Daily Current Affairs October 08

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October 08 | Daily Current Affairs 2026

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 08

1. What is the theme of Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026, associated with the 94th Indian Air Force Day celebrations?
A) Touch the Sky with Glory
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Indian Air Force (IAF) celebrated its 94th anniversary on Indian Air Force Day 2026, commemorating its establishment in 1932, with celebrations associated with the multinational Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026.
• Location: India, with Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 conducted at Air Force Station Jodhpur, Rajasthan.
• Date: 8 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian Air Force Day 2026 commemorated the establishment of the IAF on 8 October 1932 and honoured its contribution to national security, aerial defence and humanitarian operations. The celebrations were associated with Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026, scheduled from 26 September to 12 October 2026 under the theme “Power in Partnership”, involving multinational air force cooperation, joint training and operational coordination.
• Objectives: To honour the service and sacrifices of IAF personnel, showcase India’s air defence capabilities, strengthen international military cooperation, enhance interoperability among participating air forces and promote operational preparedness, aerospace safety and professional excellence.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Air Force Day: An annual observance celebrated on 8 October to commemorate the establishment of the Indian Air Force in 1932 and recognise its contributions to national defence and security.
• Exercise Tarang Shakti: A multinational air combat exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force to strengthen cooperation, joint operational training, interoperability and professional engagement among participating air forces.
• Power in Partnership: The theme of Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026, emphasising international defence cooperation, coordinated air operations and collective operational capabilities.
• Suryakiran Aerobatic Team (SKAT): An aerobatic demonstration team of the Indian Air Force established in 1996 at Bidar, known for precision formation flying and aerial displays using Hawk Mk-132 aircraft.
• Nabhah Sparsham Diptam: The Sanskrit motto of the Indian Air Force, meaning “Touch the Sky with Glory”, reflecting courage, professionalism and excellence in aerial operations.
• Air Defence: Military operations and systems designed to detect, monitor, intercept and neutralise aerial threats to protect national airspace and strategic assets.
• Military Interoperability: The ability of armed forces from different countries or military branches to coordinate, communicate and conduct joint operations effectively.
• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR): Military and civilian operations involving rescue, evacuation, emergency transport, medical assistance and relief distribution during natural disasters or humanitarian emergencies.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs October 08

2. Who have been selected as India’s flagbearers for the Asian Para Games 2026 in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan?
A) Sumit Antil and Avani Lekhara
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian para-badminton champion Pramod Bhagat and para-table tennis player Bhavina Patel have been selected as India’s flagbearers for the Asian Para Games 2026, scheduled to be held in Japan.
• Location: Aichi-Nagoya, Japan, with an official send-off ceremony organised in New Delhi, India.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (reported announcement date), with the Games scheduled from 18 to 24 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Paralympic Committee of India (PCI) selected Pramod Bhagat and Bhavina Patel to lead the Indian contingent as flagbearers at the fifth edition of the Asian Para Games. Bhagat has won six Asian Para Games medals, including two gold medals, while Patel has secured two medals across two appearances. Together, they have earned eight medals at the continental event.
• Objectives: To recognise the achievements of India’s leading para-athletes, provide experienced sporting leadership to the national contingent, encourage participation in para-sports and build upon India’s record performance of 111 medals at the previous Asian Para Games.

Important Terms Explained:

• Asian Para Games: A continental multi-sport competition for athletes with disabilities from Asian countries, organised under the Asian Paralympic Committee and held approximately every four years.
• Flagbearer: An athlete selected to carry the national flag and represent their country during the official ceremonies of an international sporting event.
• Para-Badminton: An adapted form of badminton for athletes with eligible physical impairments, featuring classification categories to ensure fair competition among participants.
• Para-Table Tennis: A competitive form of table tennis for athletes with physical or intellectual impairments, organised into different sport classes based on functional abilities.
• Women’s Singles Class 4: A classification in para-table tennis for athletes with physical impairments who compete in wheelchair categories, in which Bhavina Patel won a silver medal at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games.
• Paralympic Committee of India (PCI): India’s national governing organisation responsible for coordinating the country’s participation in Paralympic competitions and promoting para-sports development.
• Asian Paralympic Committee (APC): The continental organisation responsible for overseeing the Asian Paralympic movement and organising the Asian Para Games.

