Daily Current Affairs September 15

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September 15 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 15

1. What is the theme of the International Day of Democracy 2025?
A) Protecting Civic Freedom Worldwide
B) Building Inclusive Institutions Together
C) Achieving Gender Equality Action by Action
D) Empowering Youth Through Democracy
E) Ensuring Electoral Transparency
Answer: C) Achieving Gender Equality Action by Action

Event and Location:

• Event: Observance of International Day of Democracy 2025
• Location: Globally observed (United Nations Member States)
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To observe International Day of Democracy with a focus on promoting gender equality, civic participation, and democratic governance.
• Objectives: To raise awareness about the importance of democracy, highlight the need for inclusive and gender-equal political systems, and protect democratic institutions and rights.

Important Terms Explained:

• Democracy: A system of governance where the power lies with the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives, ensuring political equality, rule of law, human rights, and accountability.
• Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU): An international organization of parliaments that promotes democratic governance and set the 2025 theme for International Day of Democracy.
• Universal Declaration on Democracy: A declaration adopted by the IPU in 1997 outlining the principles of democracy, including public participation, gender equality, rule of law, and institutional checks and balances.

Tabular Summary:

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2. Engineers Day 2025 in India was celebrated under which official theme?
A) Digital India Revolution
B) Tech-Driven Future of Bharat
C) Deep Tech & Engineering Excellence Driving India’s Techade
D) Engineering for Atmanirbhar Bharat
E) AI Innovation and Nation Building
Answer: C) Deep Tech & Engineering Excellence Driving India’s Techade

Event and Location:

• Event: Celebration of Engineers Day 2025 to honour Sir M. Visvesvaraya
• Location: India (Nationwide observance)
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To celebrate the contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and promote engineering innovation across the country on his 164th birth anniversary.
• Objectives: To encourage awareness about deep technology, inspire young engineers, and acknowledge the critical role of engineering in nation-building.

Important Terms Explained:

• Deep Tech: A category of technology based on substantial scientific advances such as AI, quantum computing, robotics, and space engineering, aimed at solving complex global challenges.
• Institution of Engineers India (IEI): A professional statutory body that promotes engineering excellence and selects the official annual theme for Engineers Day in India.
• Bharat Ratna: The highest civilian award of India, conferred on Sir M. Visvesvaraya in 1955 for his service to engineering and national development.

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs September 15

3. Who won the gold medal in the 57kg category at the 2025 World Boxing Championships?
A) Nupur Sheoran
B) Lovlina Borgohain
C) Pooja Rani
D) Jaismine Lamboria
E) Julia Szeremeta
Answer: D) Jaismine Lamboria

Event and Location:

• Event: Jaismine Lamboria wins gold at World Boxing Championships 2025
• Location: Liverpool, United Kingdom
• Date: 14 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To host the World Boxing Championships 2025 featuring top athletes across weight divisions from around the world.
• Objectives: To determine world champions in amateur boxing, provide a global platform for talent, and prepare athletes ahead of future Olympic cycles.

Winners List: World Boxing Championships 2025 (India – Women’s)

Boxer	Weight Category	Medal Won	Final Opponent	Result
Jaismine Lamboria	57kg (Featherweight)	Gold	Julia Szeremeta (Poland)	Won by 4–1 Split Decision
Nupur Sheoran	80+kg (Heavyweight)	Silver	Agata Kaczmarska (Poland)	Lost by 2–3 Split Decision
Pooja Rani	Middleweight	Bronze	Semi-final loss	Did not advance to final

[/su_table]

Important Terms Explained:

• World Boxing Championships: A premier international amateur boxing tournament organized by World Boxing, featuring elite boxers from across the globe, held biennially.
• Split Decision (4–1): A method of scoring where the majority of judges (4 out of 5) rule in favor of one boxer, indicating a close match. Jaismine Lamboria defeated Poland’s Julia Szeremeta by this margin.
• Paris Olympics 2024: The Summer Olympic Games held in Paris in 2024, where Jaismine Lamboria had faced an early exit. Her 2025 gold signifies a strong comeback after that performance.

