Daily Current Affairs June 25

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June 25 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs June 25

1. What is the 2025 campaign theme for the International Day of the Seafarer?
A) Safe Oceans, Secure Seafarers
B) Navigating the Blue Economy
C) My Harassment-Free Ship
D) Seafarers: Pillars of Global Trade
E) Respect at Sea, Respect for All
Answer: C) My Harassment-Free Ship

Event and Location:

• Event: International Day of the Seafarer 2025
• Location: Globally Observed (led by IMO)
• Date: June 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Celebrated annually on June 25, the International Day of the Seafarer is an official observance initiated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to acknowledge the essential contributions of seafarers to global trade, safety, and economy.
  • In 2025, the IMO launched a global campaign titled “My Harassment-Free Ship” to promote zero tolerance for bullying and harassment in maritime workplaces.
• Objectives:
  • Recognize the critical role of seafarers in facilitating 90% of global trade
  • Promote dignity, inclusivity, and workplace safety aboard ships
  • Encourage governments, shipowners, and maritime institutions to support seafarer rights and welfare
  • Highlight mental health challenges and declining interest in maritime professions, especially among women

Important Terms Explained:

• Seafarer: A broad term referring to any individual who works at sea, including those on merchant ships, passenger vessels, cargo ships, and tanker vessels. They are central to maritime logistics and global trade.
• Seaman: A more specific classification often used in naval or merchant contexts, usually referring to those in technical roles, such as deckhands or engine room crew, within the merchant navy.
• International Maritime Organization (IMO): A UN agency responsible for the safety, security, and environmental performance of international shipping. It introduced the Day of the Seafarer in 2010 during the Manila Conference.
• STCW Convention: The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, governing maritime training and safety standards worldwide.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs June 25

2. Which country topped the medal tally at the Archery Asia Cup 2025 Stage 2 in Singapore?
A) Indonesia
B) Kazakhstan
C) Japan
D) India
E) China
Answer: D) India

Event and Location:

• Event: India tops medal tally at Archery Asia Cup 2025 Stage 2
• Location: Bukit Gombak Stadium, Singapore
• Date: 15 to 20 June 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Archery Asia Cup 2025 Stage 2 was held in Singapore, featuring over 200 archers from 21 countries. India, represented by an Under-21 contingent, competed in multiple compound and recurve categories.
• Objectives: The objective was to achieve competitive excellence at a continental level, promote youth archers, and maintain India’s dominance in the Asian archery circuit.

Important Terms Explained:

• Archery Asia Cup: A continental tournament conducted by World Archery Asia (WAA), held in multiple legs across Asia to provide a platform for elite and emerging archers.
• U-21 World Record: A performance benchmark set by Under-21 athletes. India’s compound women’s team set a new U-21 world record of 2,101 points in the qualification round, surpassing their own 2023 record.
• World Archery Asia (WAA): The official continental body for archery in Asia, organizing championships and development events across the region.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Why was Srihari Nataraj’s gold-winning 200m freestyle swim in Singapore not recognised as a National Record?
A) It was not the fastest time
B) It was not a medal-winning performance
C) It was disqualified due to a technical error
D) It was achieved at an overseas event
E) It was in an age-restricted category
Answer: D) It was achieved at an overseas event

Event and Location:

• Event: Srihari Nataraj’s 200m freestyle win not classified as National Record
• Location: Singapore Sports School, Singapore
• Date: June 2, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian swimmer Srihari Nataraj clocked 1:48.66s in the 200m freestyle, surpassing the existing national record of 1:50.35s set by Sajan Prakash in 2018. Despite winning gold, the timing is not counted as a National Record.
• Objectives: The purpose is to maintain standardised procedures for National Record recognition by the Swimming Federation of India (SFI), which mandates records to be set within India at SFI-organised events.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Record (Swimming): An officially recognised best timing by an Indian swimmer, validated only if achieved in an SFI-conducted event within India in categories like sub-junior, junior, or senior.
• Best Indian Performance: The fastest recorded time by an Indian in an internationally recognised event (e.g., Olympics, World Championships) but not eligible for National Record status if done outside SFI events or overseas.
• Swimming Federation of India (SFI): The national governing body for competitive swimming in India, responsible for conducting championships and validating records.

Tabular Summary:

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4. Which British tennis player will have a statue unveiled at Wimbledon’s 150th anniversary in 2027?
A) Tim Henman
B) Fred Perry
C) Andy Murray
D) Roger Taylor
E) Cameron Norrie
Answer: C) Andy Murray

Event and Location:

• Event: Andy Murray to be honoured with a statue at Wimbledon
• Location: All England Club, Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom
• Date: Announcement on June 25, 2025; statue unveiling in 2027

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Two-time Wimbledon champion Andy Murray will have a statue unveiled at Wimbledon’s 150th anniversary edition in 2027. The All England Club confirmed that Murray will be involved in designing the statue, ensuring authenticity and attention to detail.
• Objectives:
  • Celebrate Murray’s historic contribution to British tennis, including ending a 77-year title drought at Wimbledon in 2013
  • Honour his legacy at the tournament where he also won Olympic gold in 2012
  • Create a permanent tribute alongside the existing Fred Perry statue

