Daily Current Affairs September 28
Table of Contents
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September 28 | Daily Current Affairs 2026
Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 28
1. Which revolutionary organisation was Bhagat Singh associated with after the reorganisation of the Hindustan Republican Association in 1928?
A) Indian National Congress
B) Ghadar Party
C) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
D) Swaraj Party
E) Forward Bloc
Answer: C) Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
Event and Location:
- Event: Bhagat Singh’s 119th birth anniversary was observed to commemorate the life, revolutionary activities, political thought and legacy of the Indian freedom fighter.
- Location: The commemoration relates to India, while Bhagat Singh was born in Banga, Lyallpur district, Punjab Province of British India, now in Pakistan.
- Date: The 119th birth anniversary was observed on 28 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The observance commemorates Bhagat Singh’s contribution to the Indian independence movement, including his revolutionary activities, political writings, association with the HSRA and resistance to British colonial rule.
- Objectives: The commemoration highlights his role in the freedom struggle and recalls his ideas concerning socialism, equality, secularism, exploitation and revolutionary political change.
Important Terms Explained:
- Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA): It was a revolutionary organisation associated with Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries, formed after the reorganisation of the Hindustan Republican Association at a meeting at Feroz Shah Kotla in Delhi in 1928.
- Central Legislative Assembly Bombing: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi on 8 April 1929 during the discussion of the Public Safety Bill as a political protest against the British legislative process.
- Lahore Conspiracy Case: It was the case in which Bhagat Singh was awarded capital punishment and subsequently executed along with Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar.
- Inquilab Zindabad: The slogan, meaning “Long Live the Revolution,” became closely associated with Bhagat Singh and the revolutionary movement.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Commemoration | Bhagat Singh’s 119th birth anniversary was observed on 28 September 2026. |
| Birth | Bhagat Singh was born on 28 September 1907 in Banga, Lyallpur district, Punjab Province of British India, now in Pakistan. |
| Revolutionary organisation | He was associated with the HSRA, which emerged from the reorganisation of the Hindustan Republican Association in 1928. |
| Saunders killing | Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and their associates killed Lahore policeman J.P. Saunders on 17 December 1928 in a case of mistaken identity. |
| Assembly bombing | Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi on 8 April 1929. |
| Political writings | His notable work “Why I am an Atheist” was written during his imprisonment and discussed religion, faith and atheism. |
| Political ideas | His political thought included socialism, equality, secularism and opposition to exploitation and colonial rule. |
| Execution | Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar were hanged in Lahore on 23 March 1931 following the Lahore Conspiracy Case. |
Sports – Daily Current Affairs September 28
2. Which country won the gold medal at the 2026 Chess Olympiad in Samarkand?
A) India
B) Germany
C) Hungary
D) Uzbekistan
E) Ukraine
Answer: D) Uzbekistan.
Event and Location:
- Event: India won the silver medal in the 2026 Chess Olympiad after finishing second with 18 match points and 28.5 game points.
- Location: The Chess Olympiad was held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
- Date: India secured the silver medal after the final round on 27 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: India completed the 11-round competition with a 2-2 draw against Hungary in the final round, while Uzbekistan defeated Ukraine to secure the gold medal.
- Objectives: The competition determined the leading international chess team, with India finishing ahead of Germany on the TB2 tiebreak after both teams ended with equal match points and game points.
Important Terms Explained:
- Match Points: These are points awarded to teams according to their overall results in each team match and are used to determine standings in the competition.
- Game Points: These represent the combined points earned from individual games played by team members across different boards.
- TB2 Tiebreak: It was the tiebreak criterion that placed India ahead of Germany after both teams finished with 18 match points and 28.5 game points.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Tournament | The 2026 Chess Olympiad was held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. |
| Gold medal | Uzbekistan finished first with 20 match points. |
| Silver medal | India finished second with 18 match points and 28.5 game points. |
| Bronze medal | Germany finished third with 18 match points. |
| India’s final-round result | India drew 2-2 with Hungary in the 11th and final round. |
| Key Indian victory | Arjun Erigaisi defeated Peter Leko in the final round. |
| Tiebreak result | India finished ahead of Germany on the TB2 tiebreak after both had equal match points and game points. |
| Recent Indian achievement | India had previously won the open section of the 2024 Chess Olympiad in Budapest for the first time. |
3. Who became the first Indian woman to win a singles squash silver medal at the Asian Games?
A) Joshna Chinappa
B) Dipika Pallikal
C) Tanvi Khanna
D) Anahat Singh
E) Satomi Watanabe
Answer: D) Anahat Singh.
