Daily Current Affairs September 27

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs September 27. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly  current affairs pdf.

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September 27 | Daily Current Affairs 2024

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 27

1. When is World Environmental Health Day celebrated, and what is the theme for 2024?
A) October 5; “Greener Cities, Healthier Lives”
B) September 26; “Environmental Health: Creating Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation”
C) June 15; “Clean Air and Water for All”
D) April 22; “Climate Change and Public Health”
E) August 1; “Sustainable Environment for Future Generations”
Answer: B) September 26; “Environmental Health: Creating Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation”

Event and Location:

• Event: World Environmental Health Day 2024
• Location: Observed globally on September 26

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose: To raise awareness about the importance of environmental health and how it affects public well-being. Focus areas include:
  • Waste Management: Proper handling and disposal of waste.
  • Pollution Control: Addressing pollution in air, water, and soil.
  • Sanitation: Ensuring access to clean water and hygienic conditions.
  • Clean Air and Water: Promoting initiatives to improve air and water quality.
• 2024 Theme: “Environmental Health: Creating Resilient Communities through Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation”
  • Emphasizes the link between disaster risk management, climate change, and public health.
  • Encourages communities to be better prepared for environmental challenges, including health risks from natural disasters and climate change.

Important Terms Explained:

• Disaster Risk Reduction: Steps taken to reduce the impact of natural disasters.
• Climate Change Mitigation: Efforts to limit the pace of global warming by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Climate Change Adaptation: Adjusting practices to cope with the effects of climate change.

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2. What is the focus of World Contraception Day 2024, and which organizations have released a joint statement on the importance of contraception?
A) Advocating for clean water access; UNICEF and WHO
B) Promoting reproductive health education; FIGO and ICM
C) Fighting against malnutrition; UN and FAO
D) Empowering women entrepreneurs; World Bank and IMF
E) Addressing climate change; UNEP and WWF
Answer: B) Promoting reproductive health education; FIGO and ICM

Event and Location:

• Event: World Contraception Day 2024
• Location: Global observance on September 26

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose: The day promotes universal access to contraception and reproductive health education globally.
  • Led by the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) and the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM), the advocacy focuses on the crucial role of contraception in improving maternal and infant health.
  • Promotes contraceptive awareness through social media campaigns, focusing on empowering women to make informed reproductive choices.
• Main Focus:
  • The five Ps of family planning introduced by FIGO President Prof. Kihara Anne-Beatrice: Plan, Prepare, Promote, Prevent, and Protect.
  • Collaboration of OBGYNs and Midwives: A joint statement emphasizes addressing short inter-pregnancy intervals, associated with health risks like maternal anaemia, preterm births, and infant mortality.

Important Terms Explained:

• Contraceptive Choice: The freedom and ability to choose from a range of contraceptive methods based on individual needs.
• Postpartum and Post-Abortion Care: Key periods where the unmet need for contraception is highest.
• Five Ps of Family Planning:
  • Plan: Encourage women to plan pregnancies based on their needs.
  • Prepare: Help them make informed decisions on timing and spacing of pregnancies.
  • Promote: Advocate for the needs of marginalized groups.
  • Prevent: Avoid unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions.
  • Protect: Ensure mothers and babies receive timely care and contraceptive advice.

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3. What was the theme of World Pharmacists Day 2024, and what key role do pharmacists play in healthcare?
A) “Pharmacists: Innovating for Global Well-Being”; Facilitating Telemedicine
B) “Pharmacists: Promoting Sustainable Healthcare”; Leading Environmental Campaigns
C) “Pharmacists: Meeting Global Health Needs”; Providing expert guidance on medication and disease prevention
D) “Pharmacists: Transforming Healthcare”; Advocating for Digital Health Solutions
E) “Pharmacists: Empowering Communities”; Supporting Mental Health Programs
Answer: C) “Pharmacists: Meeting Global Health Needs”; Providing expert guidance on medication and disease prevention

Event and Location:

