Daily Current Affairs September 22

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs September 22. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

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September 22 | Daily Current Affairs 2026

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 22

1. What was the theme of World Rhino Day 2026 observed on 22 September 2026?
A) Protect the Rhinos
B) Keep the Five Alive
C) Save Wildlife Together
D) Rhinos for the Future
E) Protect Nature and Wildlife
Answer: B) Keep the Five Alive.

Event and Location:

• Event: World Rhino Day 2026 was observed to raise global awareness about conserving the world’s five surviving rhinoceros species.
• Location: The observance was global, with India and Nepal particularly significant for the conservation of the Greater One-Horned Rhino.
• Date: 22 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The observance highlighted conservation efforts for all five rhino species and threats including poaching, illegal rhino-horn trade, habitat loss, and habitat degradation.
• Objectives: It aimed to secure viable rhino populations and habitats over the long term while strengthening global awareness and conservation action.

Important Terms Explained:

• Keep the Five Alive: The official theme for World Rhino Day 2026, referring to the protection and long-term survival of all five existing rhino species.
• Greater One-Horned Rhino: A rhinoceros species scientifically known as Rhinoceros unicornis, found mainly in India and Nepal and classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.
• State of the Rhino 2026: A report released by the International Rhino Foundation that estimated the global rhino population at approximately 26,700 and provided population trends for different species.
• Ecosystem Engineers: Species that modify their surroundings through activities such as grazing, movement, and wallowing, thereby influencing habitats used by other organisms.
• Poaching: The illegal hunting or killing of wildlife, which remains one of the major threats to rhinoceros populations because of demand for rhino horn.

Tabular Summary:

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2. What is the theme of the 11th Ayurveda Day 2026 observed on 23 September 2026?
A) Ayurveda for Global Wellness
B) Ayurveda for a Healthier Tomorrow
C) Ayurveda for One Health
D) Ayurveda for Sustainable Living
E) Ayurveda for Preventive Healthcare
Answer: B) Ayurveda for a Healthier Tomorrow.

Event and Location:

• Event: India observed the 11th Ayurveda Day to promote the country’s traditional healthcare system and its integration with research, public health, education, insurance, and digital healthcare.
• Location: India, with national-level observance and international outreach through Ayush initiatives.
• Date: 23 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The observance highlights expansion of Ayurveda through the National Ayush Mission, healthcare infrastructure, scientific research, telemedicine, insurance coverage, education, international cooperation, and medicine standards.
• Objectives: It aims to promote Ayurveda as part of an integrated healthcare ecosystem while expanding accessibility, evidence-based research, standardisation, education, and global cooperation in traditional medicine.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Ayush Mission (NAM): A government programme supporting the expansion and strengthening of Ayush healthcare services, institutions, infrastructure, and education across States and Union Territories.
• Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (Ayush): Primary-level healthcare facilities delivering Ayurveda and other Ayush services, with 12,260 such centres functional as of 19 September 2026 against a target of 12,500.
• eSanjeevani: The government’s telemedicine platform that includes Ayush OPD services and enables patients to consult Ayurveda and other Ayush practitioners remotely.
• ICD-11: The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision, which includes standardised coding for Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani diagnoses.
• AYURGYAN Scheme: A research-support scheme launched in 2021-22 to promote research and development in traditional medicine.
• SPARK: The Studentship Programme for Ayurveda Research Ken, which promotes research aptitude among undergraduate Ayurveda students through short-term research projects.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs September 22

3. By how many runs did India defeat Sri Lanka to win the Asian Games 2026 women’s cricket gold medal?
A) 97 runs
B) 112 runs
C) 125 runs
D) 147 runs
E) 156 runs
Answer: D) 147 runs.

Event and Location:

• Event: India won the Asian Games 2026 women’s cricket gold medal by defeating Sri Lanka by 147 runs in the final.
• Location: Korogi Sports Park, Nisshin.
• Date: 22 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India posted 216/3 in 20 overs after batting first and then bowled Sri Lanka out for 69 in 15.4 overs in the gold-medal match.
• Objectives: The victory secured India’s first gold medal of the Asian Games 2026 and allowed the women’s cricket team to retain the title it had won at the 2023 Asian Games.

