Daily Current Affairs December 25

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December 25 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs December 25

1. Why is Good Governance Day observed on 25th December each year in India?
A) To celebrate India’s Constitution adoption
B) To promote environmental awareness
C) To mark the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee
D) To honour rural development schemes
E) To observe National Voters’ Day
Answer: C) To mark the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Event and Location:

• Event: Observance of Good Governance Day 2025
• Location: Nationwide, India
• Date: 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Good Governance Day is observed annually on 25 December to commemorate the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee and promote citizen-centric governance.
• Objectives: To reinforce the values of transparency, accountability, and effective public service delivery; to honour the governance philosophy of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, and to encourage citizen engagement and ethical leadership in administration.

Important Terms Explained:

• Good Governance Day: Instituted in 2014, this annual observance honours the legacy of Atal Bihari Vajpayee by promoting values such as transparency, accountability, citizen participation, and ethical governance.
• Good Governance (World Bank definition): “The manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources for development.” It includes rule of law, responsiveness, efficiency, and inclusiveness.
• PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation): A digital governance platform launched by the Indian government for real-time monitoring and review of public projects and grievance redressal.
• MyGov Platform: A citizen engagement platform launched in 2014 to promote people’s participation in governance through polls, suggestions, and discussions.

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs December 25

2. Who became the youngest centurion in List A cricket after scoring a 36-ball hundred in the Vijay Hazare Trophy 2025-26?
A) Riaz Hassan
B) Zahoor Elahi
C) Vaibhav Suryavanshi
D) Usman Tariq
E) Nasir Jamshed
Answer: C) Vaibhav Suryavanshi

Event and Location:

• Event: Vaibhav Suryavanshi becomes youngest List A centurion
• Location: JSCA Oval, Ranchi, Jharkhand
• Date: 25 December 2025 (Vijay Hazare Trophy 2025-26 opener)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Fourteen-year-old Vaibhav Suryavanshi scored a blazing 190 off 84 balls, including a 36-ball century, for Bihar against Arunachal Pradesh in the Vijay Hazare Trophy, becoming the youngest centurion in men’s List A cricket history.
• Objectives:
  • To showcase the rising talent in India’s domestic cricket system
  • Highlight the emergence of young cricketers from non-traditional cricketing states like Bihar
  • Inspire youth participation in domestic cricket and strengthen the Indian talent pipeline

Important Terms Explained:

• List A Cricket: A format of limited-overs cricket with 40 to 60 overs per side. It is the domestic one-day equivalent to international ODIs (One Day Internationals).
• Vijay Hazare Trophy: India’s premier domestic one-day tournament, organized by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI). It serves as a platform for emerging players to showcase their skills.
• Fastest List A Century by Indian (Second-Fastest): Vaibhav’s 36-ball century is now the second-fastest List A ton by an Indian, highlighting his explosive batting prowess and potential.

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3. What is the name of the official mascot of the inaugural Khelo India Tribal Games?
A) Sherveer
B) Bharatveer
C) Morveer
D) Jungveer
E) Adivir
Answer: C) Morveer

Event and Location:

• Event: Logo, Mascot, and Theme Song unveiled for Khelo India Tribal Games
• Location: Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh
• Date: December 25, 2025 (unveiling); Games start on February 14, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of the logo, mascot Morveer, and theme song for the inaugural Khelo India Tribal Games, with event structure and disciplines announced.
• Objectives: To promote tribal inclusion in mainstream sports, identify grassroots talent from tribal areas, and provide structured support under the Khelo India Scheme.

Important Terms Explained:

• Khelo India Scheme: A national programme launched by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports to promote grassroots sports participation, talent identification, and athletic excellence.
• Morveer: Official mascot of the Khelo India Tribal Games; represents tribal pride, bravery, and community identity. The name combines ‘Mor’ (mine) and ‘Veer’ (brave).
• Event of National Importance: A designation under the Sports Broadcasting Signals Act, 2007 that ensures live broadcast rights of important national sports events, such as Khelo India Games, are accessible and prioritized.