Tabular Summary:

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3. How many international appearances and goals did Lionel Messi record for Argentina before his reported retirement in October 2026?
A) 200 appearances and 120 goals
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Argentine football legend Lionel Messi reportedly retired from international football after Argentina’s 3–0 victory over Benin, finishing his international career with 208 appearances and 126 goals.
• Location: Estadio Monumental, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
• Date: 6 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Messi reportedly concluded his international career at the age of 39 after making his 208th appearance for Argentina against Benin. He scored a penalty and provided two assists in his farewell match, ending a career that began in 2005 and included the 2022 FIFA World Cup, two Copa América titles and the 2022 Finalissima.
• Objectives: The farewell marked the conclusion of Messi’s international football career and recognised his contributions to Argentina’s major tournament victories, individual records and achievements under head coach Lionel Scaloni.

Important Terms Explained:

• FIFA World Cup: The premier international men’s football tournament organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), held every four years, which Argentina won in 2022 by defeating France in the final.
• Copa América: The major international men’s football championship for South American national teams, organised by CONMEBOL, which Argentina won in 2021 and 2024 with Messi.
• Finalissima: An international football match contested between the reigning European and South American champions, which Argentina won in 2022 by defeating Italy 3–0 at Wembley Stadium.
• FIFA World Cup Golden Ball: An individual award presented to the best player of a FIFA World Cup tournament, which Messi received in 2014 and 2022.
• International Caps: The number of official appearances made by a footballer for their senior national team, with Messi reportedly finishing his Argentina career with 208 caps.
• Lionel Scaloni: Argentina’s national football team head coach who guided the country to victories in the 2021 Copa América, 2022 Finalissima, 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2024 Copa América.
• Estadio Monumental: A major football stadium in Buenos Aires, Argentina, serving as the home ground of River Plate and a regular venue for Argentina’s international matches.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs October 08

4. Which veteran Indian actor, a three-time National Film Award winner and Padma Shri recipient, reportedly passed away at the age of 75 in October 2026?
A) Naseeruddin Shah
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Veteran Indian actor Nana Patekar, a three-time National Film Award winner and Padma Shri recipient, was reported to have passed away at the age of 75, leaving behind a distinguished career in Hindi and Marathi cinema.
• Location: India, with his career primarily associated with Hindi and Marathi cinema.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (reported date of death, not independently verified).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The reported death of Nana Patekar marks the passing of an acclaimed actor, writer, filmmaker and social worker known for his powerful performances in films such as Parinda, Krantiveer, Agni Sakshi and Natsamrat. He received three National Film Awards and the Padma Shri in 2013. He also co-founded the NAAM Foundation with actor Makarand Anaspure in 2015 to support farmers and rural communities.
• Objectives: To recognise Nana Patekar’s contributions to Indian cinema, acknowledge his achievements in Hindi and Marathi films, highlight his national honours and remember his social initiatives focusing on farmer welfare, drought relief, water conservation and rural development.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Film Awards: Prestigious film honours presented by the Government of India to recognise excellence in Indian cinema. Nana Patekar received three awards for Parinda (Best Supporting Actor), Krantiveer (Best Actor) and Agni Sakshi (Best Supporting Actor).
• Padma Shri: India’s fourth-highest civilian award, conferred for distinguished contributions across various fields. Nana Patekar received the award in 2013 for his contribution to arts.
• NAAM Foundation: A charitable organisation co-founded by Nana Patekar and Makarand Anaspure in 2015 to support distressed farmers, drought-affected communities, water conservation and rural development.
• Hindi Cinema: The Hindi-language film industry of India, in which Nana Patekar gained recognition through films such as Parinda, Krantiveer, Ab Tak Chhappan, Welcome and Raajneeti.
• Marathi Cinema: The Marathi-language film industry primarily associated with Maharashtra, in which Nana Patekar delivered acclaimed performances, including his role in Natsamrat.
• Drought Relief: Assistance provided to communities affected by prolonged water shortages, including drinking water support, agricultural assistance and measures to improve water availability.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs October 08

5. According to the WWF Living Planet Report 2026, what was the average decline in monitored wildlife populations between 1970 and 2022?
A) 59%
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) released the Living Planet Report (LPR) 2026, highlighting a 73% average decline in monitored wildlife populations between 1970 and 2022, with freshwater ecosystems experiencing the sharpest decline of 85%.
• Location: Global, covering monitored wildlife populations across terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (reported date).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The report presents findings from the Living Planet Index (LPI) compiled by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), covering 35,803 population trends across 5,790 vertebrate species. It identifies freshwater ecosystems as the most affected, followed by terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and examines major biodiversity threats, conservation successes and the annual US$1.3 trillion biodiversity financing gap.
• Objectives: To assess global wildlife population trends, identify the causes of biodiversity loss, encourage ecosystem restoration, promote nature-positive food, energy and financial systems, and support international commitments to halt and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030.

