Daily Current Affairs October 07

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October 07 | Daily Current Affairs 2026

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 07

1. What is the official theme of World Space Week 2026, observed from October 4 to 10?
A) Space and Climate Change
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: World Space Week 2026 is being celebrated under the theme “Rocket Revolution,” highlighting advancements in reusable rockets, affordable space launches, private space participation, and human space exploration.
• Location: Worldwide.
• Date: October 4–10, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: World Space Week, declared by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in 1999, commemorates the launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, and the entry into force of the Outer Space Treaty on October 10, 1967. The 2026 observance focuses on reusable launch technologies, commercial space activities, emerging spacefaring nations, and human spaceflight programmes, including India’s Gaganyaan mission.
• Objectives: The observance aims to promote awareness of space science and technology, encourage international cooperation, highlight innovations that reduce space launch costs, expand participation in space exploration, and recognise the contributions of space technology to scientific research, economic development, and human progress.

Important Terms Explained:

• Reusable Launch Vehicles: Rockets or spacecraft systems designed to be recovered and used for multiple missions, potentially reducing launch costs and improving access to space.
• Sputnik 1: The world’s first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, marking the beginning of the Space Age.
• Outer Space Treaty: An international agreement that entered into force on October 10, 1967, establishing principles for the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, including the prohibition of national sovereignty claims over celestial bodies.
• Kármán Line: An internationally recognised reference boundary located approximately 100 kilometres above Earth’s mean sea level, commonly used to distinguish outer space from Earth’s atmosphere.
• Human Spaceflight: Space missions involving astronauts or other human space travellers aboard spacecraft for scientific research, exploration, commercial activities, or technological development.
• Artemis Programme: A NASA-led human space exploration initiative aimed at returning astronauts to the lunar region, supporting sustained lunar exploration, and developing capabilities for future missions to Mars.
• Gaganyaan Programme: India’s human spaceflight programme led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), aimed at demonstrating the country’s capability to independently send astronauts into space and return them safely to Earth.
• Commercial Spaceflight: Space transportation and exploration activities undertaken by private companies, including satellite launches, space tourism, cargo transportation, and crewed missions.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs October 07

2. Who has been appointed as the new captain of the Indian Women’s Cricket Team in October 2026, succeeding Harmanpreet Kaur?
A) Shafali Verma
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Smriti Mandhana has been appointed as the new captain of the Indian Women’s Cricket Team, succeeding Harmanpreet Kaur, who stepped down from captaincy across all formats.
• Location: India.
• Date: October 7, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Smriti Mandhana, previously the vice-captain of the Indian Women’s Cricket Team, has been elevated to captaincy following Harmanpreet Kaur’s decision to relinquish leadership responsibilities across Tests, One-Day Internationals (ODIs), and Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is).
• Objectives: The leadership transition aims to establish a new phase in Indian women’s cricket, utilise Mandhana’s international and franchise captaincy experience, strengthen team performance in upcoming major tournaments, and maintain continuity through Harmanpreet Kaur’s continued participation as a senior player.

Important Terms Explained:

• Women’s Premier League (WPL): India’s professional franchise-based women’s Twenty20 cricket competition, launched in 2023, in which Smriti Mandhana captains Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB).
• One-Day International (ODI): An international limited-overs cricket format in which each team normally plays a maximum of 50 overs.
• Twenty20 International (T20I): An international cricket format in which each team normally plays a maximum of 20 overs.
• ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup: An international 50-over cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to determine the world champion in women’s ODI cricket.
• Women’s T20 Asia Cup: A regional Twenty20 cricket tournament featuring Asian women’s national cricket teams and organised under the Asian Cricket Council.
• Asian Games: A multi-sport competition held every four years among Asian nations, featuring cricket among its sporting disciplines in selected editions.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Who won the 2026 China Open men’s singles title, securing his seventh China Open championship and 102nd career tour-level trophy?
A) Roger Federer
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Serbian tennis player Novak Djokovic won his seventh China Open men’s singles title and 102nd career tour-level trophy after Australia’s Alex de Minaur retired from the final due to a groin injury, extending Djokovic’s unbeaten tournament record to 34-0.
• Location: Beijing, China.
• Date: October 6, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Djokovic secured the 2026 China Open men’s singles championship after Alex de Minaur retired with the score at 7-6(3), 0-1, becoming the oldest ATP 500 champion at 39 years of age. The victory marked his first ATP Tour title of 2026, ended an 11-month title drought, and brought his career total to 102 tour-level titles, behind Roger Federer (103) and Jimmy Connors (109).
• Objectives: The tournament provides professional tennis players with opportunities to compete for ATP ranking points and tour-level titles, while Djokovic’s victory strengthened his career achievements, preserved his unbeaten China Open record, and brought him closer to the Open Era record for men’s singles tour-level titles.