Important Terms Explained:

• Andy Murray: Former World No. 1 and two-time Wimbledon champion (2013, 2016), Murray is a Scottish tennis legend credited with reviving British hopes in men’s tennis.
• Terracotta Warrior Statue (2011): A humorous reference to the less flattering statue of Murray made at the Shanghai Masters, often cited among “awkward” athlete tributes.
• Fred Perry Statue: A statue at Wimbledon honouring Fred Perry, the last British men’s singles champion before Murray, unveiled in 1984 to mark the 50th anniversary of Perry’s first title.
• Wimbledon 150th Anniversary (2027): A landmark celebration of the oldest tennis tournament in the world, founded in 1877, to be commemorated with special events, including Murray’s statue unveiling.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Which student from SRM University-AP broke two world records and won three silver medals at the Archery Asia Cup 2025 Stage 2 in Singapore?
A) Tejal Salve
B) Shanmukhi Naga Sai
C) Tanishka Thokal
D) Kushal Dalal
E) Vaishnavi Pawar
Answer: B) Shanmukhi Naga Sai

Event and Location:

• Event: SRM University-AP student sets records and wins medals at Archery Asia Cup 2025 Stage 2
• Location: Singapore (event); SRM University-AP, Andhra Pradesh (student’s institution)
• Date: June 24, 2025 (reported)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Budde Shanumukhi Naga Sai, a B.Com first-year student from SRM University–Andhra Pradesh, participated in the Singapore Leg of the Archery Asia Cup 2025 Stage 2, breaking two world records and winning three silver medals.
• Objectives:
  • Promote India’s representation and excellence in international archery competitions
  • Encourage student-athletes to excel in both academics and sports
  • Highlight the achievements of young women in Indian sports, particularly at the university level

Important Terms Explained:

• Archery Asia Cup 2025 Stage 2: A continental archery championship organized by World Archery Asia, with its second stage hosted in Singapore. The event featured under-21 competitors from across Asia.
• World Record in Archery (U-21): Highest ever score recorded in a particular round or category by an athlete under the age of 21, validated by the event organizers and World Archery.
• SRM University-AP: A leading private university located in Andhra Pradesh, offering interdisciplinary education and actively supporting student participation in national and international sports.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs June 25

6. From which date will the Reserve Bank of India extend trading hours for the interbank call money market to 7:00 PM?
A) July 1, 2025
B) June 30, 2025
C) August 1, 2025
D) July 15, 2025
E) September 1, 2025
Answer: A) July 1, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI extends trading hours for the interbank call money market and repo segments
• Location: Pan-India (marketwide impact); announced in Mumbai
• Date: June 25, 2025 (announcement), effective July 1 (Call Money) & August 1 (Repo & TREP)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has extended call money market trading hours from 9:00 AM–5:00 PM to 9:00 AM–7:00 PM, effective July 1, 2025.
  • Market repo and Tri-Party Repo (TREP) timings will also be extended to 4:00 PM from August 1, 2025.
• Objectives:
  • Improve liquidity management for banks and primary dealers
  • Increase operational flexibility in overnight and short-term money markets
  • Align market functioning with global best practices based on recommendations of a working group chaired by Radha Shyam Ratho

Important Terms Explained:

• Call Money Market: An uncollateralised short-term borrowing market, primarily used by banks and primary dealers to meet overnight liquidity needs.
• Market Repo: A collateralised instrument where participants borrow funds by selling securities with an agreement to repurchase them.
• Tri-Party Repo (TREP): A repo arrangement where a third-party (triparty) agent ensures settlement and collateral management between borrower and lender.
• Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF): RBI mechanism that allows banks to borrow money through repurchase agreements to manage short-term liquidity mismatches.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs June 25

7. What percentage of its projected revenue has Telangana earned in the first two months of FY 2025–26?
A) 8.1%
B) 10.2%
C) 11.5%
D) 12.5%
E) 9.3%
Answer: B) 10.2%

Event and Location:

• Event: Telangana earns 10.2% of projected revenue in the first two months of FY 2025–26
• Location: Telangana, India
• Date: April–May 2025 (data reported on June 25, 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Telangana State Government reported its financial performance for April and May 2025, indicating that it earned ₹23,425 crore, which is 10.2% of its projected revenue target of ₹2.29 lakh crore for the financial year 2025–26. Simultaneously, expenditure stood at ₹28,463 crore or 12.5% of the total projected revenue expenditure of ₹2.26 lakh crore.
• Objectives:
  • Monitor fiscal discipline and revenue trends early in the financial year
  • Ensure effective expenditure management and control of budgetary outflows
  • Assess borrowing levels, interest payments, and salary commitments

Important Terms Explained:

• Revenue Receipts: Income generated by the government through taxes, duties, interest, and dividends, excluding borrowings and capital receipts.
• Revenue Expenditure: Expenditures incurred for operating and administrative purposes, including salaries, pensions, and interest payments.
• Fiscal Year 2025–26: The accounting year for governments in India, starting from April 1, 2025 to March 31, 2026.
• Borrowings: The amount raised by the state through loans, typically used to bridge fiscal deficits.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs June 25

