Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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September 27 & 28 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

1. What is the theme of World Tourism Day 2025?
A) Tourism and Green Investments
B) Tourism and Sustainable Transformation
C) Tourism for Inclusive Growth
D) Travel for All Accessibility in Tourism
E) Tourism for Rural Development
Answer: B) Tourism and Sustainable Transformation

Event and Location:

• Event: Celebration of World Tourism Day 2025
• Location: Malaysia (Host Country), India (Domestic Initiatives)
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Government of India announced progress under multiple schemes like Swadesh Darshan, PRASHAD, and SASCI, and highlighted India’s tourism performance in terms of foreign and domestic footfalls.
• Objectives:
  • To promote sustainable tourism, improve infrastructure, enhance local employment, preserve cultural heritage, and position India as a global tourism and MICE destination while contributing to GDP and sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Important Terms Explained:

• Swadesh Darshan Scheme (SDS):
  • Launched in 2014-15, this is a Central Sector Scheme focused on the development of thematic tourism circuits such as Buddhist, Coastal, Tribal, and Himalayan circuits. It was revamped into Swadesh Darshan 2.0 in 2023 for sustainable, destination-centric tourism.
• PRASHAD Scheme:
  • Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Heritage Augmentation Drive, launched in 2014-15, aims at enhancing infrastructure at religious sites while preserving their heritage, ensuring accessibility, safety, and tourist satisfaction.
• SASCI (Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment):
  • Launched in July 2025, this initiative provides 100% central funding for tourism infrastructure projects worth ₹3,295.76 crore across 23 states, aiming for completion by March 2026.
• Dekho Apna Desh:
  • Launched in 2020, this initiative promotes domestic tourism through awareness campaigns, citizen engagement activities, and people’s choice polls to identify popular destinations.
• CBDD (Challenge-Based Destination Development):
  • Part of Swadesh Darshan, this approach selects destinations based on themes like Culture & Heritage, Spiritual & Eco-Tourism, Amrit Dharohar, and Vibrant Villages Programme, focusing on local empowerment and destination enhancement.
• Incredible India Digital Portal:
  • A one-stop digital platform offering travel planning, bookings, multimedia content, and real-time AI support, aimed at improving the tourist experience across India.
• MICE Tourism:
  • Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions—India is focusing on becoming a global MICE hub by developing infrastructure and digital promotion under the Incredible India campaign.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

2. Which company became India’s first large, diversified enterprise recognised as an Awarding Body by NCVET?
A) Tata Steel
B) JSW Steel
C) SAIL
D) Jindal Steel
E) ArcelorMittal Nippon Steel
Answer: D) Jindal Steel

Event and Location:

• Event: Jindal Steel recognised as Awarding Body by NCVET
• Location: New Delhi, India (National Scope)
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Jindal Steel signed an agreement with the National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET) to function as an Awarding Body with Pan-India jurisdiction under the Large Indian Enterprise/MNC category.
• Objectives:
  • To introduce industry-aligned skilling standards, implement structured vocational education, and promote credit-linked qualifications under the National Credit Framework, supporting India’s NEP 2020 and long-term workforce development.

Important Terms Explained:

• NCVET (National Council for Vocational Education and Training):
  • A regulatory body under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship responsible for setting standards, quality assurance, and recognizing institutions involved in vocational education.
• Awarding Body:
  • An entity authorised to grant credentials for skills and vocational training. Jindal Steel becomes the first diversified large enterprise to hold this status in India, enabling it to certify industry-relevant skills.
• National Credit Framework (NCrF):
  • An integrated academic and vocational credit system proposed under NEP 2020, allowing students to earn and accumulate credits from diverse learning streams for lifelong learning and mobility.
• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020:
  • A comprehensive policy aiming to overhaul India’s education system by integrating academic and vocational education, promoting flexible learning paths, and enhancing employability.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

3. Which organization has Kerala Bank partnered with to set up a FinTech Innovation Zone?
A) NITI Aayog
B) Startup India
C) Kerala Startup Mission
D) Reserve Bank of India
E) Digital India Foundation
Answer: C) Kerala Startup Mission

Event and Location:

• Event: Kerala Bank’s partnership with Kerala Startup Mission to set up a FinTech Innovation Zone
• Location: Kochi, Kerala
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Kerala Bank signed an MoU with Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM) to establish a FinTech Innovation Zone at its IT premises in Kakkanad, Kochi, valid for three years.
• Objectives:
  • To foster digital innovation in the cooperative banking sector by supporting FinTech startups through mentorship, incubation, PoC projects, funding access, and market integration, thereby modernizing Kerala’s cooperative financial ecosystem.