Important Terms Explained:

• Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP): The governing organisation of the men’s professional tennis tour, responsible for administering major men’s tour competitions and maintaining ATP rankings.
• ATP 500 Tournament: A category of professional men’s tennis tournaments introduced in 2009, awarding 500 ATP ranking points to the singles champion.
• Tour-Level Title: A championship won in an officially recognised top-level professional tennis event, including ATP Tour tournaments and other eligible competitions.
• Open Era: The period of professional tennis beginning in 1968, when Grand Slam tournaments became open to both amateur and professional players.
• Tiebreak: A special scoring procedure used to decide a set when players reach a specified game score, usually 6-6, with the first player to win at least seven points by a two-point margin winning the tiebreak.
• Retirement in Tennis: The withdrawal of a player from an ongoing match due to injury, illness, or another reason, resulting in the opponent being declared the winner.
• ATP Ranking Points: Points awarded to professional tennis players based on tournament performance, used to determine their positions in the ATP rankings.

Tabular Summary:

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4. Who won the Japan Open 2026 men’s singles title by defeating Jiri Lehecka in the final?
A) Novak Djokovic
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Spanish tennis star Carlos Alcaraz won the Japan Open 2026 men’s singles title by defeating Jiri Lehecka of the Czech Republic in straight sets, securing his second consecutive Japan Open championship and 27th career title.
• Location: Tokyo, Japan.
• Date: October 6, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Carlos Alcaraz, the top seed and defending champion, defeated Jiri Lehecka 7-6(4), 6-4 in the Japan Open final to claim his third ATP Tour title of 2026 and successfully defend his 2025 championship. The victory increased his career title tally to 27 and marked his return to title-winning form after a four-and-a-half-month absence caused by a wrist injury.
• Objectives: The tournament provides professional tennis players with opportunities to compete for ATP ranking points and championship titles, while Alcaraz’s victory strengthened his competitive record, demonstrated his recovery from injury, and reinforced his performance on hard courts during the Asian tennis season.

Important Terms Explained:

• Japan Open Tennis Championships: A professional men’s tennis tournament held annually in Tokyo, Japan, played on hard courts and forming part of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour.
• Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour: The international professional men’s tennis circuit featuring tournaments in different categories, where players compete for ranking points, prize money, and championship titles.
• Straight Sets Victory: A tennis match victory achieved without losing a set, such as winning 7-6, 6-4 in a best-of-three-set match.
• Tiebreak: A special scoring procedure generally played when a set reaches 6-6, requiring a player to win at least seven points with a minimum two-point advantage.
• Hard Court: A tennis playing surface typically constructed using asphalt or concrete with an acrylic coating, providing a relatively consistent ball bounce and playing speed.
• Top Seed: The highest-seeded player in a tournament, determined according to ranking and seeding rules, who is generally positioned in the draw to avoid other leading seeds in the early rounds.
• Laver Cup: An international men’s team tennis competition featuring Team Europe against Team World, with players competing in singles and doubles matches.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs October 07

5. According to the World Bank report released in October 2026, India has been ranked among the top how many emerging-market performers in Artificial Intelligence (AI) readiness?
A) Top 5
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The World Bank ranked India among the top 10 emerging-market performers in Artificial Intelligence (AI) readiness in its report titled “India and Artificial Intelligence: Seizing the Development Opportunity,” highlighting India’s expanding AI investments, skilled workforce, and digital infrastructure.
• Location: India.
• Date: October 6, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The World Bank assessed India’s AI readiness based on its technical workforce, information technology sector, private AI investment, digital public infrastructure, and enterprise adoption. The report highlighted an increase in private AI investment from USD 1.2 billion in 2024 to USD 4.1 billion in 2025, alongside growing employment in Global Capability Centres and increasing adoption of AI technologies.
• Objectives: The assessment aims to identify India’s potential for AI-driven economic development, strengthen digital infrastructure, improve workforce skills, encourage innovation and entrepreneurship, expand access to AI technologies, enhance productivity and public service delivery, and prepare workers for changes in the labour market.

Important Terms Explained:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Technology that enables computer systems to perform tasks involving learning, reasoning, pattern recognition, language processing, and decision-making that traditionally require human intelligence.
• AI Readiness: An economy’s capacity to adopt, deploy, and scale artificial intelligence technologies based on infrastructure, workforce skills, investment, regulations, data availability, and technological capabilities.
• Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI): Foundational digital systems that support large-scale public and private services, including digital identity, payments, data exchange, financial inclusion, and government service delivery.
• Global Capability Centres (GCCs): Specialised units established by multinational companies to provide services such as information technology, research and development, finance, data analytics, business operations, and artificial intelligence.
• Private AI Investment: Financial investment by private companies, venture capital firms, and other investors in artificial intelligence research, startups, infrastructure, products, and commercial applications.
• Enterprise AI Adoption: The integration of artificial intelligence technologies into business operations to improve productivity, automate processes, analyse data, and enhance organisational decision-making.
• Labour Market Transformation: Changes in employment patterns, workforce skills, job requirements, and productivity resulting from technological advancements such as artificial intelligence and automation.