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4. India recently secured a historic 3–1 win against which country in the Davis Cup 2025 World Group I, marking their first away win in Europe since 1993?
A) France
B) Germany
C) Italy
D) Switzerland
E) Spain
Answer: D) Switzerland

Event and Location:

• Event: India defeats Switzerland 3–1 in Davis Cup 2025 World Group I
• Location: Swiss Tennis Arena, Biel, Switzerland
• Date: 13–14 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • India competed against Switzerland in the Davis Cup World Group I tie and won 3–1 to secure a place in the 2026 Davis Cup Qualifiers.
• Objectives:
  • To qualify for the 2026 Davis Cup Qualifiers
  • To end a 32-year drought of away victories in Europe
  • To demonstrate India’s resurgence in global team tennis competition

Important Terms Explained:

• Davis Cup:
  • The premier international men’s team tennis tournament, governed by the International Tennis Federation (ITF). It involves national teams competing across different tiers in a knock-out format.
• World Group I:
  • A qualifying tier in the Davis Cup structure, where winning teams progress to the Davis Cup Qualifiers, bringing them one step closer to the Finals.
• Reverse Singles:
  • Matches played on Day 2 or 3 of a Davis Cup tie, where the No.1 players from both teams face off again, often determining the final outcome of the tie.

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs September 15

5. Which former Chief Minister of Meghalaya passed away in September 2025 at the age of 91?
A) Mukul Sangma
B) D.D. Lapang
C) Conrad Sangma
D) Salseng Marak
E) B.B. Lyngdoh
Answer: B) D.D. Lapang

Event and Location:

• Event: Demise of former Meghalaya Chief Minister D.D. Lapang
• Location: Shillong, Meghalaya
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To acknowledge the passing of veteran leader D.D. Lapang, a key architect of coalition-era politics and former Chief Minister of Meghalaya.
• Objectives: To reflect on his legacy in governance, inclusive development, and his role as a consensus-builder in Meghalaya’s political landscape.

Important Terms Explained:

• Chief Minister (CM): The elected head of the executive branch of a state in India. D.D. Lapang held the CM post four times, managing coalition complexities and promoting stability in Meghalaya’s governance.
• Coalition Politics: A system where multiple political parties come together to form a government, common in Meghalaya’s history. Lapang was known for his skill in uniting diverse political factions.
• People’s Leader: A political figure who maintains strong grassroots connections with citizens. Lapang’s rise from road labourer to CM made him widely admired for his humility and approachability.

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6. Which British boxing legend, known as “The Hitman,” passed away at age 46 in September 2025?
A) Amir Khan
B) Lennox Lewis
C) Ricky Hatton
D) Carl Froch
E) Joe Calzaghe
Answer: C) Ricky Hatton

Event and Location:

• Event: Passing of British boxing legend Ricky Hatton
• Location: Stockport, Greater Manchester, England
• Date: 14 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Announcement of the death of former world champion boxer Ricky Hatton, aged 46
• Objectives: To commemorate his life, highlight his boxing achievements, and recognize his advocacy for mental health awareness

Important Terms Explained:

• IBF (International Boxing Federation): A major global boxing sanctioning body under which Hatton won his first world title in 2005.
• WBA (World Boxing Association): Another leading boxing federation; Hatton added the WBA light-welterweight belt in the same year.
• Mental Health Advocacy: Ricky Hatton was vocal about his struggles with depression and alcohol after retirement, using his platform to promote mental health support and awareness.

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 15

7. What was India’s Wholesale Price Index (WPI) inflation in August 2025?
A) 1.77%
B) -0.58%
C) 0.30%
D) 0.52%
E) 2.07%
Answer: D) 0.52%

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of WPI inflation data for August 2025
• Location: India
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Release of wholesale inflation statistics by the Ministry of Commerce based on the Wholesale Price Index (WPI)
• Objectives: To track changes in wholesale price levels across food, fuel, and manufactured goods, aiding economic policy formulation

Important Terms Explained:

• Wholesale Price Index (WPI): An index that measures and tracks the changes in the price of goods sold and traded in bulk by wholesalers at the wholesale level.
• WPI Inflation: The percentage change in the wholesale price index over a year, indicating inflationary trends in the production and distribution sectors.
• Retail Inflation: A measure of price change in goods and services purchased by consumers, often calculated using the Consumer Price Index (CPI).