Important Terms Explained:

• FinTech Innovation Zone:
  • A collaborative platform set up within Kerala Bank to incubate and support financial technology startups that develop digital banking solutions tailored to the cooperative sector.
• Kerala Startup Mission (KSUM):
  • The nodal agency of the Kerala Government for entrepreneurship development and incubation activities in the state. It promotes innovation and supports startups through infrastructure, grants, seed funding, and global market access.
• Proof of Concept (PoC):
  • A pilot project conducted by startups to demonstrate the feasibility and practical application of a product or solution before full-scale implementation.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

4. Which company is setting up a ₹1,000 crore integrated manufacturing facility in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh?
A) Dixon Technologies
B) Voltas
C) PG Electroplast
D) LG Electronics
E) Blue Star
Answer: C) PG Electroplast

Event and Location:

• Event: PG Electroplast announces ₹1,000 crore investment for new manufacturing facility
• Location: Sri City, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • PG Electroplast Ltd, through its subsidiary PG Technoplast Pvt Ltd, is setting up an integrated manufacturing campus on a 50-acre plot in Sri City, with a total investment of ₹1,000 crore over five years.
• Objectives:
  • To manufacture refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, and other appliances; generate 500+ direct jobs in phase one; and boost component manufacturing, logistics, and ancillary services in the region.

Important Terms Explained:

• PG Electroplast Ltd:
  • A leading electronics manufacturing services (EMS) provider in India, focused on consumer electronics, white goods, and plastic components, with capabilities across design, tooling, injection molding, assembly, and finished goods.
• Sri City:
  • An integrated business city and SEZ in Andhra Pradesh, strategically located near Chennai, known for attracting domestic and foreign manufacturing investments due to its infrastructure, logistics, and investor-friendly policies.
• PG Technoplast Pvt Ltd:
  • A wholly owned subsidiary of PG Electroplast, used as the execution vehicle for the new manufacturing facility in Sri City.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Tata Consumer Products Ltd (TCPL) recently signed an MoU with the government to invest how much in the food processing industry over the next five years?
A) ₹500 crore
B) ₹1,000 crore
C) ₹1,500 crore
D) ₹2,000 crore
E) ₹2,500 crore
Answer: D) ₹2,000 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Tata Consumer Products Ltd announces ₹2,000 crore investment in food processing
• Location: New Delhi (MoU signed during World Food India 2025)
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Tata Consumer Products Ltd (TCPL) has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Government of India to invest ₹2,000 crore in the food processing sector over the next five years.
• Objectives:
  • The investment aims to enhance TCPL’s footprint in the food processing industry, align with national objectives of agri-business growth, and support Make in India initiatives. Final implementation is subject to financial evaluations and statutory approvals.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tata Consumer Products Ltd (TCPL):
  • An FMCG company under the Tata Group, focused on beverages and foods. Its portfolio includes brands like Tata Tea, Tata Salt, Tetley, and Tata Sampann.
• World Food India:
  • A flagship global event organised by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI) to promote investments and innovation in India’s food economy.
• MoU (Memorandum of Understanding):
  • A formal, non-binding agreement between two or more parties outlining the terms and intentions of a potential future contract or partnership.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

6. Who was re-elected as the President of the Southern India Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SICCI) in September 2025?
A) VN Shiva Shankar
B) AMPA Palaniappan
C) Arun Alagappan
D) Ramesh Subramanian
E) Ajay Seth
Answer: C) Arun Alagappan

Event and Location:

• Event: Re-election of Arun Alagappan as SICCI President
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu (Southern India)
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Arun Alagappan was re-elected as President of the Southern India Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SICCI) during its 115th Annual General Meeting. Alongside him, VN Shiva Shankar was re-elected as Senior Vice President, and AMPA Palaniappan as Vice President.
• Objectives:
  • To continue SICCI’s role in policy advocacy, international collaborations, MSME empowerment, and sustainability efforts under consistent leadership and strategic guidance.