Tabular Summary:

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6. Which state became India’s sixth fully literate state under the ULLAS initiative in October 2026?
A) Sikkim
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Uttarakhand was declared India’s sixth fully literate state under the ULLAS (Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society) initiative, achieving an adult literacy rate of 98.70%, above the national benchmark of 95% functional literacy.
• Location: Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
• Date: October 7, 2026 (news reported).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami announced the state’s full-literacy achievement under ULLAS, supported by approximately 25,000 volunteers who conducted household surveys, identified non-literate adults, registered learners, and facilitated literacy assessments through the Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Assessment Test (FLNAT). The initiative focuses on adult education, basic literacy, numeracy, digital skills, financial literacy, and lifelong learning.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to achieve universal functional literacy, improve adult education, expand learning opportunities in remote Himalayan villages, strengthen digital and financial literacy, reduce educational inequalities, and advance the goals of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 through community participation and volunteer-led educational programmes.

Important Terms Explained:

• ULLAS Initiative: Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society is a centrally sponsored adult education initiative designed to provide foundational literacy, numeracy, critical life skills, vocational skills, and lifelong learning opportunities to non-literate individuals.
• Functional Literacy: The ability to apply reading, writing, numeracy, and essential life skills effectively in everyday situations, with a literacy rate of at least 95% used as the benchmark for declaring a state fully literate.
• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN): Basic competencies involving reading with comprehension, writing, and performing fundamental mathematical calculations necessary for everyday activities and further learning.
• Foundational Literacy and Numeracy Assessment Test (FLNAT): An assessment conducted under the adult literacy framework to evaluate learners’ reading, writing, and numeracy competencies and facilitate literacy certification.
• National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS): An autonomous educational institution under the Ministry of Education that provides open and distance learning opportunities and supports assessment and certification under adult education programmes.
• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: India’s national education policy introduced in 2020 to promote equitable, inclusive, flexible, and quality education, including foundational learning and adult literacy.
• Nanda Gaura Scheme: A Uttarakhand government initiative providing financial assistance to eligible girls to encourage education, improve welfare, and promote gender equality.
• Chief Minister Balashray Yojana: A Uttarakhand government scheme providing educational and welfare support to orphaned children to improve access to schooling and essential services.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs October 07

7. What is the revised repo rate announced by the Reserve Bank of India in its October 2026 monetary policy review?
A) 5.00%
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), through its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC), unanimously increased the repo rate by 25 basis points to 5.50% at its 63rd meeting and changed its monetary policy stance to calibrated tightening.
• Location: India.
• Date: October 5–7, 2026, with the policy decision announced on October 7, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee, chaired by Governor Sanjay Malhotra, raised the policy repo rate from 5.25% to 5.50%, revised the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) rate to 5.25%, the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate and Bank Rate to 5.75%, and projected real GDP growth at 7.1% and CPI inflation at 5.2% for FY 2026–27.
• Objectives: The monetary policy decision aims to contain rising inflationary pressures, stabilise inflation expectations, address risks from higher food and energy prices, maintain price stability, and support sustainable economic growth amid global financial uncertainty and geopolitical tensions.

Important Terms Explained:

• Repo Rate: The interest rate at which the RBI provides short-term funds to commercial banks against eligible securities, influencing lending rates, borrowing costs, and liquidity in the banking system.
• Basis Points (bps): A unit used to measure changes in interest rates and financial percentages, where one basis point equals 0.01 percentage point and 25 basis points equal 0.25 percentage point.
• Standing Deposit Facility (SDF): An RBI monetary policy facility that allows banks to deposit surplus funds with the central bank without collateral, helping absorb excess liquidity from the banking system.
• Marginal Standing Facility (MSF): An RBI facility that allows eligible banks to borrow overnight funds against approved securities, generally at a rate above the policy repo rate.
• Bank Rate: The rate at which the RBI is prepared to buy or rediscount eligible bills of exchange and other commercial papers, also serving as a reference rate for certain regulatory purposes.
• Calibrated Tightening: A monetary policy stance indicating a preference for maintaining or increasing interest rates to contain inflation, with future decisions dependent on economic conditions.
• Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation: A measure of changes in the retail prices of goods and services consumed by households, used as the primary inflation indicator for India’s monetary policy framework.
• Core Inflation: A measure of inflation that excludes food and fuel components to assess underlying and relatively persistent price pressures.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total monetary value of final goods and services produced within a country’s borders during a specified period, commonly used to measure economic performance.
• El Niño: A climate phenomenon involving unusually warm sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, potentially affecting India’s monsoon rainfall and agricultural production.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 07

