Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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October 25 & 26 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Sports – Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

1. Who was the highest wicket-taker for India in the 3rd ODI against Australia on October 25, 2025?
A) Axar Patel
B) Harshit Rana
C) Mohammed Siraj
D) Washington Sundar
E) Kuldeep Yadav
Answer: B) Harshit Rana

Event and Location:

• Event: India defeats Australia by 9 wickets in the 3rd ODI
• Location: Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney, Australia
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India played the third and final One-Day International (ODI) against Australia and secured a convincing 9-wicket win, powered by Rohit Sharma’s unbeaten century, Virat Kohli’s 74 runs*, and Harshit Rana’s 4-wicket haul.
• Objectives: To conclude the 3-match bilateral ODI series on a strong note despite losing the series 1–2, and to test player combinations ahead of upcoming tournaments.

Important Terms Explained:

• ODI (One Day International): A limited-overs format of cricket where each team faces a maximum of 50 overs.
• Unbeaten Century: A score of 100 or more runs by a batsman who remains not out at the end of the innings.
• Bowling Figures 4/39: Indicates the bowler took 4 wickets while conceding 39 runs in their bowling spell.
• Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG): One of Australia’s most iconic cricket stadiums, located in Sydney, often hosting international matches.

Tabular Summary:

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2. Who scored his maiden First Class century for Punjab in the Ranji Trophy match against Kerala in October 2025?
A) Salil Arora
B) Harnoor Singh Pannu
C) Basil Thampi
D) Ankit Rajpoot
E) B. Aparajith
Answer: B) Harnoor Singh Pannu

Event and Location:

• Event: Harnoor Singh Pannu scores maiden First Class century in Ranji Trophy
• Location: PCA New Cricket Stadium, Ground B, New Chandigarh
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Punjab faced Kerala in a Ranji Trophy Group B match.
  • Harnoor Singh Pannu scored 126 not out, marking his maiden First Class century.
• Objectives:
  • To stabilize Punjab’s innings after a batting collapse where the team slipped to 152 for 5.
  • Build partnerships and ensure Punjab ends Day 1 in a competitive position.

Important Terms Explained:

• First Class Century:
  • A milestone in cricket when a player scores 100 or more runs in a single innings in a first-class match. It is a key career achievement, especially for domestic players.
• Ranji Trophy:
  • India’s premier domestic First Class cricket tournament, established in 1934, played between state and regional teams.
• Partnership:
  • The number of runs scored by two batsmen while they are at the crease together without losing a wicket. Pannu and Arora added 74 runs, helping to stabilize the innings.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

3. What was the cause of death of veteran actor Satish Shah?
A) Cardiac arrest
B) Kidney failure
C) Cancer
D) Brain hemorrhage
E) Liver cirrhosis
Answer: B) Kidney failure

Event and Location:

• Event: Demise and funeral of veteran actor Satish Shah
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: October 25, 2025 (Death), October 26, 2025 (Funeral)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Veteran actor Satish Shah, aged 74, passed away due to kidney failure in Mumbai, and his last rites were held at Pawan Hans crematorium in Vile Parle West, Mumbai, attended by several film and television personalities.
• Objectives: The funeral served to honor the life and contributions of a legendary actor whose comedic roles and iconic performances left a lasting impact on Indian entertainment.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sarabhai vs Sarabhai: A cult Indian sitcom where Satish Shah played the memorable role of Indravadan Sarabhai, known for his impeccable comic timing.
• Antim Darshan: A Hindi term referring to the final viewing of the deceased before cremation, typically attended by family, friends, and well-wishers.
• Pawan Hans Crematorium: A prominent cremation ground in Vile Parle West, Mumbai, often used for final rites of prominent individuals in the film industry.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

4. What was the primary reason behind SBI Life Insurance’s 6.6% dip in net profit for Q2FY26?
A) Decline in premium collections
B) Higher claims
C) GST reform impact
D) Reduced commission payouts
E) Regulatory penalty
Answer: C) GST reform impact

Event and Location:

• Event: SBI Life Insurance Q2FY26 financial results announcement
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra (Corporate Headquarters)
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: SBI Life Insurance reported a 6.6% year-on-year drop in net profit to ₹494.59 crore for Q2FY26, due to transitional impact from revised GST reforms affecting margins and expenses.
• Objectives: To maintain profitability and premium growth while adjusting to the structural impact of the GST policy change, which prevents life insurers from claiming input tax credits on various costs like commissions.