Important Terms Explained:

• SICCI (Southern India Chamber of Commerce and Industry):
  • A regional chamber of commerce established in 1908, SICCI acts as an interface between industry, government, and society, focusing on trade development, policy advocacy, and business support.
• Coromandel International Ltd:
  • An Indian agrochemical company under the Murugappa Group, where Arun Alagappan serves as Executive Chairman, known for producing fertilizers, crop protection products, and specialty nutrients.
• MSME Empowerment:
  • Refers to initiatives that promote the growth, competitiveness, and sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, including access to finance, technology, markets, and policy support.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Who has been re-appointed as the Attorney General of India for a two-year term starting October 1, 2025?
A) K K Venugopal
B) Tushar Mehta
C) R Venkataramani
D) Harish Salve
E) Mukul Rohatgi
Answer: C) R Venkataramani

Event and Location:

• Event: Re-appointment of R Venkataramani as Attorney General of India
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • R Venkataramani, Senior Advocate, has been re-appointed as the Attorney General (AG) of India for a two-year term starting October 1, 2025, following the completion of his current three-year term on September 30, 2025.
• Objectives:
  • To continue providing legal representation, constitutional advice, and litigation support to the Union Government on complex legal issues, while representing the Centre in major cases before the Supreme Court and High Courts.

Important Terms Explained:

• Attorney General of India (AG):
  • The top law officer of the country, appointed under Article 76 of the Constitution, who advises the Government of India on legal matters and represents it in the Supreme Court and other courts.
• Constitutional Office:
  • The AG is appointed by the President of India on the advice of the Union Government and holds office at the President’s pleasure.
• Law Commission of India:
  • An advisory body under the Ministry of Law and Justice. Venkataramani was a member of the Law Commission in 2010, contributing to legal reform discussions and recommendations.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

8. Who was awarded Changemaker of the Year 2025 at the Businessline Changemaker Awards?
A) Azim Premji Foundation
B) Bhashini
C) DRDO
D) eVidyaloka
E) Araku Valley Coffee
Answer: C) DRDO

Event and Location:

• Event: Businessline Changemaker Awards 2025
• Location: India (National coverage)
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Businessline Changemaker Awards 2025 recognized individuals and organizations for transformative contributions across technology, finance, education, language digitization, social impact, and youth innovation.
• Objectives:
  • To honour those who have significantly redefined norms, inspired progress, and driven meaningful transformation to shape a better future for India across sectors like defence, education, digital language access, social welfare, and financial inclusion.

Businessline Changemaker Awards 2025 – Awardees List:

Important Terms Explained:

• DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation):
  • Awarded Changemaker of the Year 2025, DRDO is India’s premier defence R&D organization under the Ministry of Defence, responsible for developing cutting-edge military technologies and enhancing national security.
• Bhashini – National Language Translation Mission:
  • Winner of the Digital Transformation award, Bhashini aims to enable digital inclusion by offering language translation services using AI, making government services accessible in all Indian languages.
• Impulse NGO Network:
  • Honoured for Social Transformation, this organization focuses on combating human trafficking, women’s rights, and grassroots development, especially in Northeast India.
• Azim Premji Foundation:
  • Recognized as Iconic Changemaker 2025, this philanthropic initiative supports school education reform, teacher training, and research, particularly in under-resourced regions.
• eVidyaloka:
  • Recipient of the Chairperson’s Award, eVidyaloka is an ed-tech NGO providing online education to rural children by crowdsourcing volunteer teachers across India.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which district won the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Award for outstanding performance under the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain campaign?
A) Kalaburagi
B) Mysuru
C) Bidar
D) Tumakuru
E) Mandya
Answer: C) Bidar

Event and Location:

• Event: Bidar wins Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Award under Jal Shakti Abhiyan
• Location: Bidar, Karnataka
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Central Government awarded Bidar district with the Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Award for its excellence in water conservation and community participation under the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain campaign.
• Objectives:
  • To recognise and promote community-led water conservation, encourage sustainable water management practices, and motivate other districts to adopt groundwater recharge and rainwater harvesting initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari Award:
  • A national-level award conferred to districts for excellence in water conservation, community engagement, and rainwater harvesting under the Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain initiative.
• Jal Shakti Abhiyan: Catch the Rain:
  • A campaign led by the Department of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation to promote rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, and community participation in water management.
• MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act):
  • A social security scheme aimed at providing employment through rural asset creation, such as desilting ponds, trenches, and other water conservation structures.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