Important Terms Explained:

• Twenty20 International (T20I): An international cricket format in which each team is normally permitted a maximum of 20 overs per innings.
• Olympic Council of Asia (OCA): The continental sports body responsible for organising the Asian Games and promoting Olympic sports across Asia.
• Winning Margin by Runs: The difference between the winning team’s total and the losing team’s total when the team batting first wins, with India’s 147-run margin being its largest in Women’s T20Is.
• Gold-Medal Match: The final contest of a sporting event that determines the champion and recipient of the gold medal.

Tabular Summary:

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4. How many international wickets did Mark Wood take during his 11-year career for England?
A) 219
B) 231
C) 245
D) 253
E) 267
Answer: D) 253.

Event and Location:

• Event: England fast bowler Mark Wood announced his retirement from international cricket after an 11-year career spanning Tests, ODIs and T20Is.
• Location: England.
• Date: 22 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Wood retired from international cricket at the age of 36 after recurring knee injury problems, ending a career in which he played 146 matches and took 253 wickets across all three formats.
• Objectives: The retirement ends Wood’s international commitments while allowing him to continue playing domestic cricket for Durham and participate in franchise leagues.

Important Terms Explained:

• The Ashes: The historic Test cricket series contested between England and Australia, with Wood’s final international appearance coming during the 2025-26 series.
• One Day International (ODI): An international limited-overs cricket format in which each team normally plays up to 50 overs, with Wood taking 80 wickets in 70 matches.
• Twenty20 International (T20I): An international cricket format in which each team normally plays a maximum of 20 overs, with Wood taking 54 wickets in 38 matches.
• Franchise Cricket: Professional cricket competitions in which privately operated teams contract players for domestic or international T20 leagues outside national-team cricket.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs September 22

5. Which approach has the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) adopted under the Basel III Market Risk Directions 2026 for calculating commercial banks’ market risk capital requirements?
A) Internal Ratings-Based Approach
B) Simplified Standardised Approach
C) Advanced Measurement Approach
D) Basic Indicator Approach
E) Standardised Credit Risk Approach
Answer: B) Simplified Standardised Approach.

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI issued the Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Minimum Capital Requirements for Market Risk) Directions, 2026, introducing revised capital requirements for market risk.
• Location: The Directions apply to commercial banks in India.
• Date: The revised framework will take effect from 1 April 2027.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Directions adopt the Simplified Standardised Approach (SSA) and revise the treatment of trading-book exposures, foreign exchange risk, interest-rate risk, debt mutual funds, ETFs, and positions hedged through credit derivatives.
• Objectives: The framework aims to align India’s market-risk capital rules with revised Basel III standards while improving risk sensitivity, regulatory simplicity, implementation flexibility, and banks’ resilience against market-related losses.

Important Terms Explained:

• Market Risk: The risk of financial losses arising from adverse movements in variables such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, and other market prices.
• Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS): The international standard-setting body that develops global principles and standards for banking regulation, supervision, and risk management.
• Held for Trading (HFT): An accounting sub-classification covering financial instruments held primarily for trading purposes and forming an identifiable trading book under RBI’s Investment Directions.
• Net Open Position (NOP): A bank’s net exposure to foreign currencies after considering its assets, liabilities, and other foreign exchange positions.
• Total Return Swap (TRS): A credit derivative contract through which the total economic return of an underlying asset is transferred between counterparties without necessarily transferring ownership of that asset.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 22

6. Who has taken additional charge as Chairperson of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) from 13 September 2026?
A) Ravi Mital
B) Jayanti Prasad
C) M. S. Sahoo
D) Ajay Tyagi
E) Rajesh Sharma
Answer: B) Jayanti Prasad.

Event and Location:

• Event: Jayanti Prasad, a Whole-Time Member of IBBI, assumed additional charge as Chairperson following the retirement of Ravi Mital.
• Location: India.
• Date: 13 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Jayanti Prasad will discharge the responsibilities of IBBI Chairperson in addition to his existing role as Whole-Time Member until 20 November 2026, the appointment of a new Chairperson, or further orders, whichever occurs first.
• Objectives: The arrangement aims to ensure leadership continuity in the regulation and functioning of India’s insolvency and bankruptcy framework following Ravi Mital’s retirement.