8. What is the revised GDP growth forecast for India for FY 2026–27, as announced by the World Bank in October 2026?
A) 6.5%
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The World Bank raised India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth forecast for FY 2026–27 to 7.1%, up from its previous projection of 6.6% in April 2026, following stronger-than-expected economic growth of 7.8% in the first quarter.
• Location: India.
• Date: October 7, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The World Bank revised India’s GDP growth projection upward by 0.5 percentage points to 7.1% for FY 2026–27, citing robust private consumption, higher public investment, better-than-expected exports, strong industrial activity, and resilient services-sector performance, while highlighting risks from weak monsoon rainfall and global economic uncertainty.
• Objectives: The revised forecast aims to provide an updated assessment of India’s economic growth prospects, identify major drivers of economic expansion, evaluate sectoral performance, and highlight potential risks arising from geopolitical tensions, global trade uncertainty, agricultural challenges, and fluctuations in private investment.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Bank: An international financial institution established in 1944 that provides loans, grants, technical assistance, and development research to support economic development and poverty reduction across member countries.
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): The total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country’s geographical boundaries during a specified period, used to measure economic activity and growth.
• Financial Year (FY): A 12-month accounting period used for financial reporting and economic assessment, running from April 1 to March 31 in India.
• Private Consumption: Expenditure by households on goods and services, representing a major component of aggregate demand and an important driver of economic growth.
• Public Investment: Government expenditure on infrastructure, public facilities, and capital assets intended to improve productive capacity and support long-term economic development.
• Industrial Production: The output generated by manufacturing, mining, electricity, and related industrial activities, reflecting the performance of the industrial sector.
• Southwest Monsoon: India’s principal rainy season, generally occurring from June to September, which plays a vital role in agricultural production, water availability, and rural economic activity.
• Rural Demand: Consumer demand for goods and services in rural areas, influenced by agricultural output, farm incomes, employment, and government development programmes.
• Geopolitical Risks: Economic and financial uncertainties arising from international political tensions, conflicts, trade restrictions, and changes in relations between countries.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs October 07

9. On which date did Prime Minister Narendra Modi complete 25 years as the head of government, having first assumed office as Chief Minister of Gujarat in 2001?
A) 2 October 2026
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Prime Minister Narendra Modi completed 25 years as the head of government, having first assumed office as Chief Minister of Gujarat on October 7, 2001, before becoming Prime Minister of India in 2014. The Union Cabinet adopted a congratulatory resolution to commemorate the milestone.
• Location: India, with his political leadership journey beginning in Gujarat.
• Date: October 7, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Cabinet passed a resolution congratulating Prime Minister Narendra Modi on completing 25 continuous years as the head of government, covering his tenure as Gujarat Chief Minister from 2001 to 2014 and as Prime Minister of India from 2014 onwards. Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw highlighted the milestone as a reflection of democratic continuity, public support, administrative leadership, and the expansion of development initiatives from Gujarat to the national level.
• Objectives: The resolution aims to commemorate Narendra Modi’s 25-year leadership journey, recognise his contributions to governance and public administration, highlight the government’s emphasis on national development, infrastructure expansion, economic reforms, and welfare delivery, and acknowledge the principles of public service and the “Nation First” approach associated with his leadership.

Important Terms Explained:

• Union Cabinet: The senior decision-making body of the Union government, consisting of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers, responsible for major government policies, administrative decisions, and national governance priorities.
• Chief Minister: The elected head of government of an Indian state, responsible for leading the Council of Ministers, implementing state policies, and overseeing administration within the state’s constitutional framework.
• Prime Minister of India: The head of the Union government who leads the Council of Ministers, coordinates national policy decisions, and exercises executive leadership under India’s parliamentary system.
• Cabinet Resolution: A formal decision or statement adopted by the Union Cabinet to express a collective position, recognise significant events, or approve government policy and administrative measures.
• Democratic Mandate: The authority granted to elected representatives or governments through electoral outcomes, reflecting the choices made by voters in a democratic system.
• Nation First Approach: A governance philosophy emphasising national interests, public service, development priorities, and the welfare of citizens in administrative and policy decisions.
• Development-Focused Governance: An administrative approach prioritising economic growth, infrastructure development, public service delivery, welfare programmes, and institutional improvements.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Who has been appointed as the next Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force, effective from 31 October 2026?
A) Air Marshal S. P. Dharkar
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit has been appointed as the next Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force (IAF), succeeding Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh.
• Location: India.
• Date: October 7, 2026 (announcement); October 31, 2026 (assumption of charge).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit is scheduled to assume charge as the professional head of the Indian Air Force on October 31, 2026, succeeding Air Chief Marshal Amar Preet Singh, with responsibility for operational readiness, administration, modernisation, strategic planning, training, and coordination with other branches of the armed forces.
• Objectives: The leadership transition aims to maintain the Indian Air Force’s operational preparedness, strengthen aerial defence capabilities, modernise its aircraft fleet, promote advanced technology adoption, and enhance joint operational coordination with the Indian Army and Indian Navy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Chief of the Air Staff (CAS): The professional head of the Indian Air Force, responsible for overseeing its operations, administration, preparedness, modernisation, and advising the government on matters relating to air power.
• Indian Air Force (IAF): The aerial warfare branch of the Indian Armed Forces, officially established on October 8, 1932, with primary responsibilities including protecting Indian airspace and conducting aerial military operations.
• Operational Readiness: The ability of a military force to deploy personnel, aircraft, equipment, and resources effectively to undertake assigned missions during peacetime or conflict.
• Defence Modernisation: The process of upgrading military aircraft, weapons, surveillance systems, infrastructure, and technology to improve operational capabilities and address emerging security challenges.
• Joint Operations: Coordinated military activities involving two or more branches of the armed forces, such as the Indian Air Force, Indian Army, and Indian Navy, to achieve common strategic and operational objectives.
• Indian Air Force Day: An annual observance celebrated on October 8 to commemorate the establishment of the Indian Air Force in 1932.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 07