8. Who became the first Indian to visit the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom-4 mission in 2025?
A) Rakesh Sharma
B) Prasanth Nair
C) Kalpana Chawla
D) Shubhanshu Shukla
E) Sirisha Bandla
Answer: D) Shubhanshu Shukla

Event and Location:

• Event: India sends its first astronaut to the International Space Station (ISS) via Axiom-4 mission
• Location: Launch from Kennedy Space Center, Florida; destination ISS
• Date: June 25, 2025 (launch); docking expected in ~26 hours

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force became the second Indian in space and first to visit the ISS aboard Axiom-4 (Ax-4) — a commercial spaceflight mission operated by Axiom Space, in partnership with NASA, ISRO, ESA, and SpaceX.
• Objectives:
  • Reintroduce India into human spaceflight missions after a 41-year gap
  • Provide ISRO and India with practical experience in orbital crewed missions
  • Lay the groundwork for India’s Gaganyaan mission (2027) and future space station (by 2035)
  • Advance global collaboration in commercial human spaceflight

Important Terms Explained:

• Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4): A commercial space mission organized by Axiom Space, involving astronauts from India, Poland, and Hungary, launched aboard a SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft.
• ISS (International Space Station): A low-Earth orbit space station used for scientific research and international collaboration in space exploration.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation): India’s national space agency, which collaborated on Ax-4 and secured a seat for Shukla for ₹5 billion as part of its broader Gaganyaan and beyond strategy.
• Gaganyaan Mission: India’s first indigenously developed human spaceflight mission, scheduled for 2027, with selected IAF pilots as astronaut candidates.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Who is the first Indian to complete NASA’s International Air and Space Program and is set to travel to space in 2029?
A) Ritu Karidhal
B) Jahnavi Dangeti
C) Kalpana Chawla
D) Sirisha Bandla
E) Pratyusha Ghosh
Answer: B) Jahnavi Dangeti

Event and Location:

• Event: Jahnavi Dangeti becomes first Indian to complete NASA’s International Air and Space Program
• Location: Palakollu, Andhra Pradesh; selected for U.S.-based Titan’s Orbital Port Space Mission
• Date: June 23, 2025 (announcement date); space mission scheduled for 2029

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Jahnavi Dangeti, a space enthusiast and electronics engineering graduate from Andhra Pradesh, has become the first Indian to complete NASA’s International Air and Space Program (IASP). She has been selected to travel to space in 2029 aboard a mission to Titan’s Orbital Port Space Station, a U.S.-based initiative expected to launch in the next four years.
• Objectives:
  • Promote STEM education and space awareness in India
  • Represent India in international space exploration and planetary research
  • Inspire youth, especially girls, through achievements in space missions and asteroid discovery

Important Terms Explained:

• NASA International Air and Space Program (IASP): A prestigious U.S.-based educational and training program designed to provide students and professionals with exposure to aerospace science, engineering, astronaut training, and analog space missions.
• Analog Astronaut: An individual who participates in simulated space missions on Earth (e.g., in desert or underwater environments) to study the physical and psychological challenges of long-duration space travel.
• Titan’s Orbital Port Space Station: A planned private space station project by U.S. entities aimed at future orbital operations and habitation, with scheduled astronaut missions starting in 2029.
• International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC): A citizen science program supported by NASA and Pan-STARRS, allowing global participants to engage in asteroid tracking and discovery.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Which advanced AI-powered search feature did Google launch in India on June 24, 2025?
A) Bard AI
B) Google Lens Plus
C) AI Mode
D) Gemini AI Search
E) Google Alpha
Answer: C) AI Mode

Event and Location:

• Event: Google launches AI Mode in India to transform search experience
• Location: India (also active in the US via Google Labs)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Google officially rolled out AI Mode, an experimental AI-powered search feature, to users in India, available in English through Google Labs.
  • It is built on Gemini 2.5, Google’s most advanced AI model, and supports text, voice, and image inputs.
• Objectives:
  • Enable users to get comprehensive answers to exploratory and complex queries such as trip planning, how-to guides, and product comparisons.
  • Compete with AI-native platforms like ChatGPT and Perplexity AI through an enhanced, multimodal and conversational search experience.
  • Increase user engagement by transforming search into a natural dialogue that includes summaries, follow-ups, and smart links.

Important Terms Explained:

• AI Mode (Google): An experimental AI-enhanced feature within Google Search that uses Gemini 2.5 to provide detailed, multi-step responses to complex user queries using advanced reasoning and real-time web data.
• Gemini 2.5: Google’s most powerful AI model as of 2025, known for advanced reasoning, summarization, and multimodal capabilities (text, voice, image).
• Query Fan-Out: A Google Search technique where complex queries are split into sub-queries, answered in parallel, and recombined to generate an in-depth response with references.
• Google Labs: A platform by Google that allows users to test and provide feedback on experimental features before full public rollout.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs June 25

11. India recently imposed a five-year anti-dumping duty on which of the following chemicals imported from China?
A) Acetic acid
B) Acetonitrile
C) Ethanol
D) Benzene
E) Cyclohexane
Answer: B) Acetonitrile

Event and Location:

• Event: Imposition of anti-dumping duty on four imported chemicals
• Location: India
• Date: June 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India, through the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC), has imposed a five-year anti-dumping duty on four chemicals imported from China and other countries following recommendations by the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR).
• Objectives: The objective is to safeguard Indian manufacturers from unfairly priced imports, ensure fair trading practices, and reduce the growing trade deficit with China by protecting domestic industries.

