Daily Current Affairs June 24

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June 24 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs June 24

1. What is the theme for the International Day of Women in Diplomacy 2025?
A) Women in Peacebuilding and Conflict Resolution
B) Empowering Women for Global Governance
C) Gender Equality in Political Leadership
D) Eliminating Structural Barriers to Women’s Leadership in Diplomacy
E) Strengthening Women’s Voices in International Forums
Answer: D) Eliminating Structural Barriers to Women’s Leadership in Diplomacy

Event and Location:

• Event: International Day of Women in Diplomacy 2025
• Location: Observed globally (designated by the United Nations)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Annual observance of International Day of Women in Diplomacy on June 24 as per resolution adopted during the 76th session of the UN General Assembly
• Objectives: Raise awareness about the under-representation of women in diplomatic and political leadership roles and promote efforts to eliminate structural barriers to women’s participation in global governance

Important Terms Explained:

• International Day of Women in Diplomacy: A UN-recognised observance day dedicated to highlighting women’s contributions to diplomacy, celebrating achievements, and advocating for gender parity in international relations
• UN General Assembly (UNGA): The main policymaking organ of the United Nations, composed of all 193 Member States; responsible for declaring international observances such as this day
• Structural Barriers: Systemic obstacles—such as lack of policy support, social norms, institutional biases—that prevent equitable participation of women in leadership and diplomacy

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs June 24

2. Who won the women’s 200m freestyle title with a national meet record at the 2025 National Aquatics Championships?
A) Rithvika
B) Saanvi Deshwal
C) Dhinidhi Desinghu
D) Pramiti Gnanasekaran
E) Latisha Mandaana
Answer: C) Dhinidhi Desinghu

Event and Location:

• Event: National Aquatics Championships 2025 – top honours in swimming events
• Location: Kalinga Stadium Aquatic Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Conduct of the National Aquatics Championships 2025, awarding winners across various individual and relay swimming categories
• Objectives: Identify top national swimming talent, establish new national meet records (NMRs), and evaluate athlete performance for international qualification benchmarks

Important Terms Explained:

• National Meet Record (NMR): The fastest time recorded in a particular swimming event during any National Aquatics Championship meet, officially recognized at the national level.
• 200m Freestyle & Medley Events:
  • Freestyle: A swimming style where the swimmer is free to choose their stroke, typically front crawl.
  • Medley: A race combining four different strokes (butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, freestyle) in sequence by the same swimmer.
• 4x100m Mixed Relay: A swimming relay event involving two male and two female swimmers from each team, alternating strokes in freestyle or medley formats.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Who became the first Indian wicketkeeper to score centuries in both innings of a Test match?
A) MS Dhoni
B) KL Rahul
C) Rahul Dravid
D) Rishabh Pant
E) Wriddhiman Saha
Answer: D) Rishabh Pant

Event and Location:

• Event: Rishabh Pant scores centuries in both innings of a Test match
• Location: Headingley, Leeds (England)
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Rishabh Pant scored 134 runs in the first innings and 100 in the second innings* of the 1st Test vs England at Leeds
• Objectives: Achieve personal and national milestones in Test cricket, including becoming the first Indian wicketkeeper-batter to score a century in both innings and equalling Sachin Tendulkar’s record of four Test centuries in England

Important Terms Explained:

• Century in Both Innings of a Test: A rare feat in cricket where a batter scores 100 or more runs in each innings of the same Test match. It indicates exceptional consistency and match impact.
• Designated Wicketkeeper-Batter: A player officially assigned the dual role of wicketkeeping and batting responsibilities in a cricket team, often judged by both defensive and offensive performance
• Test Cricket: The longest and most traditional format of the game played over five days between international teams; a Test match consists of two innings per side

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs June 23

4. What is India’s rank in the 2025 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index as per the Sustainable Development Report 2025?
A) 93
B) 102
C) 99
D) 115
E) 89
Answer: C) 99

Event and Location:

• Event: India ranks 99th in the 2025 SDG Index
• Location: Global (India’s position among 193 UN member states)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Sustainable Development Report 2025, published by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, ranks countries based on their progress towards achieving the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted in 2015
  • India achieved a score of 67 and ranked 99th, marking its first entry into the global top 100
• Objectives:
  • Review annual progress of countries on SDG implementation
  • Highlight regional disparities, stagnation in global targets, and the impact of socio-political factors
  • Track reversals in specific targets and emphasize the need for strengthened international cooperation

Important Terms Explained:

• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A set of 17 global goals adopted by all 193 UN Member States in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure prosperity for all by 2030
• Sustainable Development Report: An annual global progress review of SDG performance, compiled by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network led by economist Jeffrey Sachs
• SDG Index: A quantitative measure ranking countries on their SDG performance, combining indicators such as access to health, education, climate action, clean energy, and governance
• Red List Index (SDG 15): An indicator tracking the extinction risk of species, used to assess biodiversity trends
• Corruption Perceptions Index (SDG 16): A measure reflecting perceptions of public sector corruption globally

Country – Top Rankers in SDG Index 2025:

1. Finland
2. Sweden
3. Denmark

Top SDG Multilateralism Committed Countries:

1. Barbados
2. Jamaica
3. Trinidad and Tobago

Tabular Summary:

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5. According to UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2025, what is India’s global rank in terms of FDI inflows in 2024?
A) 10th
B) 13th
C) 15th
D) 17th
E) 20th
Answer: C) 15th

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of UNCTAD’s World Investment Report 2025
• Location: Geneva, Switzerland (UNCTAD Headquarters)
• Date: June 20, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • UNCTAD published the World Investment Report 2025, assessing global FDI trends for 2023 and 2024
  • It tracks greenfield investments, project finance, sectoral flows, and regional disparities
• Objectives:
  • Monitor the impact of FDI on development and sustainability, particularly in developing and least developed countries
  • Highlight the digital and industrial transformation of global investment flows
  • Provide policy recommendations for governments to adapt FDI strategies in times of global instability

Important Terms Explained:

• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development):
  • A permanent intergovernmental body established in 1964, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
  • Works to integrate developing countries into the world economy through trade, investment, finance, and technology
• World Investment Report:
  • Annual report tracking FDI flows globally, regionally, and by country
  • Includes analysis on multinational enterprises, greenfield projects, project finance, and policy trends
• FDI (Foreign Direct Investment):
  • Long-term investment by a foreign entity in a country’s businesses or infrastructure, either through equity, mergers, or greenfield investments
• Greenfield Investment:
  • When a foreign company builds operations from scratch in a host country, typically in sectors like manufacturing, tech, or infrastructure
• International Project Finance (IPF):
  • Financing for large-scale infrastructure or industrial projects, often involving cross-border partnerships and loans

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs June 24

6. What is the main objective of SBI’s partnership with FPSB India announced in June 2025?
A) Launching a new mobile banking app
B) Expanding its international branches
C) Certifying employees in financial planning
D) Acquiring a wealth management firm
E) Introducing a new digital lending platform
Answer: C) Certifying employees in financial planning

Event and Location:

• Event: SBI signs MoU with FPSB India to certify employees in financial planning
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: State Bank of India (SBI) partnered with FPSB India to integrate the Certified Financial Planner (CFP) certification into the training of its 2.36 lakh employees
• Objectives: Standardise and enhance the delivery of financial planning services across SBI’s network, particularly for NRI, HNI, and UHNI clients, through globally certified professionals

Important Terms Explained:

• Certified Financial Planner (CFP): An internationally recognised certification in financial planning covering areas like investment, retirement, insurance, and estate planning. Awarded by FPSB, it sets global standards for financial advisory services
• FPSB India (Financial Planning Standards Board India): The licensing authority for CFP certification in India and a part of the global FPSB network, which represents over 230,000 CFP professionals worldwide
• NRI, HNI, UHNI:
  • NRI: Non-Resident Indian
  • HNI: High-Net-Worth Individual
  • UHNI: Ultra High-Net-Worth Individual
  • These segments require specialised financial services, which the SBI-FPSB partnership aims to strengthen

Tabular Summary:

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7. Which state is projected to contribute the highest share to India’s ₹10.2 lakh crore capital expenditure in FY26?
A) Gujarat
B) Maharashtra
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Madhya Pradesh
E) Karnataka
Answer: C) Uttar Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: States’ projected capital expenditure push for FY26
• Location: India (led by Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: According to a Bank of Baroda report, 26 Indian states are projected to spend a total of ₹10.2 lakh crore on capital expenditure in FY26
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen state-led infrastructure development
  • Boost long-term economic productivity and employment
  • Create durable assets in sectors like roads, health, irrigation, and education
  • Maintain fiscal discipline while expanding development expenditure

Important Terms Explained:

• Capital Expenditure (Capex): Government spending on physical assets like roads, buildings, schools, hospitals, and other infrastructure that create long-term value and support economic growth
• Revenue Receipts: Income earned by the government from taxes and other sources that do not involve asset creation (e.g., GST, income tax, excise duty)
• Fiscal Deficit: The difference between the government’s total expenditure and its total revenue (excluding borrowings), used as a key indicator of financial discipline
• Revenue Surplus: A situation where a state’s revenue receipts exceed its revenue expenditure, indicating sound fiscal management

Tabular Summary:

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8. How much does NABARD plan to lend in FY26 under its Green Lending Facility?
A) ₹1,000 crore
B) ₹5,000 crore
C) ₹7,500 crore
D) ₹10,000 crore
E) ₹15,000 crore
Answer: D) ₹10,000 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: NABARD to lend ₹10,000 crore in FY26 for green projects
• Location: Coimbatore, India
• Date: June 20, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • NABARD will provide loans worth ₹10,000 crore in FY26 through its Green Lending Facility
  • Loans will be extended to Central and State governments, government agencies, and private entities
• Objectives:
  • Support sustainable development goals (SDGs) through financing of green projects
  • Promote investment in ethanol plants, electric vehicles, and other eco-friendly infrastructure
  • Accelerate India’s transition to a low-carbon economy through climate-aligned lending

Important Terms Explained:

• NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development): A government development financial institution focused on rural and agricultural development in India; also supports infrastructure and sustainability projects
• Green Lending Facility: A funding mechanism launched by NABARD in FY25 to provide minimum ₹100 crore loans for environmentally sustainable projects across public and private sectors
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations in 2015 to address global challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation by 2030
• Ethanol Plants: Industrial facilities that produce ethanol, a biofuel used as an alternative to fossil fuels, supporting green energy transitions and decarbonisation of the transport sector

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which bank has launched India’s first Cyber Security Operations Centre (C-SOC) for cooperative banks?
A) State Bank of India
B) Punjab National Bank
C) NABARD
D) Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank
E) Indian Bank
Answer: D) Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of India’s first Cyber Security Operations Centre (C-SOC) for cooperative banks
• Location: Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: June 14, 2025 (Inaugurated Friday prior to June 15, 2025 report)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank (MSC Bank) launched ‘Sahakar Suraksha’, the country’s first Cyber Security Operations Centre (C-SOC)
  • Built at a cost of ₹50 crore in Navi Mumbai to protect cooperative banks from rising cyber threats
• Objectives:
  • Safeguard cooperative and rural banks lacking in cyber defence infrastructure
  • Provide 24/7 AI-powered surveillance, real-time threat alerts, and protection free of cost to member banks
  • Build sector-wide digital resilience by offering cyber hygiene training to bank staff and officials

Important Terms Explained:

• Cyber Security Operations Centre (C-SOC): A centralized facility designed to monitor, detect, respond to, and prevent cyber threats in real-time using tools like AI, analytics, and threat intelligence
• Sahakar Suraksha: Name of the C-SOC initiative launched by MSC Bank specifically to protect the cooperative banking network in Maharashtra
• Cooperative Banks: Banks owned and operated by their members, primarily serving rural or small-scale banking needs, often lacking the resources for advanced cybersecurity
• AI-Driven Platform: Technology powered by Artificial Intelligence that detects both known and emerging cyber threats through predictive analytics and machine learning

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs June 24

10. What is S&P Global Ratings’ revised GDP growth forecast for India for FY2025-26?
A) 6.0%
B) 6.2%
C) 6.3%
D) 6.5%
E) 6.7%
Answer: D) 6.5%

Event and Location:

• Event: S&P Global Ratings revises India’s FY26 GDP growth forecast
• Location: India (covered in Asia-Pacific Economic Outlook)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: S&P Global Ratings raised India’s GDP growth forecast for FY2025-26 to 6.5%, up by 0.2 percentage points
• Objectives: Reflect improved macroeconomic outlook supported by resilient domestic demand, normal monsoon, soft oil prices, tax relief, and monetary easing, despite global uncertainties

Important Terms Explained:

• S&P Global Ratings: A leading international credit rating agency that evaluates the economic and financial health of countries and corporations. It issues periodic economic outlook reports.
• GDP Growth Forecast: A projection of a country’s expected Gross Domestic Product growth over a given period, often influenced by fiscal policy, global conditions, and internal demand dynamics.
• Monetary Easing: A macroeconomic policy tool used by central banks to lower interest rates or increase money supply to stimulate economic growth, especially when inflation is low.

Tabular Summary:

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11. How much financing did Adani Airport Holdings secure for Mumbai International Airport in June 2025?
A) $500 million
B) $750 million
C) $1 billion
D) $1.5 billion
E) $2 billion
Answer: B) $750 million

Event and Location:

• Event: Adani Airport Holdings secures $750 million investment for Mumbai International Airport
• Location: India (specifically Mumbai)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Adani Airport Holdings raised $750 million through four-year unsecured notes from a consortium led by Apollo-managed funds and other long-term investors
• Objectives: Refinance existing debt of Mumbai International Airport Ltd (MIAL) and support upcoming infrastructure and operational goals, with an additional option to raise $250 million

Important Terms Explained:

• Unsecured Notes: A type of debt instrument not backed by collateral. Investors rely on the creditworthiness of the issuer—in this case, Adani Airport Holdings—to recover funds.
• Refinancing: The process of replacing an existing debt with new debt, usually with better terms such as lower interest rates or extended repayment periods.
• Apollo Global Management: A major US-based private equity and investment firm known for its involvement in structured financing, including infrastructure-related investments worldwide.

Tabular Summary:

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12. What was the HSBC Flash Composite PMI value for India in June 2025?
A) 58.1
B) 59.3
C) 60.0
D) 61.0
E) 62.5
Answer: D) 61.0

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s Private Sector PMI hits 14-month high
• Location: India (nationwide composite data)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: HSBC India Flash Composite PMI reported a 14-month high of 61.0 for June 2025, reflecting combined growth in manufacturing and services sectors
• Objectives: Track private sector economic activity using the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) to assess trends in new orders, employment, pricing, and output

Important Terms Explained:

• Composite PMI (Purchasing Managers’ Index): A weighted average of the Manufacturing PMI and Services PMI, used to measure overall private sector economic activity. A reading above 50 indicates expansion, while below 50 shows contraction
• HSBC India Flash PMI: A preliminary estimate of India’s monthly composite PMI, compiled by S&P Global and released by HSBC, providing a near real-time snapshot of private sector performance
• Capacity Pressure: A situation in which production or service facilities are nearing full utilization, leading to higher hiring rates or backlogs of work

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs June 24

13. Who was appointed South Korea’s first civilian defence minister in 64 years?
A) Lee Jae Myung
B) Kim Yong Hyun
C) Cho Hyun
D) Ahn Gyu-back
E) Chung Dong-young
Answer: D) Ahn Gyu-back

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Ahn Gyu-back as South Korea’s first civilian Defence Minister in 64 years
• Location: South Korea
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: President Lee Jae Myung appointed Ahn Gyu-back, a five-term liberal lawmaker, as Minister of National Defence
• Objectives:
  • Break the six-decade-long tradition of appointing military generals as defence ministers
  • Reassert civilian control over the military following a failed martial law attempt under former President Yoon Suk Yeol
  • Oversee military reform and uphold democratic accountability in defence administration

Important Terms Explained:

• Martial Law: Temporary rule by military authorities over civilian functions of government, often imposed during emergencies or political crises; in South Korea’s case, used illegally in 2024 under Yoon Suk Yeol
• Civilian Control of the Military: A core democratic principle where military leadership is subordinate to elected civilian authorities, ensuring that the armed forces do not interfere in political governance
• National Assembly (South Korea): The unicameral legislature of South Korea; members serve four-year terms and are responsible for enacting laws, approving the budget, and monitoring the executive branch