11. Who were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2026 for the discovery of non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis?
A) David MacMillan and Benjamin List
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2026 was jointly awarded to Henri B. Kagan and Kenso Soai for their pioneering discoveries of non-linear effects and autocatalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis, with each scientist receiving an equal one-half share of the prize.
• Location: Sweden.
• Date: October 7, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 2026 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Henri B. Kagan and Kenso Soai, recognising Kagan’s discovery of non-linear effects in asymmetric catalysis and Soai’s discovery of asymmetric autocatalysis. Their research demonstrated how small differences in molecular chirality can influence or amplify the production of specific mirror-image molecular forms.
• Objectives: The award recognises fundamental advances in understanding molecular chirality, improving the selectivity of chemical reactions, supporting the development of pharmaceutical and industrial compounds, and expanding scientific knowledge about the origin and amplification of molecular handedness.

Important Terms Explained:

• Asymmetric Organic Synthesis: A chemical process designed to produce one particular three-dimensional form of a molecule preferentially over its mirror-image counterpart, widely used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and fine chemical production.
• Non-Linear Effects in Asymmetric Synthesis: Phenomena in which the relationship between a catalyst’s enantiomeric composition and the resulting product’s enantiomeric composition is not directly proportional, potentially producing amplified molecular selectivity.
• Asymmetric Autocatalysis: A chemical process in which a chiral reaction product acts as a catalyst for its own formation, allowing an initial imbalance between mirror-image molecular forms to increase.
• Soai Reaction: An asymmetric autocatalytic chemical reaction discovered by Kenso Soai that demonstrates how a small initial imbalance in molecular chirality can be amplified through repeated catalytic reactions.
• Chirality: A molecular property in which a structure cannot be superimposed on its mirror image, similar to the relationship between the left and right hands.
• Enantiomers: Two molecular forms that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other and may display different biological or pharmaceutical effects despite having identical chemical formulas.
• Asymmetric Catalysis: A chemical technique that uses a chiral catalyst to favour the production of one enantiomer over another, improving the stereochemical selectivity of reactions.
• Optical Purity: A measure of the predominance of one enantiomer over another in a chiral substance, commonly expressed using enantiomeric excess.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Who was awarded the 2026 Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from Developing Countries for outstanding contributions to number theory?
A) Manjul Bhargava
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian mathematician Mahesh Kakde, a professor at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, was awarded the 2026 Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from Developing Countries for his outstanding contributions to algebraic number theory, particularly Iwasawa theory and the Gross-Stark and Brumer-Stark conjectures.
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
• Date: October 7, 2026 (news reported).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and the International Mathematical Union (IMU) jointly awarded the 2026 Ramanujan Prize to Mahesh Kakde for his significant contributions to algebraic number theory, including research on Iwasawa theory, the Gross-Stark conjecture, the Brumer-Stark conjecture, and mathematical questions connected with Hilbert’s 12th problem. Established in 2005, the prize recognises mathematicians below 45 years of age working in developing countries and carries a cash award of USD 10,000.
• Objectives: The award aims to recognise outstanding mathematical research, encourage scientific excellence among young mathematicians in developing countries, promote advanced research in pure mathematics, and acknowledge contributions towards solving fundamental problems in number theory and related mathematical fields.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from Developing Countries: An international mathematics award established in 2005 to recognise outstanding researchers below the age of 45 working in developing countries, jointly awarded by ICTP and IMU with prize money of USD 10,000.
• Algebraic Number Theory: A branch of mathematics that uses algebraic methods to study integers, prime numbers, algebraic number fields, and the mathematical structures governing relationships between numbers.
• Iwasawa Theory: A specialised area of algebraic number theory that investigates how arithmetic properties of number fields behave across infinite towers of field extensions.
• Gross-Stark Conjecture: A mathematical conjecture concerning special values and derivatives of certain L-functions and their relationships with algebraic units in number fields.
• Brumer-Stark Conjecture: A conjecture in algebraic number theory connecting special values of L-functions with ideal classes and the construction of algebraic units in number fields.
• Hilbert’s 12th Problem: One of the 23 mathematical problems proposed by German mathematician David Hilbert in 1900, concerning the explicit construction of abelian extensions of number fields using special mathematical functions.
• International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP): An international scientific research institution established in 1964 in Trieste, Italy, to promote advanced research and scientific cooperation, particularly supporting scientists from developing countries.
• International Mathematical Union (IMU): An international organisation established in its present form in 1951 to promote mathematical research, international cooperation, and the development of mathematics worldwide.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs October 07

