Daily Current Affairs September 12

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September 12 | Daily Current Affairs 2024

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 12

1. What historical event does National Forest Martyrs Day commemorate?
A) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
B) Khejarli Massacre
C) Dandi March
D) Quit India Movement
E) Sepoy Mutiny
Answer: B) Khejarli Massacre

Event and Location:

• Event: National Forest Martyrs Day observed annually on September 11.
• Location: Observed across India to honour those who sacrificed their lives in the protection of forests and wildlife.

Mandates and Objectives:

• History: National Forest Martyrs Day was established to commemorate the Khejarli Massacre where Amrita Devi Bishnoi and over 350 Bishnoi community members sacrificed their lives to protect the Khejri trees in Rajasthan from being cut down under the orders of Maharaja Abhay Singh.
• Objective: To recognise and honour forest officials, guards, and environmentalists who lost their lives protecting India’s natural heritage, forests, and biodiversity.
  Significance:
• Honouring Martyrs: The day acknowledges the bravery of those who fight against illegal activities like deforestation, poaching, and other environmental threats.
• Conservation Awareness: It aims to raise awareness about the importance of forests in maintaining ecological balance and the urgent need to prevent deforestation and wildlife poaching.
• Inspiration: The day seeks to inspire younger generations to take an active role in environmental conservation, carrying on the legacy of the martyrs.

How it is Observed:

• Tributes: Government institutions and forest departments conduct ceremonies and events to pay tribute to the forest martyrs.
• Tree-Planting Drives: Communities engage in tree-planting activities to symbolise their commitment to replenishing forest cover.
• Educational Campaigns: Schools, colleges, and NGOs organise seminars, awareness drives, and campaigns to educate the public on the importance of forest conservation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Khejri Trees: A species of tree native to Rajasthan, India, held sacred by the Bishnoi community for their environmental importance.
• Khejarli Massacre: The event in 1730 when Amrita Devi Bishnoi and others opposed the felling of Khejri trees, symbolising India’s deep-rooted environmental conservation efforts.

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs September 12

2. Which country has been named the world’s best country for 2024 by US News and World Report?
A) Japan
B) USA
C) Switzerland
D) Canada
E) Germany
Answer: C) Switzerland

Event and Location:

• Event: Switzerland named the world’s best country for 2024 by the US News and World Report in collaboration with the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.
• Location: Global survey assessing 89 countries.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Best Countries Ranking: Evaluates various factors such as quality of life, political stability, business environment, and cultural influence.
• Switzerland’s Ranking: Switzerland ranked highly for:
  • Second best for businesses.
  • Third best for quality of life.
  • High political stability.

Significance:

• Top Performer: Switzerland has claimed the title for the seventh time overall and third consecutive year as the best country. The ranking highlights its stable political environment, business-friendly climate, and high quality of life.
• Runner-ups: The top 10 best countries include Japan, USA, Canada, Australia, Sweden, Germany, United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Denmark.

Important Terms Explained:

• Quality of Life: A broad measure of a country’s ability to provide a good standard of living for its citizens, including healthcare, safety, and education.
• Political Stability: A country’s consistency in governance and its ability to avoid major political upheavals, contributing to its attractiveness for businesses and residents.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 12

3. Who won the Singapore Literature Prize for English fiction in 2024 for the short story ‘Nine Yard Sarees’?
A) Shubigi Rao
B) Peter Ellinger
C) Prasanthi Ram
D) Cyril Wong
E) Mathikumar Thayumanavan
Answer: C) Prasanthi Ram

Event and Location:

• Event: Singapore Literature Prize 2024 ceremony.
• Location: Victoria Theatre, Singapore.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Prize Winner: Prasanthi Ram, an Indian-origin lecturer at Nanyang Technological University, won the Singapore Literature Prize for English fiction for her short story cycle titled ‘Nine Yard Sarees’.
  • Debut Work: Published in late 2023, the collection focuses on the lives of generations of a Tamil Brahmin family spread across Singapore, Sydney, New York, and Connecticut.
  • Judges’ Remarks: The panel, led by poet Cyril Wong, praised her work as “skilful, assured, comedic at times, and profoundly moving.” Her writing highlights the emotional complexities of family relationships.