10. Which satellite jointly developed by NASA and ISRO recently sent its first radar images of Earth’s surface?
A) Cartosat-3
B) RISAT-2BR1
C) NISAR
D) Oceansat-3
E) GSAT-30
Answer: C) NISAR

Event and Location:

• Event: NISAR satellite sends first radar images of Earth’s surface
• Location: Data captured over the US (Maine, North Dakota); Mission operated jointly from India and the US
• Date: 25 September 2025 (Images released)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, launched on 30 July 2025, has sent its first radar images of Earth ahead of its 90-day schedule. The satellite uses L-band SAR imaging to study Earth’s surface.
• Objectives:
  • To deliver high-resolution radar imagery for monitoring climate change, earthquakes, glacier movement, deforestation, and agricultural activity, with full science operations scheduled to begin from November 2025.

Important Terms Explained:

• NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar):
  • A joint Earth observation mission between NASA and ISRO equipped with L-band and S-band Synthetic Aperture Radars to study Earth’s dynamic surface. It is the first satellite mission fully devoted to radar imaging for climate and environmental monitoring.
• L-band SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar):
  • A radar system operating in the 1–2 GHz frequency range, capable of penetrating vegetation, soil, and snow to provide detailed structural information. Useful for forest mapping, agriculture, and hydrology.
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR):
  • An advanced imaging technology that uses radar to create high-resolution 2D and 3D images of landscapes, regardless of cloud cover or time of day.
• NASA-JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory):
  • A NASA research centre managing the US portion of the NISAR mission. JPL will receive 35 TB of data from the satellite.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

11. Which two countries recently explored signing an MoU to boost agricultural trade and technology collaboration?
A) India and China
B) India and USA
C) India and Brazil
D) India and Russia
E) India and Germany
Answer: D) India and Russia

Event and Location:

• Event: India and Russia explore MoU to enhance agricultural trade and collaboration
• Location: Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan met Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Patrushev to discuss expanding bilateral cooperation in agriculture and formalising it through a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).
• Objectives:
  • To increase agricultural trade, promote technology-driven innovation, enhance farmer welfare, ensure food security, and deepen collaboration through academic exchange, market access, and technical partnerships.

Important Terms Explained:

• MoU (Memorandum of Understanding):
  • A formal agreement indicating willingness between two parties to cooperate. In this case, India and Russia are exploring an MoU for agricultural trade and technology collaboration.
• Seed Traceability System:
  • A system to track the origin and journey of seeds from production to planting, ensuring quality control, authenticity, and agricultural innovation.
• Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam:
  • A Sanskrit phrase meaning “the world is one family,” often used in India’s foreign policy to promote global collaboration and inclusive development.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

12. Which state has reintroduced the Bhavantar Yojana for soybean farmers in 2025?
A) Rajasthan
B) Gujarat
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Maharashtra
E) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: E) Madhya Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of Bhavantar Yojana for soybean in 2025
• Location: Madhya Pradesh, India
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Madhya Pradesh CM Mohan Yadav announced the Bhavantar Yojana for soybean farmers, ensuring payment of the differential amount between Minimum Support Price (MSP) and market price.
• Objectives:
  • To provide price support to farmers in the event of a market crash, protect their incomes, reduce distress sales, and promote price stability in the agricultural sector, particularly for soybean cultivators.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bhavantar Yojana (Bhavantar Bhugtan Scheme):
  • A price deficiency payment scheme, under which farmers are compensated by the government for selling their produce below MSP. The difference is calculated between the modal price (average market price) and MSP, not the individual sale price.
• Minimum Support Price (MSP):
  • A floor price announced by the government for procurement of agricultural produce, ensuring a minimum return to farmers irrespective of market fluctuations. The MSP for soybean in 2025–26 is ₹5,328/quintal.
• Modal Price:
  • A representative market price determined based on average market prices across locations during a given period. In Bhavantar, compensation is based on this price, not the actual sale price, leading to concerns of under-compensation.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which MP recently suggested restructuring PMGSY to allow usage of funds for road remodelling in developed states like Tamil Nadu?
A) Kanimozhi
B) Dayanidhi Maran
C) Su. Venkatesan
D) T.R. Baalu
E) Karti Chidambaram
Answer: C) Su. Venkatesan

Event and Location:

• Event: MP Su. Venkatesan calls for restructuring PMGSY fund usage
• Location: Madurai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Su. Venkatesan, MP from Madurai, during the District Development Coordination and Monitoring Committee (DISHA) meeting, requested the Union government to restructure PMGSY to allow states like Tamil Nadu to use allocated funds for remodelling existing roads.
• Objectives:
  • To ensure equitable and relevant utilisation of central funds in developed states where the need for new rural roads is minimal, and to allow upgradation or remodelling of the existing infrastructure under PMGSY.