Important Terms Explained:

• Living Planet Report (LPR): A flagship WWF publication assessing global biodiversity trends, wildlife population changes, ecosystem health and the environmental impacts of human activities.
• Living Planet Index (LPI): A scientific indicator developed by ZSL in collaboration with WWF that measures average changes in the relative abundance of monitored vertebrate populations over time, rather than the total number of wild animals.
• Biodiversity: The variety of life on Earth, including diversity within species, between species and across ecosystems, which supports ecological stability and essential ecosystem services.
• Freshwater Ecosystems: Inland aquatic environments such as rivers, lakes, wetlands and streams that support aquatic biodiversity and provide essential water-related ecosystem services.
• Structural Drivers of Biodiversity Loss: Underlying economic and social factors, including food production, energy consumption and financial systems, that contribute to habitat destruction, resource overexploitation and environmental degradation.
• Positive Tipping Points: Thresholds at which beneficial changes become self-reinforcing, accelerating transitions towards sustainable energy, agriculture, finance and environmental practices.
• Biodiversity Financing Gap: The difference between financial resources needed for biodiversity conservation and restoration and the funding currently available, estimated at US$1.3 trillion annually in the report.
• Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF): An international biodiversity agreement adopted at COP15 in 2022, establishing four long-term goals for 2050 and 23 targets for 2030 to halt and reverse biodiversity loss.
• Paris Agreement: An international climate treaty adopted in 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, aiming to keep global warming well below 2°C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 08

6. Under which Act did the Reserve Bank of India remove Paytm Payments Bank from the list of scheduled banks in 2026?
A) Banking Regulation Act, 1949
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) removed Paytm Payments Bank Limited (PPBL) from the list of scheduled banks under the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934, following the reported cancellation of its banking licence due to regulatory non-compliance.
• Location: India.
• Date: 31 July 2026 (notification date), with Gazette publication reported in September 2026 and the development reported on 8 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: RBI excluded Paytm Payments Bank from the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934, following the reported cancellation of its banking licence in April 2026. The decision followed earlier regulatory restrictions imposed in March 2022 on onboarding new customers and in January–February 2024 on accepting fresh deposits, credits and wallet top-ups. The Delhi High Court also reportedly ordered the winding up of the bank.
• Objectives: To enforce regulatory compliance, protect depositors’ interests, maintain banking sector integrity, address supervisory concerns and ensure that only eligible banking institutions retain scheduled bank status under the RBI Act, 1934.

Important Terms Explained:

• Scheduled Bank: A banking institution included in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934, and recognised as a scheduled bank under the applicable statutory provisions.
• Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934: A statutory list maintained under the Reserve Bank of India Act that identifies banks holding scheduled bank status in India.
• Banking Licence Cancellation: A regulatory action through which RBI withdraws a bank’s authorisation to conduct banking business due to violations or failure to satisfy applicable regulatory requirements.
• Payments Bank: A differentiated banking institution permitted to accept deposits within prescribed limits and provide payment and remittance services but generally prohibited from undertaking conventional lending activities.
• Regulatory Non-Compliance: Failure by a regulated institution to follow applicable laws, supervisory directions, operational standards or other requirements established by the regulatory authority.
• Supervisory Restrictions: Measures imposed by a financial regulator to limit specified activities of a regulated institution when concerns arise regarding compliance, governance, operations or depositor protection.
• Winding Up: A legal process through which a company or banking institution is closed, its assets are realised, liabilities are settled according to applicable law and its affairs are formally concluded.
• Gazette of India: The Government of India’s official publication used to notify statutory orders, rules, appointments and other legally significant government decisions.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs October 08

7. How many working journalist members have been nominated for the 15th term of the Press Council of India in October 2026?
A) 11 members
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Central Government reconstituted the 15th term of the Press Council of India (PCI) by nominating 13 working journalist members, including six editors and seven other journalists.
• Location: New Delhi, India.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (reported date).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Central Government nominated 13 working journalist members under Section 5(3)(a) of the Press Council Act, 1978, comprising six editors and seven journalists other than editors. The PCI consists of one Chairperson and 28 other members, with Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai (Retd.) serving as Chairperson.
• Objectives: To ensure statutory representation of working journalists in the PCI, safeguard press freedom, preserve journalistic independence, maintain professional standards, formulate ethical guidelines, and address complaints concerning newspapers and news agencies.