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs December 25

4. Which state has achieved the highest rooftop solar installed capacity in India as of December 2025?
A) Maharashtra
B) Rajasthan
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Gujarat
E) Karnataka
Answer: D) Gujarat

Event and Location:

• Event: Gujarat becomes India’s leading state in rooftop solar capacity
• Location: Gujarat, India
• Date: 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Gujarat has achieved 1,879 MW of rooftop solar installed capacity and completed 50% of its target to install 1 million residential rooftop systems by March 2027 under the PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana.
• Objectives: To promote clean, affordable energy, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, and achieve India’s renewable energy goals by incentivizing residential solar adoption through financial and policy support.

Important Terms Explained:

• PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana: A central government scheme launched to promote residential rooftop solar installations, providing subsidies and support to households to access free or low-cost solar electricity.
• Rooftop Solar Systems: Solar photovoltaic (PV) panels installed on rooftops of homes or buildings to generate electricity for self-consumption or sale back to the grid, supporting clean energy transition.
• Subsidy Structure in Gujarat:
  • ₹30,000 per kW for systems up to 2 kW
  • ₹18,000 per kW for 2–3 kW systems
  • Maximum subsidy of ₹78,000 for larger systems
• These help reduce upfront costs and boost rural and urban solar penetration.

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5. What is the current Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in India as per the latest data, following a rise in institutional deliveries to 89%?
A) 103 per 1,00,000 live births
B) 110 per 1,00,000 live births
C) 97 per 1,00,000 live births
D) 84 per 1,00,000 live births
E) 130 per 1,00,000 live births
Answer: C) 97 per 1,00,000 live births

Event and Location:

• Event: Sharp decline in Maternal Mortality Ratio with rise in institutional deliveries
• Location: Pan-India (urban and rural coverage)
• Date: Data and observation as of December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Increase institutional deliveries across India to ensure skilled birth attendance and emergency care.
  • Reduce Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) through improved access to quality maternal healthcare.
• Objectives:
  • Achieve UN SDG 3.1 target of reducing MMR below 70 per 1,00,000 live births by 2030.
  • Promote safe motherhood, reduce maternal and neonatal deaths, and provide equitable access to healthcare services.
  • Strengthen public health infrastructure to ensure quality antenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care.

Important Terms Explained:

• Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR):
  • The number of maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births due to pregnancy-related causes.
  • A key global indicator of maternal health outcomes.
• Institutional Delivery:
  • Childbirth that occurs in a health facility (public or private) under the supervision of skilled medical professionals, ensuring timely medical intervention.
• Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY):
  • Launched under National Health Mission, it provides cash incentives to promote institutional deliveries among poor pregnant women.
• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY):
  • A maternity benefit scheme offering financial assistance to pregnant and lactating women for their first live birth.
  • PMMVY 2.0 under Mission Shakti includes an additional incentive if the second child is a girl.
• LaQshya Programme:
  • Aims to improve quality of care in labour rooms and maternity operation theatres in public health facilities.

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs December 25

6. What is the main objective of Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust (RIIT) recently approved by SEBI?
A) To privatize toll plazas
B) To digitize traffic data
C) To monetize operational highway assets via public investment
D) To build new railway stations
E) To regulate fuel pricing on highways
Answer: C) To monetize operational highway assets via public investment

Event and Location:

• Event: SEBI approval for Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust (RIIT) as a Public InvIT
• Location: India (National Infrastructure Domain)
• Date: 24 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has approved Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust (RIIT), sponsored by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), to operate as a Public Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT).
• Objectives:
  • To monetize operational national highway assets, create a long-term investment opportunity for retail investors, support India’s infrastructure financing strategy, and enable broader public participation in national highway development.

Important Terms Explained:

• Raajmarg Infra Investment Trust (RIIT): A Public InvIT sponsored by NHAI, designed to monetize highway assets and allow retail investors to participate in infrastructure investment through market instruments.
• Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT): A SEBI-regulated trust-based investment vehicle allowing infrastructure developers to raise capital by leasing revenue-generating infrastructure assets (like highways, power grids) to investors in exchange for returns.
• Raajmarg Infra Investment Managers Pvt. Ltd. (RIIMPL): The Investment Manager of RIIT, backed by key financial institutions like SBI, PNB, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, etc., tasked with managing investor capital and asset performance.