• Event: World Pharmacists Day 2024
• Date: September 25, 2024
• Organized by: International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) in partnership with the World Health Organization (WHO).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Theme:
  • The 2024 theme is “Pharmacists: Meeting Global Health Needs”, which highlights the critical role pharmacists play in addressing global health challenges, including disease prevention, medication management, and patient care.
• Role of Pharmacists:
  • Pharmacists are often the first point of contact for healthcare advice and play a crucial role in dispensing medications, chronic disease management, and educating patients on safe medicine usage.
  • During the COVID-19 pandemic, pharmacists were essential in distributing vaccines, providing life-saving medications, and offering community-level healthcare services.
• Key Areas of Impact:
  • Generic Medicines: Pharmacists ensure access to affordable generic medicines, which are bioequivalent to branded drugs but at a significantly lower cost, making healthcare more accessible.
  • Patient Counselling: They provide guidance on the use of medicines and promote adherence to prescribed therapies, contributing to improved health outcomes.
  • Substance Abuse Prevention: Pharmacists also lead in substance abuse education and health programs for disease prevention.
  • cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practices): Pharmacists help ensure quality control in drug manufacturing, maintaining the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals.

Important Terms Explained:

• Generic Medicines: Cost-effective alternatives to branded drugs, offering the same therapeutic benefits.
• Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP): Regulations ensuring the proper design, monitoring, and control of manufacturing processes and facilities.

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs September 27

4. Which legendary West Indies cricketer recently retired from all forms of cricket after a groin injury, and how many T20 wickets did he take in his career?
A) Chris Gayle; 300 wickets
B) Kieron Pollard; 400 wickets
C) Dwayne Bravo; 631 wickets
D) Andre Russell; 250 wickets
E) Sunil Narine; 550 wickets
Answer: C) Dwayne Bravo; 631 wickets

Event and Location:

• Event: Dwayne Bravo has retired from all forms of cricket after a groin injury cut short his final season in the Caribbean Premier League.
• Location: The 40-year-old was playing for Trinbago Knight Riders when he decided to retire.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Dwayne Bravo’s Career:
  • He is the leading wicket-taker in T20 history, with 631 wickets in total across all T20 matches.
  • Bravo won three Indian Premier League (IPL) titles with Chennai Super Kings and is third on the list of most wickets in IPL with 183 wickets.
  • Internationally, Bravo played 40 Test matches and 164 ODIs for the West Indies, retiring from international cricket in 2021.
• Major Achievements:
  • Won two T20 World Cups with the West Indies.
  • Bravo’s notable T20 wicket-taking average: 24.40 runs per wicket with an economy rate of 8.26.
• Post Retirement:
  • After retiring, Bravo will take up a mentor role with the Kolkata Knight Riders, an IPL team.

Important Terms Explained:

• T20 Cricket: A format of cricket where each team plays 20 overs, often resulting in faster-paced and high-scoring matches.
• Groin Injury: An injury that affects the muscles of the inner thigh, which can hinder mobility and cause pain, often leading to players taking time off or retiring.

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs September 27

5. What is India’s rank in the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024, and which country secured the top position?
A) 40th; USA
B) 39th; Switzerland
C) 41st; Sweden
D) 35th; Switzerland
E) 39th; USA
Answer: B) 39th; Switzerland

Event and Location:

• Event: Global Innovation Index (GII) 2024
• India’s Rank: 39th with a score of 38.3, improving by one position from 40th in 2023.
• Top Country: Switzerland, ranking 1st for the 14th consecutive year with a score of 67.5.

Mandates and Objectives:

• GII Report: Assesses 133 economies based on innovation performance, using seven indicators:
  • Institutions: India’s rank improved from 56 to 54, despite a score decline from 53.9 to 51.5.
  • Human Capital and Research: India’s performance showed slight declines compared to previous years.
  • Infrastructure: India improved its rank and score from last year.
  • Market Sophistication and Business Sophistication: India saw a slight dip in both rank and score.
  • Knowledge and Technology Outputs: India remained 22nd, but its score dipped slightly from 39.7 to 38.8.
  • Creative Outputs: Improved in both rank and score.
• India’s Strengths:
  • ICT Services Exports: Ranked 1st.
  • Venture Capital Received: Ranked 6th globally.
  • Intangible Asset Intensity: Ranked 7th.
  • Unicorn Companies: Ranked 8th globally.

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Innovation Index (GII): An annual ranking of countries by their capacity for and success in innovation.
• Institutions: Evaluates the quality of political, regulatory, and business environments.
• Knowledge and Technology Outputs: Measures the creation, impact, and diffusion of knowledge.