Important Terms Explained:

• Press Council of India (PCI): An autonomous, statutory and quasi-judicial body established to protect press freedom and maintain standards of newspapers and news agencies in India.
• Press Council Act, 1978: The legislation governing the composition, powers and functions of the PCI, including the representation of journalists, newspaper owners, Parliament and specialized institutions.
• Section 5(3)(a): A provision of the Press Council Act, 1978, specifying 13 representatives from working journalists, including six editors and seven journalists other than editors.
• Quasi-Judicial Body: An institution empowered to conduct inquiries, examine complaints and issue decisions or recommendations through procedures resembling judicial processes.
• Norms of Journalistic Conduct: Ethical guidelines formulated by the PCI to promote accuracy, fairness, responsible reporting and professional integrity in journalism.
• Suo Motu Action: Action initiated by an authority on its own without receiving a formal complaint, including inquiries into matters falling within its jurisdiction.
• Reconstitution: The process of forming a new term of an institution by selecting or nominating members according to the applicable legal provisions.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 08

8. Who was named the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2026 for pioneering literary works that combine classical traditions with innovative contemporary writing?
A) Margaret Atwood
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Canadian poet, essayist and translator Anne Carson was named the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2026 for her pioneering and innovative literary works that combine classical traditions with contemporary literary forms.
• Location: Stockholm, Sweden.
• Date: 8 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Swedish Academy selected Anne Carson for the 2026 Nobel Prize in Literature, recognising her experimental approach to poetry, essays, fiction and translation. Her literary contributions reinterpret ancient Greek texts through modern perspectives, blending classical mythology, language studies and contemporary literary techniques.
• Objectives: To recognise exceptional literary achievement, acknowledge Carson’s innovative engagement with classical literature, celebrate her development of new literary forms and highlight the continuing relevance of ancient literary traditions in contemporary writing.

Important Terms Explained:

• Nobel Prize in Literature: An international literary award established through Alfred Nobel’s will and presented annually by the Swedish Academy to an author for outstanding contributions to literature.
• Swedish Academy: A Swedish cultural institution founded in 1786 by King Gustav III, responsible for selecting the Nobel Prize laureate in Literature.
• Classical Literature: Literary works originating from ancient civilizations, particularly Greece and Rome, that have significantly influenced later literary traditions, philosophy and artistic expression.
• Philology: The historical and comparative study of languages and literary texts, focusing on their development, meaning, structure and cultural context.
• Etymology: The study of the origins of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved over time.
• Bildungsroman: A literary genre that focuses on the psychological, emotional and moral development of a protagonist from youth towards maturity.
• Eros the Bittersweet: Anne Carson’s 1986 work examining desire, love and poetic language through ancient Greek literature, particularly the writings of Sappho.
• Autobiography of Red: Anne Carson’s 1998 novel in verse that reimagines the Greek mythological figure Geryon through a contemporary narrative of identity, love and personal development.
• If Not, Winter: Anne Carson’s translation of surviving fragments by the ancient Greek poet Sappho, reflecting her distinctive combination of classical scholarship and creative literary interpretation.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs October 08