Important Terms Explained:

• Anti-Dumping Duty: A tariff imposed on imports that are priced below fair market value to protect domestic industries from injury caused by unfair trade practices.
• Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR): An arm of India’s Ministry of Commerce responsible for investigations and recommendations related to anti-dumping, countervailing, and safeguard duties.
• Acetonitrile: A chemical used primarily as a solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, subject to an anti-dumping duty of up to ₹481 per tonne when imported from China, Russia, and Taiwan.

Tabular Summary:

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12. What is the main objective of the ConvEx-3 (2025) nuclear emergency simulation led by IAEA and Romania?
A) To train nuclear engineers for commercial projects
B) To simulate cross-border military evacuations
C) To test global response to a nuclear or radiological emergency
D) To conduct nuclear trade negotiations
E) To audit nuclear reactor construction standards
Answer: C) To test global response to a nuclear or radiological emergency

Event and Location:

• Event: ConvEx-3 (2025) – Largest international nuclear emergency simulation
• Location: Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant, Romania (near the Black Sea)
• Date: 24–25 June 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in collaboration with Romania, conducted a 36-hour full-scale nuclear emergency exercise to simulate a severe radiological accident. Over 75 countries and 10 international organisations participated.
• Objectives: To evaluate global emergency preparedness, simulate real-time decision-making, test emergency communication, and enhance international coordination under nuclear disaster scenarios, especially those with cross-border implications.

Important Terms Explained:

• ConvEx-3: The highest-level exercise in the ConvEx series led by IAEA, designed to test international nuclear emergency response systems with full-scale simulations involving multiple stakeholders.
• IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency): A UN-affiliated agency responsible for promoting safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technologies globally.
• Early Notification Convention: A treaty requiring countries to immediately share information with affected states and the IAEA in case of a nuclear accident.
• Assistance Convention: A framework through which countries can request and provide international aid in response to nuclear emergencies.
• IACRNE (Inter-Agency Committee on Radiological and Nuclear Emergencies): A UN coordination body that ensures inter-agency readiness for radiological and nuclear events, involving members such as WHO, INTERPOL, WMO, and FAO.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs June 25

13. Where was the ‘Beej Utsav’ seed festival, promoting indigenous seeds and biodiversity, recently held?
A) Sunderbans Delta
B) Nilgiri Biosphere
C) Banswara District
D) Coorg Highlands
E) Bastar Forest
Answer: C) Banswara District

Event and Location:

• Event: ‘Beej Utsav’ (Seed Festival) emphasizing indigenous seed preservation
• Location: Tribal belt at the tri-junction of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat (Banswara district, Rajasthan)
• Date: June 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: A four-day seed festival was organized to educate tribal communities about the conservation and use of indigenous seeds, including training sessions on seed preservation and biodiversity awareness.
• Objectives: The primary aim was to promote agricultural sustainability, raise climate consciousness, and rebuild community-led seed systems that protect seed heritage and support food security.

Important Terms Explained:

• Beej Utsav: A traditional seed festival held to highlight the cultural and ecological value of indigenous seed varieties, especially among tribal farming communities.
• Indigenous Seeds: Native crop varieties that are locally adapted, rich in genetic diversity, and more resilient to changing climate conditions than commercial hybrids.
• Seed Heritage: The inherited collection of traditional seeds passed down through generations, essential for food sovereignty, biodiversity, and sustainable farming.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which organisation has issued a tender for green ammonia supply to decarbonise fertiliser production in India?
A) NTPC
B) NITI Aayog
C) SECI
D) IOCL
E) FCI
Answer: C) SECI

Event and Location:

• Event: SECI issues tender to supply green ammonia for fertiliser decarbonisation
• Location: India (national scope)
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) has floated a tender to supply 724,000 tonnes of green ammonia annually to 13 fertiliser plants under the SIGHT scheme of the National Green Hydrogen Mission.
• Objectives: The goal is to decarbonise the fertiliser industry, reduce dependence on fossil fuel-based ammonia, shield the sector from global gas price volatility, and lower the trade deficit by encouraging domestic, renewable-based production.