Important Terms Explained:

• GST Reform (Life Insurance): A recent change in GST policy where insurers cannot claim input tax credits on input costs such as commissions and brokerage, thereby increasing their effective tax burden and lowering profitability.
• Net Premium Income: Total premium earned by the insurer, excluding any reinsurance costs. SBI Life saw a 22.6% increase, reaching ₹24,848.31 crore in Q2FY26.
• Embedded Value (EV): A life insurer’s economic worth, calculated as the sum of the present value of future profits and net asset value. SBI Life’s EV grew 15% YoY to ₹76,000 crore as of September 30, 2025.
• Value of New Business (VoNB): Present value of future profits from new policies sold in a specific period. VoNB for H1FY26 stood at ₹2,750 crore, a 14% YoY growth.
• Expenses of Management (EoM): Operational costs incurred by the insurer. SBI Life’s EoM rose 27.9% YoY in Q2FY26.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Which Indian state’s IT Minister invited Australian firms to invest during his visit to Melbourne in October 2025?
A) Karnataka
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Telangana
E) Maharashtra
Answer: D) Telangana

Event and Location:

• Event: Telangana IT Minister invites Australian firms to collaborate and invest in the state
• Location: Melbourne and Sydney, Australia
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Telangana IT and Industries Minister D. Sridhar Babu, during an official visit to Australia, invited Indian-origin CEOs and leading Australian firms to invest in Telangana and collaborate in its ‘Rising Telangana’ economic growth journey.
• Objectives: To strengthen Australia–Telangana business ties, attract FDI into the state’s tech and industrial sectors, and position Telangana as a preferred investment destination in India through its stable governance, digital infrastructure, and economic resilience.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rising Telangana: A government-driven branding initiative to promote Telangana’s image as a rapidly growing, investment-ready state with a focus on innovation, digital transformation, and inclusive development.
• Centre for Australia–India Relations: An Australian government initiative promoting deeper economic, cultural, and strategic ties between the two countries, facilitating platforms like business conclaves for mutual engagement.
• FDI (Foreign Direct Investment): Investment from foreign entities into domestic businesses or infrastructure. Minister Sridhar Babu sought to attract FDI from Australian tech and manufacturing firms.

Tabular Summary:

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6. The World Bank has approved a loan of over ₹2,450 crore for which Indian state’s health system improvement programme in October 2025?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Maharashtra
C) West Bengal
D) Kerala
E) Karnataka
Answer: D) Kerala

Event and Location:

• Event: World Bank loan approval for health system strengthening programme
• Location: Kerala, India
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The World Bank approved a $280 million (₹2,450 crore) loan to support Kerala’s health system transformation, focusing on preventive and long-term care for the elderly and patients with chronic illnesses.
• Objectives:
  • Improve life expectancy and quality of life of 11 million elderly and vulnerable people.
  • Ensure a 40% increase in patients whose hypertension is controlled.
  • Achieve a 60% increase in cervical and breast cancer screenings for women.
  • Establish home-based care models for bedridden and housebound patients.
  • Enable 90% treatment coverage for registered hypertension and diabetes patients using electronic tracking.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Bank: An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low and middle-income countries for development projects in sectors like health, education, infrastructure, etc.
• Electronic Tracking Mechanism: A digital system for monitoring and managing chronic disease patients such as those with hypertension and diabetes, ensuring consistent follow-up and personalized care.
• Home-Based Care Model: A healthcare delivery model where medical services are provided at a patient’s home, especially for the elderly, bedridden, or those unable to travel, improving accessibility and comfort.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Under the Vision 2031 initiative, what is the turnover target set by Keltron?
A) ₹1,000 crore
B) ₹2,000 crore
C) ₹1,500 crore
D) ₹2,500 crore
E) ₹3,000 crore
Answer: B) ₹2,000 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Keltron sets ₹2,000 crore turnover target under Vision 2031
• Location: Aroor, Alappuzha, Kerala
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Industries Minister P. Rajeeve laid the foundation stone for the Electronic Integration Bay at Keltron Krasny Defence Systems Pvt. Ltd (KKDS).
  • Announced Keltron’s turnover target of ₹2,000 crore by 2031 under the Vision 2031 plan.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen Keltron’s role in the Indian defence manufacturing ecosystem.
  • To expand domestic and international collaborations, especially with countries like Vietnam.
  • To enhance electronic integration capacity and contribute to defence indigenization.

