Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

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June 20 & 21 | Daily Current Affairs 2026

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

1. Which international observance is marked on June 20 every year to honour refugees worldwide and promote their right to seek safety?
A) World Environment Day
B) World Refugee Day
C) Human Rights Day
D) International Migrants Day
E) United Nations Day
Answer: B) World Refugee Day.

Event and Location:

• Event: World Refugee Day 2026 was observed to honour refugees worldwide and highlight their right to seek safety and dignity.
• Location: Global.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The observance, designated by the United Nations, recognises people forced to flee their homes due to conflict, violence, persecution, war, or human rights violations.
• Objectives: It aims to raise awareness about refugee issues, promote global support for displaced people, and reinforce the principle that safety and protection are universal rights.

Important Terms Explained:

• Refugee: A refugee is a person forced to leave their home country due to a well-founded fear of persecution, conflict, violence, or serious human rights violations.
• Until Everyone is Safe: This was the global campaign message for World Refugee Day 2026, highlighting that safety includes legal protection, shelter, healthcare, education, employment, social inclusion, and dignity.
• Refugee Convention: The 1951 Refugee Convention is an international legal framework that defines refugee rights and the obligations of countries to protect refugees.
• Human rights violations: Human rights violations refer to actions that deny people their basic freedoms, dignity, safety, or legal protections.
• Social inclusion: Social inclusion means enabling refugees to participate in society through access to education, healthcare, jobs, legal support, and community life.

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2. What is the theme of International Yoga Day 2026?
A) Yoga for Humanity
B) Yoga for Wellness
C) Yoga for Healthy Ageing
D) Yoga for Global Peace
E) Yoga for Sustainable Living
Answer: C) Yoga for Healthy Ageing.

Event and Location:

• Event: International Yoga Day 2026 was observed to promote the physical, mental, emotional, and wellness benefits of yoga.
• Location: Global, with the main celebration in Kolkata, West Bengal.
• Date: June 21, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The United Nations-recognised observance brings together people, institutions, and communities worldwide to practise and promote yoga.
• Objectives: The 2026 theme aims to encourage healthy ageing, preventive healthcare, mobility, flexibility, mental calmness, and overall well-being through regular yoga practice.

Important Terms Explained:

• Yoga for Healthy Ageing: Yoga for Healthy Ageing is the 2026 theme that focuses on maintaining physical fitness, emotional balance, mobility, and wellness among ageing populations.
• United Nations General Assembly: United Nations General Assembly is the UN body that adopted the resolution declaring June 21 as the International Day of Yoga.
• Summer Solstice: Summer Solstice is the longest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere and is considered significant in yogic philosophy for spiritual growth and self-awareness.
• Ministry of Ayush: Ministry of Ayush is the Indian government ministry responsible for promoting traditional systems of medicine and wellness, including yoga.
• Preventive healthcare: Preventive healthcare refers to practices that help reduce the risk of diseases before they occur, including yoga, fitness, meditation, and lifestyle improvement.

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3. On which date will Father’s Day 2026 be celebrated in many countries including India, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Philippines?
A) June 14
B) June 21
C) July 21
D) May 10
E) June 28
Answer: B) June 21.

Event and Location:

• Event: Father’s Day 2026 will be celebrated to honour fathers and father figures for their love, sacrifices, guidance, and support.
• Location: Global, including India, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Philippines.
• Date: June 21, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The observance celebrates fathers, grandfathers, stepfathers, guardians, mentors, coaches, teachers, and other positive male role models.
• Objectives: It aims to express gratitude, strengthen family bonds, and recognise the emotional, financial, and social contributions of fathers and father figures.

Important Terms Explained:

• Father’s Day: Father’s Day is an annual observance dedicated to honouring fathers and father figures for their role in family life and society.
• Third Sunday of June: Third Sunday of June is the commonly followed date for Father’s Day in several countries, including India, the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom.
• Sonora Smart Dodd: Sonora Smart Dodd was the woman who championed the idea of Father’s Day in the United States to honour her father, a Civil War veteran who raised six children alone.
• Father figures: Father figures are individuals such as grandfathers, stepfathers, guardians, mentors, coaches, and teachers who provide guidance, care, and support.

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

4. According to the Hurun Global Rich List 2026, which city ranked first among the top cities with the most billionaires in 2026?
A) Shenzhen
B) Shanghai
C) New York City
D) London
E) Mumbai
Answer: C) New York City.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Hurun Global Rich List 2026 revealed the top cities with the highest number of billionaires.
• Location: Global.
• Date: March 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The report ranked global cities based on billionaire population, with wealth calculations made as of January 15, 2026.
• Objectives: It aims to highlight global wealth concentration, billionaire growth, and the rise of major financial, technology, and entrepreneurial hubs.