Event and Location:
- Event: Anahat Singh and Abhay Singh won silver medals for India in the women’s and men’s singles squash events respectively at the Asian Games 2026.
- Location: The Asian Games 2026 squash competition was held in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan.
- Date: The singles squash medal results were reported on 28 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Anahat Singh faced Malaysia’s defending champion Sivasangari Subramaniam in the women’s singles final, while Abhay Singh faced Malaysia’s defending champion Ng Eain Yow in the men’s singles final.
- Objectives: The singles competition determined the Asian Games squash medalists and provided the individual winners an opportunity to secure LA 2028 Olympic quota places, subject to prescribed eligibility requirements.
Important Terms Explained:
- LA 2028 Olympic quota: The individual squash winners received an opportunity to obtain quota places for the Los Angeles 2028 Olympic Games, subject to meeting qualification requirements, including the specified PSA world-ranking criterion.
- Professional Squash Association (PSA): The PSA world ranking is used for professional squash players and forms part of the eligibility criteria mentioned for the LA 2028 quota opportunity.
- Mixed doubles squash: It is a squash event featuring a male and a female player as a pair, in which Joshna Chinappa and Velavan Senthilkumar secured a bronze medal for India.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Competition | India secured two singles squash silver medals at the Asian Games 2026 in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan. |
| Women’s silver | Anahat Singh won silver and became the first Indian woman to achieve this result in Asian Games singles squash. |
| Women’s gold | Malaysia’s Sivasangari Subramaniam defeated Anahat Singh 11-4, 11-4, 11-7 in the final. |
| Men’s silver | Abhay Singh won the men’s singles silver medal and became the second Indian to achieve the feat after Saurav Ghosal. |
| Men’s gold | Malaysia’s Ng Eain Yow defeated Abhay Singh 11-9, 11-5, 11-5 in the final. |
| Anahat’s semi-final | Anahat defeated Japan’s Satomi Watanabe 9-11, 11-13, 12-10, 11-6, 11-3 after losing the opening two games. |
| Olympic quota significance | The Malaysian singles winners received an opportunity to secure LA 2028 Olympic quota places, subject to eligibility conditions. |
| India’s mixed doubles medal | Joshna Chinappa and Velavan Senthilkumar secured a bronze medal in the mixed doubles event. |
4. What was India’s overall position at the WorldSkills Shanghai 2026 competition?
A) 8th
B) 9th
C) 10th
D) 11th
E) 13th
Answer: C) 10th.
Event and Location:
- Event: India achieved its best-ever performance at WorldSkills Shanghai 2026, finishing 10th with six silver medals and 20 Medals for Excellence.
- Location: WorldSkills Competition #48 was hosted in Shanghai, China.
- Date: The competitions were held from 23 to 26 September 2026, followed by the closing ceremony on 27 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: India fielded its largest-ever WorldSkills delegation of 70 contestants across 63 skills and secured six silver medals along with 20 Medals for Excellence.
- Objectives: The competition provides an international platform for participants to demonstrate professional and technical skills at world-class standards across traditional, service-oriented, industrial and emerging technology disciplines.
Important Terms Explained:
- WorldSkills Competition: It is a global skills competition where contestants demonstrate professional expertise across technical, vocational, digital, creative and service-oriented disciplines.
- Medals for Excellence: These recognitions are awarded to competitors who demonstrate specified world-class standards of performance in their respective skills.
- Best of Nation: It is a distinction awarded to a country’s standout competitor, with Bakery silver medallist Smriti Nambiar receiving India’s Best of Nation title at Shanghai 2026.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Competition | WorldSkills Competition #48 was hosted in Shanghai, China. |
| India’s position | India finished 10th, improving from 13th at Lyon 2024. |
| Medal performance | India secured six silver medals and 20 Medals for Excellence. |
| Indian delegation | India sent its largest-ever delegation of 70 contestants across 63 skills. |
| Best of Nation | Bakery silver medallist Smriti Nambiar received India’s Best of Nation title. |
| New disciplines | India made its first appearance in 11 emerging skill categories at Shanghai. |
| Global participation | Around 1,400 contestants from more than 70 countries participated in the competition. |
| Performance significance | The 10th-place finish marked India’s best performance to date in the global skills competition. |
5. Who won the silver medal in the women’s 25m pistol individual event at the Asian Games 2026?
A) Manu Bhaker
B) Rahi Sarnobat
C) Esha Singh
D) Xiao Jiaruixuan
E) Kim Hyon Suk
Answer: C) Esha Singh.