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7. According to Goldman Sachs, what is India’s projected GDP growth rate for 2027?
A) 6.5%
B) 6.2%
C) 6.8%
D) 7.1%
E) 6.0%
Answer: C) 6.8%

Event and Location:

• Event: Goldman Sachs forecasts India’s GDP growth for 2026 and 2027
• Location: India (Global Economic Outlook Report)
• Date: 25 December 2025 (report released)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Goldman Sachs has projected India’s real GDP growth at 6.7% in 2026 and 6.8% in 2027, reflecting a strong growth trajectory compared to global averages.
• Objectives:
  • To highlight India’s role as a leading growth engine among major economies
  • To underscore the importance of domestic demand, infrastructure investment, and macroeconomic stability in sustaining high growth
  • To provide an economic outlook for monetary policy, inflation, and global comparisons

Important Terms Explained:

• Real GDP Growth: The rate at which a country’s economy grows after adjusting for inflation, reflecting true increases in the value of goods and services.
• Goldman Sachs: A leading global investment banking and financial services firm, known for its economic forecasts, global market reports, and financial advisory roles.
• Domestic Demand: Refers to consumer spending, investment, and government expenditure within a country, which drives economic growth independent of exports.
• Accommodative Monetary Policy: A central bank policy that keeps interest rates low or maintains liquidity to support economic expansion, especially when inflation is low or moderate.

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Books and Authors – Daily Current Affairs December 25

8. Who released the final series (Volumes 12–23) of The Collected Works of Madan Mohan Malaviya in December 2025?
A) Prime Minister of India
B) President of India
C) Union Minister of Education
D) Vice President of India
E) Minister of Culture
Answer: D) Vice President of India

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of final series (Volumes 12–23) of The Collected Works of Madan Mohan Malaviya
• Location: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
• Date: 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Vice President of India, Shri C. P. Radhakrishnan, released Volumes 12–23 of The Collected Works of Madan Mohan Malaviya, a bilingual archival publication documenting Malaviya Ji’s political, legal, industrial, and spiritual legacy.
• Objectives: To preserve and disseminate the intellectual, political, and spiritual contributions of Mahamana Madan Mohan Malaviya; to provide researchers and students with comprehensive documentation of his parliamentary speeches, legal cases, industrial efforts, and participation in national events like the Poona Pact and Round Table Conferences.

Important Terms Explained:

• The Collected Works of Madan Mohan Malaviya: A 23-volume bilingual publication capturing the life and legacy of Bharat Ratna Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya, covering his speeches, legal career, and spiritual teachings; Volumes 1–11 were released in 2023, and Volumes 12–23 in 2025.
• Poona Pact: A historic agreement in 1932 between Dr. B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on the political representation of Dalits; Malaviya played a critical role in its negotiations.
• Second Round Table Conference (1931): A major constitutional conference in London attended by Indian leaders including Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Malaviya to discuss India’s future governance under British rule.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs December 25

9. Who has been appointed as the new Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL) as of December 2025?
A) V.K. Tripathi
B) Satish Agnihotri
C) Saleem Ahmad
D) Anil Kumar Lahoti
E) Rajesh Kumar Singh
Answer: C) Saleem Ahmad

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Saleem Ahmad as CMD of Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)
• Location: India (Ministry of Railways jurisdiction)
• Date: 23 December 2025 (officially assumed office)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Saleem Ahmad has taken charge as the new Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of RVNL, a key organization under the Ministry of Railways, responsible for executing major railway infrastructure projects.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen and modernize India’s railway infrastructure
  • To enhance project execution, including track doubling, electrification, and connectivity
  • To leverage Ahmad’s vast metro, port, and construction experience for improving railway development outcomes

Important Terms Explained:

• Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL): A central public sector enterprise under the Ministry of Railways, tasked with implementing critical rail development projects across India such as new lines, electrification, gauge conversion, and capacity enhancement.
• Chairman and Managing Director (CMD): The top executive position in a PSU, responsible for strategic leadership, coordination with government ministries, and timely execution of infrastructure projects.
• NBCC (India) Ltd: A Government of India Navratna PSU under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, involved in construction, redevelopment, and infrastructure development projects.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs December 25

10. When will the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2025 be conferred, and by whom?
A) On 25 December by the Prime Minister of India
B) On 26 December by the Union Minister for Women and Child Development
C) On 26 December by the President of India
D) On 27 December by the Chief Justice of India
E) On 25 December by the Vice President of India
Answer: C) On 26 December by the President of India

Event and Location:

• Event: National celebration of Veer Bal Diwas and conferment of Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2025
• Location: Bharat Mandapam & Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
• Date: 26 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Women and Child Development will observe Veer Bal Diwas nationally and facilitate the President of India in conferring the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (PMRBP) on 20 selected children for their outstanding achievements.
• Objectives: To honour the courage, resilience, and excellence of India’s children, celebrate their contributions in various fields, and reinforce national values and identity through the stories of brave and inspiring young citizens.

Important Terms Explained:

• Veer Bal Diwas: A national observance initiated by the Government of India to commemorate the bravery and sacrifices of young heroes from Indian history, particularly to inspire courage and patriotism in today’s youth.
• Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar (PMRBP): An annual national award recognizing exceptional children (aged 5–18) for their achievements in Bravery, Art & Culture, Environment, Innovation, Social Service, Science & Technology, and Sports.
• Viksit Bharat@2047: A long-term vision of the Government of India aimed at transforming India into a developed nation by the year 2047, the centenary of Indian independence.

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs December 25

11. Where will Maharashtra’s first dedicated Raisin Research Centre be established?
A) Nashik
B) Aurangabad
C) Kolhapur
D) Pune
E) Sangli
Answer: E) Sangli

Event and Location:

• Event: Establishment of a dedicated Raisin Research Centre under Shivaji University
• Location: Sangli, Maharashtra
• Date: 25 December 2025 (approval announced)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Senate of Shivaji University, Kolhapur, has approved in principle the setting up of a dedicated Raisin Research Centre in Sangli, Maharashtra, to support raisin growers with scientific and technical assistance.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance raisin quality and processing standards
  • To address challenges like export competition and rising imports
  • To promote value addition, skill development, and export-readiness
  • To increase farmer income and improve Maharashtra’s global standing in the raisin sector

Important Terms Explained:

• Raisin Research Centre: A specialized institution for scientific research, training, and value chain development in raisin production, processing, and marketing to support grape-growing regions like Sangli.
• Shivaji University: A public university located in Kolhapur, Maharashtra, responsible for establishing and managing the raisin research centre under its academic framework.
• Phased Rollout Plan: A two-stage implementation process starting with temporary operations and moving to a permanent campus with expanded research, training, and staffing in future phases.

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12. What is the primary goal of Russia’s proposed lunar power plant project scheduled for 2036?
A) To power satellites orbiting Earth
B) To supply energy to Martian missions
C) To support the International Lunar Research Station on the Moon
D) To launch a space tourism program
E) To mine helium on the Moon
Answer: C) To support the International Lunar Research Station on the Moon

Event and Location:

• Event: Russia announces plan to build a lunar power plant by 2036
• Location: The Moon (International Lunar Research Station site)
• Date: Announcement made on 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Roscosmos, Russia’s space agency, has announced plans to build a power plant on the Moon by 2036 to support long-term lunar operations in collaboration with China under the International Lunar Research Station project.
• Objectives:
  • Provide continuous energy to lunar rovers, observatories, and permanent infrastructure
  • Enable long-duration human and robotic missions on the Moon
  • Reduce reliance on solar power in extreme lunar conditions
  • Reassert Russia’s presence in global space exploration

Important Terms Explained:

• Roscosmos: Russia’s national space agency, responsible for the country’s space science programs and missions, including lunar and planetary exploration.
• International Lunar Research Station (ILRS): A proposed joint Russia-China lunar base, designed to host scientific infrastructure and enable permanent human and robotic presence on the Moon.
• Nuclear Power for Space Missions: Nuclear energy is preferred for space applications due to its reliability, long operational life, and ability to function during long lunar nights (which last about 14 Earth days), where solar power is inadequate.
• Rosatom & Kurchatov Institute: Russia’s leading nuclear technology organizations, strongly indicating that the proposed Moon power plant will be nuclear-powered.