9. How many houses will be constructed under India’s first 3D-printed rural housing pilot project launched in Andhra Pradesh under PMAY-G 2.0?
A) 150 houses
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Pradesh launched India’s first national-level 3D-printed rural housing pilot project under Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G) 2.0, aiming to construct 177 houses using 3D Concrete Printing technology.
• Location: Burripalem and Obulnayudupalem/Pothuru villages in Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (reported date).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Andhra Pradesh Government initiated a pilot project to construct 177 rural houses using 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) technology, including 100 houses in Burripalem and 77 houses in Obulnayudupalem/Pothuru. The project has an estimated cost of ₹13.93 crore, excluding taxes, with ₹9.44 crore contributed by the Union Ministry of Rural Development and ₹4.49 crore by the state government. CSIR-Central Building Research Institute (CSIR-CBRI), Roorkee, will provide technical assistance, with construction targeted for completion in approximately six months.
• Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of 3D concrete printing for affordable rural housing, reduce construction time and material wastage, improve construction precision, minimize dependence on labour-intensive masonry processes and assess the potential for wider adoption of automated construction technology under PMAY-G.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G): A centrally sponsored rural housing scheme launched on 1 April 2016 to provide pucca houses with basic amenities to eligible rural households. PMAY-G 2.0 refers to the scheme’s continued implementation during 2024–2029.
• 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP): An automated construction technology that uses computer-controlled equipment to deposit specially formulated concrete in successive layers to create walls and other structural components.
• Additive Manufacturing: A manufacturing process in which three-dimensional objects are created by depositing materials layer by layer according to a digital design, rather than cutting or removing material.
• Building Information Modelling (BIM): A digital modelling process used to create and manage information about a building’s design, dimensions, materials and construction requirements.
• CSIR-Central Building Research Institute (CSIR-CBRI): A research institution located in Roorkee, Uttarakhand, operating under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and specializing in building materials, construction technologies and structural engineering.
• Extrusion Technology: A process in which specially prepared construction material is pushed through a computer-controlled nozzle to form continuous layers according to a predetermined design.
• Hybrid Construction: A construction approach combining automated technologies such as 3D printing with conventional methods for foundations, reinforcement, roofing, electrical installation and finishing work.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs October 08

10. What is the name of India’s first indigenous Fleet Support Ship, commissioned at Hindustan Shipyard Limited in October 2026?
A) INS Shakti
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh reportedly commissioned India’s first indigenous Fleet Support Ship (FSS-1), named Surya, to strengthen the Indian Navy’s maritime logistics and underway replenishment capabilities.
• Location: Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (reported date).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The first Surya-class Fleet Support Ship is designed to provide fuel, aviation turbine fuel, freshwater, ammunition, provisions, dry stores and spare parts to Indian Navy warships during deployments. It supports alongside, stern and vertical replenishment, while incorporating helicopter facilities, medical infrastructure, onboard maintenance workshops and self-protection systems.
• Objectives: To strengthen the Indian Navy’s blue-water naval capabilities, extend the operational endurance of warships and aircraft carrier groups, reduce dependence on shore-based logistics, improve fleet readiness and support humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations across the Indian Ocean Region and Indo-Pacific.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fleet Support Ship (FSS): A naval auxiliary vessel designed to supply fuel, ammunition, provisions, water and essential equipment to warships operating at sea, enabling longer deployments without returning to naval bases.
• Underway Replenishment (UNREP): The process of transferring fuel, supplies and other essential materials between naval vessels while they are at sea, maintaining operational continuity and fleet endurance.
• Vertical Replenishment (VERTREP): A naval logistics technique in which helicopters transfer supplies between ships, allowing replenishment without requiring vessels to operate alongside each other.
• Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF): A specialized petroleum-based fuel used to power aviation turbine engines, including those fitted in military helicopters and aircraft.
• Blue-Water Navy: A naval force capable of conducting sustained operations across distant oceans, supported by advanced warships, replenishment vessels and logistical infrastructure.
• Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR): Operations undertaken by military or civilian agencies to provide medical assistance, emergency supplies, evacuation and relief during natural disasters or humanitarian emergencies.
• Close-In Weapon System (CIWS): A short-range defensive weapon system designed to detect and engage incoming threats, including anti-ship missiles and hostile aircraft.
• SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region): India’s maritime cooperation vision aimed at promoting security, stability, economic development and collaborative growth across the Indian Ocean Region.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 08

11. How many economies, including India and the United States, joined the joint ministerial statement on structural excess capacity in key manufacturing sectors in October 2026?
A) 12 economies
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: India joined the United States and 13 other economies in a joint ministerial statement to address structural excess capacity in key manufacturing sectors, including automobiles, electric vehicles, batteries, chemicals, semiconductors and solar panels.
• Location: Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, following discussions at the G20 Trade Ministerial.
• Date: 7 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The United States Trade Representative (USTR) issued a joint statement endorsed by 15 economies to address excess production capacity caused by non-market policies and practices. The participating economies agreed to establish dedicated sectoral platforms, exchange non-confidential information, examine market distortions and hold technical-level discussions by December 2026 to finalize the terms of reference.
• Objectives: To reduce trade distortions caused by structural excess capacity, promote fair competition, protect domestic industries and employment, encourage market-based investment, strengthen international cooperation and improve transparency in global manufacturing sectors.