Event and Location:
- Event: Esha Singh won the silver medal in the women’s 25m pistol individual event at the Asian Games 2026 after a gold-medal shoot-off against China’s Xiao Jiaruixuan.
- Location: The women’s 25m pistol competition was held in Nagoya, Japan.
- Date: Esha Singh secured the silver medal on 28 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Esha Singh qualified for the final with 580 points and competed through multiple shoot-offs before finishing second to Xiao Jiaruixuan, while North Korea’s Kim Hyon Suk secured bronze.
- Objectives: The women’s 25m pistol event tests competitors across precision and rapid-fire shooting phases, with the top eight shooters from qualification advancing to the individual final.
Important Terms Explained:
- 25m Pistol: It is a shooting event combining precision and rapid-fire phases during qualification, followed by a separate hit-and-miss scoring format in the individual final.
- Shoot-off: It is a tiebreaking procedure used when shooters are level at crucial stages, with Esha Singh participating in multiple shoot-offs during the final.
- Inner Ten (X): It represents a shot landing in the innermost section of the ten-point scoring area and can help distinguish shooters with otherwise identical qualification scores.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event | Esha Singh won silver in the women’s 25m pistol individual event at the Asian Games 2026. |
| Date and location | The medal was secured on 28 September 2026 in Nagoya, Japan. |
| Qualification score | Esha qualified for the final with 580 points and 22 inner tens. |
| Final result | Esha and Xiao Jiaruixuan were tied at 38 points at the end of the regular final before the gold-medal shoot-off. |
| Gold medal | China’s Xiao Jiaruixuan won the gold medal after defeating Esha in the shoot-off. |
| Bronze medal | North Korea’s Kim Hyon Suk secured the bronze medal. |
| Manu Bhaker | Manu Bhaker finished 11th in qualification with 579-18x and did not advance to the individual final. |
| Team result | India finished fifth in the women’s 25m rapid fire pistol team event with a combined score of 1727-56x. |
6. Which Indian athlete broke PT Usha’s 42-year-old national record in the women’s 400m hurdles at the Asian Games 2026?
A) Parul Chaudhary
B) Anu Raghavan
C) Vithya Ramraj
D) Esha Singh
E) Pincky Balhara
Answer: C) Vithya Ramraj.
Event and Location:
- Event: India recorded its most successful day of the Asian Games 2026 so far on Day 9, winning eight medals comprising four silver and four bronze medals.
- Location: The Asian Games 2026 is being held in Aichi-Nagoya, Japan.
- Date: India’s Day 9 medal results were reported on 28 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: India secured eight medals across athletics, shooting and kurash, with Yash Vir Singh, Gulveer Singh, Murali Sreeshankar and Esha Singh winning silver, while Rohit Yadav, Parul Chaudhary, Vithya Ramraj and Pincky Balhara won bronze.
- Objectives: India’s performances contributed to its overall Asian Games medal tally, while athletes also targeted personal bests, national records and advancement in individual and team competitions.
Important Terms Explained:
- National Record: It is the best officially recognised performance achieved by an athlete representing a country in a particular event, with Vithya Ramraj setting a new Indian women’s 400m hurdles record of 54.75 seconds.
- Personal Best: It refers to an athlete’s best performance achieved in a particular event, with Yash Vir Singh recording 85.72m in javelin and Gulveer Singh clocking 3:36.72 in the 1500m.
- Shoot-off: It is a tiebreaking procedure used in shooting when competitors are level, with Esha Singh losing the gold-medal shoot-off 4-3 to China’s Xiao Jiaruixuan.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Day 9 medal haul | India won eight medals, comprising four silver and four bronze medals. |
| Overall medal tally | India reached 38 medals, comprising four gold, 16 silver and 18 bronze medals. |
| Javelin medals | Yash Vir Singh won silver with 85.72m, while Rohit Yadav secured bronze with 84.35m. |
| Other athletics silvers | Gulveer Singh won men’s 1500m silver in 3:36.72, while Murali Sreeshankar won long jump silver with 8.07m. |
| Athletics bronzes | Parul Chaudhary won women’s 5000m bronze, while Vithya Ramraj secured women’s 400m hurdles bronze. |
| National record | Vithya Ramraj clocked 54.75 seconds to break PT Usha’s 42-year-old women’s 400m hurdles national record. |
| Shooting medal | Esha Singh secured silver in the women’s 25m pistol after a shoot-off against China’s Xiao Jiaruixuan. |
| Kurash medal | Pincky Balhara won bronze in the women’s 78 kg kurash event. |
Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 28
7. How many artists were selected for the Lalit Kala Akademi Awards at the 65th National Exhibition of Art?
A) 15
B) 20
C) 25
D) 27
E) 30
Answer: B) 20.