Important Terms Explained:

• Keltron (Kerala State Electronics Development Corporation Ltd):
  • A public sector enterprise under the Kerala government, focused on electronics manufacturing, defence solutions, and industrial automation.
• Vision 2031:
  • A long-term developmental roadmap adopted by the Kerala government for key sectors, aiming to boost innovation, industry, and economic growth by the year 2031.
• Keltron Krasny Defence Systems Pvt. Ltd (KKDS):
  • A joint venture of Keltron, engaged in manufacturing and integrating advanced electronics and systems for the defence sector, especially naval defence systems.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

8. Who has been posthumously awarded the Vigyan Ratna in 2025 under the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar?
A) Mahan Mj
B) Aniruddha Pandit
C) Gyanendra Pratap Singh
D) Jayant Vishnu Narlikar
E) K. Thangaraj
Answer: D) Jayant Vishnu Narlikar

Event and Location:

• Event: Centre announces Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar 2025 for outstanding contributions in science
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India announced the first set of Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP) awards, modeled after the Padma Awards, to recognize excellence in scientific research and innovation.
• Objectives: To institutionalize national-level recognition of scientists across disciplines and inspire future generations by honoring lifetime contributions and recent scientific achievements in India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar (RVP): A newly introduced national award scheme by the Government of India to honor scientists, innovators, and technologists for excellence in science and technology, in a structured, prestigious format similar to Padma Awards.
• Vigyan Ratna: The highest category under RVP, awarded for lifetime contributions in science.
• Jayant Vishnu Narlikar: A world-renowned Indian astrophysicist, known for the Hoyle–Narlikar theory, and his efforts to promote science education; passed away in May 2025.
• Vigyan Shri: The second tier of the RVP, awarded to living scientists for significant recent contributions to Indian science.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

9. During the Bharat International Rice Conference (BRIC) 2025, how many countries has India identified as key focus markets for rice export expansion?
A) 15
B) 20
C) 26
D) 30
E) 35
Answer: C) 26

Event and Location:

• Event: Bharat International Rice Conference (BRIC) 2025 and India’s focus on 26 rice export markets
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: October 30–31, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India will focus on 26 countries including Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, and the US to expand its rice exports at the upcoming Bharat International Rice Conference (BRIC) 2025, aiming to capture a share of the ₹1.8 lakh crore global rice import market.
• Objectives: To sign MoUs worth ₹25,000 crore in rice exports, showcase India’s diverse rice varieties (including GI-tagged, basmati, and non-basmati), and build partnerships to boost global trade transparency, sustainability, and innovation in the rice sector.

Important Terms Explained:

• BRIC 2025 (Bharat International Rice Conference): A global rice trade platform hosted by India bringing together stakeholders across the rice supply chain including farmers, exporters, buyers, and policymakers.
• GI Rice Varieties: Rice types with Geographical Indication (GI) tags that denote quality and origin (e.g., Basmati rice), enhancing their market appeal and legal protection internationally.
• FPO (Farmer Producer Organisation): A farmer-owned collective that enables smallholders to participate in larger value chains for better price realization and market access.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Why did US President Donald Trump increase tariffs on Canadian goods by an additional 10% in October 2025?
A) Canada imposed tariffs on US steel
B) Ontario aired an anti-tariff advert using Ronald Reagan’s speech
C) Canada withdrew from NAFTA
D) Canada increased export subsidies
E) Ontario banned US agricultural imports
Answer: B) Ontario aired an anti-tariff advert using Ronald Reagan’s speech

Event and Location:

• Event: US increases tariffs on Canadian goods following controversial Reagan-based advert
• Location: Triggered in Ontario, Canada; announcement made en route to Malaysia
• Date: October 26, 2025 (Reported 10 hours ago)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: US President Donald Trump announced an additional 10% tariff hike on Canadian goods, reacting to an anti-tariff advert aired by the Ontario government during the World Series.
• Objectives: To pressure Canada into removing politically charged messaging and regain leverage in suspended US-Canada trade negotiations, amid broader tensions over tariff policies.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tariff: A tax or duty imposed by a government on imported goods, aimed at protecting domestic industries or as a political tool during trade disputes.
• Ronald Reagan Advert: A one-minute campaign aired by Ontario quoting Reagan’s 1987 anti-tariff speech, which was criticized for being selectively edited and lacking permission from the Ronald Reagan Foundation.
• World Series: A major US baseball event where Ontario leveraged viewership to broadcast its trade message.
• Trade Diversification: Canada’s response strategy to explore trade agreements with ASEAN nations and reduce dependence on US markets.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

11. What is the name of the ₹4,182 crore aviation scheme approved by the Odisha government in October 2025?
A) UDAAN Odisha
B) Aero-Mitra
C) B-MAAN
D) Nava Udaan
E) MRO-Vistaar
Answer: C) B-MAAN

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of ₹4,182 crore aviation development scheme
• Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Odisha Cabinet, chaired by CM Mohan Charan Majhi, approved the B-MAAN scheme (Building and Management of Aviation Assets and Network) with a financial outlay of ₹4,182 crore to develop a comprehensive aviation ecosystem in the state.
• Objectives: To establish Odisha as an aviation hub in eastern India through infrastructure expansion, Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul (MRO) facilities, and the Samastanka Pain Biman Seba initiative that promotes inclusive air connectivity via Viability Gap Funding (VGF) and other incentives.