Important Terms Explained:

• Structural Excess Capacity: A persistent situation in which industrial production capacity exceeds market demand, often because of government interventions or non-market policies that encourage overproduction.
• Non-Market Policies and Practices: Government interventions, subsidies or other measures that distort market-based competition, influence production decisions and contribute to excessive industrial capacity.
• G20 Trade Ministerial: A meeting of trade ministers from G20 economies to discuss international trade policies, market access, economic cooperation and challenges affecting global trade.
• Sectoral Platforms: Dedicated cooperation mechanisms established to exchange information, examine excess capacity and develop coordinated responses in specific manufacturing industries.
• Foundational Semiconductors: Mature-node semiconductor chips widely used in automobiles, industrial equipment, consumer electronics and other essential manufacturing applications.
• Global Forum on Steel Excess Capacity (GFSEC): An international cooperation mechanism established following G20 discussions in 2016 to address structural excess capacity in the global steel industry through information sharing and policy coordination.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): An intergovernmental organisation that promotes economic cooperation, evidence-based policymaking, sustainable growth and international policy coordination.
• Terms of Reference: A formal document defining the objectives, scope, responsibilities and procedures governing the work of a committee, platform or international cooperation mechanism.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 08

12. What is the theme of India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Yashobhoomi, New Delhi?
A) Connecting India to the Future
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated India Mobile Congress (IMC) 2026, highlighting India’s nationwide 5G expansion, advancements in 6G research, artificial intelligence, semiconductors and digital infrastructure under the theme “Scale without Boundaries”.
• Location: Yashobhoomi, New Delhi, India.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (inauguration date), with the event scheduled from 7 to 10 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The four-day IMC 2026 brings together telecommunications companies, technology firms, start-ups, policymakers, investors and researchers to showcase emerging digital technologies. The event highlights 5G connectivity across all Indian districts, more than 5.5 lakh operational 5G base stations, declining mobile data costs, and advancements in 6G, AI, cybersecurity, quantum communications and electronics manufacturing.
• Objectives: To accelerate India’s digital transformation, strengthen telecommunications infrastructure, promote affordable and inclusive connectivity, encourage indigenous technological innovation, support next-generation 6G research, enhance cybersecurity and position India as a global leader in emerging digital technologies.

Important Terms Explained:

• India Mobile Congress (IMC): A major telecommunications and technology event in India that brings together industry leaders, government representatives, start-ups and researchers to showcase developments in digital connectivity and emerging technologies.
• 5G Technology: The fifth generation of mobile telecommunications technology, offering higher data speeds, lower latency and greater network capacity than earlier mobile networks.
• 6G Technology: The proposed sixth generation of wireless communication technology, expected to integrate advanced artificial intelligence, intelligent networks, integrated sensing and high-frequency communications.
• Bharat 6G Alliance: An Indian collaborative platform involving industry, academia, research institutions and other stakeholders to promote 6G research, innovation, standards development and international cooperation.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Networks: Telecommunications networks that use artificial intelligence to automate operations, optimize network performance, manage traffic and improve service reliability.
• Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN): Communication networks using satellites, high-altitude platforms or other non-ground-based systems to extend connectivity beyond conventional terrestrial infrastructure.
• Quantum Communications: A communication technology that uses principles of quantum mechanics to enable advanced information transmission and security applications.
• Cybersecurity: The protection of digital networks, computer systems, devices and information against unauthorized access, cyberattacks and technological disruptions.
• Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG): A framework for assessing an organization’s environmental impact, social responsibilities and governance practices.
• Circular Economy: An economic model focused on reducing waste, reusing materials, recycling resources and improving sustainability throughout product life cycles.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which wildlife reserve became the third cheetah habitat in Madhya Pradesh following the release of Vyom and Neera in October 2026?
A) Kanha Tiger Reserve
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav released two cheetahs, Vyom (male) and Neera (female), into Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve, making it the state’s third cheetah habitat after Kuno National Park and Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Location: Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve, Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh.
• Date: 7 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Madhya Pradesh Government expanded Project Cheetah by establishing Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve as the third cheetah habitat in the state. The Chief Minister also highlighted wildlife tourism revenue-sharing arrangements, proposed subsidies of ₹2–3 lakh for developing homestays in buffer villages and released the Vulture Population Assessment 2026, reporting a 123% increase in the state’s vulture population.
• Objectives: To expand cheetah conservation across multiple protected habitats, reduce dependence on a single conservation landscape, strengthen biodiversity protection, promote community participation in wildlife conservation and generate sustainable income opportunities for villagers through wildlife tourism.