Event and Location:
- Event: The Lalit Kala Akademi announced 20 awards at the 65th National Exhibition of Art, with winners selected from 270 shortlisted artworks.
- Location: The National Exhibition of Art represented artists from 27 States and Union Territories across India.
- Date: The Lalit Kala Akademi Awards for the 65th National Exhibition of Art were announced in September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The Lalit Kala Akademi conducted a two-tier selection process in which the First-Tier Jury selected 270 artworks for exhibition from 6,175 submissions, while the Second-Tier Jury chose 20 artworks for awards.
- Objectives: The National Exhibition of Art aims to promote visual arts, provide a national platform for artists, recognise outstanding works and connect artists with audiences, collectors and cultural organisations.
Important Terms Explained:
- National Exhibition of Art (NEA): It is an annual platform organised by the Lalit Kala Akademi to showcase and recognise visual artworks from across India.
- First-Tier Jury: It was the jury panel responsible for selecting 270 artworks for display at the 65th National Exhibition of Art from the total submissions received.
- Second-Tier Jury: It was the jury panel that selected 20 award-winning artworks from the 270 works shortlisted for exhibition.
- Visual Arts: These encompass creative forms such as painting, sculpture, drawing and printmaking, represented through diverse materials and techniques at the exhibition.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | The Lalit Kala Akademi announced 20 awards at the 65th National Exhibition of Art. |
| Organising institution | The exhibition was organised by the Lalit Kala Akademi, India’s National Academy of Fine Arts. |
| Total submissions | A total of 6,175 artworks were submitted for the 2026 exhibition. |
| Participating artists | The submissions came from 2,495 artists representing 27 States and Union Territories. |
| Shortlisted works | The First-Tier Jury selected 270 artworks for display at the exhibition. |
| Award winners | The Second-Tier Jury selected 20 artworks to receive Lalit Kala Akademi Awards. |
| Art forms | Awarded works represented painting, sculpture, drawing, printmaking and other artistic mediums. |
| Significance | The exhibition provides a national platform for promoting visual arts and recognising artists from across India. |
8. Which three recipients were recognised with the inaugural Cool Leaders Award in 2026?
A) Singapore, India and Dong Mingzhu
B) Singapore, UAE and Dong Mingzhu
C) UAE, China and Singapore
D) Singapore, UNEP and Gree Electric
E) UAE, Japan and Dong Mingzhu
Answer: B) Singapore, UAE and Dong Mingzhu.
Event and Location:
- Event: The inaugural Cool Leaders Award recognised Singapore, the United Arab Emirates and Dong Mingzhu for leadership in sustainable cooling and heat resilience.
- Location: The awards were announced at the Global Cooling Pledge Assembly 2026 in Singapore.
- Date: The Global Cooling Pledge Assembly was held from 15 to 18 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The Cool Leaders Awards were established by the UNEP-led Cool Coalition to recognise leadership in sustainable cooling, including heat resilience, district cooling and ultra-efficient low-carbon cooling technologies.
- Objectives: The initiative aims to promote sustainable cooling solutions, improve protection from heatwaves, enhance energy efficiency and encourage approaches that reduce the climate impact of cooling.
Important Terms Explained:
- Cool Coalition: It is a UNEP-led international multi-stakeholder network established in 2019 to promote sustainable cooling, improve energy efficiency and expand access to cooling while reducing climate impacts.
- Global Cooling Pledge: It is a global commitment launched during COP28 in 2023 by the UAE Presidency and UNEP’s Cool Coalition to reduce the climate impact of cooling and expand access to sustainable cooling.
- District Cooling: It is a cooling approach highlighted through the UAE’s recognition, involving centralised cooling practices designed to support more sustainable and efficient cooling systems.