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 15

8. Who was appointed as Deputy Election Commissioner in the September 2025 bureaucratic reshuffle?
A) Arvind Khare
B) Nidhi Pandey
C) Pawan Kumar Sharma
D) Ajay Gupta
E) Harikishore S
Answer: C) Pawan Kumar Sharma

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of 35 senior officers to key Joint Secretary-level positions
• Location: Various Central Government Ministries and Departments across India
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To implement a major bureaucratic reshuffle appointing 35 civil servants to senior roles across ministries including Defence, Home Affairs, Finance, Culture, and NITI Aayog.
• Objectives: To strengthen administrative leadership, improve inter-departmental efficiency, and enhance execution of national governance and reform-oriented initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• Deputy Election Commissioner: A high-ranking official within the Election Commission of India responsible for conducting and supervising free and fair elections; holds the rank of Additional Secretary.
• Karmayogi Bharat: A Government of India initiative focused on civil service capacity building, aiming to create a future-ready bureaucracy through continuous training and skill development.
• Joint Secretary (JS): A senior-level bureaucrat in the Central Secretariat who heads a wing within a ministry or department and plays a pivotal role in policy formulation and implementation.

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9. Who was appointed as the Director of the All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA) in September 2025?
A) Dr. Mahesh Vyas
B) Dr. Tanuja Nesari
C) Dr. Rajesh Kotecha
D) Prof. Pradeep Kumar Prajapati
E) Dr. Manoj Nesari
Answer: D) Prof. Pradeep Kumar Prajapati

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Prof. Pradeep Kumar Prajapati as Director of AIIA
• Location: All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), New Delhi
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To appoint a new Director for AIIA to lead India’s premier institute for Ayurvedic education, research, and clinical care.
• Objectives: To strengthen evidence-based Ayurveda, align with the AYUSH mission, and elevate AIIA’s role in both national healthcare and global traditional medicine collaboration.

Important Terms Explained:

• All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA): A premier autonomous Ayurvedic institution under the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India, focused on education, research, and clinical services in Ayurveda.
• AYUSH Mission: A Government of India initiative promoting Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy, aimed at integrating traditional medicine with modern healthcare.
• Continuing Medical Education (CME): Ongoing training programs for medical professionals to enhance their clinical skills, academic knowledge, and updated research in the field of Ayurveda.

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10. Who was appointed as MD & CEO of Aditya Birla Capital Ltd (ABCL) effective 1 September 2025?
A) Shikha Sharma
B) Vishakha Mulye
C) Radhika Gupta
D) Naina Lal Kidwai
E) Chanda Kochhar
Answer: B) Vishakha Mulye

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Vishakha Mulye as MD & CEO of Aditya Birla Capital
• Location: Corporate HQ – Aditya Birla Capital Ltd, Mumbai
• Date: Effective from 1 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To appoint Vishakha Mulye as the Managing Director & Chief Executive Officer of Aditya Birla Capital Ltd for a term of five years.
• Objectives: To drive integrated growth across financial services, enhance digital capabilities, and implement the “One ABC, One P&L” strategy for better customer experience and operational synergy.

Important Terms Explained:

• One ABC, One P&L: A strategic integration model aimed at unifying Aditya Birla Capital’s business verticals (loans, insurance, investments, etc.) under one profit and loss account, streamlining performance, and improving customer experience.
• ABCD App: A Direct-to-Customer (D2C) digital platform offering a unified suite of financial services such as loans, insurance, investments, and advisory under a single login for retail customers.
• Udyog Plus Platform: A Business-to-Business (B2B) MSME digital lending platform offering quick loans, supply chain finance, and auxiliary services like invoicing, insurance, and logistics for small businesses.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 15

11. Which series won the Outstanding Drama Series award at the 77th Primetime Emmy Awards 2025?
A) Paradise
B) Adolescence
C) Severance
D) The Pitt
E) The Studio
Answer: C) Severance

Event and Location:

• Event: 77th Primetime Emmy Awards 2025
• Location: Peacock Theater, Los Angeles, USA
• Date: 14 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To recognize and honor excellence in the television industry across multiple categories for the 2024–2025 season.
• Objectives: To celebrate artistic, technical, and performance achievements in drama, comedy, limited series, and other television formats, while highlighting emerging talent and creative storytelling.