Important Terms Explained:

• PMGSY (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana):
  • A central government scheme launched in 2000 to provide all-weather rural road connectivity. It primarily targets underdeveloped and remote areas to improve access to markets, healthcare, and education.
• DISHA (District Development Coordination and Monitoring Committee):
  • A committee headed by the local MP to ensure coordination and effective implementation of various central government schemes at the district level.
• Road Remodelling in Developed States:
  • Unlike underdeveloped regions, developed districts like Madurai have adequate road coverage, so the focus is shifting toward modernisation, repair, and maintenance, which current PMGSY guidelines do not fully support.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which Indian state became the first to launch the Ksheerasree portal for the dairy sector?
A) Punjab
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Gujarat
D) Karnataka
E) Kerala
Answer: E) Kerala

Event and Location:

• Event: Kerala becomes the first state to launch the Ksheerasree portal
• Location: Vellangallur, Thrissur district, Kerala
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Ksheerasree portal was launched by the Kerala State Government to streamline dairy-related services and welfare initiatives. It was announced at the Thrissur District Dairy Meet by the Animal Husbandry and Dairy Development Minister.
• Objectives:
  • To digitally empower dairy farmers, improve service delivery, attract youth participation in the dairy sector, and strengthen technological collaborations for enhanced productivity and efficiency in animal husbandry.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ksheerasree Portal:
  • A digital platform developed by the Kerala Government to consolidate services related to dairy farming, including subsidies, schemes, insurance, genetic development, and welfare initiatives.
• Dairy Welfare Fund Board:
  • A state-run board providing financial and policy support to dairy farmers in areas like healthcare, pension, and insurance, aiming to improve the socio-economic conditions of dairy workers.
• Embryo Transfer Technology (ETT):
  • A reproductive biotechnology used to improve cattle breeds by transferring embryos from genetically superior donors into surrogate mothers.

Tabular Summary:

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15. What is the name of the digital platform launched by GHMC for asset and estate management?
A) Property Tracker
B) LeasePay Portal
C) Estate Management System
D) GHMC Asset Monitor
E) RealEstate Admin Portal
Answer: C) Estate Management System

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of a digital platform for estate and asset management
• Location: Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) has launched the Estate Management System, a digital platform to manage municipal assets including markets, shopping complexes, model markets, and leased lands.
• Objectives:
  • To enable online lease and rent payments, ensure real-time monitoring, and promote transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency in estate management by GHMC.

Important Terms Explained:

• Estate Management System:
  • A digital app developed by GHMC to manage real estate and leased assets, allowing online payments, monitoring of dues, and tracking leaseholder interactions in real time.
• GHMC (Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation):
  • The civic body governing Hyderabad, responsible for municipal planning, infrastructure, and public services within the Hyderabad city limits.
• Transparency and Accountability:
  • Core governance principles achieved through digital monitoring and automated workflows, reducing human error and improving public trust.

Tabular Summary:

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16. What is the main objective of the Swachh Shehar Jodi (SSJ) initiative launched by MoHUA?
A) Urban employment generation
B) Infrastructure financing
C) City-to-city mentorship for waste management
D) Digital transformation of municipalities
E) Urban housing for all
Answer: C) City-to-city mentorship for waste management

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Swachh Shehar Jodi (SSJ) – Urban waste management mentorship initiative
• Location: National event held in Sonipat, Haryana
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has launched Swachh Shehar Jodi (SSJ) to facilitate structured mentorship partnerships between top-performing and low-performing cities in urban waste management.
• Objectives:
  • To foster peer learning, knowledge transfer, experience sharing, and replication of best practices in sanitation through city-to-city mentorship, thereby enhancing Swachhata outcomes across urban India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Swachh Shehar Jodi (SSJ):
  • A mentorship framework under Swachh Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U) where mentor cities guide mentee cities to improve waste management, citizen engagement, and operational capacity.
• Swachh Survekshan (SS):
  • The world’s largest urban sanitation survey conducted annually to evaluate the cleanliness, hygiene, and sanitation standards across Indian cities.
• Super Swachh League:
  • A group of top-ranking cities in Swachh Survekshan 2022, 2023, and 2024, inducted to serve as mentors in the SSJ initiative based on consistent high performance.
• MoHUA (Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs):
  • The nodal ministry responsible for formulating and implementing urban policies, including SBM-U, Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT, and PMAY-Urban.
• Antyodaya:
  • A principle in Indian governance that promotes upliftment of the weakest sections, here applied to ensure no city is left behind in urban development.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 27 & 28