Important Terms Explained:

• B-MAAN Scheme: A strategic aviation development initiative aimed at building infrastructure and operational networks in Odisha’s aviation sector, with a focus on MRO, air cargo, regional air connectivity, and skill development.
• MRO (Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul): An essential segment of the aviation industry that involves the maintenance and technical servicing of aircraft, engines, and components.
• Viability Gap Funding (VGF): Financial support from the government to make economically unviable projects viable, used here to support new and underserved air routes and airport operations in Odisha.
• Samastanka Pain Biman Seba (Aviation for All): A vision to ensure inclusive and equitable access to air travel services for all citizens of Odisha.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Which Kerala district recently hosted the ‘Lokom Kothikkum Keralam’ tourism seminar under the Vision 2031 initiative?
A) Alappuzha
B) Idukki
C) Thiruvananthapuram
D) Wayanad
E) Palakkad
Answer: B) Idukki

Event and Location:

• Event: ‘Lokom Kothikkum Keralam’ tourism seminar under Vision 2031
• Location: Marian College, Kuttikkanam, Idukki, Kerala
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Kerala Tourism Department organized a State-level seminar titled ‘Lokom Kothikkum Keralam’ to discuss sustainable development and technological integration in the tourism sector.
• Objectives: To promote Vision 2031, which aims to make Kerala a globally competitive tourism destination, integrating AI, sustainability, and infrastructure growth, including financial assistance for hotel projects up to ₹50 crore.

Important Terms Explained:

• Vision 2031: A long-term strategic initiative by the Kerala government to transform sectors such as tourism, education, and technology to align with global standards by the year 2031.
• Lokom Kothikkum Keralam: Translates to “A Kerala the World Desires,” this tourism seminar is part of Kerala’s Vision 2031 strategy to attract global tourists and investors.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Emphasized in the seminar as a transformative force in tourism, from smart hospitality to predictive travel analytics and virtual experience technologies.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which hospital launched the ‘Freedom from Cancer’ project that has helped over 200 blood cancer patients receive free treatment in Jaipur?
A) Tata Memorial Hospital
B) AIIMS Delhi
C) Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital
D) SMS Medical College
E) Apollo Hospitals
Answer: C) Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital

Event and Location:

• Event: Successful implementation of ‘Freedom from Cancer’ project benefiting 200 blood cancer patients
• Location: Jaipur, Rajasthan
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launched in August 2015 by Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital, the ‘Freedom from Cancer’ project supports free treatment for blood cancer patients.
  • The project is funded by philanthropists, charitable trusts, and individual donors.
  • Over 330 patients have been enrolled since its inception.
• Objectives:
  • To provide comprehensive cancer treatment for underprivileged patients.
  • Ensure long-term remission and improved quality of life for blood cancer patients.
  • Reduce the financial burden of cancer treatment on families through free medicines, diagnostics, and nursing care.

Important Terms Explained:

• Freedom from Cancer Project:
  • A charitable cancer care initiative started by Bhagwan Mahaveer Cancer Hospital to provide free and sustained treatment for blood cancer patients, especially those from economically weaker backgrounds.
• Blood Cancer:
  • A group of cancers affecting blood, bone marrow, or lymphatic system, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. Treatment is often prolonged and expensive, making charitable support critical for underserved populations.
• Philanthropic Healthcare Funding:
  • Use of donor contributions, trusts, and non-profits to fund medical treatments, especially in high-cost diseases like cancer, to ensure equitable access.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which mission under the Union Culture Ministry is signing MoUs for conservation and digitisation of manuscripts?
A) Bharat Archive Yojana
B) Sanskriti Raksha Abhiyan
C) Gyan Bharatam Mission
D) Manuscript Mitra Project
E) Shodh Yatra Initiative
Answer: C) Gyan Bharatam Mission

Event and Location:

• Event: MoUs signed under Gyan Bharatam Mission for manuscript conservation
• Location: Nationwide (led by Ministry of Culture, Govt. of India)
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Gyan Bharatam Mission under the Ministry of Culture will sign Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) with around 20 institutions for the conservation, upkeep, and digitisation of manuscripts.
  • 30 additional institutes are expected to sign in the following days.
• Objectives:
  • Preserve India’s rich manuscript heritage through systematic documentation and digital archiving.
  • Facilitate academic research and public access to India’s ancient knowledge systems.
  • Strengthen institutional partnerships in cultural conservation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Gyan Bharatam Mission:
  • A flagship initiative of the Union Ministry of Culture, focusing on manuscript conservation, digitisation, and cultural knowledge preservation.
  • Aims to integrate academic, technological, and archival expertise to safeguard India’s textual heritage.
• Memorandum of Understanding (MoU):
  • A formal agreement between two or more parties to establish official partnerships for specific projects—in this case, manuscript conservation and digitisation.
• Digitisation of Manuscripts:
  • The process of converting physical manuscripts into digital formats, allowing long-term preservation, restoration, and wider accessibility through digital platforms.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 25 & 26

15. Who is scheduled to inaugurate the 1,200-bed private hospital in Ghaziabad?
A) Yogi Adityanath
B) Rajnath Singh
C) Anandiben Patel
D) Droupadi Murmu
E) Anupriya Patel
Answer: D) Droupadi Murmu

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of a 1,200-bed private hospital
• Location: Indirapuram, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: October 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The President of India, Droupadi Murmu, is scheduled to inaugurate a 1,200-bed private hospital in Ghaziabad, with security, administrative, and traffic management arrangements made for the high-profile event.
• Objectives: The aim is to enhance multi-specialty healthcare access in the region by establishing centres of excellence in cardiology, neurosciences, oncology, organ transplants, and mother-child care.

Important Terms Explained:

• Yashoda Medicity Hospital: A major private healthcare institution in Uttar Pradesh expanding its infrastructure with a new 1,200-bed facility offering advanced medical services.
• Centres of Excellence: Specialized divisions in hospitals that focus on providing high-quality, advanced, and specialized treatment in specific medical fields.
• Emergency Response Units: Dedicated teams including ambulances, fire tenders, and medical staff deployed to handle emergencies and ensure safety during public events.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which organization organized the Fit India Freedom Run 6.0 in October 2025?
A) Ministry of Health
B) Sports Authority of India
C) Government e Marketplace
D) Ministry of Environment
E) Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan
Answer: C) Government e Marketplace

Event and Location:

• Event: Organization of Fit India Freedom Run 6.0 by GeM
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government e Marketplace (GeM) conducted the Fit India Freedom Run 6.0 as part of the Fit India Movement, starting and concluding at the Jivan Bharati Building in New Delhi. A post-run cleanliness drive was also organized along the route.
• Objectives: The primary objective was to promote a healthy and clean lifestyle under the theme ‘Swachchhta and Swasthya’, fostering community spirit, physical fitness, and civic responsibility among participants.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fit India Freedom Run: An annual fitness campaign initiated in 2020 by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, encouraging citizens to adopt an active and healthy lifestyle in alignment with Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanti celebrations.
• GeM (Government e Marketplace): A public procurement portal under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, enabling government buyers and sellers to transact online transparently.
• Swachchhta and Swasthya: A dual-theme promoting cleanliness (Swachchhta) and health (Swasthya), central to public health awareness and sustainable development goals.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which two states received ₹18.3 lakh from the National Biodiversity Authority under Access and Benefit Sharing in October 2025?
A) Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh
B) Sikkim and Assam
C) Sikkim and Uttar Pradesh
D) Uttarakhand and Sikkim
E) West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh
Answer: C) Sikkim and Uttar Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of ₹18.3 lakh under Access and Benefit Sharing to Biodiversity Management Committees
• Location: Uttar Pradesh (Narrau Village, Aligarh) and Sikkim (Lampokhari Lake Area, Aritar)
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) disbursed ₹18.3 lakh to two Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs) in Uttar Pradesh and Sikkim through the respective State Biodiversity Boards, under the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanism of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002.
• Objectives: To ensure equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of biological resources by companies, and to empower local communities to conserve and sustainably manage biodiversity.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Biodiversity Authority (NBA): A statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, responsible for implementing the provisions of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, and promoting conservation and equitable benefit sharing.
• Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS): A framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity and Biological Diversity Act, ensuring that benefits derived from the use of biological resources are fairly shared with local communities.
• Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs): Local-level bodies constituted to promote conservation, documentation, and sustainable use of biological resources, as per the Biodiversity Act.