Important Terms Explained:

• SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India): A Central Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, tasked with promoting renewable energy including solar, wind, and now green hydrogen initiatives.
• Green Ammonia: A type of ammonia produced using green hydrogen, which itself is generated from renewable electricity sources (like solar or wind) through water electrolysis, making the entire process carbon-free.
• SIGHT Scheme (Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition): A component of the National Green Hydrogen Mission designed to facilitate the transition to green hydrogen and derivatives (like green ammonia) with production-linked incentives and project support.
• National Green Hydrogen Mission: A flagship mission launched by the Government of India to position the country as a global hub for green hydrogen production, reduce carbon emissions, and enhance energy independence.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Which ministry will conduct India’s first-ever nationwide Household Income Survey in 2026?
A) Ministry of Finance
B) Ministry of Labour and Employment
C) NITI Aayog
D) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
E) Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: D) Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of India’s first-ever Household Income Survey
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: June 24, 2025 (announcement date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) will conduct India’s first dedicated Household Income Survey in 2026. A Technical Expert Group (TEG) chaired by Surjit Bhalla has been constituted to guide survey methodology, definitions, estimation techniques, and final data release.
• Objectives: The survey aims to bridge critical data gaps on income distribution, wage impacts of technology, and structural changes in the economy over the past 75 years. It will also address historical inconsistencies where income estimates were lower than combined figures for consumption and savings.

Important Terms Explained:

• Household Income Survey: A comprehensive data collection initiative to measure individual and household-level income, assess inequality, and aid in policymaking related to social welfare and economic planning.
• MoSPI (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation): A central government ministry responsible for managing India’s official statistical systems, including surveys related to GDP, employment, consumption, and more.
• Technical Expert Group (TEG): A panel of economists and statisticians formed to standardize methodologies, design sampling frameworks, and ensure that the survey aligns with global best practices.

Tabular Summary:

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16. What is the main objective of the ‘Vidya Shakti’ initiative launched by Andhra Pradesh?
A) Introduce digital exams for board classes
B) Train teachers in foreign languages
C) Provide remedial education for slow learners
D) Promote sports talent in rural areas
E) Launch a scholarship portal for SC/ST students
Answer: C) Provide remedial education for slow learners

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ‘Vidya Shakti’ online remedial education programme
• Location: Andhra Pradesh, India
• Date: June 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Andhra Pradesh government has launched ‘Vidya Shakti’, a technology-based remedial education program aimed at academically weaker students in Mathematics, Science, and English. The initiative is being implemented in over 5,000 schools, including Zilla Parishad, Municipal, KGBVs, and Residential schools.
• Objectives:
  • Improve learning outcomes in core academic subjects
  • Reduce dropout rates in government schools
  • Support Class 10 students with subject-specific mentoring
  • Enhance Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER)
  • Identify and encourage high-performing students
  • Build a learning-first culture through digital platforms and mentorship

Important Terms Explained:

• Vidya Shakti: A digital remedial learning initiative launched by the Andhra Pradesh government to support academically lagging students through after-school programs, using structured learning and individual mentoring.
• Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalayas (KGBVs): Government-run residential schools for girls from disadvantaged communities, aimed at improving girls’ education in rural and tribal areas.
• IIT-Madras Pravartak: An innovation and research hub associated with IIT Madras, collaborating on teacher training for the Vidya Shakti initiative to integrate technology and pedagogy effectively.

Tabular Summary:

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17. How many special trains will be operated by East Coast Railway for the Puri Rath Yatra 2025?
A) 275
B) 300
C) 315
D) 365
E) 400
Answer: D) 365

Event and Location:

• Event: Operation of special trains for Puri Rath Yatra 2025
• Location: Puri, Odisha; connecting towns in Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal
• Date: June 2025 (announcement); festival dates ongoing

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The East Coast Railway (ECoR) has announced the operation of 365 special trains to and from Puri to manage the influx of pilgrims during the Rath Yatra 2025. This is a significant increase from 315 trains operated in 2024.
• Objectives:
  • Facilitate smooth transportation for lakhs of devotees attending the Car Festival
  • Provide rail access to remote and interior regions in Odisha and neighboring states
  • Ease congestion on regular rail services during the festival period

Important Terms Explained:

• Puri Rath Yatra: One of India’s biggest religious festivals, where Lord Jagannath, Balabhadra, and Subhadra are taken on chariots from the Jagannath Temple to the Gundicha Temple in Puri, Odisha.
• East Coast Railway (ECoR): A zonal division of Indian Railways headquartered in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, responsible for rail operations across eastern states like Odisha and parts of Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.
• Special Trains: Temporary train services operated during high-demand periods such as festivals to accommodate extra passenger traffic.

Tabular Summary:

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18. What is the total financial outlay approved under the revised Jharia Master Plan (JMP) for rehabilitation and fire management?
A) ₹4,510 crore
B) ₹6,500 crore
C) ₹5,940 crore
D) ₹7,112 crore
E) ₹5,210 crore
Answer: C) ₹5,940 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Cabinet approves revised Jharia Master Plan (JMP) for fire control and rehabilitation
• Location: Jharia, Dhanbad district, Jharkhand (decision made in New Delhi)
• Date: June 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the revised Jharia Master Plan with a total financial outlay of ₹5,940.47 crore. The plan is aimed at managing underground mine fires, land subsidence, and the rehabilitation of affected families in Jharia, Jharkhand.
• Objectives:
  • Rehabilitate families affected by fires and subsidence in the Jharia coalfields
  • Generate sustainable livelihoods through skill development and income-generation programmes
  • Ensure economic self-reliance of resettled communities
  • Renew and extend the expired 2009 master plan, which lapsed in 2021

Important Terms Explained:

• Jharia Master Plan (JMP): A government plan launched in 2009 to tackle underground coal fires, land subsidence, and resettlement of families from hazardous areas in Jharia (Jharkhand’s Dhanbad district).
• Subsidence: A gradual sinking of land, often caused by underground mining activities, posing risks to structures and human safety.
• Sustainable Livelihoods: Income-generating activities that are environmentally friendly, economically viable, and provide long-term financial stability for communities.
• Skill Development Programmes: Government-led initiatives that provide training and vocational education to equip displaced people with skills for alternative employment.