Important Terms Explained:

• Billionaire: A billionaire is an individual whose net worth is at least one billion units of a currency, generally measured in US dollars for global rich lists.
• Hurun Research Institute: Hurun Research Institute is the organisation that publishes wealth reports and rankings, including global billionaire and rich lists.
• Asia’s billionaire hub: Asia’s billionaire hub refers to the city in Asia with the highest concentration of billionaires, which was Shenzhen in the 2026 list.
• Silicon Valley: Silicon Valley refers to a major technology and innovation region, and Shenzhen is often compared to it due to its strong technology and startup ecosystem.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

5. Who became the first Indian to be appointed Vice President of FATF?
A) Vivek Aggarwal
B) Ajay Seth
C) T. V. Somanathan
D) Sanjay Malhotra
E) Rajiv Gauba
Answer: A) Vivek Aggarwal.

Event and Location:

• Event: Vivek Aggarwal was appointed as the first Indian Vice President of the Financial Action Task Force.
• Location: Paris, France.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Vivek Aggarwal was elected Vice President of FATF at the conclusion of its Plenary meeting in Paris for the term from July 2026 to June 2027.
• Objectives: The appointment aims to support FATF’s leadership in strengthening global efforts against money laundering, terrorist financing, and other financial crimes.

Important Terms Explained:

• Financial Action Task Force: The Financial Action Task Force is an intergovernmental organisation established in 1989 to combat money laundering, terrorist financing, and threats to the international financial system.
• Money laundering: Money laundering is the process of disguising illegally obtained money as legitimate income through financial transactions or business activities.
• Terrorist financing: Terrorist financing refers to providing funds or financial support for terrorist activities, organisations, or individuals.
• Financial Intelligence Unit-India: Financial Intelligence Unit-India is India’s national agency responsible for receiving, analysing, and disseminating information related to suspicious financial transactions.
• FATF Plenary: FATF Plenary is the decision-making meeting of FATF members where policy decisions, evaluations, and leadership-related matters are discussed.

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6. Who has been elected as a Judge of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea?
A) Bimal Patel
B) Neeru Chadha
C) Harish Salve
D) Dalveer Bhandari
E) P S Narasimha
Answer: A) Bimal Patel.

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian jurist Bimal Patel was elected as a Judge of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea.
• Location: Hamburg, Germany.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Bimal Patel’s election to ITLOS strengthens India’s representation in an international judicial body dealing with maritime law disputes under UNCLOS.
• Objectives: The development aims to enhance India’s role in global maritime governance, international legal diplomacy, and rule-based multilateral cooperation.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is an independent judicial institution established under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to resolve maritime law disputes.
• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea is an international agreement that defines the legal framework for oceans, maritime rights, marine resources, and maritime dispute settlement.
• Maritime law: Maritime law refers to the body of international rules and principles governing ocean use, navigation, maritime boundaries, fisheries, and marine environmental protection.
• Rule-based international order: Rule-based international order refers to a global system where countries follow agreed laws, treaties, and institutions to resolve disputes peacefully.
• Multilateralism: Multilateralism means cooperation among several countries through international organisations, treaties, and common decision-making frameworks.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

7. Who became the first Indian-origin physicist to win the Wolf Prize in Physics?
A) Jainendra K Jain
B) Satyendra Nath Bose
C) C V Raman
D) Homi J Bhabha
E) Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Answer: A) Jainendra K Jain.

Event and Location:

• Event: Jainendra K Jain became the first Indian-origin physicist to receive the Wolf Prize in Physics.
• Location: Jerusalem, Israel.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The award recognised Jainendra K Jain’s discovery of composite fermions and his major contribution to condensed matter physics.
• Objectives: The recognition highlights a breakthrough that transformed the understanding of the fractional quantum Hall effect and advanced quantum physics research.

Important Terms Explained:

• Composite fermions: Composite fermions are particles proposed by Jainendra K Jain in which electrons combine with quantum vortices to explain unusual fractional conductivity in strong magnetic fields.
• Fractional quantum Hall effect: Fractional quantum Hall effect is a quantum phenomenon observed in ultra-thin semiconductor layers under strong magnetic fields, where electrical conductivity appears in fractional values.
• Condensed matter physics: Condensed matter physics is the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of solid and liquid matter, including quantum behaviour in materials.
• Jain sequences: Jain sequences refer to the fractional quantum Hall states predicted by Jainendra K Jain’s composite fermion theory.
• Qubits: Qubits are quantum bits used in quantum computing to store and process information using principles of quantum mechanics.