Important Terms Explained:

• Whole-Time Member: A full-time member of a regulatory body who participates in its administration, supervision, policy implementation, and decision-making functions.
• Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016: India’s consolidated legal framework providing a time-bound and market-linked mechanism for resolving insolvency involving companies, partnership firms, and individuals.
• Insolvency Resolution: A structured process for addressing the financial distress of a debtor by attempting to reorganise or resolve its obligations while preserving economic value.
• Stressed Assets: Loans or financial assets facing repayment difficulties or exhibiting signs of financial distress and potential default.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs September 22

7. Until what date have ISRO and ESA extended their Cooperative Agreement on space collaboration?
A) 8 January 2029
B) 8 January 2030
C) 8 January 2031
D) 8 January 2032
E) 8 January 2035
Answer: D) 8 January 2032.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Indian Space Research Organisation and European Space Agency extended their long-standing Cooperative Agreement to strengthen collaboration in space exploration, research and sustainable space activities.
• Location: Paris, France, during the International Space Summit.
• Date: The extension was formalised on 10 September 2026 and will remain valid until 8 January 2032.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The renewed framework covers human and robotic exploration, Earth observation, space weather, navigation, space science, mission support and sustainable outer space activities.
• Objectives: The agreement aims to provide long-term continuity for India-Europe space cooperation and expand joint work in scientific research, exploration, satellite applications and responsible use of outer space.

Important Terms Explained:

• Space Weather: Conditions in the space environment, largely influenced by solar activity, that can affect satellites, communications, navigation systems and power grids.
• Earth Observation: The collection of information about Earth using satellites for applications such as weather monitoring, agriculture, mapping, disaster management and environmental studies.
• Calibration and Validation: Processes used to ensure that satellite instruments and their observations are accurate, consistent and scientifically reliable.
• Human Space Exploration: Space missions involving astronauts travelling beyond Earth, as distinct from uncrewed robotic exploration missions.
• Sustainable Outer Space Activities: Practices aimed at ensuring the safe, responsible and long-term use of outer space amid increasing numbers of satellites and missions.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 22

8. The 18th edition of Nomadic Elephant 2026, a bilateral military exercise between India and Mongolia, began at which location?
A) Leh, Ladakh
B) Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand
C) Tawang, Arunachal Pradesh
D) Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
E) Dehradun, Uttarakhand
Answer: B) Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand.

Event and Location:

• Event: Nomadic Elephant 2026, the 18th edition of the annual bilateral military exercise between India and Mongolia, commenced with participation from the Indian Army and Mongolian Armed Forces.
• Location: Foreign Training Node, Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India.
• Date: The exercise began on 21 September 2026 and will continue until 3 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The platoon-level exercise involves 45 troops each from the Indian Army and Mongolian Armed Forces undertaking counter-insurgency drills, tactical operations, heliborne activities, drone operations, counter-drone training, and cyber security exercises under a United Nations mandate.
• Objectives: The exercise aims to enhance interoperability, tactical coordination, joint operational capability, and the exchange of best practices for counter-insurgency operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain.

Important Terms Explained:

• Counter-Insurgency Operations: Military and security operations conducted to counter organised insurgent activities while restoring security and stability in affected areas.
• Interoperability: The ability of military forces from different countries to operate together effectively through coordinated procedures, communication, and tactical methods.
• Special Heliborne Operations: Military operations in which troops are transported or deployed by helicopters to conduct missions in difficult or strategically important areas.
• Counter-Drone Systems: Technologies and operational measures used to detect, track, disrupt, or neutralise hostile unmanned aerial systems.
• Cordon and Search Operations: Security operations in which an area is isolated to prevent movement while forces systematically search for suspects, weapons, or other threats.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which air force will host the second edition of Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 in Jodhpur, Rajasthan?
A) Indian Air Force
B) Royal Australian Air Force
C) French Air and Space Force
D) Japan Air Self-Defense Force
E) United States Air Force
Answer: A) Indian Air Force.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Indian Air Force will host the second edition of Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 as a multinational air exercise involving joint aerial operations and tactical training.
• Location: Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
• Date: The exercise is expected to be held from 26 September to 12 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The exercise will bring together air forces from multiple countries for complex aerial missions, joint tactical manoeuvres, mission planning, operational exchanges, and coordinated flying activities.
• Objectives: The exercise aims to enhance interoperability, tactical coordination, multinational operational capability, and the exchange of operational experience among participating air forces.