Tabular Summary:

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18. How many AIIMS institutions exist in India as of October 2025, according to Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda?
A) 10
B) 15
C) 23
D) 30
E) 18
Answer: C) 23

Event and Location:

• Event: 50th Annual Convocation Ceremony of AIIMS New Delhi
• Location: AIIMS, New Delhi
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Health Minister Shri J.P. Nadda addressed the 50th convocation of AIIMS New Delhi, highlighting a decade of achievements in medical education and infrastructure. Degrees were conferred upon 326 graduating students, and 7 senior doctors received Lifetime Achievement Awards.
• Objectives: To celebrate academic excellence, recognize distinguished service, and emphasize the role of medical graduates in building a healthier and self-reliant India through innovation, ethics, and lifelong learning.

Important Terms Explained:

• AIIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences): A group of autonomous public medical institutions of national importance, with AIIMS New Delhi being the oldest, known for excellence in education, research, and healthcare delivery.
• MMR, IMR, U5MR, NMR:
  • MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio): The number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.
  • IMR (Infant Mortality Rate): The number of infant deaths (under one year) per 1,000 live births.
  • U5MR (Under-5 Mortality Rate): The probability of dying between birth and five years of age per 1,000 live births.
  • NMR (Neonatal Mortality Rate): Deaths during the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births.
• The Lancet Report: A globally recognized health research publication that reported India’s TB incidence drop of 17.7%, exceeding the global average reduction rate.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which AI platform under the National Language Translation Mission supports real-time translation across all 22 Scheduled Indian languages?
A) Adi-Vaani
B) Sanchika
C) Bhashini
D) GeMAI
E) BharatGen
Answer: C) Bhashini

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch and expansion of multilingual AI platforms for Scheduled and tribal languages
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India launched and expanded AI-based language platforms such as Bhashini, BharatGen, and Adi-Vaani to support 22 Scheduled Languages and multiple tribal languages using technologies like ASR, TTS, and NMT.
• Objectives: To preserve linguistic diversity, ensure digital accessibility, enable inclusive governance, and transform education by integrating native languages into AI-driven platforms across government services, education, and public procurement.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bhashini: An AI-based translation platform under the National Language Translation Mission (NLTM) enabling real-time translation and speech recognition in 22 Scheduled and tribal languages for inclusive digital access.
• Adi-Vaani: India’s first AI platform (launched in 2024) for tribal language translation and preservation, supporting languages like Santali, Gondi, Bhili, and Mundari.
• SPPEL (Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages): A Ministry of Education initiative (launched in 2013) to document endangered Indian languages spoken by fewer than 10,000 people, aiding AI training.
• BharatGen: An AI model development platform creating text-to-text and text-to-speech translation systems for all 22 Scheduled Languages using datasets from SPPEL and Sanchika.
• GeMAI: An AI-powered multilingual assistant integrated into Government e-Marketplace (GeM), enabling users to interact in Indian languages for public procurement processes.
• e-KUMBH Portal: A platform by AICTE providing free multilingual access to technical books and study materials aligned with NEP 2020.
• Anuvadini App: An AICTE-developed multilingual translation app that helps convert educational content into Indian languages.
• Sanchika: A digital repository by CIIL that archives linguistic datasets—texts, audio, multimedia—of Scheduled and tribal languages.
• TRI-ECE Scheme: A Ministry of Tribal Affairs program supporting AI-based translation tools and community-driven preservation of tribal languages.

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20. Which three institutions have partnered to research the link between diabetes and brain health?
A) NIMHANS, AIIMS, UK DRI
B) CBR, MDRF, UK DRI
C) ICMR, CMC Vellore, University of Oxford
D) NCDRC, IISER Pune, UK Biobank
E) CSIR, AIIMS, Harvard Medical School
Answer: B) CBR, MDRF, UK DRI

Event and Location:

• Event: Strategic collaboration to study the impact of diabetes on brain health
• Location: Bengaluru (IISc), Chennai (MDRF), London (UK DRI)
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF), Centre for Brain Research (CBR) at IISc Bengaluru, and the UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI) signed MoUs to jointly conduct large-scale clinical and translational research on how diabetes affects brain health, including cognitive decline and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease.
• Objectives: To integrate clinical, imaging, genomic, and proteomic data for identifying early biomarkers and pathways that link metabolic disorders with brain aging, and to develop preventive and therapeutic strategies against dementia and cognitive decline.