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs June 24

14. Which institute has developed a portable point-of-care test kit for rapid detection of the Nipah virus in India?
A) All India Institute of Medical Sciences
B) National Institute of Virology Pune
C) Indian Council of Medical Research Delhi
D) National Centre for Disease Control
E) Defence Research and Development Organisation
Answer: B) National Institute of Virology Pune

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of portable point-of-care Nipah virus detection kit
• Location: India (specifically targeted for Kerala and West Bengal)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Development of a LAMP-based portable diagnostic kit for rapid detection of the Nipah virus outside laboratory settings
• Objectives: Enable instant diagnosis in high-risk regions to support early containment and minimize outbreak fatalities

Important Terms Explained:

• Point-of-Care Test Kit: A diagnostic device that allows medical testing at or near the site of patient care, offering faster results without requiring laboratory infrastructure.
• LAMP-based Test: A nucleic acid amplification method known as Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, used to rapidly detect viruses by amplifying their genetic material under constant temperature.
• Nipah Virus (NiV): A zoonotic virus transmitted by fruit bats, causing respiratory illness and encephalitis with a high fatality rate of over 50%. Outbreaks have been most common in Kerala and West Bengal.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs June 24

15. What is the total sanctioned amount under which 13 emergency defence contracts were completed in June 2025?
A) ₹1,000 crore
B) ₹1,500 crore
C) ₹2,000 crore
D) ₹2,500 crore
E) ₹3,000 crore
Answer: C) ₹2,000 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Completion of 13 emergency defence procurement contracts
• Location: India (focused on insurgency-prone regions)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Completion of 13 fast-tracked contracts worth ₹1,981.9 crore under the Emergency Procurement (EP) mechanism by the Ministry of Defence
• Objectives: Enhance operational preparedness of the Indian Army by acquiring modern, indigenous combat and surveillance systems for counter-insurgency and anti-terror operations

Important Terms Explained:

• Emergency Procurement (EP): A defence acquisition mechanism that enables swift procurement of critical equipment for the armed forces to meet urgent operational requirements, bypassing lengthy approval procedures.
• Loitering Munitions: Aerial weapons that hover in the target area before attacking, combining surveillance and strike capabilities. They are useful in high-threat combat zones with limited reaction time.
• Integrated Drone Detection and Interdiction Systems (IDDIS): Defence systems designed to detect, track, and neutralize enemy drones using radar, RF sensors, and jammers.
• Very Short Range Air Defence Systems (VSHORADS): Missile-based systems intended to provide close-range air defence against enemy aircraft or drones, especially during low-altitude attacks.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs June 24

16. What is the total value of the 19 road and tunnel projects approved for Jammu and Kashmir in June 2025?
A) ₹7,000 crore
B) ₹9,500 crore
C) ₹10,637 crore
D) ₹12,000 crore
E) ₹14,800 crore
Answer: C) ₹10,637 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of 19 major road and tunnel projects for Jammu & Kashmir
• Location: Jammu and Kashmir, India
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) approved 19 infrastructure projects worth ₹10,637 crore for construction, widening, and upgradation of National Highways, tunnels, flyovers, and bypasses across Jammu & Kashmir
• Objectives: Enhance connectivity, troop mobility, tourism access, and ensure all-weather routes to spur economic development and reduce travel time in remote and strategic regions

Important Terms Explained:

• DPR (Detailed Project Report): A comprehensive document detailing the technical, financial, and execution aspects of a project, required for formal approval and implementation
• NHIDCL (National Highways and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited): A government body responsible for the development of highways, especially in tough terrains like North-East and Himalayan regions
• BRO (Border Roads Organisation): A wing under the Ministry of Defence responsible for constructing and maintaining road infrastructure in India’s border and strategic areas
• MoRTH (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways): The central ministry overseeing road development and national transport policy across India

Tabular Summary:

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17. When did the ‘Stop Diarrhoea’ campaign begin in Southern Odisha?
A) June 10, 2025
B) June 12, 2025
C) June 16, 2025
D) June 23, 2025
E) July 1, 2025
Answer: C) June 16, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the ‘Stop Diarrhoea’ campaign in response to monsoon-related disease risks
• Location: Southern Odisha (Ganjam, Gajapati, Kandhamal); also initiated in Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: June 16, 2025 (Odisha); June 23, 2025 (Hyderabad)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of district-wide ‘Stop Diarrhoea’ campaigns in Odisha and Hyderabad to prevent and manage water-borne diseases during the monsoon season
• Objectives: Raise awareness on diarrhoea prevention, improve hand hygiene and clean water practices, conduct door-to-door health outreach, and prevent outbreak through coordinated public health intervention

Important Terms Explained:

• ASHA Workers (Accredited Social Health Activists): Community health workers appointed under India’s National Health Mission to create awareness on health and hygiene at the grassroots level, particularly in rural areas
• CDMO (Chief District Medical Officer): The senior-most medical official in a district responsible for planning and implementing public health campaigns and ensuring medical readiness in government health centres
• Chlorination Drive: A public health measure involving the regular treatment of drinking water sources with chlorine to eliminate disease-causing pathogens and prevent outbreaks of water-borne diseases

Tabular Summary:

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18. What is the estimated cost of the new urban health centre to be built on Dr. Besant Road in Chennai?
A) ₹6.25 crore
B) ₹8.13 crore
C) ₹3.01 crore
D) ₹9.68 crore
E) ₹5.50 crore
Answer: D) ₹9.68 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration and foundation laying of infrastructure projects in Chepauk-Tiruvallikeni constituency
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni constituency)
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Deputy Chief Minister Udhayanidhi Stalin inaugurated completed civic projects worth ₹8.13 crore and laid the foundation for new infrastructure works worth ₹9.68 crore
• Objectives: Improve urban infrastructure, public health facilities, and sanitation systems for residents in the Chepauk-Tiruvallikeni constituency

Important Terms Explained:

• H2S Gas Control System: A safety mechanism installed in sewage pumping stations to neutralize Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S), a hazardous gas with a foul odour, thereby improving air quality and health conditions in urban neighbourhoods
• MLD (Million Litres per Day): A unit used to measure capacity in water and sewage infrastructure, indicating how much water or waste can be processed daily
• Urban Community Health Centre: A government-run public health facility offering outpatient services, preventive care, and minor treatments in urban areas, especially for underserved populations

Tabular Summary:

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19. How many jobs are expected to be created from the eight projects approved by MEPZ SEZ in June 2025?
A) 1,647
B) 2,951
C) 1,000
D) 3,500
E) 2,015
Answer: B) 2,951

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of 8 new investment projects by MEPZ SEZ
• Location: Tamil Nadu, India (across SEZs in Coimbatore, Trichy, Tuticorin, Sholinganallur)
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: MEPZ SEZ Unit Approval Committee, chaired by Zonal Development Commissioner Alex Paul Menon, cleared 8 new projects worth ₹41 crore
• Objectives: Promote industrial investment and employment generation in Tamil Nadu’s SEZs, including inclusive hiring practices such as job opportunities for the transgender community

Important Terms Explained:

• MEPZ SEZ (Madras Export Processing Zone – Special Economic Zone): A government-controlled SEZ under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry focused on boosting exports and employment in South India through investment-friendly approvals
• SEZ (Special Economic Zone): Designated areas with economic regulations different from other regions to attract foreign and domestic investment, encourage industrial growth, and promote exports
• Transgender Inclusion: This approval round included a notable initiative—offering 30 jobs specifically for transgender individuals, promoting workplace diversity and inclusion in SEZ hiring

Tabular Summary:

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20. Which two organizations signed an MoU in June 2025 to promote AI-powered sustainable water management solutions?
A) NITI Aayog and TERI
B) BIS and NTPC
C) GRIHA Council and FluxGen
D) CSE and WaterAid India
E) Jal Shakti Ministry and IBM
Answer: C) GRIHA Council and FluxGen

Event and Location:

• Event: Signing of MoU for AI-powered sustainable water management solutions
• Location: Mangaluru, Karnataka (MoU signed between institutions based in India)
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Signing of a memorandum of understanding (MoU) between GRIHA Council and FluxGen Sustainable Technologies Pvt Ltd to implement real-time smart water management solutions using AI and IoT
• Objectives: Enhance water sustainability in India’s built environment by deploying data-driven, predictive, and transparent technologies integrated with the GRIHA rating framework in collaboration with government bodies and private developers

Important Terms Explained:

• GRIHA (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment): India’s national green building rating system that evaluates the environmental performance of buildings and infrastructure across multiple sustainability metrics, including energy, water, and waste
• FluxGen Sustainable Technologies: A Bengaluru-based climate tech company focused on delivering AI- and IoT-based water management solutions to help organizations optimize water use and track consumption in real time
• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): An industrial automation system used for real-time data collection and monitoring, useful in smart infrastructure like water and energy management
• IoT (Internet of Things): A network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data, enabling automation and real-time monitoring in systems such as water conservation

Tabular Summary:

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21. What is the purpose of integrating India’s Rare Donor Registry with the e-Rakt Kosh platform?
A) To increase plasma donations for export
B) To promote paid blood donation
C) To centralize access to rare blood donors and availability data
D) To create a new health insurance scheme
E) To track COVID-19 vaccine distribution
Answer: C) To centralize access to rare blood donors and availability data

Event and Location:

• Event: Integration of Rare Donor Registry with e-Rakt Kosh
• Location: India (nationwide platform); reported from Chandrapur, Maharashtra
• Date: June 21, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Central Health Ministry plans to integrate the Rare Donor Registry with the e-Rakt Kosh digital platform under the National Health Mission (NHM)
• Objectives: Provide a centralized, accessible system for locating rare blood group donors, checking blood availability, and coordinating with blood banks and donation camps across India to save time, costs, and lives

Important Terms Explained:

• Rare Donor Registry: A national-level database of individuals with rare blood types who can be contacted in emergencies for blood donation, often critical for patients with uncommon antigen profiles
• e-Rakt Kosh: A centrally managed online blood bank management system developed under the National Health Mission, which provides real-time data on blood stock, donor details, and blood donation camps
• National Health Mission (NHM): A government initiative launched in 2005 aimed at improving healthcare delivery across India, especially in rural and vulnerable regions, through better infrastructure and digital platforms

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22. Which Indian state recently granted OBC status to the transgender community and introduced 50% reservation for Anganwadi workers in supervisory roles?
A) Maharashtra
B) West Bengal
C) Kerala
D) Assam
E) Gujarat
Answer: D) Assam

Event and Location:

• Event: OBC status granted to transgender community and 50% reservation for Anganwadi workers in supervisor posts
• Location: Assam, India
• Date: June 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Assam government, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, announced OBC classification for the transgender community
  • Introduced 50% reservation for Anganwadi workers in supervisory-level recruitment under the Women and Child Development Department
• Objectives:
  • Promote gender equity, social inclusion, and upliftment of marginalised communities
  • Provide career advancement pathways for Anganwadi workers under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme
  • Ensure access to education, employment, and welfare schemes for transgender individuals

Important Terms Explained:

• OBC (Other Backward Class): A constitutionally recognized category in India for socially and educationally disadvantaged communities that are eligible for reservations in government jobs, education, and welfare schemes
• Transgender Community: Individuals whose gender identity does not align with their assigned sex at birth; historically marginalised and now receiving increased legal recognition and social welfare protections
• Anganwadi Workers: Grassroots-level women workers under the ICDS scheme, responsible for delivering health, nutrition, and early childhood education services in rural India
• ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services): A flagship welfare scheme launched in 1975 under the Ministry of Women and Child Development, aimed at improving nutrition and early childhood care for children and mothers

Tabular Summary:

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23. Which IIT has launched its first-ever special PhD admission drive exclusively for SC/ST candidates in 2025?
A) IIT Bombay
B) IIT Madras
C) IIT Delhi
D) IIT Kanpur
E) IIT Kharagpur
Answer: C) IIT Delhi

Event and Location:

• Event: IIT Delhi launches first-ever PhD admission drive for SC/ST candidates
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: June 21, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • IIT Delhi initiated a special PhD admission drive for Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) candidates, open until June 30, 2025
  • Departments instructed to adhere strictly to minimum eligibility criteria and consider supernumerary admissions if required
• Objectives:
  • Address long-standing under-representation of SC/ST scholars in doctoral programmes
  • Increase inclusivity and adhere to constitutional reservation norms of 15% for SCs and 7.5% for STs
  • Encourage applications by relaxing internal department-level cut-offs

Important Terms Explained:

• SC/ST (Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes): Constitutionally recognized disadvantaged social groups in India eligible for affirmative action in education, employment, and government services
• Supernumerary Seats: Additional seats created beyond the sanctioned intake to accommodate eligible candidates, without impacting the general category quota
• PhD Admission Drive: A targeted outreach or recruitment initiative by an institution to attract applications, often with a specific focus such as diversity, gender inclusion, or in this case, social equity
• Reservation Norms: Government-mandated quotas in education and jobs to ensure representation of marginalized communities; for central institutions, 15% for SC, 7.5% for ST

Tabular Summary:

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24. What is the primary aim of the NAVYA initiative launched by the Indian government in June 2025?
A) Promote digital banking among rural women
B) Train girls in traditional household crafts
C) Provide vocational training in non-traditional sectors to adolescent girls
D) Offer university scholarships to underprivileged boys
E) Open hostels for working women in urban centres
Answer: C) Provide vocational training in non-traditional sectors to adolescent girls

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of NAVYA – Nurturing Aspirations through Vocational Training for Young Adolescent Girls
• Location: Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: June 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of NAVYA, a pilot vocational training programme for adolescent girls (aged 16–18) with a minimum qualification of Class 10
  • Jointly initiated by the Ministry of Women and Child Development (MWCD) and the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE)
• Objectives:
  • Empower adolescent girls with vocational skills, especially in non-traditional job roles
  • Promote economic independence, gender equality, and women-led development under Viksit Bharat@2047
  • Facilitate implementation via existing skilling schemes like PMKVY and PM Vishwakarma

Important Terms Explained:

• NAVYA: Nurturing Aspirations through Vocational Training for Young Adolescent Girls – a government initiative to skill young girls in non-traditional fields and promote women’s economic participation
• PMKVY (Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana): A flagship scheme of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship aimed at providing skill training to youth to increase employability
• Viksit Bharat@2047: Government of India’s long-term vision to make India a fully developed, inclusive, and self-reliant nation by the year 2047, marking 100 years of independence
• Non-traditional Job Roles: Sectors or professions where women have been historically under-represented, such as electrical work, automotive repair, plumbing, drone technology, etc.

Tabular Summary:

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25. What was the theme of Yoga Connect 2025 held in Delhi ahead of the International Day of Yoga?
A) Yoga for Health and Harmony
B) Yoga for One World, One Soul
C) Yoga for Climate and Consciousness
D) Yoga for One Earth, One Health
E) Yoga for Global Peace and Unity
Answer: D) Yoga for One Earth, One Health

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Yoga Connect 2025 Global Hybrid Summit
• Location: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, India
• Date: June 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Ministry of Ayush, in collaboration with Central Council for Research in Yoga and Naturopathy (CCRYN), organized Yoga Connect 2025, a global summit ahead of the 11th International Day of Yoga (IDY)
  • The theme was “Yoga for One Earth, One Health”, with participation from yoga masters, scientists, policymakers, and cultural leaders
• Objectives:
  • Celebrate a decade of IDY, reflect on its national and global impact
  • Promote Yoga as a lifestyle practice, not a one-day event
  • Highlight yoga’s benefits in healthcare, industry, research, and cultural diplomacy
  • Foster cross-cultural collaboration, scientific research, and commercial innovation through Yoga

Important Terms Explained:

• International Day of Yoga (IDY): Celebrated annually on June 21, initiated by the UN in 2014 following a proposal by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, to raise awareness worldwide about the benefits of Yoga
• CCRYN (Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy): An autonomous body under the Ministry of Ayush promoting scientific research and education in yoga and naturopathy
• Yoga Prabhava: A survey report released during the event to assess the impact of 10 years of IDY on national health, wellness, and awareness
• One Earth, One Health: A global philosophy aligning human well-being with planetary health, promoting integrated and sustainable living

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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