Other Winners:

• Best English Creative Non-Fiction: Indian-origin artist Shubigi Rao for ‘Pulp III: An Intimate Inventory Of The Banished Book’.
• Best English Debut: Peter Ellinger, a 91-year-old professor from National University of Singapore, for ‘Down Memory Lane: Peter Ellinger’s Memoirs’.

Significance:

• The award highlights the cultural diversity in Singapore’s literary scene, with multiple writers, translators, and comic artists from different backgrounds being recognized across four languages: English, Tamil, Chinese, and Malay.

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 12

4. Where is the 5th edition of the India-Oman Joint Military Exercise AL NAJAH being conducted?
A) Mahajan, Rajasthan
B) Salalah, Oman
C) Rabat, Morocco
D) Abu Dhabi, UAE
E) Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Answer: B) Salalah, Oman

Event and Location:

• Event: 5th edition of India-Oman Joint Military Exercise AL NAJAH.
• Location: Rabkoot Training Area, Salalah, Oman.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Exercise AL NAJAH V: This biennial joint military exercise aims to improve the counter-terrorism capabilities of the Indian Army and the Royal Army of Oman.
• Objective: To enhance the joint military capability to conduct counter-terrorism operations, particularly in desert environments, under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.
• Key Tactical Drills:
  • Joint planning
  • Cordon and search operations
  • Fighting in built-up areas
  • Establishing mobile vehicle check posts
  • Counter-drone operations
  • Room intervention procedures

Important Terms Explained:

• Mechanised Infantry Regiment: A battalion of the Indian Army specialized in operations using mechanized vehicles, contributing 60 personnel to this exercise.
• Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter: Focuses on actions relating to threats to peace, breaches of peace, and acts of aggression, authorizing the use of force if necessary.

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5. Where was the Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VL-SRSAM) successfully flight-tested on September 12, 2024?
A) Pokhran, Rajasthan
B) Mahajan, Rajasthan
C) Chandipur, Odisha
D) Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
E) Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Answer: C) Chandipur, Odisha

Event and Location:

• Event: Successful flight test of the Vertical Launch Short Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VL-SRSAM).
• Location: Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, off the coast of Odisha, India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• VL-SRSAM: A short-range surface-to-air missile system designed to engage aerial targets flying at low altitudes. It is developed by DRDO in collaboration with the Indian Navy to enhance the Navy’s operational capabilities.
• Objective of Test: Validate updated features of the missile, including:
  • Proximity Fuse
  • Seeker
  • Test the missile’s tracking and target engagement capabilities in flight.

Performance Tracking Instruments:

• Radar Electro-Optical Tracking System
• Telemetry deployed at ITR Chandipur tracked the missile’s performance.

Important Terms Explained:

• Proximity Fuse: A device that detonates the missile when it is near the target, ensuring higher accuracy.
• Seeker: A component that guides the missile towards its target by locking onto the target’s signals.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 12

6. Who launched the “Amrit Catla,” a genetically improved variety of Catla, at ICAR-CIFA, Bhubaneswar?
A) Shri Narendra Modi
B) Shri Amit Shah
C) Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh
D) Shri Piyush Goyal
E) Shri Nitin Gadkari
Answer: C) Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the “Amrit Catla,” a genetically improved variety of Catla (Labeo catla).
• Location: ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Amrit Catla: Genetically improved variety of Catla developed through a selective breeding program initiated by ICAR-CIFA in 2010 to enhance body weight and quality of fish seed.
• National Freshwater Fish Brood Bank (NFFBB): Received Amrit Catla to ensure wider distribution for farmers across India.
• Field Trials: Demonstrated Amrit Catla’s improved performance, reaching 1.8 kg in polyculture systems, compared to local strains’ 1.2 kg.