17. From which state did Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurate BSNL’s ‘Swadeshi’ 4G network in 2025?
A) Gujarat
B) Odisha
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) Maharashtra
E) Karnataka
Answer: B) Odisha

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of BSNL’s Swadeshi 4G network by PM Modi
• Location: Jharsuguda, Odisha (National Impact)
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated BSNL’s indigenously developed 4G stack, commissioned over 97,500 4G towers, and launched the 100% 4G saturation network initiative through Digital Bharat Nidhi.
• Objectives:
  • To promote self-reliant telecom infrastructure, enhance connectivity in rural and remote regions, empower over 20 lakh new users, and prepare the telecom ecosystem for a smooth 5G upgrade, while contributing to sustainable, green infrastructure.

Important Terms Explained:

• Swadeshi 4G Stack:
  • An indigenous, cloud-based telecom network infrastructure developed by Indian companies for BSNL, capable of seamless transition to 5G and symbolic of India’s self-reliance in telecom manufacturing.
• BSNL (Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited):
  • A government-owned telecom service provider under the Ministry of Communications, providing mobile, broadband, and landline services across India.
• Digital Bharat Nidhi:
  • A mission-mode initiative to achieve 100% 4G saturation in rural and remote areas, connecting 29,000–30,000 unserved villages with mobile network access.
• Green Telecom Sites:
  • Solar-powered mobile towers that reduce carbon footprint, improve energy efficiency, and ensure sustainable rural connectivity. The 4G rollout includes India’s largest cluster of green telecom sites.

Tabular Summary:

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18. From which city did PM Modi launch ₹60,000 crore worth of development projects and flag off the Amrit Bharat Express in September 2025?
A) Bhubaneswar
B) Sambalpur
C) Berhampur
D) Jharsuguda
E) Koraput
Answer: D) Jharsuguda

Event and Location:

• Event: PM Modi unveils ₹60,000 crore worth of development projects and flags off Amrit Bharat Express
• Location: Jharsuguda, Odisha
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated and laid foundation stones for multiple infrastructure projects in telecom, railways, and higher education, including the Amrit Bharat Express, BSNL 4G towers, and IIT expansions.
• Objectives:
  • To accelerate nationwide development, enhance rail and telecom connectivity, expand education capacity, and strengthen infrastructure in Odisha and other parts of India as part of the government’s growth and connectivity agenda.

Important Terms Explained:

• Amrit Bharat Express:
  • A semi-high-speed long-distance train service launched by Indian Railways aimed at improving passenger connectivity and comfort across India. The Berhampur–Udhna route connects Odisha with Gujarat.
• IIT Expansion:
  • PM Modi laid foundation stones for expansion projects across eight IITs, adding capacity for 10,000 new students over the next four years, bolstering India’s higher education and R&D capabilities.
• Koraput–Baiguda & Manabar–Koraput–Gorapur Rail Lines:
  • Rail infrastructure projects worth ₹1,400 crore, aimed at doubling and modernizing critical rail sections in Odisha to improve freight and passenger movement.
• Swadeshi 4G Towers (BSNL):
  • Over 97,500 mobile towers using indigenous telecom technology were commissioned to enhance rural connectivity, as part of Digital India and telecom self-reliance efforts.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which state has launched a month-long awareness campaign on GST 2.0 reforms as per the Chief Secretary’s directive?
A) Maharashtra
B) Gujarat
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Tamil Nadu
E) Karnataka
Answer: C) Andhra Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of state-wide GST 2.0 awareness drive
• Location: Andhra Pradesh (State-wide, including districts, mandals, and villages)
• Date: 26 September 2025 (Start of campaign announced)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Andhra Pradesh Chief Secretary K Vijayanand directed district collectors to organise a month-long campaign to raise public awareness on the benefits of GST 2.0, involving over 65,000 events until October 19, 2025.
• Objectives:
  • To educate citizens on GST 2.0 reforms, highlight household savings of 10–15%, and clarify the impact of reduced tax slabs, despite a revenue loss of ₹8,000 crore for the government.