Important Terms Explained:

• Interoperability: The ability of armed forces from different countries to operate together effectively despite differences in aircraft, procedures, systems, and operational doctrines.
• Joint Aerial Operations: Coordinated air missions conducted by aircraft and personnel from multiple participating forces to achieve common operational and training objectives.
• Tactical Coordination: The organised planning and execution of military actions among participating units to improve effectiveness during operational missions.
• Veer Guardian: A bilateral air combat exercise between India and Japan, with its 2026 edition conducted at Jodhpur before Tarang Shakti 2026.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 22

10. What does P4M stand for in the summit co-sponsored by India on the sidelines of the 81st United Nations General Assembly?
A) Partnership for Multilateral Peace and Markets
B) Partners for Multilateralism, International Law, Peace and Prosperity
C) Platform for Multilateral Markets and Prosperity
D) Partnership for Modern International Peace
E) Programme for Multilateral Institutions and Prosperity
Answer: B) Partners for Multilateralism, International Law, Peace and Prosperity.

Event and Location:

• Event: India co-sponsored the inaugural Partners for Multilateralism, International Law, Peace and Prosperity Summit, where External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar advocated reforms to strengthen multilateral cooperation.
• Location: United Nations, New York, United States, on the sidelines of the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly.
• Date: 21 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The summit brought together countries and regional partners to promote dialogue, coalition-building, international law, institutional reform, and practical cooperation on global challenges.
• Objectives: The initiative seeks to make multilateral institutions more effective, representative, inclusive, and fit for purpose while strengthening cooperation on peace, development, climate action, emerging technologies, finance, health, and resilient supply chains.

Important Terms Explained:

• Reformed Multilateralism: An approach advocating changes to international institutions and decision-making processes to make them more representative, participatory, transparent, and responsive to contemporary global realities.
• 4F Crisis: A term used for interconnected challenges involving Fuel, Food, Fertiliser, and Finance.
• De-risking and Diversification: Measures aimed at reducing excessive dependence on vulnerable supply chains, markets, or chokepoints by developing alternative sources and networks.
• UN80: An initiative associated with efforts to review, strengthen, and modernise the United Nations system as it marks 80 years since its establishment.
• UN Charter: The founding treaty of the United Nations that sets out its purposes, principles, institutional structure, and framework for international cooperation.

Tabular Summary:

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11. When will the India-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (FTA) come into effect?
A) 27 April 2026
B) 1 September 2026
C) 20 October 2026
D) 1 January 2027
E) 20 November 2026
Answer: C) 20 October 2026.

Event and Location:

• Event: India and New Zealand completed the required domestic processes for their Free Trade Agreement, which will provide duty-free access to Indian exports across 100% of New Zealand’s tariff lines from its commencement.
• Location: India and New Zealand.
• Date: The FTA will enter into force on 20 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The agreement covers trade in goods, services, investment, skilled mobility, and education while providing safeguards for sensitive Indian agricultural sectors.
• Objectives: The agreement aims to expand bilateral trade and investment, improve market access for exporters and MSMEs, facilitate professional mobility, and enhance the competitiveness of Indian products in New Zealand.

Important Terms Explained:

• Duty-Free Access: Market access under which eligible imported goods are exempted from customs duties, with New Zealand providing such access to Indian exports across all tariff lines from the FTA’s commencement.
• Tariff Rate Quota: A trade mechanism under which a specified quantity of imports receives a lower tariff, while imports exceeding that limit may face a higher tariff.
• Minimum Import Price: A trade condition requiring specified imported goods to enter the domestic market at or above a prescribed minimum price.
• Agriculture Productivity Partnership: A cooperation mechanism proposed under the agreement to support agricultural productivity, technology adoption, post-harvest management, and farmers’ incomes.
• Working Holiday Visa: A visa arrangement allowing eligible young people to temporarily stay in another country while undertaking limited employment, with 1,000 such visas annually provided for Indian youth.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs September 22

12. Which institution plans to launch India’s maiden Blue Bond issue on 28 September 2026?
A) SIDBI
B) NABARD
C) Sagarmala Finance Corporation
D) EXIM Bank
E) IIFCL
Answer: C) Sagarmala Finance Corporation.