13. Where is the 12th National Maritime Search and Rescue Exercise (SAREX-2026) being organised by the Indian Coast Guard?
A) Visakhapatnam Coast, Andhra Pradesh
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Union Minister of State for Defence Sanjay Seth was scheduled to inaugurate the 12th National Maritime Search and Rescue Exercise (SAREX-2026), organised by the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), with participation from 32 international observers representing 30 countries.
• Location: Paradip Coast and Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
• Date: October 7–8, 2026, with the inauguration scheduled for October 7 and the maritime search and rescue demonstration for October 8, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Coast Guard is organising SAREX-2026 to demonstrate large-scale maritime emergency response capabilities through the deployment of 15 Coast Guard ships, 2 Dornier aircraft, 3 Advanced Light Helicopters, 1 Chetak helicopter, Indian Air Force aircraft, 2 Indian Navy ships, and civil support assets. The exercise includes simulated aircraft ditching involving 228 passengers and a container vessel collision, alongside the 24th National Maritime Search and Rescue Board Meeting in Bhubaneswar, chaired by ICG Director General Paramesh Sivamani.
• Objectives: The exercise aims to strengthen maritime search and rescue preparedness, improve rapid mobilisation of rescue resources, enhance coordination between maritime and aviation agencies, test mass rescue capabilities, promote technology-enabled emergency responses, and reinforce international cooperation in maritime safety.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Maritime Search and Rescue Exercise (SAREX): A national-level maritime emergency response exercise organised by the Indian Coast Guard to assess search and rescue capabilities, inter-agency coordination, and operational preparedness during emergencies at sea.
• Mass Rescue Operation (MRO): A coordinated emergency response involving the rescue of a large number of people in distress when the scale of the incident exceeds normal rescue capabilities.
• National Maritime Search and Rescue (NMSAR) Board: A national coordination mechanism that reviews maritime search and rescue arrangements, distress-alert management, rescue preparedness, and cooperation among responsible agencies.
• Dornier Aircraft: A light transport and maritime surveillance aircraft used by the Indian Coast Guard for reconnaissance, search and rescue support, and maritime patrol operations.
• Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH): An indigenously developed multipurpose helicopter used by Indian defence and security forces for surveillance, transport, emergency response, and search and rescue operations.
• Aircraft Ditching: An emergency landing of an aircraft on water, requiring specialised rescue arrangements to evacuate passengers and crew safely.
• Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR): India’s maritime cooperation vision focused on security, stability, economic growth, and collaborative development in the Indian Ocean Region.
• MAHASAGAR: India’s broader maritime vision, representing Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions, aimed at strengthening maritime security, regional cooperation, and sustainable development.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 07

14. Which two Indian institutions signed MoUs with Ghanaian institutions in October 2026 to strengthen cooperation in scientific research, education, and agriculture?
A) ISRO and DRDO
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: India and Ghana exchanged two Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) to strengthen cooperation in scientific research, academic collaboration, capacity building, and agricultural education during External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar’s visit to Ghana.
• Location: Ghana, West Africa.
• Date: October 7, 2026 (news reported).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: External Affairs Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar and Ghanaian Foreign Minister Sam Okudzeto Ablakwa witnessed the exchange of two MoUs between the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) and the University of Ghana for scientific research, academic cooperation, and capacity building, and between the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Ghana’s CSIR-Crops Research Institute for agricultural research, education, and knowledge sharing. The agreements were accompanied by discussions on trade, investment, defence, technology, development cooperation, and regional partnerships.
• Objectives: The agreements aim to strengthen the India-Ghana Comprehensive Partnership, promote institutional collaboration in science and agriculture, enhance research capabilities, facilitate academic and technical exchanges, expand knowledge sharing, and deepen South-South cooperation between India and Ghana while supporting broader engagement with African regional organisations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): A formal document expressing mutual understanding and intended cooperation between two or more parties, outlining areas of collaboration and responsibilities without necessarily creating legally binding obligations.
• Zoological Survey of India (ZSI): An Indian scientific organisation established in 1916 under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, responsible for studying, documenting, and conserving the country’s animal biodiversity.
• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR): An autonomous organisation established in 1929 under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, responsible for coordinating agricultural research, education, and extension activities in India.
• CSIR-Crops Research Institute: A Ghanaian agricultural research institution operating under the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, focusing on crop improvement, agricultural technologies, food security, and sustainable farming practices.
• India-Ghana Comprehensive Partnership: A bilateral cooperation framework aimed at strengthening relations between India and Ghana across trade, investment, development, defence, technology, education, agriculture, and people-to-people exchanges.
• South-South Cooperation: Collaboration among developing countries to exchange knowledge, technology, expertise, resources, and development solutions for mutual economic and social progress.
• African Union (AU): A continental organisation established in 2002 to promote African unity, peace, security, economic integration, and cooperation among member states.
• Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS): A regional intergovernmental organisation established in 1975 to promote economic integration, regional cooperation, and development among West African countries.
• Capacity Building: The process of strengthening the skills, knowledge, institutions, and resources required to improve organisational performance, research capabilities, and sustainable development outcomes.