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6. Who are the top young entrepreneurs featured in the Hurun India Under-35 List 2024?
A) Isha Ambani, Akash Ambani, Alakh Pandey
B) Sundar Pichai, Satya Nadella, Nithin Kamath
C) Ratan Tata, Mukesh Ambani, Gautam Adani
D) Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffet
E) Nirmala Sitharaman, Shaktikanta Das, Uday Kotak
Answer: A) Isha Ambani, Akash Ambani, Alakh Pandey

Event and Location:

• Event: Hurun India Under-35 List 2024
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose: The Hurun India Under-35 List recognizes the achievements of 150 young entrepreneurs aged 35 or younger from across India.
  • 82% of the listed entrepreneurs are first-generation business leaders.
  • The list covers multiple industries, including retail, tech startups, and more.
• Top Entrepreneurs Featured:
  • Isha Ambani: Co-leads Reliance Jio and Reliance Retail Ventures, playing a key role in the digital and retail sectors.
  • Akash Ambani: Chairman of Reliance Jio, overseeing India’s largest telecom network.
  • Alakh Pandey: Founder of PhysicsWallah, an educational platform that focuses on affordable online learning.

Important Terms Explained:

• First-Generation Entrepreneurs: Individuals who start their own business without inheriting a family business.
• Hurun Report: A leading research, media, and investments company known for compiling lists of wealthy and successful individuals.

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 27

7. Which global tech company has signed an MoU with the University of Auckland to drive innovation in AI, ML, and Quantum Computing?
A) Infosys
B) TCS
C) Wipro
D) Tech Mahindra
E) HCL
Answer: D) Tech Mahindra

Event and Location:

• Event: MoU between Tech Mahindra and University of Auckland
• Location: University of Auckland, New Zealand

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose: To enhance collaboration between Tech Mahindra and University of Auckland (UoA) for innovation in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Quantum Computing.
  • The partnership aims to advance cutting-edge technologies such as spiking neural networks, 1-bit large language models (LLMs), and post-quantum cryptography.
  • The collaboration covers various industries, including healthcare, banking, financial services, insurance, and the government sector.
• Focus Areas:
  • Quantum ML in Healthcare: Innovations such as drug discovery and digital biomarkers for personalized therapies.
  • Research and Innovation: Joint research initiatives integrating academic data resources and expert research insights for real-world applications.
  • Student Internships: UoA students will gain hands-on experience in AI, ML, and emerging technologies through internships at Tech Mahindra.

Important Terms Explained:

• AI (Artificial Intelligence): The development of computer systems that can perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.
• Quantum Computing: A type of computing that uses quantum bits (qubits) to process data at unprecedented speeds, especially useful for complex problem-solving in industries like healthcare and finance.
• Post-Quantum Cryptography: Cryptographic algorithms designed to be secure against quantum computer-based attacks.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 27

8. Who has been appointed as the new President of the National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI) in 2024?
A) Zorawar Kalra
B) Pranav Rungta
C) Anurag Katriar
D) Sagar Daryani
E) Riyaaz Amlani
Answer: D) Sagar Daryani

Event and Location:

• Event: Sagar Daryani, the CEO & Co-Founder of Wow! Momo, was named the new President of the National Restaurant Association of India (NRAI) at its 42nd Annual General Meeting.
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: September 27, 2024.

Mandates and Objectives:

• NRAI Leadership:
  • Sagar Daryani replaces the outgoing President of NRAI, bringing his extensive experience in the restaurant industry to the role.
  • Pranav Rungta, Director of Mint Hospitality, continues his role as Vice President.
  • Zorawar Kalra, Founder & MD of Massive Restaurants, was also appointed as Vice President.
• NRAI Focus Areas:
  • The association will focus on resolving key industry issues such as GST, Input Tax Credit, and expanding association chapters across India.
  • NRAI now has over 5 lakh restaurants as members and has expanded from 6 to 20 chapters nationwide.

Important Terms Explained:

• GST (Goods and Services Tax): A comprehensive indirect tax levied on the supply of goods and services in India.
• Input Tax Credit (ITC): A mechanism that allows businesses to reduce their tax liability by claiming the tax they have already paid on inputs.

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9. Who has been appointed as the new President of the Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India (OPPI) in September 2024?
A) Zubin Mehta
B) Pankaj Patel
C) Bhushan Akshikar
D) Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw
E) Dilip Shanghvi
Answer: C) Bhushan Akshikar

Event and Location:

• Event: Bhushan Akshikar, Managing Director of GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, has been appointed as the President of OPPI.
• Location: Mumbai, India
• Date: September 26, 2024 (for a term of two years).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Bhushan Akshikar takes on the role as the new President of OPPI for a two-year tenure.
  • He brings his extensive leadership experience from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Pharmaceuticals to OPPI, one of the key industry bodies representing pharmaceutical companies in India.