Event and Location:

• Event: Sagarmala Finance Corporation plans to launch India’s first blue bond issue to raise ₹600 crore through 10-year bonds for maritime and sustainable infrastructure financing.
• Location: India, with proposed financing focused on maritime infrastructure such as greenfield ports and coastal road projects.
• Date: The bond issue is scheduled for 28 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The proposed issuance will raise long-term funds for lending to the maritime sector, including greenfield port development, coastal roads, and other water-linked sustainable infrastructure projects.
• Objectives: The fund-raising aims to create a dedicated financing avenue for sustainable maritime infrastructure while expanding the use of thematic bonds in India’s capital market.

Important Terms Explained:

• Blue Bond: A debt instrument used to raise funds specifically for projects associated with sustainable use, protection, or development of marine and water resources.
• Greenshoe Option: A provision that allows an issuer to raise additional funds beyond the base issue size when investor demand is strong.
• Coupon: The interest rate paid periodically by a bond issuer to investors over the life of the bond.
• Greenfield Port: A new port developed from the ground up at a previously undeveloped location rather than through expansion of an existing facility.
• Bond Maturity: The period after which the bond issuer must repay the principal amount to investors, which is 10 years for the proposed issue.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 22

13. Where will Starbucks establish its first Global Capability Centre in India?
A) Bengaluru
B) Hyderabad
C) Chennai
D) Pune
E) Gurugram
Answer: C) Chennai.

Event and Location:

• Event: Starbucks Coffee signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Tamil Nadu government to establish its first Global Capability Centre in India.
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
• Date: 22 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The proposed Chennai technology hub will support Starbucks’ global operations through high-value functions such as technology, software development, finance, product development, and research.
• Objectives: The project aims to expand Starbucks’ global technology capabilities, create around 800 high-value technology jobs in its first phase, and strengthen Chennai’s position as a destination for global capability investments.

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Capability Centre (GCC): A specialised offshore or operational centre established by a multinational company to support global functions such as technology, finance, analytics, research, and business operations.
• Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): A formal agreement expressing the intentions and areas of cooperation between two or more parties.
• Guidance Tamil Nadu: The Tamil Nadu government’s investment promotion agency that facilitates investments and supports businesses establishing operations in the state.
• Digital Transformation: The use of digital technologies to improve business processes, products, services, and operational efficiency.
• Employee Attrition: The reduction in workforce when employees leave an organisation and are not immediately replaced.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Under which constitutional provision was the Inter-State Council (Amendment) Order, 2026 issued?
A) Article 256
B) Article 263
C) Article 280
D) Article 324
E) Article 356
Answer: B) Article 263.

Event and Location:

• Event: President Droupadi Murmu amended the Inter-State Council Order, 1990, to specify conditions for participation of Governors and Lieutenant Governors in Inter-State Council meetings.
• Location: The amendment applies to States and specified Union Territories of India.
• Date: The Ministry of Home Affairs issued the amendment order on 9 September 2026, with effect from the date of issue.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The amended order provides four circumstances in which the concerned Governor or Lieutenant Governor may be invited to an Inter-State Council meeting when specified constitutional or statutory provisions are in operation.
• Objectives: The amendment aims to clarify representation in Inter-State Council meetings during specified constitutional arrangements affecting a State, Delhi, Puducherry, or Jammu and Kashmir.

Important Terms Explained:

• Inter-State Council: A constitutional forum provided under Article 263 of the Constitution for discussing and coordinating matters relating to Union-State and inter-State relations.
• Article 356: A constitutional provision under which the President may issue a proclamation when the government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with the Constitution.
• Article 239AB: A constitutional provision concerning failure of constitutional machinery in the National Capital Territory of Delhi.
• Government of Union Territories Act, 1963: The law governing specified aspects of Union Territories, with Section 51 referred to for the relevant arrangement concerning Puducherry.
• Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019: The law that reorganised the former State of Jammu and Kashmir, with Section 73 referred to for the specified arrangement concerning the Union Territory.