Winners List: 77th Primetime Emmy Awards 2025

Major Series Awards

Acting Awards:

Writing Awards:

Directing Awards:

Variety & Specials:

Important Terms Explained:

• Emmy Awards: Annual American awards presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honoring outstanding work in television. The Primetime Emmy Awards focus on prime-time programming.
• Limited Series: A television series with a self-contained storyline and predetermined number of episodes, such as Adolescence, which won several major awards in this category.
• Variety Special (Live): A live television event or broadcast, such as SNL50: The Anniversary Special, that combines entertainment formats like music, comedy, or tribute.

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 15

12. What is the name of the world’s first all-women tri-service sailing expedition flagged off by India in 2025?
A) Ocean Shakti
B) Samudra Lakshmi
C) Samudra Pradakshina
D) Nari Vahini
E) Triveni Mission
Answer: C) Samudra Pradakshina

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Samudra Pradakshina – all-women tri-service circumnavigation sailing expedition
• Location: Gateway of India, Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: 12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To conduct the world’s first all-women tri-service sailing voyage aboard the indigenously-built IASV Triveni, circumnavigating the globe over nine months.
• Objectives: To promote Nari Shakti, showcase jointness in Indian armed forces, advance defence indigenisation, and enhance India’s maritime and diplomatic presence globally.

Important Terms Explained:

• Samudra Pradakshina: A pioneering naval expedition involving women officers from the Army, Navy, and Air Force, sailing around the world as a symbol of empowerment, national pride, and military cooperation.
• IASV Triveni: A 50-foot Indian Army Sailing Vessel, indigenously designed and built, demonstrating India’s defence production capabilities and alignment with Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A Government of India initiative aimed at achieving self-reliance across key sectors, including defence, through indigenous development and reduced dependency on imports.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Where will India host the 5th Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS) in 2027?
A) Kochi
B) Goa
C) Visakhapatnam
D) Chennai
E) Mumbai
Answer: D) Chennai

Event and Location:

• Event: India to host the 5th Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS) in 2027
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
• Date: Announced on 12 September 2025 (Summit scheduled for 2027)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To host the 5th edition of the Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS) in 2027 during the Golden Jubilee of the Indian Coast Guard.
• Objectives: To foster global maritime cooperation, enhance interoperability, and reinforce India’s leadership in maritime safety, search and rescue, environmental protection, and law enforcement at sea.

Important Terms Explained:

• Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS): An international platform bringing together coast guards and maritime safety agencies to address emerging maritime challenges, enhance cooperation, and shape collective strategies for maritime security.
• Golden Jubilee: Refers to the 50th anniversary of the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), established in 1977. The 2027 CGGS will coincide with this milestone, marking five decades of maritime service.
• Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): The ability to understand and monitor maritime activity in real-time, critical for preventing transnational crimes, environmental violations, and ensuring safe navigation.

Tabular Summary:

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14. What is the name of the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) delivered to the Indian Navy in September 2025?
A) Kiltan
B) Arnala
C) Androth
D) Lakshadweep
E) INS Prabal
Answer: C) Androth

Event and Location:

• Event: Delivery of ‘Androth’ – second ASW Shallow Water Craft to the Indian Navy
• Location: Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To deliver Androth, the second of 16 Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts (ASW SWCs), as part of India’s indigenous shipbuilding initiative.
• Objectives: To enhance India’s ability to detect and neutralise underwater threats in shallow coastal waters, boost indigenous defence manufacturing, and reinforce maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

Important Terms Explained:

• ASW SWC (Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft): A class of compact naval vessels designed to detect and counter submarine threats in shallow littoral zones, equipped with sonar, torpedoes, and rockets.
• GRSE (Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers): A leading Indian defence shipyard under the Ministry of Defence, responsible for building 8 of the 16 ASW SWCs sanctioned by the Government of India.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A national initiative aimed at making India self-reliant in manufacturing, including the defence sector, by boosting indigenous production and reducing dependency on imports.