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs October 07

15. What is the revised monthly incentive for ASHA workers announced by the Delhi government in October 2026?
A) ₹4,000
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Delhi government doubled the monthly incentives for Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) workers from ₹3,000 to ₹6,000, launched the Nursing Home Management System portal, expanded Mission ANMOL, and inaugurated a new building for the State Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation.
• Location: Thyagraj Stadium, New Delhi, during ASHA Sammelan-2026 and ASHA Samman Samaroh.
• Date: October 6, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Delhi Lieutenant Governor Taranjit Singh Sandhu and Chief Minister Rekha Gupta jointly launched multiple healthcare initiatives, including doubling monthly incentives for approximately 6,690 ASHA workers, introducing online registration and renewal for private nursing homes, expanding newborn screening under Mission ANMOL to 63 disorders, and virtually inaugurating a new SOTTO building at GB Pant Hospital.
• Objectives: The initiatives aim to improve financial support for community health workers, digitise and streamline nursing home registration, strengthen transparency in healthcare administration, expand early detection of congenital and metabolic disorders among newborns, and enhance organ and tissue donation coordination across Delhi.

Important Terms Explained:

• Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA): A trained female community health worker operating under the National Health Mission who promotes maternal and child healthcare, immunisation, family welfare, health awareness, and community-level healthcare access.
• National Health Mission (NHM): A Government of India healthcare initiative aimed at improving access to affordable, equitable, and quality healthcare services, particularly for vulnerable and underserved populations.
• Nursing Home Management System Portal: A digital platform launched by the Delhi government to facilitate online registration and renewal of private nursing homes, reduce paperwork, improve transparency, and strengthen regulatory monitoring.
• Mission ANMOL: A newborn health screening programme, expanded under the name Advanced Newborn Monitoring for Optimal Lifecare, to detect congenital, genetic, and metabolic disorders within 24 to 72 hours after birth.
• State Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (SOTTO): A state-level organisation responsible for coordinating organ and tissue donation, transplantation activities, hospital collaboration, and transplant-related healthcare systems.
• Congenital Disorders: Medical conditions present at birth that may affect a newborn’s physical development, organ functioning, or overall health and can sometimes be detected through early screening.
• Metabolic Disorders: Health conditions that disrupt the body’s normal chemical processes, including the conversion of food into energy, and may require early diagnosis and specialised treatment.
• ASHA Sammelan-2026 and ASHA Samman Samaroh: A Delhi government event organised to recognise community healthcare workers and announce initiatives aimed at strengthening public health services.

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16. What is the full form of JOSH Teams, scheduled to be launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare on October 8, 2026, for tuberculosis elimination?
A) Joint Organisation for Social Health
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) scheduled the launch of JOSH (Joint Squad for Health) Teams under the TB Mukt Bharat campaign to strengthen youth participation, community awareness, and grassroots mobilisation for tuberculosis elimination.
• Location: New Delhi, India, with the first phase covering 55 districts across 11 states.
• Date: October 8, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Health and Family Welfare Minister J. P. Nadda was scheduled to launch JOSH Teams in the presence of Union Youth Affairs and Sports Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, with participation from MY Bharat Volunteers, National Cadet Corps (NCC) cadets, government officials, and other stakeholders. The first phase will cover 55 districts across 11 states, focusing on youth-led awareness campaigns, early symptom identification, timely diagnosis, treatment adherence, and community-level engagement.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to accelerate India’s tuberculosis elimination efforts by increasing public awareness, encouraging early screening and diagnosis, reducing TB-related stigma, improving treatment completion, strengthening community participation, and empowering young volunteers to promote preventive healthcare at block and grassroots levels.

Important Terms Explained:

• JOSH (Joint Squad for Health) Teams: A youth-led community health initiative designed to support tuberculosis elimination through awareness campaigns, social mobilisation, early identification of symptoms, and promotion of timely diagnosis and treatment completion.
• Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious bacterial disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which usually affects the lungs and spreads through the air when a person with infectious pulmonary TB coughs, speaks, or sings.
• TB Mukt Bharat: India’s national tuberculosis elimination campaign aimed at strengthening TB awareness, screening, diagnosis, treatment access, patient support, and community participation.
• MY Bharat (Mera Yuva Bharat): A Government of India initiative launched in 2023 to provide young people with opportunities for volunteering, leadership development, community engagement, and nation-building activities.
• National Cadet Corps (NCC): A voluntary youth organisation under the Ministry of Defence that provides military-oriented training and promotes discipline, leadership, character development, and community service among students.
• Community Mobilisation: The process of encouraging individuals, volunteers, local organisations, and community groups to participate collectively in activities addressing public health and social challenges.
• Treatment Adherence: The practice of following a prescribed medical treatment regimen correctly and consistently, including completing the full course of tuberculosis medication to improve recovery and reduce the risk of drug resistance.
• Early TB Diagnosis: The timely identification of tuberculosis through symptom assessment and appropriate medical testing, helping patients begin treatment earlier and reducing further transmission.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 07