Important Terms Explained:

• OPPI (Organisation of Pharmaceutical Producers of India): A leading industry body representing research-based pharmaceutical companies in India, working to improve healthcare through innovation and advocacy.
• GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals (GSK): A global healthcare company focused on the development and distribution of pharmaceuticals, vaccines, and consumer healthcare products.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 27

10. Who was honored with the ICC Lifetime Achievement Award 2023 for contributions to India’s chemical sector?
A) Ratan Tata
B) Mukesh Ambani
C) Deepak C Mehta
D) Gautam Adani
E) Anil Agarwal
Answer: C) Deepak C Mehta

Event and Location:

• Event: ICC Lifetime Achievement Award 2023
• Location: 59th ICC Annual Awards Function, held in Mumbai, India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Award Winner: Deepak C Mehta, Chairman and Managing Director of Deepak Nitrite Limited, received the Indian Chemical Council (ICC) Lifetime Achievement Award.
  • Recognition: The award acknowledges Mehta’s significant contributions to the chemical manufacturing sector in India and his advocacy of Responsible Chemistry, which promotes sustainable and ethical practices.
  • Under his leadership, Deepak Nitrite has become a leader in the chemical industry, driving import substitution and advancing self-reliance in India’s chemical production.
• Presenter: The award was presented by Padma Vibhushan Dr. Raghunath Mashelkar, a renowned scientist in polymer science.

Important Terms Explained:

• Responsible Chemistry: An approach that emphasizes sustainable and ethical chemical manufacturing practices.
• Make in India: An initiative promoting indigenous production in India, including the chemical sector.

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs September 27

11. What are the names of the new High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi for weather and climate research, and what is their primary focus?
A) Aditya and Bhaskara; Earthquake predictions
B) Arka and Arunika; Weather and climate forecasting
C) Pratyush and Mihir; Flood management
D) Surya and Varun; Agriculture planning
E) Bhaskara and Anshul; Space exploration
Answer: B) Arka and Arunika; Weather and climate forecasting

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of new High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems by PM Narendra Modi tailored for weather and climate research.
• Location:
  • Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune
  • National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), Noida.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Names of the HPC Systems:
  • Arka and Arunika, inspired by the sun (Surya), reflecting their connection to the primary energy source for the Earth.
• Primary Focus:
  • These systems are designed to enhance India’s computational capacity for weather and climate forecasting, especially for extreme weather events such as tropical cyclones, heavy rainfall, heat waves, and droughts.
• System Specifications:
  • IITM: 11.77 PetaFLOPS with 33 petabytes of storage.
  • NCMRWF: 8.24 PetaFLOPS with 24 petabytes of storage.
  • Combined capacity of 22 PetaFLOPS, compared to the previous 6.8 PetaFLOPS.

Important Terms Explained:

• PetaFLOPS: A measure of a computer’s processing speed, referring to quadrillions of calculations per second.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): These technologies are integrated into the system to enhance forecasting accuracy and data analysis.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 27

12. What was the primary focus of S. Jaishankar’s participation in the Joint Ministerial Meeting of L.69 and C-10 groupings on the sidelines of the 79th UNGA session?
A) Discussing global climate change
B) Advocating for UN Security Council (UNSC) reforms
C) Promoting free trade agreements
D) Addressing the global refugee crisis
E) Signing peace agreements between nations
Answer: B) Advocating for UN Security Council (UNSC) reforms

Event and Location:

• Event: Joint Ministerial Meeting of L.69 and C-10 groupings
• Location: Held on the sidelines of the 79th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in New York, USA.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose:
  • S. Jaishankar, India’s External Affairs Minister, highlighted the need for reform of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), both in the permanent and non-permanent categories.
  • The L.69 group, chaired by Ralph Gonsalves (PM of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), along with the C-10 (African Union’s Committee of 10), focused on the inclusion of developing countries and the Global South in the Security Council.
• Key Points Discussed:
  • Text-Based Negotiations (TBN) in the Intergovernmental Negotiations (IGN) process, aiming for concrete outcomes within a fixed timeframe.
  • The importance of making the Security Council more representative, transparent, efficient, and accountable.
  • The need for greater representation of underrepresented regions like Africa, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America.