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs December 25

13. What is the destination of INSV Kaundinya’s maiden voyage retracing ancient maritime routes?
A) Colombo
B) Jakarta
C) Muscat
D) Male
E) Aden
Answer: C) Muscat

Event and Location:

• Event: INSV Kaundinya’s maiden voyage retracing ancient maritime routes
• Location: Porbandar (India) to Muscat (Oman)
• Date: December 29, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of INSV Kaundinya, a stitched sailing vessel built using ancient Indian shipbuilding techniques, for its maiden international voyage.
• Objectives: To symbolically retrace historic maritime trade routes, revive indigenous shipbuilding traditions, and highlight India’s ancient seafaring heritage.

Important Terms Explained:

• INSV Kaundinya: A stitched sailing vessel built without nails or metal fasteners, using ancient Indian shipbuilding methods involving wooden planks stitched with coconut coir.
• Stitched-Plank Construction: A traditional shipbuilding technique where wooden planks are sewn together using coir ropes and sealed with natural resin, providing flexibility and durability in oceanic conditions.
• Kaundinya: A legendary ancient Indian mariner believed to have sailed to Southeast Asia, representing India’s maritime and cultural reach in ancient times.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 25

14. Which country is restarting the world’s largest nuclear power plant, Kashiwazaki-Kariwa, to reduce fossil fuel dependence?
A) South Korea
B) China
C) Russia
D) France
E) Japan
Answer: E) Japan

Event and Location:

• Event: Japan to restart the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant
• Location: Japan (Kashiwazaki and Kariwa towns, Niigata Prefecture)
• Date: December 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Restart of operations at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant, the world’s largest nuclear facility, operated by TEPCO
• Objectives: To reduce carbon emissions, lower dependence on fossil fuel imports, and achieve Japan’s clean energy and energy security goals

Important Terms Explained:

• Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant: A nuclear power facility in Japan with a capacity of ~8,200 MW, making it the largest in the world
• TEPCO (Tokyo Electric Power Company): The company operating the plant, also responsible during the Fukushima nuclear crisis
• Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: A 2011 incident caused by a tsunami and earthquake that led to nuclear meltdowns, prompting the shutdown of all nuclear plants in Japan

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs December 25

15. Which phase of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) aims to connect 25,000 habitations through 62,500 km of roads between 2024–29?
A) PMGSY Phase I
B) PMGSY Phase II
C) PMGSY Phase III
D) PMGSY Phase IV
E) RCPLWEA Scheme
Answer: D) PMGSY Phase IV

Event and Location:

• Event: 25th Anniversary Celebration of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
• Location: India (National Implementation)
• Date: 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India, through the Ministry of Rural Development, commemorated 25 years of PMGSY, highlighting achievements across all four phases, technological advancements, and future plans including PMGSY Phase IV (2024–29).
• Objectives: To ensure all-weather rural road connectivity, reduce poverty, promote rural market access, and boost socio-economic development through resilient and sustainable rural infrastructure backed by digital monitoring and quality assurance systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): A flagship rural infrastructure scheme launched in 2000 to provide all-weather road connectivity to previously unconnected rural habitations across India.
• PMGSY-IV (2024–29): The fourth phase aims to connect 25,000 habitations via 62,500 km of roads with an outlay of ₹70,125 crore, focusing on last-mile rural access based on Census 2011 data.
• Online Management, Monitoring, and Accounting System (OMMAS): A centralized digital system used for real-time tracking of PMGSY road projects, financial data, quality assurance reports, and progress updates.
• e-MARG: A digital platform to ensure post-construction maintenance of PMGSY roads during the Defect Liability Period (DLP) using performance-based contract monitoring.
• RCPLWEA (2016): Road Connectivity Project for Left Wing Extremism Affected Areas, aiming to enhance security mobility and socio-economic development in 44 severely affected districts.
• Three-Tier Quality Monitoring System: Includes inspections by executing agencies, State Quality Monitors (SQMs), and National Quality Monitors (NQMs) with reports uploaded on OMMAS for transparency.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 25