Important Terms Explained:

• Project Cheetah: India’s wildlife reintroduction initiative launched on 17 September 2022 at Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh to establish a viable cheetah population after the species was declared extinct in India in 1952.
• Cheetah Translocation: The planned transfer of cheetahs from one location to another for conservation, population management and establishment of new habitats under scientific monitoring.
• Kuno National Park: A protected area in Madhya Pradesh’s Sheopur district that became India’s first cheetah reintroduction site under Project Cheetah in September 2022.
• Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary: A protected wildlife area in Madhya Pradesh that became the state’s second cheetah habitat under the cheetah conservation programme.
• Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve: A tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh, established in 2023, that became the state’s third cheetah habitat following the reported release of Vyom and Neera in October 2026.
• Wildlife Tourism Revenue Sharing: A policy approach that distributes a portion of tourism-generated income to communities living near protected areas to encourage conservation participation and local economic development.
• Buffer Zone: An area surrounding or adjoining the core conservation zone of a protected area where regulated human activities may be permitted while supporting wildlife protection.
• Homestay Subsidy Scheme: A Madhya Pradesh Government initiative offering reported subsidies of ₹2–3 lakh to eligible villagers near wildlife reserves for developing tourist accommodation within their homes.
• Vulture Population Assessment 2026: A wildlife monitoring assessment released by the Madhya Pradesh Government that reported a 123% increase in the state’s vulture population.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which ministry unveiled the Strategy for Environmental Economic Accounts in India 2026–2030 to measure the economic value of natural resources and ecosystem services?
A) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: )

Event and Location:

• Event: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) unveiled the Strategy for Environmental Economic Accounts in India 2026–2030, a five-year roadmap to measure the economic value of natural resources and ecosystem services alongside traditional economic indicators.
• Location: India, covering environmental and natural resource accounting at the national level.
• Date: 8 October 2026 (reported date), with the strategy covering 2026–2030.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: MoSPI introduced a five-year strategy to strengthen India’s Environmental-Economic Accounts across ten priority areas, including forests, water, land, soil, minerals, carbon stocks, biodiversity and pollination services. The strategy builds upon the 2022–2026 framework and focuses on two major pillars: improving the quality of environmental accounts and addressing data gaps, and enhancing their communication and relevance for policymakers and other users.
• Objectives: To measure India’s natural wealth, integrate environmental information into economic decision-making, assess natural resource availability and depletion, improve ecosystem services valuation, support sustainable resource management and strengthen monitoring of environmental indicators linked to the Sustainable Development Goals.

Important Terms Explained:

• Environmental-Economic Accounting: A statistical approach that measures the relationship between economic activities and the environment by tracking natural resources, environmental assets and ecosystem services.
• System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA): An international statistical framework developed under the United Nations to integrate environmental information with economic accounts and assess the contribution of natural resources to economic development.
• Natural Capital: The stock of natural resources, including forests, water, soil, minerals and biodiversity, that provides benefits and ecosystem services to people and the economy.
• Ecosystem Services: Benefits provided by natural ecosystems, including pollination, water purification, carbon storage, climate regulation and soil fertility.
• Pollination Services Accounting: A method of estimating the economic value of pollination provided by insects, birds and other pollinators that contribute to agricultural productivity and crop production.
• Forest Accounting: The measurement of forest resources and their economic and ecological contributions, including timber, carbon storage, biodiversity conservation and other ecosystem services.
• Water Accounting: A statistical system for measuring water availability, consumption, distribution and depletion, including groundwater resources, to support sustainable water management.
• Mineral Accounting: The systematic assessment of mineral reserves, extraction, depletion and discoveries to evaluate resource availability and long-term mineral security.
• Carbon Stock Accounting: The estimation and monitoring of carbon stored in forests, vegetation, soils and other natural systems to assess their contribution to climate regulation.
• System of National Accounts 2025 (SNA 2025): An updated international statistical standard for compiling national economic accounts, providing a framework for measuring economic activities and related indicators.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A set of 17 global development goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to promote economic development, environmental sustainability and social well-being by 2030.

Tabular Summary:

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