Important Terms Explained:

• MDRF (Madras Diabetes Research Foundation): A premier diabetes research institution based in Chennai, focused on studying the epidemiology, prevention, and management of diabetes and its complications.
• CBR (Centre for Brain Research): A neuroscience research center at IISc Bengaluru, established in 2014 with support from the Pratiksha Trust founded by Infosys co-founder Dr. Kris Gopalakrishnan and Sudha Gopalakrishnan; it specializes in aging, cognition, and neurodegeneration research.
• UK DRI (UK Dementia Research Institute): The UK’s largest initiative dedicated to dementia research, involving world-leading scientists working across major UK institutions to understand and treat neurodegenerative diseases.
• Translational Research: A type of scientific study that translates basic biomedical findings into practical medical applications such as diagnostics, treatments, and health policies.

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21. Which company received approval for a coal-to-chemical project as part of Odisha’s ₹1.46 lakh crore investment clearance in October 2025?
A) Tata Steel
B) JSW Energy
C) Adani Enterprises
D) Vedanta Ltd
E) AM/NS India
Answer: C) Adani Enterprises

Event and Location:

• Event: Odisha government approves ₹1.46 lakh crore investment across 33 projects
• Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Odisha Government, through the High-Level Clearance Authority (HLCA) and State Level Single Window Clearance Authority (SLSWCA), approved 33 mega investment projects totaling ₹1.46 lakh crore across multiple sectors.
• Objectives: To accelerate industrial growth, enhance value addition, promote sustainable manufacturing, and generate over 45,000 employment opportunities across key industrial regions in Odisha under the Vision 2030 Industrial Policy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Coal-to-Chemical Project: A large-scale industrial process that converts coal into high-value chemicals such as methanol, urea, and synthetic fuels, supporting import substitution and energy diversification.
• HLCA (High-Level Clearance Authority): A government body chaired by the Chief Minister that approves large investment proposals requiring fast-track clearance in Odisha.
• GO-SWIFT (Government of Odisha – Single Window for Investor Facilitation and Tracking): A digital platform providing end-to-end online approvals, enhancing ease of doing business for investors in the state.
• Vision 2030 Industrial Policy: Odisha’s long-term roadmap to develop a balanced, sustainable, and investor-friendly industrial ecosystem across its districts.

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22. What is the name of the international conference on intelligent systems and vision technology in eye care held in Chennai in October 2025?
A) VISIONTECH 2025
B) EYE-FUTURE 2025
C) ISVTEC 2025
D) I-CARE 2025
E) TECH-OPTIK 2025
Answer: C) ISVTEC 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Vision Technology in Eye Care (ISVTEC 2025)
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 25–26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Dr. Agarwals Institute of Optometry (DAIO), in collaboration with Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology (LICET), hosted ISVTEC 2025, a two-day international conference focusing on the integration of technology and innovation in eye care.
• Objectives: To bring together engineers, researchers, and eye care professionals to explore advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), biomedical innovation, and diagnostic systems that aim to improve eye health outcomes and reduce avoidable blindness.

Important Terms Explained:

• ISVTEC 2025: The International Symposium on Vision Technology and Eye Care, a global platform uniting healthcare and technology experts to address vision challenges using AI and biomedical tools.
• Dr. Agarwals Institute of Optometry (DAIO): The academic and research arm of Dr. Agarwals Eye Hospital Group, engaged in optometric education, research, and innovation.
• Avoidable Blindness: Vision loss that can be prevented or treated through timely medical intervention, such as cataract surgery or early diagnosis of glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy.
• Artificial Intelligence in Eye Care: Use of machine learning and image analysis to diagnose eye diseases faster and with greater accuracy, improving access to care in underserved areas.

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23. According to Delhi Water Minister Parvesh Sahib Singh, by what percentage has human waste contamination in the Yamuna River decreased compared to 2024?
A) 75%
B) 60%
C) 90%
D) 50%
E) 80%
Answer: C) 90%

Event and Location:

• Event: Reported 90% reduction in human waste contamination in the Yamuna River
• Location: Delhi, India
• Date: October 25, 2025 (Statement made ahead of Chhath Puja)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Delhi Water Minister Parvesh Sahib Singh announced that faecal coliform levels in the Yamuna River have dropped by 90% over the past year, as per Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) data.
• Objectives: To ensure clean and safe water in the Yamuna River ahead of Chhath Puja, improve river water quality through sewage treatment and riverfront cleaning, and achieve permissible MPN levels (Maximum Probable Number) at key sampling sites.