16. What is the primary purpose of the newly inaugurated Rashtra Prerna Sthal in Lucknow?
A) Promote religious tourism
B) Host international summits
C) Commemorate national leaders and inspire governance
D) Display scientific innovations
E) Conduct administrative training programs
Answer: C) Commemorate national leaders and inspire governance

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Rashtra Prerna Sthal on Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s 101st birth anniversary
• Location: Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Rashtra Prerna Sthal, an inspirational memorial housing statues and an ultra-modern museum in lotus shape.
• Objectives: The memorial aims to honor the contributions of national leaders like Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, and Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay, and inspire future generations with values of nationalism, good governance, unity, and self-reliance.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rashtra Prerna Sthal: A modern memorial complex shaped like a lotus, inaugurated in Lucknow to commemorate national leaders and showcase the spirit of selfless leadership and good governance.
• Good Governance Day: Celebrated annually on 25 December to mark the birth anniversary of Atal Bihari Vajpayee, highlighting principles of transparency, accountability, and citizen-first governance.
• Antyodaya: A philosophy propounded by Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay focusing on uplifting the last person in the queue through inclusive and equitable development.

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17. What is the total length and cost of the three newly approved corridors under Delhi Metro Phase V (A)?
A) 15.2 km, ₹10,500 crore
B) 20.1 km, ₹11,000 crore
C) 16.076 km, ₹12,014.91 crore
D) 18.9 km, ₹9,500 crore
E) 16.5 km, ₹13,000 crore
Answer: C) 16.076 km, ₹12,014.91 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of three new corridors under Delhi Metro Phase V (A)
• Location: Delhi, India
• Date: 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved three new corridors under Delhi Metro Phase V (A), totaling 16.076 km, with a cost of ₹12,014.91 crore.
• Objectives: To strengthen connectivity in Central Delhi, South Delhi, and IGI Airport Terminal 1, reduce traffic congestion and pollution, and improve last-mile urban mobility through clean and efficient public transport.

Important Terms Explained:

• Delhi Metro Phase V (A): A focused metro expansion plan involving three corridors totaling 16.076 km, aimed at improving access to Central Vista, Airport Terminal 1, and South Delhi, with 13 new stations (10 underground, 3 elevated).
• Central Vista: A major redevelopment project in the heart of New Delhi, housing government offices and key administrative buildings. The new corridor will offer direct metro connectivity to this high-density office zone.
• Aerocity – IGI Airport Terminal 1 Corridor: A 2.263 km corridor designed to offer seamless access for air travellers and airport staff to Terminal 1 of the Indira Gandhi International Airport.

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18. Where was India’s largest circular stone labyrinth, dating back to the Satavahana period, discovered?
A) Satara
B) Sangli
C) Kolhapur
D) Solapur
E) Nashik
Answer: D) Solapur

Event and Location:

• Event: Discovery of India’s largest circular stone labyrinth
• Location: Boramani grasslands, Solapur district, Maharashtra
• Date: December 25, 2025 (reported)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Archaeologists uncovered a 2,000-year-old circular stone labyrinth with 15 concentric rings during an excavation in Maharashtra.
• Objectives: To understand ancient navigation systems and explore evidence of Indo-Roman trade and cultural exchanges during the Satavahana period.

Important Terms Explained:

• Satavahana Dynasty: An ancient Indian dynasty that ruled parts of the Deccan Plateau between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE, known for promoting trade and cultural exchanges with the Roman Empire.
• Labyrinth: A complex, usually circular structure made of concentric paths or circuits; historically used for ritual, symbolic, or navigational purposes.
• Indo-Roman Trade: The commercial exchange of goods such as spices, gems, and textiles between India and the Roman Empire during ancient times, especially along coastal and inland trade routes.

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Over All Review

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