Tabular Summary:

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19. What was the main theme of the ‘Toilet Walk’ conducted by the Greater Chennai Corporation during the International Toilet Festival 3.0?
A) Cleanliness campaign in markets
B) Inspection of luxury toilets
C) Exploring the psychology of toilet art
D) Plastic-free sanitation initiative
E) Smart toilet digital training
Answer: C) Exploring the psychology of toilet art

Event and Location:

• Event: International Toilet Festival 3.0 and ‘Toilet Walk’
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Triplicane, Marina Beach area)
• Date: June 21, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC), in collaboration with NGOs Cheer and WashLab, organised International Toilet Festival 3.0, featuring a ‘Toilet Walk’ and a roundtable discussion to promote awareness on inclusive sanitation infrastructure and toilet accessibility for people with disabilities.
• Objectives:
  • Encourage public dialogue on the psychology of sanitation spaces and the role of art
  • Assess the functional status of public toilets through citizen engagement
  • Promote inclusive sanitation as part of broader urban accessibility and hygiene reforms

Important Terms Explained:

• Toilet Walk: A public participatory event where citizens visit and assess public sanitation facilities to evaluate infrastructure quality, accessibility, and usability.
• International Toilet Festival: A civic initiative that aims to highlight issues of sanitation, disability inclusion, and public hygiene, while encouraging discussions on the aesthetics and psychology of sanitation spaces.
• Roundtable on Disability: A focused discussion with NGOs and stakeholders on viewing disability as a diversified human experience, aligning sanitation design with universal accessibility principles.

Tabular Summary:

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20. Which NGOs collaborated to open a free primary school in Bandlaguda for underprivileged children?
A) Akshaya Patra and CRY
B) Smile Foundation and Teach For India
C) SEED USA and Helping Hand Foundation
D) Azim Premji Foundation and Pratham
E) Save the Children and Oxfam
Answer: C) SEED USA and Helping Hand Foundation

Event and Location:

• Event: Free primary school opened by NGOs to address education gap
• Location: Mohammed Nagar, Bandlaguda, Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: June 25, 2025 (reported)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: In response to the severe lack of government schools in Bandlaguda—where 1.5 lakh people share just one government school—SEED USA and Helping Hand Foundation (HHF) have opened a free primary school in Mohammed Nagar.
• Objectives:
  • Provide free, quality education to children from economically vulnerable families
  • Reduce the educational access gap in densely populated urban settlements
  • Offer inclusive schooling from nursery to Class 5, with free books and materials

Important Terms Explained:

• SEED USA: A non-profit organisation focused on education and social upliftment of underprivileged communities, particularly in South Asia.
• Helping Hand Foundation (HHF): A Hyderabad-based NGO working in the areas of healthcare, education, and community welfare, known for grassroots interventions.
• Bandlaguda: A densely populated urban region in Hyderabad with limited public infrastructure, especially in education, despite having multiple sub-localities like Ismail Nagar, Millat Nagar, and Mustafa Hills.

Tabular Summary:

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21. Under which scheme has the Bihar Cabinet approved the construction of marriage halls in all gram panchayats?
A) Bihar Gramin Vikas Yojana
B) Jan Jeevan Vivah Yojana
C) Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah Mandap Yojana
D) Jeevika Gram Upliftment Scheme
E) Panchayat Samriddhi Bhawan Yojana
Answer: C) Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah Mandap Yojana

Event and Location:

• Event: Bihar Cabinet approves major welfare schemes including marriage halls, subsidised meals, pension hike, and SHG reforms
• Location: Patna, Bihar (Statewide Implementation)
• Date: June 24, 2025 (announced)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Construction of marriage halls in all 8,053 gram panchayats under the Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah Mandap Yojana at ₹50 lakh each, with a total outlay of ₹4,026 crore
  • Launch of “Didi Ki Rasoi”, a subsidised meal scheme run by Jeevika Didis, to operate at block, sub-divisional, district offices, and medical institutions
  • Enhancement of SHG loans from ₹3 lakh to ₹10 lakh at 7% interest, with state reimbursement for any interest above this cap
  • Increase in social security pensions from ₹400 to ₹1,100 per month for 1.11 crore beneficiaries
  • Approval for gram panchayats to independently sanction MGNREGA works up to ₹10 lakh
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen rural social infrastructure through dedicated community spaces
  • Promote women empowerment and rural entrepreneurship via Jeevika SHGs
  • Enhance social welfare coverage through improved pension and employment schemes
  • Improve nutrition and access to affordable meals in public spaces

Important Terms Explained:

• Mukhya Mantri Kanya Vivah Mandap Yojana: A Bihar government initiative to build community marriage halls in every gram panchayat to provide low-cost venues for weddings and public events, promoting social equity and financial inclusion.
• Jeevika Didis: Women members of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) under the Bihar Rural Livelihoods Promotion Society (Jeevika) who are empowered to run small enterprises like subsidised kitchens (Didi Ki Rasoi), retail outlets, and more.
• Didi Ki Rasoi: A public meal initiative managed by SHG women to provide affordable, hygienic food in government offices and hospitals at ₹20 per plate, also serving as a livelihood source.
• Self-Help Group (SHG) Loans: Financial support offered to SHGs for income generation, now enhanced to ₹10 lakh with interest subsidy to promote rural entrepreneurship.