17. What is the theme of the 10th India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026, held at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi?
A) Digital India for All
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The 10th India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026 commenced under the theme “Scale Without Boundaries,” bringing together telecom companies, technology leaders, startups, policymakers, innovators, and investors to showcase emerging digital technologies.
• Location: Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, India.
• Date: October 7–10, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The four-day India Mobile Congress 2026 focuses on 6G networks, Artificial Intelligence (AI), 5G monetisation, satellite communications, cybersecurity, semiconductors, quantum technologies, and cloud computing, with discussions structured around four pillars—Srishti, Samvardhan, Sashakt, and Suraksha. The event’s theme was unveiled by Union Minister for Communications Jyotiraditya M. Scindia.
• Objectives: The event aims to accelerate India’s digital transformation, promote next-generation telecommunications and technological innovation, strengthen digital infrastructure, encourage startup-investor collaboration, expand digital inclusion, and develop secure and trusted technology ecosystems capable of supporting global-scale adoption.

Important Terms Explained:

• India Mobile Congress (IMC): A major Indian telecommunications and digital technology forum that brings together industry leaders, policymakers, startups, investors, and innovators to showcase technological developments and encourage collaboration.
• 6G Technology: The next generation of wireless communication technology beyond 5G, being developed to deliver advanced connectivity, higher network capabilities, and support for emerging digital applications.
• AI-Native Telecom: The integration of artificial intelligence into telecommunications networks to support automated network management, resource optimisation, service delivery, and improved operational efficiency.
• 5G Monetisation: The process through which telecom operators generate revenue from 5G networks by offering advanced connectivity services, enterprise applications, and digital solutions.
• Satellite Communications: Communication systems that use satellites to transmit information across long distances, particularly supporting connectivity in remote and underserved regions.
• Cybersecurity: The protection of digital networks, information systems, devices, and data against cyberattacks, unauthorised access, and other digital threats.
• Semiconductors: Materials with controlled electrical conductivity used to manufacture electronic chips essential for telecommunications equipment, computers, smartphones, and advanced technologies.
• Quantum Technologies: Technologies based on principles of quantum mechanics, with potential applications in computing, secure communications, sensing, and advanced information processing.
• Cloud and Edge Computing: Cloud computing provides remote computing and data storage services, while edge computing processes data closer to its source to reduce latency and improve efficiency.
• Four Pillars of IMC 2026: Srishti focuses on innovation and future technologies; Samvardhan on scalable infrastructure and enterprise growth; Sashakt on digital inclusion and empowerment; and Suraksha on secure and trusted digital ecosystems.

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18. What is the theme of the 3rd edition of Sagarmanthan: The Great Oceans Dialogue, held in New Delhi in October 2026?
A) Sustainable Oceans for Global Growth
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The 3rd edition of Sagarmanthan: The Great Oceans Dialogue was scheduled to bring together more than 1,200 speakers, delegates, and participants from nearly 75 countries under the theme “Blue Geographies, New Aspirations: Trade, Technology, and Trust at Sea.”
• Location: New Delhi, India.
• Date: October 7–9, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Sagarmanthan 2026 is jointly organised by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways and the Observer Research Foundation (ORF) to facilitate international discussions on maritime trade, shipping connectivity, port modernisation, digital transformation, sustainable shipping, ocean governance, maritime security, and climate-related challenges. The dialogue includes policymakers, industry leaders, scholars, maritime experts, and representatives of international institutions.
• Objectives: The conference aims to strengthen global maritime cooperation, promote sustainable development of ocean resources, improve shipping and port connectivity, encourage technological innovation, enhance maritime security and resilience, and support India’s blue economy, port-led development, and maritime diplomacy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sagarmanthan: The Great Oceans Dialogue: An annual international maritime dialogue launched in New Delhi in 2024 to promote cooperation and policy discussions on oceans, global trade, maritime technology, sustainability, and security.
• Observer Research Foundation (ORF): An Indian public policy think tank that conducts research and facilitates discussions on international relations, economic development, technology, security, and global governance.
• Blue Economy: The sustainable use of ocean and marine resources for economic growth, employment generation, and improved livelihoods while protecting marine ecosystems.
• Ocean Governance: The framework of laws, institutions, policies, and international cooperation mechanisms used to manage oceans, maritime activities, marine resources, and environmental protection.
• Maritime Trade: The transportation of goods and commodities through sea routes using commercial ships, forming a major component of international trade and global supply chains.
• Port-Led Development: An economic development approach that promotes industrial growth, infrastructure development, logistics efficiency, and trade connectivity through modernised ports and coastal infrastructure.
• Sustainable Shipping: Maritime transportation practices designed to reduce environmental damage, improve energy efficiency, limit emissions, and support long-term ecological sustainability.
• Maritime Resilience: The ability of maritime infrastructure, shipping networks, ports, and related systems to withstand, respond to, and recover from disruptions caused by natural disasters, geopolitical tensions, or economic shocks.

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