Tabular Summary:

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15. How many flowering plant species were documented in the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve in the comprehensive checklist published in September 2026?
A) 2,945
B) 3,018
C) 3,261
D) 3,472
E) 3,625
Answer: C) 3,261.

Event and Location:

• Event: A comprehensive checklist documented 3,261 flowering plant species, including 1,018 endemic taxa, in the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve.
• Location: Southern Western Ghats across Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
• Date: September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Researchers from the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute compiled a comprehensive inventory covering flowering plant species, subspecies, varieties, genera, families, and endemic taxa in the reserve.
• Objectives: The study aims to provide baseline biodiversity information for monitoring plant diversity, identifying vulnerable taxa, restoring habitats, and strengthening conservation planning in the southern Western Ghats.

Important Terms Explained:

• Endemism: The condition in which a species or taxon occurs naturally only within a particular geographical region, with 1,018 endemic taxa recorded in the reserve.
• Steno-endemic Taxa: Plants having an extremely restricted geographical distribution, making them particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and environmental change.
• Fabaceae: The legume or pea family, which emerged as the most species-rich plant family in the reserve with 349 taxa.
• Ex-situ Conservation: Conservation of threatened plants outside their natural habitats through measures such as seed banks, botanical gardens, and controlled propagation.
• Shola Grasslands: High-altitude ecosystems of the Western Ghats characterised by patches of montane evergreen forest occurring alongside grasslands.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Under which programme did Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) make its gas discovery in the deepwater Mahanadi Offshore Basin?
A) Sagar Samridhi
B) Samudra Manthan
C) Deep Ocean Mission
D) Urja Shakti
E) Hydrocarbon Vision
Answer: B) Samudra Manthan.

Event and Location:

• Event: ONGC discovered gas through well MN-DW18-1-H-D, marking its first discovery from a well drilled under the Samudra Manthan programme.
• Location: Deepwater Mahanadi Offshore Basin off the Odisha coast, approximately 43 km from Konark.
• Date: The gas discovery was declared on 18 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The exploration involved drilling well MN-DW18-1-H-D to a targeted depth of 1,623 metres, where gas presence was identified between depths of 1,441 metres and 1,452 metres.
• Objectives: The exploration programme aims to expand offshore hydrocarbon discoveries, reduce drilling costs and risks, strengthen domestic oil and gas production, and reduce India’s dependence on energy imports.

Important Terms Explained:

• Samudra Manthan: A ₹84,000-crore offshore exploration initiative launched in July 2026 to promote oil and gas exploration while reducing drilling costs and associated risks.
• Gas-Bearing Interval: The specific depth range within a drilled well where natural gas is detected, recorded at 1,441–1,452 metres in this discovery.
• Deepwater Exploration: Oil and gas exploration conducted in offshore areas with significant water depths, requiring specialised drilling technology and infrastructure.
• Appraisal: The process of evaluating a hydrocarbon discovery to determine reservoir quality, recoverable resources, commercial viability, and development potential.
• Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent: A standard unit used to express the energy content of different hydrocarbon resources in terms equivalent to one million tonnes of crude oil.

Tabular Summary:

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17. In which year was the Digital Communications Commission (DCC) originally established as the Telecom Commission?
A) 1985
B) 1987
C) 1989
D) 1991
E) 1995
Answer: C) 1989.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Government of India dissolved the Digital Communications Commission, ending the nearly 37-year existence of the apex inter-departmental telecom decision-making body under the Department of Telecommunications.
• Location: India, under the Department of Telecommunications.
• Date: The Union Cabinet approved the dissolution on 16 September 2026, and the government resolution was dated 19 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Following the dissolution, matters previously handled through the Commission will be processed more directly by the Telecom Secretary, with approval from the Communications Minister or Union Cabinet wherever required.
• Objectives: The restructuring aims to reduce duplication in telecom decision-making, streamline administrative processes, and remove an institutional layer whose functions overlapped with departmental advisers and existing approval mechanisms.