Important Terms Explained:

• L.69 Group: A coalition of developing countries pushing for UNSC reforms.
• C-10 Group: The African Union Committee of 10, representing the Common African Position on Security Council reform.
• Ezulwini Consensus and Sirte Declaration: African Union frameworks advocating for stronger African representation on the UNSC.

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13. Which international anti-corruption platform has India been elected to, and what role will it play?
A) UN Security Council; Peacekeeping operations
B) Financial Action Task Force (FATF); Anti-money laundering
C) GlobE Steering Committee; Combating corruption and asset recovery
D) Interpol; Global police cooperation
E) World Bank; Financial inclusion initiatives
Answer: C) GlobE Steering Committee; Combating corruption and asset recovery

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s election to the 15-member GlobE Steering Committee
• Location: The plenary session held in Beijing on September 26, 2024.

Mandates and Objectives:

• India’s Role:
  • India has been elected to the GlobE Steering Committee, a global platform aimed at combating corruption and promoting asset recovery.
  • As a member of the Steering Committee, India will contribute to shaping the global anti-corruption agenda, bringing its expertise and experience in combating cross-border financial crimes.
• GloBE Network:
  • Launched as a G-20 initiative in 2021, the Global Operational Network of Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement Authorities (GlobE Network) now has 121 member countries and 219 member authorities.
  • It provides a platform for agencies worldwide to share best practices, criminal intelligence, and develop strategies to fight corruption.
  • India’s representation in the Steering Committee includes the CBI and the Enforcement Directorate.
• India’s Contribution:
  • During India’s G-20 Presidency in 2023, two high-level principles for combating corruption were adopted, which leverage the GloBE Network to improve global cooperation.

Important Terms Explained:

• GloBE Network: A G-20 initiative aimed at fighting global corruption by connecting anti-corruption law enforcement agencies worldwide.
• Asset Recovery: The process of tracing, freezing, and returning stolen or corrupt assets to their rightful owners.

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14. Which two organizations have partnered to support data systems aimed at combating climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean?
A) World Bank and WHO
B) UNDP and FAO
C) IDB and UNDP
D) UNEP and IMF
E) WTO and ITU
Answer: C) IDB and UNDP

Event and Location:

• Event: Partnership between the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to support climate and weather data systems.
• Location: Latin America and the Caribbean region, with the announcement made in New York on September 24, 2024.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose:
  • The partnership aims to improve weather forecasting, early warning systems, and climate information services in Latin America and the Caribbean.
  • The IDB will access funding from the Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF) to help close data gaps in climate and weather observations.
• SOFF Initiative:
  • SOFF was established in 2021 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), UNEP, and UNDP to provide financial and technical assistance for countries lacking basic weather and climate data.
  • Focus: Prioritizes Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS).
  • The IDB is one of the first Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to access the fund for this purpose, initially implementing projects in Belize and later expanding to countries like The Bahamas, Barbados, Ecuador, Guyana, and others.

Important Terms Explained:

• Systematic Observations Financing Facility (SOFF): A financing mechanism that helps countries improve their weather and climate data collection and sharing, enhancing global coordination on climate adaptation.
• Global Basic Observing Network (GBON): International standards for collecting and sharing weather and climate observations.

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15. What is the purpose of the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) signed between India and Uzbekistan in Tashkent?
A) Promote free trade between the two nations
B) Protect investments and provide dispute resolution through arbitration
C) Strengthen military cooperation
D) Establish a tourism partnership
E) Support joint infrastructure projects
Answer: B) Protect investments and provide dispute resolution through arbitration

Event and Location:

• Event: Signing of the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between India and the Republic of Uzbekistan.
• Location: Tashkent, Uzbekistan
• Date: September 27, 2024

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of BIT:
  • The treaty ensures protection for Indian investors in Uzbekistan and Uzbek investors in India.
  • It guarantees a minimum standard of treatment and non-discrimination, offering investors the confidence to invest.
  • The BIT provides an independent forum for resolving disputes through arbitration, ensuring protection from expropriation and transparency in matters related to transfers and compensation for losses.
  • It balances investment protection with the State’s right to regulate, ensuring that both countries retain policy space.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT): A legal agreement between two countries ensuring mutual protection of investments, offering legal frameworks like arbitration for dispute resolution.
• Expropriation: The act of a government taking private property for public use, for which compensation must be paid.