Tabular Summary:

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22. Which scheme did Tamil Nadu urge the Centre to implement to support mango farmers facing a price crash?
A) PM-KISAN
B) Kisan Credit Scheme
C) Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
D) Market Intervention Scheme
E) National Horticulture Mission
Answer: D) Market Intervention Scheme

Event and Location:

• Event: Tamil Nadu urges Centre to implement Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) for mango farmers
• Location: New Delhi (Meeting held); Impact in Tamil Nadu
• Date: June 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: A Tamil Nadu delegation, led by Food Minister R. Sakkarapani, met Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan to request Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) support for mango farmers facing a price crash in the state. The delegation submitted a letter from CM M.K. Stalin highlighting the financial distress of mango growers.
• Objectives:
  • Secure price support for mango farmers affected by a sharp fall in procurement prices
  • Ensure inclusion of Tamil Nadu mango growers under the same support mechanism approved for Karnataka
  • Avoid distress sales and protests by farmers through timely government procurement

Important Terms Explained:

• Market Intervention Scheme (MIS): A centrally-sponsored scheme under PM-AASHA, designed to stabilize prices of perishable and horticultural commodities like fruits and vegetables through government procurement at assured prices.
• PM-AASHA (Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan): An umbrella scheme introduced in 2018 to ensure fair prices for agricultural produce, especially when market prices fall below MSP.
• Minimum Support Price (MSP): A guaranteed price at which the government buys crops from farmers, acting as a price safety net during market fluctuations.

Tabular Summary:

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23. Which expressway project did the Maharashtra Cabinet approve ₹20,787 crore for, despite ongoing farmer protests?
A) Konkan Coastal Expressway
B) Deccan Greenfield Corridor
C) Shaktipeeth Expressway
D) Vidarbha–Konkan Link Expressway
E) Marathwada Mega Mobility Corridor
Answer: C) Shaktipeeth Expressway

Event and Location:

• Event: Maharashtra Cabinet approves ₹20,787 crore for Shaktipeeth Expressway project
• Location: Maharashtra (Statewide: 12 districts); decision made in Mumbai
• Date: June 24, 2025 (approval date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Maharashtra Cabinet, chaired by CM Devendra Fadnavis, approved a total of ₹20,787 crore for the Shaktipeeth Expressway, including ₹12,000 crore loan from HUDCO for acquiring 7,500 hectares of land. The project will be executed by the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation (MSRDC).
• Objectives:
  • Construct an 802-km expressway connecting Pavnar in Wardha to Patradevi in Sindhudurg, near the Maharashtra-Goa border
  • Reduce travel time from Nagpur to Goa from 18 hours to 8 hours
  • Boost religious tourism by connecting key Shaktipeeths and other pilgrimage sites
  • Promote economic development in backward districts of Vidarbha and Marathwada

Important Terms Explained:

• Shaktipeeth Expressway: A proposed greenfield expressway project in Maharashtra aimed at linking 12 districts with religious and economic significance. It promises to shorten travel duration and connect major pilgrimage centres.
• MSRDC (Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation): The nodal agency responsible for infrastructure and expressway projects in Maharashtra.
• HUDCO (Housing and Urban Development Corporation): A government-owned financial institution that provides loans for infrastructure and urban development projects, including land acquisition.
• Land Acquisition Opposition: Farmers across Sangli, Kolhapur, Beed, and Solapur have protested forced land surveys, alleging displacement, lack of consent, and inflated project costs.

Tabular Summary:

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24. Who inaugurated ₹25.6 crore worth of developmental projects in KR Pet taluk on June 25, 2025?
A) Basavaraj Bommai
B) N. Cheluvarayaswamy
C) H.D. Kumaraswamy
D) B.S. Yediyurappa
E) D.K. Shivakumar
Answer: B) N. Cheluvarayaswamy

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of ₹25.6 crore developmental projects in KR Pet taluk
• Location: KR Pet Taluk, Mandya District, Karnataka
• Date: June 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • N. Cheluvarayaswamy, Minister for Mandya District, inaugurated multiple infrastructure and educational projects worth ₹25.6 crore across KR Pet taluk, including hostels, educational buildings, power infrastructure, and transportation facilities.
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen education and residential infrastructure for students
  • Promote clean and inclusive learning environments
  • Expand public transport and electricity supply access in rural regions
  • Encourage CSR participation from private industry in public welfare sectors

Important Terms Explained:

• CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility): A mechanism through which private companies contribute to public welfare, often in education, healthcare, or infrastructure development.
• SSLC & PUC Exams: Secondary School Leaving Certificate (SSLC) and Pre-University Course (PUC) are key academic milestones in Karnataka’s school and college education system.
• KSRTC (Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation): The state-run corporation providing intercity and rural bus services across Karnataka.