- Sustainable Cooling: It refers to cooling solutions that expand access to protection from heat while improving energy efficiency and reducing associated emissions and climate impacts.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Award | The inaugural Cool Leaders Award recognised leadership in sustainable cooling and heat resilience. |
| Venue | The awards were announced at the Global Cooling Pledge Assembly 2026 in Singapore. |
| Recipients | Singapore, the United Arab Emirates and Dong Mingzhu were the first three recipients. |
| Singapore’s recognition | Singapore was recognised for heat resilience and sustainable cooling practices in a dense tropical urban environment. |
| UAE’s recognition | The UAE was recognised for district cooling and linking sustainable cooling with international climate and development policy. |
| Dong Mingzhu’s recognition | Dong Mingzhu was recognised for leadership in ultra-efficient and low-carbon cooling technologies. |
| Award term | The Cool Leaders serve for one year and use their experience and recognition to promote sustainable cooling. |
| Global Cooling Pledge goal | The pledge targets a 68% reduction in cooling-related emissions by 2050 and a 50% improvement in air-conditioner energy efficiency by 2030 compared with 2022 levels. |
Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs September 28
9. What is the planned production capacity of India’s first port-based e-methanol facility at Kandla?
A) 50 TPD
B) 100 TPD
C) 150 TPD
D) 200 TPD
E) 250 TPD
Answer: C) 150 TPD.
Event and Location:
- Event: India’s first port-based e-methanol facility is being developed through cooperation between Deendayal Port Authority and Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd with a planned production capacity of 150 tonnes per day.
- Location: The facility is being developed at Kandla in the Kutch district of Gujarat.
- Date: The development was reported in September 2026, following earlier project-related developments during 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Deendayal Port Authority will provide port-side infrastructure such as pipeline connectivity and fuel-handling facilities, while Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd will establish the e-methanol production unit in two phases.
- Objectives: The project aims to create an integrated green-fuel ecosystem at Kandla, provide an alternative marine fuel for international shipping and support the transition towards cleaner maritime operations.
Important Terms Explained:
- E-Methanol: E-methanol, or electro-methanol, is produced using green hydrogen and captured CO₂, with renewable electricity powering the production process, and can serve as an alternative fuel for suitable ships and industrial applications.
- Methanol Bunkering: It refers to the process and infrastructure used to transfer methanol fuel to ships, with Kandla conducting a shore-to-ship methanol-bunkering demonstration in April 2026.
- Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO): The project envisages the availability of RFNBO-compatible e-methanol at Kandla to support deep-sea dual-fuel vessels operating on international shipping routes.
- Green Hydrogen Hub: Deendayal Port has been designated for development as a Green Hydrogen Hub under the National Green Hydrogen Mission, supporting green hydrogen and related clean-fuel projects.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Project | India’s first port-based e-methanol production facility is being developed at Kandla. |
| Project partners | Deendayal Port Authority and Assam Petro-Chemicals Ltd are collaborating on the project. |
| Planned capacity | The facility will have a total planned production capacity of 150 TPD. |
| Project phases | Phase I will have 50 TPD capacity, followed by an additional 100 TPD under Phase II. |
| Planned investment | The project information states a total planned investment of ₹2,300 crore. |
| Investment ratio | The investment ratio between DPA and APCL is planned at 76:24. |
| Infrastructure roles | DPA will provide port-side infrastructure, while APCL will establish the production facility. |
| Strategic significance | The facility is intended to support cleaner marine fuels, green shipping and international maritime operations. |
Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 28
10. What is the theme of Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 being conducted at Jodhpur?
A) Unity Through Air Power
B) Power in Partnership
C) Wings of Cooperation
D) Strength Through Unity
E) Air Power for Peace
Answer: B) Power in Partnership.
Event and Location:
- Event: The Indian Air Force began Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026, a multinational air exercise involving the IAF and air forces of seven friendly foreign countries under the theme “Power in Partnership.”
- Location: The exercise is being conducted at Air Force Station Jodhpur in Rajasthan, India.
- Date: Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 is being conducted from 26 September to 12 October 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The exercise brings together the Indian Air Force and air forces from Australia, the United States, the United Arab Emirates, France, Germany, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh for joint flying, operational activities and professional interactions.
- Objectives: The exercise aims to enhance interoperability among participating air forces, improve understanding of operational procedures, facilitate experience-sharing and strengthen cooperation in mission planning, aerospace safety and joint air operations.
Important Terms Explained:
- Exercise Tarang Shakti: It is a multinational air exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force, with the 2026 edition being the second iteration following the inaugural exercise in 2024.