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16. What was the primary focus of the India-Bhutan Commerce Secretary Level Meeting (CSLM) held in Thimphu in September 2024?
A) Promote joint tourism projects
B) Strengthen military cooperation
C) Enhance cross-border trade and connectivity infrastructure
D) Establish cultural exchange programs
E) Develop educational institutions
Answer: C) Enhance cross-border trade and connectivity infrastructure

Event and Location:

• Event: India-Bhutan Commerce Secretary Level Meeting (CSLM)
• Location: Thimphu, Bhutan
• Date: September 27-28, 2024
• Chaired by: Sunil Barthwal, Commerce Secretary, Government of India, and Dasho Tashi Wangmo, Secretary, Ministry of Economic Affairs (MoICE), Bhutan.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Focus:
  • Enhance cross-border trade and connectivity infrastructure between India and Bhutan.
  • Key projects discussed included:
    • Establishment of an Integrated Check Post at Jaigaon-Phuentsholing.
    • Development of rail-links between Kokrajhar-Gelephu and Banarhat-Samtse.
  • Trade facilitation measures included:
    • Notification of Land Customs Stations (LCS) for the import of areca nut and food items.
    • Notification of LCS Jaigaon for the import of scrap from Bhutan to India.
    • The establishment of border haats and facilitation of businessperson movement.
    • Agreement to enhance trade in boulders, timber, and other commodities from Bhutan to India.
• Key Agreements:
  • Recognition of control by the Bhutan Food and Drug Authority (BFDA) by FSSAI, facilitating food imports.
  • Finalization of an agreement between Bhutan’s National Seed Centre and Brahmaputra Valley Fertilizer Corporation for the supply of fertilizers to Bhutan.

Important Terms Explained:

• Integrated Check Post (ICP): A facility for efficient handling of border trade and immigration at land borders, providing security and ease of business.
• Land Customs Stations (LCS): Customs stations at borders where the import/export of goods is monitored and regulated.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 27

17. Which Union Minister inaugurated the 5G Open RAN testing lab at C-DOT Bengaluru and the Wireless Center of Excellence at Tejas Networks?
A) Rajnath Singh
B) Nirmala Sitharaman
C) Piyush Goyal
D) Jyotiraditya Scindia
E) Amit Shah
Answer: D) Jyotiraditya Scindia

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the 5G Open RAN Testing Lab at Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) and the Tejas Center of Excellence for Wireless Communications at Tejas Networks.
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• 5G Open RAN Testing Lab at C-DOT:
  • Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia inaugurated the 5G O-RAN Testing Lab.
  • The lab will benefit startups, academia, and industry to test components of the 5G Open RAN system developed by them.
  • It aims to facilitate the development of a complete Indian 5G ecosystem, covering core, access, transport, cloud, orchestration, and security.
• Tejas Center of Excellence:
  • Focuses on advancing research in next-generation mobile networks, including 6G and beyond.
  • The center deals with cutting-edge areas like AI/ML, Massive MIMO, Terahertz Communications, and Sub-band Full Duplex.
• Launch of Indigenously Designed 32T32R Massive MIMO Radio: Capable of delivering 1+ Gbps download speeds using 5G mid-band spectrum, enhancing India’s 5G capabilities.

Important Terms Explained:

• 5G Open RAN (O-RAN): A standardized, open interface that allows different vendors to supply different components of the Radio Access Network (RAN).
• Massive MIMO: A technology in 5G that increases wireless capacity by using multiple antennas for better data transmission.
• Viksit Bharat 2047: A vision for a developed India by 2047, focusing on self-reliance and technological advancements.

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18. What is the primary objective of the Paryatan Mitra and Paryatan Didi initiative launched by the Ministry of Tourism on World Tourism Day 2024?
A) To promote luxury travel in India
B) To offer financial aid to tour operators
C) To train locals to become ambassadors for tourism and improve tourist experiences
D) To offer tax benefits for hotel owners
E) To provide free travel packages to tourists
Answer: C) To train locals to become ambassadors for tourism and improve tourist experiences