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15. Which company built DSC A22, the third Diving Support Craft launched for the Indian Navy in 2025?
A) Cochin Shipyard Ltd
B) Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers
C) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders
D) Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd
E) L&T Shipbuilding
Answer: D) Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of DSC A22 – Third Diving Support Craft for the Indian Navy
• Location: Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd (TRSL), Kolkata, West Bengal
• Date: 12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To launch the third of five Diving Support Crafts (DSCs) for the Indian Navy under a 2021 contract with Titagarh Rail Systems.
• Objectives: To enhance India’s coastal and underwater operational capability, support submarine rescue, underwater salvage, and promote indigenous shipbuilding under Make in India and Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

Important Terms Explained:

• Diving Support Craft (DSC): A class of support ships used by navies for underwater operations, such as submarine rescue, diving training, hull inspection, and wreckage recovery, especially near the coast.
• Catamaran Hull: A ship design with two parallel hulls, offering enhanced stability, deck space, and buoyancy, ideal for diving operations in shallow or rough coastal waters.
• Titagarh Rail Systems Ltd (TRSL): A private-sector Indian company, originally focused on rail infrastructure, now entering defence shipbuilding, contributing to India’s self-reliance in maritime manufacturing.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Where was the first India–Norway Maritime Security and Disarmament Dialogue held in 2025?
A) New Delhi
B) Geneva
C) Oslo
D) Mumbai
E) Copenhagen
Answer: C) Oslo

Event and Location:

• Event: First India–Norway Maritime Security, Disarmament, and Non-Proliferation Dialogue
• Location: Oslo, Norway
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To convene the first bilateral maritime security dialogue between India and Norway, focusing on issues of non-proliferation, maritime law, and regional cooperation.
• Objectives: To enhance strategic maritime partnership, uphold international security norms, and strengthen cooperation in maritime infrastructure protection, countering illicit activities, and multilateral treaty commitments.

Important Terms Explained:

• UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea): An international agreement that governs rights and responsibilities of nations concerning the use of the world’s oceans, emphasizing freedom of navigation, sovereignty, and maritime law.
• Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT): A global treaty aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, promoting peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and working toward nuclear disarmament.
• Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): The effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could impact security, safety, economy, or the environment—key in tackling piracy, smuggling, and terrorism.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 15

17. Which country is hosting the 89th International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) General Meeting in 2025?
A) Germany
B) France
C) Japan
D) India
E) South Korea
Answer: D) India

Event and Location:

• Event: Hosting of the 89th IEC General Meeting 2025
• Location: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, India
• Date: 15–19 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To convene the 89th General Meeting of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), bringing together global experts to discuss, develop, and advance international electrotechnical standards.
• Objectives: To promote standardisation in emerging technologies, strengthen India’s position as a global leader in clean energy and smart systems, and foster international cooperation in electrotechnical innovation.

Important Terms Explained:

• IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission): A global body that prepares and publishes international standards for electrical, electronic, and related technologies, influencing over 20% of global trade by value.
• LVDC (Low Voltage Direct Current): A transformative energy system ideal for clean, efficient, and pollution-free power solutions, especially in developing economies. India was designated the Global Secretariat for LVDC standardisation.
• BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards): The national standards body of India, responsible for developing and implementing standards across sectors, and organiser of the 89th IEC GM in 2025.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 15

18. Who inaugurated the National Conference on Women Empowerment held in Tirupati in September 2025?
A) Droupadi Murmu
B) Smriti Irani
C) Om Birla
D) Rajnath Singh
E) Nirmala Sitharaman
Answer: C) Om Birla

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of National Conference on the Empowerment of Women
• Location: Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 14 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To organise a national-level conference focused on empowering women in public life, especially in legislative and political roles.
• Objectives: To promote inclusive governance, discuss the implementation of 33% reservation for women in legislatures, and highlight institutional reforms for gender equality in decision-making.