- Interoperability: It refers to the ability of different military forces, personnel and systems to operate effectively and coordinate with one another during joint missions.
- F-35 Lightning II: It is a fifth-generation stealth fighter participating in Tarang Shakti 2026, marking the first time that the Indian Air Force is exercising with the F-35.
- Aerial Refuelling: It refers to transferring fuel from one aircraft to another during flight, enabling aircraft to extend their operational range and endurance.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Exercise name | Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 is a multinational air exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force. |
| Venue | The exercise is being conducted at Air Force Station Jodhpur, Rajasthan. |
| Duration | The exercise runs from 26 September to 12 October 2026. |
| Theme | The theme of the exercise is “Power in Partnership.” |
| Foreign participants | Australia, the United States, the UAE, France, Germany, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are participating with their air forces. |
| Major aircraft | Participating foreign platforms include F-35 Lightning II, Rafale, F-16, A400M, MRTT, C-130, C-130J and KC-30A aircraft. |
| Key objective | The exercise focuses on interoperability, joint operations, mission planning, aerospace safety and professional exchanges. |
| Special significance | Tarang Shakti 2026 marks the first time that the Indian Air Force is exercising with the F-35. |
11. Which Indian Army regiment forms the main component of the Indian contingent participating in KAZIND-2026?
A) Rajputana Rifles
B) Garhwal Rifles
C) Sikh Regiment
D) Gorkha Rifles
E) Kumaon Regiment
Answer: B) Garhwal Rifles.
Event and Location:
- Event: The ninth edition of KAZIND-2026, the India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise, began with a 60-member Indian contingent participating in joint counter-terrorism training.
- Location: The exercise is being conducted at Oskemen in Kazakhstan.
- Date: KAZIND-2026 is scheduled from 28 September to 11 October 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The Indian contingent, primarily comprising personnel from a battalion of the Garhwal Rifles along with personnel from other Army arms and services and the Indian Air Force, will undertake joint operational training with Kazakhstan’s forces.
- Objectives: The exercise aims to enhance interoperability and joint counter-terrorism capabilities in semi-urban and mountainous environments under a UN mandate while facilitating the exchange of tactics, techniques and operational experience.
Important Terms Explained:
- KAZIND: It is the India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise focused on interoperability and counter-terrorism cooperation, with the 2026 edition being its ninth iteration.
- Special Heliborne Operations: These are military operations involving the deployment and movement of personnel by helicopters for rapid access to operational areas.
- UAV Operations: These involve the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for functions such as surveillance, reconnaissance and operational support during military missions.
- Joint Command Post: It is a coordinated command facility through which participating forces undertake joint planning, information-sharing and implementation of operations.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Exercise name | KAZIND-2026 is the ninth edition of the India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise. |
| Venue | The exercise is being conducted at Oskemen, Kazakhstan. |
| Duration | KAZIND-2026 is scheduled from 28 September to 11 October 2026. |
| Indian contingent | India has deployed a 60-member contingent comprising mainly Garhwal Rifles personnel along with other Army and Indian Air Force personnel. |
| Operational focus | The exercise focuses on joint counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under a UN mandate. |
| Training activities | Training covers raids, search-and-destroy missions, cordon-and-search operations, air mobility, heliborne operations and UAV and anti-UAV operations. |
| Joint infrastructure | A Joint Command Post and an Intelligence Surveillance Centre will support planning, information-sharing and coordinated operations. |
| Final activity | The exercise will conclude with a validation exercise involving a simulated terrorist threat and application of jointly learned tactics, techniques and procedures. |
Schemes – Daily Current Affairs September 28
12. Which department launched the Livestock Insurance Portal in New Delhi on 28 September 2026?
A) Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
B) Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying
C) Department of Rural Development
D) Department of Financial Services
E) Department of Fisheries
Answer: B) Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
Event and Location:
- Event: The Livestock Insurance Portal was launched to provide livestock insurance services through a single digital platform covering policy issuance, claims, monitoring and reporting.
- Location: The portal was launched in New Delhi, India.
- Date: The Livestock Insurance Portal was launched on 28 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying launched the portal through Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh to integrate livestock insurance policy issuance, claim processing and tracking, monitoring, reporting and insurance-related information.
- Objectives: The portal aims to digitise livestock insurance services, improve coordination among stakeholders, enable data-based monitoring and protect farmers against financial losses arising from the death of insured animals.