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the Paryatan Mitra and Paryatan Didi initiative by the Ministry of Tourism on World Tourism Day 2024.
• Locations: Piloted across 6 tourist destinations: Orchha (Madhya Pradesh), Gandikota (Andhra Pradesh), Bodh Gaya (Bihar), Aizawl (Mizoram), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), and Sri Vijaya Puram (Andaman & Nicobar Islands), and expanded to 50 destinations across India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Objective:
  • To train locals, including cab drivers, hotel staff, tour guides, and others, to become ambassadors for their destinations by offering high-quality hospitality and tourist experiences.
  • Focused on storytelling, cleanliness, safety, and promoting local culture to enhance the experience for visitors.
• Special Focus:
  • The initiative places emphasis on the training of women and youth under the titles Paryatan Didi and Paryatan Mitra, empowering them to create tourism experiences like heritage walks, food tours, nature treks, and homestays.
  • Ensures that trained individuals act as local ambassadors to improve tourist experiences and boost employment in the tourism sector.
• Impact:
  • So far, 3,000 individuals have been trained, contributing to improving the hospitality sector across India.
  • Participants are trained in digital literacy to promote tourism products and services, both nationally and globally.

Important Terms Explained:

• Athithi Devo Bhava: A Sanskrit phrase meaning “The guest is God,” used to emphasize the importance of hospitality in Indian culture.
• Homestay Experiences: A type of accommodation where travelers stay with local families, allowing for a more immersive cultural experience.

Static GK Information:

Tabular Summary:

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19. On World Tourism Day 2024, the Ministry of Tourism facilitated the signing of MoUs between Central Institutes of Hotel Management (CIHMs) and how many leading hospitality groups?
A) 5
B) 6
C) 7
D) 8
E) 10
Answer: D) 8

Event and Location:

• Event: Signing of Memoranda of Understanding (MoUs) between Central Institutes of Hotel Management (CIHMs) and 8 leading national and global hospitality groups.
• Date: September 27, 2024 (World Tourism Day).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Objective:
  • To promote global Indian hospitality and improve tourism and hospitality skills in India.
  • The MoUs will enable student engagement, faculty development, and infrastructure enhancement at CIHMs through partnerships with leading hospitality brands.
• Hospitality Groups Involved:
  • Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL)
  • IHG Hotels & Resorts
  • Marriott International
  • Lalit Suri Hospitality Group
  • ITC Group of Hotels
  • Apeejay Surrendra Park Hotels
  • Radisson Group of Hotels
  • Lemon Tree Hotels
• Key Areas of Collaboration:
  • Student Engagement: Pairing students with industry mentors, providing internship opportunities, conducting masterclasses and bootcamps.
  • Faculty Development: Offering industry exposure, training, and facilitating research collaborations.
  • Institutional Development: Improving infrastructure, supporting entrepreneurship, and working towards creating global centres of excellence.

Important Terms Explained:

• MoU (Memorandum of Understanding): A formal agreement between two or more parties outlining the terms and details of a partnership.
• CIHM (Central Institutes of Hotel Management): Government-supported institutions in India offering hospitality and tourism education under the Ministry of Tourism.

Static GK Information:

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20. Which two organizations co-hosted the Climate and Health Solutions (CHS) India Conclave and what was its primary focus?
A) WHO and World Bank; Infectious Diseases
B) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and Asian Development Bank (ADB); Climate Resilience in Health Systems
C) UNDP and IMF; Food Security
D) Ministry of Finance and FAO; Agriculture Reforms
E) NITI Aayog and UNICEF; Child Health
Answer: B) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and Asian Development Bank (ADB); Climate Resilience in Health Systems

Event and Location:

• Event: Climate and Health Solutions (CHS) India Conclave
• Location: Delhi, India
• Date: September 2024
  • Co-hosted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Focus:
  • To develop strategies for building climate-resilient health systems and infrastructure to address the impact of climate change on public health in India.
  • The conclave discussed various sub-themes such as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), mental health, nutrition, and the integration of digital technologies in climate-ready healthcare.
  • The event highlighted the role of adaptive health infrastructure to withstand the increasing frequency of extreme weather events and environmental challenges.
• Key Discussions:
  • Roundtable on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), Nutrition, and Mental Health: Focused on how climate change exacerbates health issues, especially affecting vulnerable populations.
  • Blended Finance for Climate-Health: Discussed the need for innovative funding models to support climate-health initiatives, particularly involving green catalytic funding.
  • Innovations: Showcased tools and technologies such as the Climate Risk Observatory Tool and early warning systems for climate-health risks.

Important Terms Explained:

• Climate-Resilient Health Systems: Healthcare systems that are adapted to withstand the effects of climate change, including extreme weather, changing disease patterns, and environmental stressors.
• Blended Finance: A financing strategy that combines public and private investments to fund development projects, especially in areas like healthcare and infrastructure.

Static GK Information:

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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