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

8. With which company did the Ministry of Defence sign a ₹425 crore contract for 12 indigenous Marine Gas Turbine Generators for the Indian Navy?
A) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
B) Bharat Electronics Limited
C) Bharat Forge Limited
D) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders
E) Cochin Shipyard Limited
Answer: C) Bharat Forge Limited.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Ministry of Defence signed a ₹425 crore contract with Bharat Forge Limited for 12 indigenous Marine Gas Turbine Generators for the Indian Navy.
• Location: New Delhi, India.
• Date: June 19, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The contract mandates Bharat Forge Limited to supply 12 sets of 1.25 MW Marine Gas Turbine Generators under the Buy (Indian) category with more than 60 per cent indigenous content.
• Objectives: The agreement aims to strengthen the Indian Navy’s operational capability, promote domestic defence manufacturing, and support India’s self-reliance in critical defence technologies.

Important Terms Explained:

• Marine Gas Turbine Generators: Marine Gas Turbine Generators are power-generation systems installed on naval warships and combat vessels to provide electricity for combat, radar, communication, surveillance, and weapon systems.
• Buy (Indian) category: Buy (Indian) category is a defence procurement category that prioritises equipment manufactured in India with specified indigenous content.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: Aatmanirbhar Bharat is the Government of India’s initiative to promote self-reliance across key sectors, including defence manufacturing.
• Make in India: Make in India is an initiative aimed at encouraging domestic manufacturing, investment, innovation, and production within India.
• Indigenous content: Indigenous content refers to the share of locally designed, developed, manufactured, or sourced components used in a product or system.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which indigenous hovercraft was inducted into the Indian Coast Guard as its first homegrown Air Cushion Vehicle?
A) H-561
B) H-251
C) ACV-101
D) ICG-601
E) H-751
Answer: A) H-561.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Indian Coast Guard inducted its first indigenous hovercraft, H-561.
• Location: Goa, India.
• Date: June 18, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The induction adds the first indigenously built Air Cushion Vehicle to the Indian Coast Guard’s fleet, developed by Chowgule & Company Private Limited.
• Objectives: The hovercraft aims to strengthen coastal surveillance, rapid response, search and rescue operations, and maritime security in challenging coastal areas.

Important Terms Explained:

• Air Cushion Vehicle: Air Cushion Vehicle is a hovercraft that moves on a cushion of air generated by lift fans and can operate over land, shallow water, mudflats, beaches, marshlands, and wetlands.
• Hovercraft: Hovercraft is a high-mobility vehicle capable of travelling across both land and water, making it useful for coastal patrol and emergency response operations.
• Make in India: Make in India is a Government of India initiative that promotes domestic manufacturing, indigenous design, and reduced dependence on imported platforms.
• Coastal surveillance: Coastal surveillance refers to monitoring coastal zones, sea routes, creeks, and vulnerable maritime areas to detect threats and ensure security.
• Maritime security: Maritime security involves protecting coastal waters, ports, vessels, sea routes, and maritime interests from threats such as smuggling, illegal activities, and security breaches.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

10. which animal has been recognised as the world’s oldest known land animal at 194 years?
A) Harriet the Tortoise
B) Jonathan the Tortoise
C) Adwaita the Tortoise
D) Tu’i Malila the Tortoise
E) Lonesome George
Answer: B) Jonathan the Tortoise.

Event and Location:

• Event: Jonathan the Tortoise was recognised as the world’s oldest known land animal and the oldest recorded turtle.
• Location: St Helena, South Atlantic Ocean.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The recognition identifies Jonathan, a 194-year-old Seychelles giant tortoise, as the oldest known terrestrial animal according to Guinness World Records.
• Objectives: The recognition highlights the exceptional longevity of giant tortoises and supports scientific interest in ageing, cellular repair, and long-life biological systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• Seychelles giant tortoise: Seychelles giant tortoise is one of the largest tortoise species in the world and is known for its exceptional lifespan.
• Guinness World Records: Guinness World Records is an authority that records and verifies global achievements and natural records, including longevity records of animals.
• Terrestrial animal: Terrestrial animal refers to an animal that primarily lives on land rather than in water.
• DNA: DNA is the genetic material in living organisms that carries biological instructions and helps scientists study ageing, traits, and cellular functions.
• Slow metabolism: Slow metabolism refers to a lower rate of energy use in the body, which is believed to contribute to the long lifespan of giant tortoises.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs June 20 & 21