Tabular Summary:

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25. What is the estimated cost of the Pune Metro Phase-II project approved by the Union Cabinet in June 2025?
A) ₹2,800 crore
B) ₹3,000 crore
C) ₹3,626.24 crore
D) ₹4,200 crore
E) ₹3,900 crore
Answer: C) ₹3,626.24 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Union Cabinet approves Pune Metro Phase-II Project
• Location: Pune, Maharashtra
• Date: June 25, 2025 (Approval Date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved Phase-II of the Pune Metro Rail Project, including two new elevated corridors – Corridor 2A (Vanaz–Chandani Chowk) and Corridor 2B (Ramwadi–Wagholi/Vitthalwadi), with an estimated outlay of ₹3,626.24 crore.
• Objectives:
  • Expand Pune’s mass rapid transit system to cover emerging suburbs
  • Improve East–West metro connectivity and ease traffic congestion
  • Promote eco-friendly public transport and reduce dependency on personal vehicles
  • Seamlessly integrate with existing and upcoming metro lines and intercity bus systems

Important Terms Explained:

• Pune Metro Phase-II: The second expansion phase of Pune’s metro network involving two elevated corridors totaling 12.75 km with 13 stations, covering areas such as Chandani Chowk, Kothrud, Bavdhan, Kharadi, and Wagholi.
• Maha-Metro (Maharashtra Metro Rail Corporation Limited): A joint venture between Government of India and Government of Maharashtra, responsible for implementing metro rail projects in the state.
• Comprehensive Mobility Plan (CMP): A long-term strategic urban transport framework guiding integrated and sustainable mobility solutions across Pune.

Tabular Summary:

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26. What is the name of Andhra Pradesh’s AI-driven skill portal launched to connect job seekers with opportunities?
A) Yuva Nidhi
B) e-Karigar
C) Kaushal Bharat
D) Naipunyam
E) Skill Shakti
Answer: D) Naipunyam

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Pradesh to use AI-powered skill portal to enhance employability
• Location: Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: June 25, 2025 (announcement)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Andhra Pradesh government to leverage Artificial Intelligence (AI) through its skill portal ‘Naipunyam’ to consolidate job opportunities and enhance employability.
  • The portal will feature an automated resume builder, AI-based job opportunity matching, and integration with national and international job markets.
• Objectives:
  • Facilitate the creation of 20 lakh jobs for the youth in Andhra Pradesh
  • Generate 8.5 lakh jobs from ₹9.5 lakh crore worth of ongoing industrial projects
  • Organise job fairs targeting 1,500 placements per constituency
  • Align skill training with global industry standards and technological trends
  • Launch vocational training from Class 6 and promote lifelong skill development

Important Terms Explained:

• Naipunyam: Andhra Pradesh’s AI-driven skill development and job-matching portal, designed to identify vacancies and generate resumes automatically, linking candidates to job opportunities at local, national, and global levels.
• Swarnandhra 2047: Andhra Pradesh’s long-term strategic development vision, which includes inclusive employment, industrial growth, and digital transformation.
• NSQF (National Skill Qualification Framework): A nationally recognized skill standardisation framework in India that structures vocational qualifications according to levels of knowledge, skills, and aptitude.
• Skill Gap Analysis: A method of identifying disparities between available skills and market requirements, ensuring that training programmes address real-time industry needs.

Tabular Summary:

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27. Which two regions are now directly connected by the newly inaugurated 4.57 km six-lane Ganges bridge in Bihar?
A) Patna and Gaya
B) Patna and Muzaffarpur
C) Patna and Raghopur
D) Patna and Hajipur
E) Patna and Bhagalpur
Answer: C) Patna and Raghopur

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of 4.57 km six-lane bridge over the Ganges
• Location: From Kachchi Dargah (Patna) to Raghopur (Vaishali district), Bihar
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar inaugurated a six-lane bridge over the Ganges River, connecting Patna to Raghopur, a politically significant area represented by opposition leader Tejashwi Yadav.
  • The inauguration was held at Kachchi Dargah, located on the eastern fringes of Patna.
• Objectives:
  • Provide year-round, reliable connectivity to riverine and rural areas like Raghopur, replacing traditional boat-based transport
  • Boost economic, healthcare, and educational access for the residents of Raghopur diyara
  • Serve as a symbolic political outreach from CM Nitish Kumar to opposition territory ahead of state elections

Important Terms Explained:

• Raghopur Diyara: A riverine area in Vaishali district, often isolated due to Ganges river conditions; represented by Tejashwi Yadav, RJD leader and former Deputy CM.
• Kachchi Dargah: A locality and historical mosque area in Patna, situated on the Ganges’ eastern bank, chosen as the bridge’s Patna-end inauguration site.
• Six-lane Ganges Bridge: A 4.57 km-long bridge, facilitating faster movement and easing connectivity issues in one of Bihar’s previously underserved regions.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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