Important Terms Explained:

• Faecal Coliform: A type of bacteria originating from human and animal waste, used as an indicator of sewage contamination in water.
• MPN (Most Probable Number): A scientific method to estimate the concentration of coliform bacteria in water samples. The permissible limit for faecal coliform in bathing water is 2,500 MPN/100 ml.
• Chhath Puja: A major Hindu festival dedicated to the Sun God, observed with holy dips in rivers like the Yamuna. Ensuring water cleanliness is essential due to the ritual significance.
• DPCC (Delhi Pollution Control Committee): The regulatory authority monitoring pollution levels in Delhi, including air and water quality.

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24. Which public sector enterprise inaugurated new community welfare facilities under Special Campaign 5.0 in October 2025?
A) Coal India Limited
B) ONGC
C) NTPC
D) NLC India Limited
E) GAIL
Answer: D) NLC India Limited

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of welfare facilities under Special Campaign 5.0
• Location: Neyveli Township, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: NLC India Limited (NLCIL) inaugurated three new community-oriented facilities as part of the Special Campaign 5.0, led by CMD Prasanna Kumar Motupalli.
• Objectives: To promote cleanliness, community welfare, and infrastructure upgradation in township areas aligned with national goals of public engagement and civic improvement under Special Campaign initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• Special Campaign 5.0: A government initiative aimed at enhancing cleanliness, public service delivery, and infrastructure upgradation across ministries and PSUs, particularly during October, as part of Swachh Bharat and administrative efficiency drives.
• NLCIL (NLC India Limited): A Navratna Public Sector Enterprise under the Ministry of Coal, engaged in lignite mining and power generation, headquartered in Neyveli, Tamil Nadu.
• CMD (Chairman and Managing Director): The highest executive officer of a PSU responsible for strategic direction and operations. In this case, Prasanna Kumar Motupalli heads NLCIL.

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25. The third Ro-Ro vessel for Kochi Corporation is being built by which shipbuilding company?
A) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders
B) Hindustan Shipyard
C) Garden Reach Shipbuilders
D) Cochin Shipyard Limited
E) Goa Shipyard Limited
Answer: D) Cochin Shipyard Limited

Event and Location:

• Event: Third Ro-Ro vessel for Kochi Corporation expected to be launched
• Location: Kochi, Kerala
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) is constructing the third Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro-Ro) vessel for Kochi Corporation.
  • The vessel is expected to be launched by December 2025, aligning with the Kochi Biennale.
  • The agreement initially set an 18-month timeline for completion.
• Objectives:
  • Enhance water-based public transport infrastructure in Kochi.
  • Reduce road traffic congestion by facilitating efficient vehicle and passenger movement across waterways.
  • Provide improved last-mile connectivity during major events such as the Kochi Biennale.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ro-Ro (Roll-on/Roll-off) Vessel:
  • A type of ship designed to carry wheeled cargo (like cars, trucks, and buses) that are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels. It is especially useful for urban water transport systems.
• Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL):
  • A premier shipbuilding and maintenance facility in India under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways. CSL has expertise in building complex vessels, including Ro-Ro ferries and naval ships.
• Kochi Biennale:
  • One of Asia’s largest contemporary art festivals, held every two years in Kochi, Kerala, attracting global participation and requiring robust local infrastructure support.

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26. What is the total planned capacity of India’s Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project?
A) 1,500 MW
B) 2,000 MW
C) 1,000 MW
D) 2,500 MW
E) 750 MW
Answer: B) 2,000 MW

Event and Location:

• Event: Wet commissioning of the first 250 MW unit of Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project
• Location: Gerukamukh, Arunachal Pradesh–Assam border
• Date: October 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • NHPC Limited began wet commissioning of Unit-1 (250 MW) at Subansiri Lower HEP.
  • The move follows successful mechanical testing and will be followed by grid synchronization.
• Objectives:
  • To launch India’s largest hydroelectric power project and strengthen energy security.
  • To boost renewable energy capacity and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
  • To contribute significantly to clean and green energy generation for millions of homes.

Important Terms Explained:

• Wet Commissioning:
  • The process of testing a power plant’s systems with water under operational conditions before it is connected to the grid.
• NHPC Limited (National Hydroelectric Power Corporation):
  • A government-owned hydropower development company in India under the Ministry of Power, responsible for building and operating hydroelectric projects.
• Subansiri Lower Hydroelectric Project (HEP):
  • An 8×250 MW (2,000 MW) run-of-the-river project located on the Subansiri River at the Arunachal Pradesh–Assam border, making it the largest hydro project in India once completed.

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