11. Which court declared the right to walk on safe and demarcated footpaths as a fundamental right?
A) Delhi High Court
B) Supreme Court of India
C) National Green Tribunal
D) Law Commission of India
E) Motor Accident Claims Tribunal
Answer: B) Supreme Court of India.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Supreme Court of India declared the right to walk on safe and demarcated footpaths as a fundamental right.
• Location: India.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The judgment recognised pedestrian safety as part of constitutional rights and urged the government to create a dedicated legal framework for protecting pedestrians.
• Objectives: The decision aims to ensure safe footpaths, pedestrian crossings, clear walking zones, and legal remedies for citizens affected by unsafe pedestrian infrastructure.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fundamental Right: A fundamental right is a basic constitutional right guaranteed under Part III of the Constitution of India and enforceable through legal remedies.
• Article 19(1)(d): Article 19(1)(d) guarantees citizens the freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India.
• Article 21: Article 21 protects the right to life and personal liberty, which includes safety, dignity, and secure access to public spaces.
• Motor Accident Claims Tribunal: The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal is a legal body that decides compensation claims related to road accidents and motor vehicle injuries.
• Motor Vehicles Act, 1988: The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 regulates road transport, vehicle registration, traffic rules, and compensation-related matters in India.

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12. Where will Prime Minister Narendra Modi lay the foundation stone of India’s first commercial-scale coal-to-ammonium nitrate project?
A) Lakhanpur, Odisha
B) Korba, Chhattisgarh
C) Dhanbad, Jharkhand
D) Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh
E) Talcher, Odisha
Answer: A) Lakhanpur, Odisha.

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s first commercial-scale coal-to-ammonium nitrate project will have its foundation stone laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
• Location: Lakhanpur, Jharsuguda district, Odisha.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The project will convert coal into ammonium nitrate using indigenous coal gasification technology and will be developed by Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited.
• Objectives: The project aims to boost domestic production of ammonium nitrate, reduce import dependence, strengthen energy security, and support industrial growth in India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Coal gasification: Coal gasification is an industrial process that converts coal into synthesis gas, which can be used to produce chemicals, fuels, and other value-added products.
• Ammonium nitrate: Ammonium nitrate is an important industrial chemical used mainly in explosives, mining, quarrying, and fertiliser-related applications.
• Syngas: Syngas is a gas mixture mainly containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide, produced through coal gasification and used as a feedstock for industrial chemicals.
• Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited: Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited is a joint venture between Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and Coal India Limited for developing the Lakhanpur coal gasification project.
• Ministry of Coal incentive scheme: The Ministry of Coal incentive scheme supports surface coal and lignite gasification projects to promote investment and reduce import dependence.

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13. Where did NHAI launch Rajasthan’s first barrier-free Multi-Lane Free Flow tolling system?
A) Daulatpura Toll Plaza
B) Shahjahanpur Toll Plaza
C) Manoharpur Toll Plaza
D) Chorayasi Toll Plaza
E) Mundka Bakkarwala Toll Plaza
Answer: A) Daulatpura Toll Plaza.

Event and Location:

• Event: NHAI launched Rajasthan’s first barrier-free Multi-Lane Free Flow tolling system.
• Location: Daulatpura Toll Plaza on the Delhi-Jaipur section of NH-48, Rajasthan.
• Date: June 20, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The system introduces automated barrier-free toll collection using FASTag, Automatic Number Plate Recognition, and digital monitoring mechanisms.
• Objectives: It aims to reduce congestion, enable faster toll collection, improve fuel efficiency, lower emissions, and ensure smoother movement on the Delhi-Jaipur corridor.

Important Terms Explained:

• Multi-Lane Free Flow tolling system: Multi-Lane Free Flow tolling system is an electronic toll collection method that allows vehicles to pass toll points without stopping or slowing down significantly.
• Automatic Number Plate Recognition: Automatic Number Plate Recognition is a camera-based technology that captures and identifies vehicle registration numbers for automated toll processing.
• FASTag: FASTag is an electronic toll collection system that uses radio-frequency identification technology to deduct toll charges digitally from a linked account.
• Barrier-free travel: Barrier-free travel refers to vehicle movement through tolling points without physical barriers, reducing waiting time and improving traffic flow.
• NH-48: NH-48 is a major National Highway that includes the busy Delhi-Jaipur section where the Daulatpura MLFF tolling system has been launched.

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Over All Review

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