Important Terms Explained:
- National Livestock Mission (NLM): The Livestock Insurance activity is covered under the Sub-Mission on Research & Development, Livestock Insurance, Extension, and Innovation of NLM to promote livestock insurance and protect farmers against financial losses.
- Cattle Unit: For the insurance component, one cattle unit is equivalent to 10 small animals such as sheep, goats, pigs and rabbits.
- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID): RFID has been approved as an additional method for identifying animals covered under the livestock insurance scheme.
- Premium Sharing: Under the current provision, the beneficiary bears 15% of the insurance premium, while the government supports the remaining 85%.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Key initiative | The Livestock Insurance Portal was launched as a single digital platform for livestock insurance services. |
| Launch date and place | The portal was launched on 28 September 2026 in New Delhi. |
| Launching authority | The Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying launched the portal through Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh. |
| Portal services | It integrates policy issuance, claim processing and tracking, monitoring, reporting and online insurance information. |
| Language availability | The portal is available in Hindi, English and 11 regional languages. |
| Premium sharing | Beneficiaries bear 15% of the insurance premium, while the government supports 85%. |
| Insurance limit | Subsidy entitlement covers up to 10 cattle units per beneficiary family, while the limit for pigs and rabbits remains five cattle units. |
| Implementation and identification | The insurance component is implemented across all districts, and RFID has been approved as an additional animal identification method. |
13. Under the Thaaimaman Thanga Mothiram Scheme, what is provided to eligible newborns in Tamil Nadu government hospitals?
A) One-gram 22-carat gold ring
B) Two-gram 24-carat gold ring
C) ₹10,000 cash assistance
D) One-gram silver ring
E) Gold savings certificate
Answer: A) One-gram 22-carat gold ring.
Event and Location:
- Event: Tamil Nadu introduced the Thaaimaman Thanga Mothiram Thittam, or Maternal Uncle Gold Ring Scheme, to provide eligible newborns with a one-gram, 22-carat gold ring.
- Location: The scheme was launched in Madurai and applies to eligible births in government hospitals across Tamil Nadu.
- Date: The scheme was launched on 28 September 2026, with eligibility extended retrospectively to babies born from 22 June 2026 onwards.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Under the scheme, eligible babies born in Tamil Nadu government hospitals receive a one-gram, 22-carat gold ring, subject to requirements including the mother’s Tamil Nadu residency, PICME enrolment and possession of the requisite RCH ID.
- Objectives: The scheme aims to encourage institutional deliveries, strengthen public confidence in government hospitals and support Tamil Nadu’s maternal and child healthcare objectives while reflecting the cultural tradition of Thaaimaman Seer.
Important Terms Explained:
- Thaaimaman Seer: It refers to the Tamil cultural tradition in which a maternal uncle, known as Thaaimaman, presents gifts to a newborn baby.
- PICME: It is the pregnancy and infant health tracking programme through which eligible mothers must be enrolled to receive benefits under the scheme.
- RCH ID: It is the identification associated with reproductive and child health tracking and is required for beneficiaries under the scheme.
- Institutional Delivery: It refers to childbirth taking place in a recognised healthcare institution, with the scheme specifically encouraging deliveries in government hospitals.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Scheme name | Thaaimaman Thanga Mothiram Thittam, also called the Maternal Uncle Gold Ring Scheme. |
| Launch date and place | The scheme was launched in Madurai on 28 September 2026. |
| Eligibility date | Babies born in Tamil Nadu government hospitals from 22 June 2026 onwards are eligible subject to prescribed conditions. |
| Benefit | Each eligible newborn receives a one-gram, 22-carat gold ring. |
| Annual allocation | The scheme has an annual allocation of ₹755.83 crore. |
| Annual target | Around 4.41 lakh one-gram gold rings are intended to be supplied annually. |
| Initial procurement | The Tamil Nadu government initially procured 1.28 lakh gold rings for implementation. |
| Identification and security | Each ring carries a unique serial number and is supplied in tamper-proof packaging. |
National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 28
14. What percentage of diesel consumption can be replaced by LNG in India’s first LNG-diesel dual-fuel train?
A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%
E) 60%
Answer: C) 40%.
Event and Location:
- Event: India’s first LNG-powered train was flagged off with an LNG-diesel dual-fuel system designed to reduce diesel consumption and fuel costs.