Important Terms Explained:

• Selective Breeding Program: A breeding initiative to improve fish body weight by using strains from different Indian states, with a cumulative 35% genetic gain after three generations.
• Microsatellite Markers: Genetic markers used for precise breeding selection to improve the quality of Catla.
• National Recognition: The Best Technology Award received at the 96th ICAR Foundation Day (July 16, 2024) for the Amrit Catla project.

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7. Who launched the “Rangeen Machhli” mobile app aimed at supporting the ornamental fisheries sector?
A) Shri Narendra Modi
B) Shri Amit Shah
C) Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh
D) Shri Piyush Goyal
E) Shri Nitin Gadkari
Answer: C) Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the “Rangeen Machhli” mobile app.
• Location: ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Rangeen Machhli App: A mobile application developed by ICAR-CIFA with support from the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY).
  • Objective: To meet the growing needs of the ornamental fisheries sector by providing knowledge resources for hobbyists, aquarium shop owners, and fish farmers.
  • Languages: The app offers multilingual information on popular ornamental fish species in eight Indian languages to ensure wide accessibility.
  • Key Features:
    • Find Aquarium Shops Tool: A dynamic directory helping users locate nearby aquarium shops.
    • Educational Modules: For beginners and professionals, covering aquarium care, breeding, and maintenance practices.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY): A government scheme aimed at promoting sustainable fisheries and aquaculture.
• Ornamental Fisheries: A sector within aquaculture focused on breeding and maintaining ornamental fish, often for hobbyists and aquarium businesses.

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8. Which ministry emerged as the top performer in the “space freed” category during Special Campaign 3.0?
A) Ministry of Agriculture
B) Ministry of Coal
C) Ministry of Defence
D) Ministry of Environment
E) Ministry of Finance
Answer: B) Ministry of Coal

Event and Location:

• Event: Special Campaign 3.0 (October 2, 2023 – August 31, 2024), organized by the Government of India.
• Location: Nationwide, with a focus on Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) under the Ministry of Coal.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Special Campaign 3.0: Focused on Swachhata (cleanliness), reducing pendency, and promoting waste management.
  • The campaign freed over 65,88,878 square feet of space and disposed of 8424 metric tons of scrap, earning ₹34 crores.
  • The Ministry of Coal emerged as the top performer in space freed and secured fourth position in revenue earned.

Innovative Initiatives under SC 3.0:

• Plastic to Paver: At Bankola Area, ECL (West Bengal), single-use plastic was converted into paver tiles.
• Waste to Wealth: SECL at Jamuna Kotma (Madhya Pradesh) transformed waste into beautiful sculptures.
• Eco Tourism Park: Abandoned mines in Chhattisgarh & West Bengal were converted into eco-tourism parks.
• Plastic Danav: NCL collected single-use plastic and turned it into sculptures to raise awareness about plastic pollution.

Achievements (November 2023 to August 2024):

• 6,19,397 square feet cleaned.
• 14,986 metric tons of scrap responsibly disposed of, generating ₹74.48 crores.
• Freed spaces utilized for plantations, beautification, parking spaces, etc.

Important Terms Explained:

• Swachhata: A Hindi term meaning “cleanliness,” referring to the Government of India’s cleanliness drives and campaigns.
• Waste to Wealth: A sustainability initiative to recycle waste materials into usable or artistic products.

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9. Where was the SEMICON India 2024 inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
A) Bengaluru, Karnataka
B) Hyderabad, Telangana
C) Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
D) New Delhi, Delhi
E) Mumbai, Maharashtra
Answer: C) Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of SEMICON India 2024.
• Location: India Expo Mart, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

Mandates and Objectives:

• SEMICON India 2024: A three-day conference from 11th to 13th September 2024 aimed at showcasing India’s semiconductor strategy and policy, which envisions making India a global hub for semiconductor design, manufacturing, and technology development.
• Key Focus: The conference promotes initiatives such as:
  • Making India self-reliant in semiconductor manufacturing.
  • Encouraging foreign investments in semiconductor facilities with 50% financial support for projects.
  • Semicon India Program: Providing financial support for front-end fabs, display fabs, semiconductor packaging, and more.
  • Workforce Development: Creating a semiconductor workforce of 85,000 technicians, engineers, and R&D experts.