Important Terms Explained:

• 33% Reservation for Women in Legislatures: A landmark legislative reform mandating one-third of seats in Parliament and State Assemblies to be reserved for women, aiming to ensure balanced political representation and reduce gender disparities in governance.
• Parliamentary and Legislative Committee on Empowerment of Women: A standing committee of Parliament responsible for reviewing laws, policies, and schemes concerning women and ensuring gender-sensitive governance.
• Gender-Sensitive Lawmaking: The process of creating laws that take into account gender disparities, ensuring equal rights, representation, and opportunities for all genders.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which initiative was launched during the 5th All India Rajbhasha Sammelan to promote digital Hindi communication?
A) Vishwa Bhasha Yojana
B) Sarathi Platform
C) Shabd Ganga Project
D) Hindi Setu Portal
E) Kavita Kosh
Answer: B) Sarathi Platform

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of 5th All India Rajbhasha Sammelan
• Location: Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
• Date: 14 September 2025 (Hindi Day)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To conduct a national conference aimed at strengthening the use of Hindi in governance and expanding its reach in science, law, education, and administration while maintaining harmony with regional languages.
• Objectives: To promote multilingualism, digital language tools, and wider official use of Hindi without undermining mother tongues; to review implementation of Official Language policies.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sarathi Platform: A digital platform launched to promote the use of Hindi in official communication and training, especially within Central Government services. It aims to facilitate easier adoption of Hindi in technical domains.
• Hindi Shabd Sindhu Kosh: A digital encyclopedic repository under development, envisioned to become the world’s largest Hindi knowledge base by 2029. It will standardize scientific and technical terms in Hindi for broader use.
• Rajbhasha Sammelan: A national-level conference aimed at discussing the status, challenges, and future plans related to Hindi as an official language in India’s multilingual administrative framework.

Tabular Summary:

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20. Which two natural sites in Andhra Pradesh were recently added to UNESCO’s Tentative List of World Heritage Sites in 2025?
A) Araku Valley and Nagarjunasagar
B) Papikonda Hills and Horsley Hills
C) Tirumala Hills and Erra Matti Dibbalu
D) Kolleru Lake and Lambasingi
E) Nallamala Forest and Bhavani Island
Answer: C) Tirumala Hills and Erra Matti Dibbalu

Event and Location:

• Event: Inclusion of Tirumala Hills and Erra Matti Dibbalu in UNESCO Tentative List
• Location: Andhra Pradesh, India
• Date: September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To propose Tirumala Hills (with Eparchaean Unconformity) and Erra Matti Dibbalu (Red Sand Dunes) for UNESCO World Heritage Site status by placing them on the Tentative List.
• Objectives:
  • To recognize and protect sites of rare geological and ecological significance
  • To enhance conservation, research, and global awareness
  • To promote sustainable tourism and scientific documentation

Important Terms Explained:

• UNESCO Tentative List:
  • The first official step towards achieving UNESCO World Heritage Site status. Countries must place a site on this list before a formal nomination.
• Eparchaean Unconformity:
  • A rare geological formation in the Tirumala Hills, showing a contact zone between 1.6-billion-year-old granite and younger Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, revealing Earth’s ancient tectonic and evolutionary history.
• Erra Matti Dibbalu (Red Sand Dunes):
  • A national geo-heritage coastal landform near Visakhapatnam, characterized by reddish sand dunes formed due to iron oxidation. Known for unique drainage patterns and sedimentary layering reflecting sea-level and climate shifts.

Tabular Summary:

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21. Which initiative was discussed during the Rabi Abhiyan 2025 Conference to guide India’s Rabi season strategy?
A) PM-KISAN Samman Nidhi
B) National Food Security Mission
C) Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan
D) Digital India Agriculture Plan
E) Mission Bumper Harvest
Answer: C) Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan

Event and Location:

• Event: National Agricultural Conference – Rabi Abhiyan 2025
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Conduct a national-level conference to plan India’s agricultural strategy for the Rabi season 2025–26 under the second phase of Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan.
• Objectives: Formulate a region-wise action plan for Rabi crops, promote climate-resilient agriculture, improve input efficiency, and align strategies with national food security and farmer income goals.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rabi Abhiyan: A focused campaign to coordinate national planning and preparedness for the Rabi cropping season (winter crops), including strategic discussions on resource management, yield improvement, and agro-climatic planning.
• Viksit Krishi Sankalp Abhiyan: A government initiative under the broader Viksit Bharat vision, aiming to modernise Indian agriculture through technology adoption, policy reforms, and farmer-focused programs.
• Climate-Resilient Agriculture: A practice that improves agricultural productivity in the face of climate variability, emphasizing sustainable resource use and minimizing environmental risks.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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