- Location: The train was flagged off from Sabarmati Railway Station in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, and has reportedly been operating between Sabarmati and Mahesana Junction.
- Date: The train was flagged off on 27 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah flagged off the train, whose two 1,400 HP Driving Power Cars were converted to operate using both LNG and diesel.
- Objectives: The initiative aims to replace up to 40% of diesel consumption with LNG, lower fuel expenditure, reduce emissions and promote cleaner alternative-fuel technologies in Indian Railways.
Important Terms Explained:
- Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): LNG is natural gas cooled to approximately −162°C, converting it into liquid form for easier storage and transportation.
- Dual-fuel LNG-diesel system: It is a system that enables the train’s modified Driving Power Cars to use both LNG and diesel, allowing continued operation even when LNG is unavailable.
- Driving Power Car (DPC): It is the powered unit used to propel the train, with two 1,400 HP DPCs converted for LNG-diesel dual-fuel operation under this project.
- Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): CNG is natural gas stored under high pressure and differs from LNG, which is natural gas converted into liquid form through extreme cooling.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Key development | India’s first LNG-powered train was flagged off from Sabarmati Railway Station on 27 September 2026. |
| Flagged off by | Union Home and Cooperation Minister Amit Shah flagged off the train. |
| Fuel system | The train uses an LNG-diesel dual-fuel system capable of replacing up to 40% of diesel consumption. |
| Power configuration | Two Driving Power Cars of 1,400 HP each were converted for dual-fuel operation. |
| Field trials | The train covered more than 2,000 kilometres during field trials before introduction. |
| LNG capacity | Each DPC has an LNG tank capacity of approximately 2,200 litres, with around 950–1,000 kg of usable LNG per tank. |
| Estimated savings | Indian Railways estimated annual savings of about ₹11.9 lakh per DPC and approximately ₹23.9 lakh for an eight-coach rake. |
| Environmental significance | The system is expected to reduce CO₂, NOx and particulate matter emissions while supporting alternative-fuel railway operations. |
15. Which two organisations reached an understanding that led to the deferment of the proposed nationwide bank strike from September 28 to 30, 2026?
A) RBI and SBI
B) IBA and UFBU
C) RBI and UFBU
D) IBA and NABARD
E) DFS and RBI
Answer: B) IBA and UFBU.
Event and Location:
- Event: The proposed three-day nationwide bank strike was deferred after the Indian Banks’ Association (IBA) and United Forum of Bank Unions (UFBU) reached an understanding on pending demands.
- Location: The proposed strike and related banking issues had nationwide coverage across India.
- Date: The understanding was reached on 27 September 2026, while the proposed strike was scheduled from 28 to 30 September 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: IBA and UFBU agreed to constitute a high-level committee to examine the demand for declaring the remaining Saturdays as bank holidays, while continuing discussions on PLI and other pending issues.
- Objectives: The discussions aim to examine the demand for a five-day banking week, consider alternative proposals, address pending employee-related issues and arrive at a solution that also protects customer interests.
Important Terms Explained:
- Five-day banking week: It refers to the unions’ demand for banks to operate for five working days per week, with the remaining Saturdays being declared bank holidays.
- Performance Linked Incentive (PLI): The discussions include the PLI scheme applicable to Scale IV and above officers, which forms part of the pending issues between the banking organisations and unions.
- National Pension Scheme (NPS): It is the pension system mentioned in the unions’ demand seeking an option for enrolled employees to switch to the Old Pension Scheme.
- Old Pension Scheme (OPS): It is the pension arrangement to which unions have sought an option for eligible employees currently enrolled under NPS to switch.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Key development | The proposed nationwide bank strike from 28 to 30 September 2026 was deferred. |
| Organisations involved | IBA and UFBU reached an understanding following discussions on 27 September 2026. |
| Main demand | The principal demand was the introduction of a five-day banking week by declaring the remaining Saturdays as bank holidays. |
| High-level committee | A committee comprising members of IBA and UFBU will examine the demand concerning Saturday holidays. |
| PLI issue | Further discussions will be held regarding the PLI scheme for Scale IV and above officers. |
| Other demands | Pension improvements, a common dearness allowance rate formula for pensioners and an NPS-to-OPS option were among the demands raised. |
| Pending matters | Residual issues recorded in the minutes dated 8 March 2024 will also be considered. |
| Bank operations | With the strike deferred, normal banking activities were expected to continue from 28 to 30 September 2026, subject to individual bank notices. |
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