Significance:

• Global Recognition: India aims to play a leading role in the global semiconductor industry by developing a robust manufacturing base and integrated ecosystem.
• Economic Impact: The electronics sector in India is currently valued at over $150 billion, with a goal to grow it to $500 billion by the end of the decade, creating 6 million jobs.

Important Terms Explained:

• Semiconductors: Essential components for all modern electronics, crucial for digital infrastructure such as mobile phones, laptops, and data centers.
• Critical Mineral Mission: An initiative to boost domestic production and overseas acquisition of minerals essential for semiconductor manufacturing.

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10. What is the purpose of the newly launched ‘CardsApp’ by the Spices Board of India?
A) Increase cardamom exports
B) Provide market prices
C) Enhance cardamom production
D) Offer weather updates
E) Facilitate agricultural loans
Answer: C) Enhance cardamom production

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the ‘CardsApp’ by the Spices Board of India.
• Location: Indian Cardamom Research Institute, Myladumpara, Idukki, Kerala.

Mandates and Objectives:

• CardsApp: A mobile application aimed at improving cardamom production by providing farmers with critical data, such as soil test results and a Soil Fertility Map.
  • Soil samples from 19 villages in Udumbanchola and Idukki regions were used to generate insights for boosting productivity.
  • Objective: To support cardamom farmers with data-driven insights, ultimately increasing cardamom yields.

Other Key Developments:

• Spices Incubation Centre: Launched at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to facilitate innovation in the spices sector.
• Kisan Seva Kendra: A farmer facilitation centre established to provide agricultural solutions to spice farmers.

Significance:

• The Spices Board is utilizing technological advancements to empower cardamom farmers and improve the industry’s sustainability by focusing on productivity through innovative tools like CardsApp.

Important Terms Explained:

• Soil Fertility Map: A digital map indicating soil nutrient levels, helping farmers make informed decisions regarding crop management.
• Spices Board of India: A government agency responsible for promoting the production and export of spices, including cardamom, across India.

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11. What is the new threshold for RBI officers at the rank of Assistant General Manager to handle compounding cases under the revised FEMA rules?
A) ₹10 lakh
B) ₹2.5 crore
C) ₹1 crore
D) ₹60 lakh
E) ₹5 crore
Answer: D) ₹60 lakh

Event and Location:

• Event: The Finance Ministry has introduced new rules for compounding applications under the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA).
• Location: New Delhi, India, effective from September 12, 2024.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Objective of New Rules: To simplify and streamline the compounding process under FEMA to promote ease of investment.
  • These rules will replace the 24-year-old Foreign Exchange (Compounding Proceedings) Rules from 2000.
  • Digital Payment Options: Introduction of electronic payment methods, such as NEFT, RTGS, or other online modes for paying the compounded amount.

Key Changes in the New Rules:

• Thresholds Raised for RBI Officers:
  • Assistant General Manager: Can now handle cases involving up to ₹60 lakh (raised from ₹10 lakh).
  • Deputy General Manager: Can handle cases involving up to ₹2.5 crore (previously ₹10 lakh-₹40 lakh).
  • General Manager: Can handle cases involving up to ₹5 crore (previously ₹40 lakh-₹1 crore).
  • Chief General Manager: Handles cases above ₹5 crore (previously above ₹1 crore).
    Timeline for Compounding:
• No change in the time frame to pass the compounding order, which remains 180 days from the receipt of the application.

Important Terms Explained:

• Compounding under FEMA: A process where individuals or entities can settle violations of FEMA regulations by paying a monetary penalty to avoid prosecution.
• NEFT and RTGS: Digital payment systems used to transfer funds within India electronically.

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Over All Review

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