Important Terms Explained:

• Telecom Commission: The body established in April 1989 for policy formulation and administrative decision-making in India’s telecommunications sector, which was renamed the Digital Communications Commission in October 2018.
• National Digital Communications Policy, 2018: A policy introduced to address the expanding digital communications ecosystem, broadband growth, connectivity, and emerging communication technologies.
• Spectrum Usage Charge (SUC): A charge payable for the use of assigned spectrum, which the Commission fixed at 5% of Adjusted Gross Revenue in one of its final decisions.
• Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR): A revenue measure used in India’s telecom sector for calculating specified regulatory levies and charges payable by telecom service providers.
• Administrative Spectrum Assignment: A method of allocating spectrum through administrative approval rather than an auction, with the Commission approving a five-year assignment extendable by another two years for satellite communication spectrum.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Who launched the 7th National Formulary of India (NFI) 2026 in New Delhi on 21 September 2026?
A) J. P. Nadda
B) Anupriya Patel
C) Prataprao Jadhav
D) Jagat Prakash Nadda
E) Mansukh Mandaviya
Answer: B) Anupriya Patel.

Event and Location:

• Event: The seventh edition of the National Formulary of India 2026 was launched to promote the rational and safe use of medicines and strengthen medicine-safety practices.
• Location: Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi.
• Date: 21 September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The updated formulary provides standard and authoritative medicine information for doctors, pharmacists, healthcare professionals, teachers, and students and was launched during the 6th National Pharmacovigilance Week Campaign.
• Objectives: The publication aims to support rational prescribing, appropriate medicine selection, safe medication practices, pharmacy education, and stronger pharmacovigilance in India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission (IPC): The institution under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that publishes the National Formulary of India, establishes medicine standards, and supports pharmacovigilance activities.
• Pharmacovigilance: The science and activities related to detecting, assessing, understanding, and preventing adverse effects or other medicine-related problems.
• Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI): India’s national programme for monitoring medicine safety and adverse drug reactions, coordinated through its National Coordination Centre at IPC, Ghaziabad.
• Rational Use of Medicines: The appropriate selection and use of medicines according to a patient’s clinical needs, suitable dosage, treatment duration, and safe prescribing practices.
• PharmD: A professional doctoral programme in pharmacy education regulated in India by the Pharmacy Council of India.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which four areas were covered by the G20 Energy Abundance Ministerial consensus outcomes endorsed by India?
A) Coal, nuclear energy, hydrogen and biofuels
B) LPG access, infrastructure approvals, water reuse and critical minerals
C) Solar energy, hydropower, carbon markets and green bonds
D) Electricity trade, nuclear safety, oil reserves and battery storage
E) Bioenergy, offshore wind, methane control and climate finance
Answer: B) LPG access, infrastructure approvals, water reuse and critical minerals.

Event and Location:

• Event: India endorsed the consensus outcomes of the G20 Energy Abundance Ministerial focusing on energy access, infrastructure approvals, water reuse and critical-mineral supply chains.
• Location: Houston, United States.
• Date: The outcomes were reported in September 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The consensus covers affordable household energy access, streamlined infrastructure permitting, voluntary water reuse and diversified critical-mineral supply chains, with implementation remaining voluntary and non-binding.
• Objectives: The framework seeks to strengthen energy security, affordability and sustainability while allowing G20 members to implement the outcomes according to their domestic laws, policies and development priorities.

Important Terms Explained:

• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): A cleaner-burning household fuel recognised in the consensus as a transitional option for replacing traditional biomass where reliable infrastructure is available.
• Critical Minerals: Minerals essential for technologies such as renewable-energy systems, electric vehicles and advanced manufacturing, making secure and diversified supply chains strategically important.
• Water Reuse: The treatment and reuse of water for suitable applications such as energy production, agriculture and manufacturing to improve resource efficiency.
• Permitting Efficiency: The process of making regulatory approvals for infrastructure projects more streamlined, predictable and effective to reduce delays.
• Non-Binding Agreement: An arrangement that expresses common policy objectives without creating legally enforceable obligations for participating countries.

Tabular Summary:

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