Important Terms Explained:

• GST 2.0:
  • A reformed version of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime introduced by the Central Government, effective September 22, 2025. It streamlined five tax slabs into two, aiming to simplify compliance and reduce the tax burden on end consumers.
• GST Champions:
  • Officials designated at district, mandal, and village levels to oversee and coordinate the awareness campaign for GST 2.0 reforms. They are responsible for monitoring events, public engagement, and feedback collection.
• Yogandhra Programme:
  • A successful state-wide awareness campaign on yoga held in June 2025 across Andhra Pradesh. It is being used as a model for the GST reforms awareness campaign.

Tabular Summary:

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20. What is the name of the newly launched double-deck cruise on Hyderabad’s Hussain Sagar lake?
A) Bhagmati
B) Muchukunda
C) Ganga Vihar
D) Jaladhara
E) Telangana Queen
Answer: B) Muchukunda

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of 120-seater double-deck cruise on Hussain Sagar lake
• Location: Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Telangana government launched a 120-seater double-deck cruise, named Muchukunda, on Hussain Sagar lake, during the Telangana Tourism Conclave 2025 held on World Tourism Day.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance leisure tourism in Hyderabad by providing a panoramic lake cruising experience, attract both domestic and international tourists, and strengthen the city’s identity as a key urban tourism destination.

Important Terms Explained:

• Muchukunda:
  • The name of the cruise vessel, inspired by a mythological king in Hindu legends known for his long slumber and association with divine blessings. Symbolically used to evoke cultural depth and storytelling.
• Hussain Sagar Lake:
  • A historic artificial lake in the heart of Hyderabad, built in 1562 by Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah. It separates Hyderabad and Secunderabad and is a major landmark for water-based recreation and tourism.
• Telangana Tourism Conclave:
  • An annual tourism event hosted by the Telangana government to showcase tourism projects, discuss policies, and announce new initiatives aligned with World Tourism Day celebrations.

Tabular Summary:

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21. Which district is the focus of the comprehensive development plan announced by Maharashtra Deputy CM Eknath Shinde in 2025?
A) Nashik
B) Nagpur
C) Thane
D) Pune
E) Aurangabad
Answer: C) Thane

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of comprehensive development plan for Thane district
• Location: Thane, Maharashtra
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Deputy Chief Minister and Guardian Minister Eknath Shinde announced a holistic development plan for Thane district, covering infrastructure, traffic management, tourism, healthcare, education, and flood mitigation.
• Objectives:
  • To ease traffic congestion, promote smart infrastructure, develop tourist destinations, strengthen flood relief, boost skill development, implement renewable energy projects, and create employment opportunities across Thane.

Important Terms Explained:

• MMRDA (Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority):
  • The apex planning and development body for the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), tasked here with forming an expert panel to devise traffic solutions using drone and AI-based systems.
• Smart Health Centres & Smart Schools:
  • Modernisation of public health and education infrastructure using digital technologies, CSR funding, and community participation to improve service delivery and access.
• Explore Thane App:
  • A planned mobile application aimed at promoting 39 tourist spots in the district to boost local tourism and digital engagement.
• CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility):
  • A statutory obligation for companies to spend a portion of profits on public development, used here to fund education and health initiatives in the district.

Tabular Summary:

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22. Which stadium was upgraded as part of the ₹41.83 crore civic projects inaugurated by Tamil Nadu CM M.K. Stalin?
A) Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium
B) Pavendhar Bharathidasan Stadium
C) Mayor Radhakrishnan Stadium
D) M.A. Chidambaram Stadium
E) Velachery Indoor Stadium
Answer: B) Pavendhar Bharathidasan Stadium

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of ₹41.83 crore civic projects in Chennai
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 27 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Chief Minister M.K. Stalin, along with Deputy CM Udhayanidhi Stalin, inaugurated seven civic projects implemented by the Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA), costing ₹41.83 crore.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance urban infrastructure, promote sports and recreational activities, and improve civic amenities by upgrading public spaces and sports facilities in Chennai.

Important Terms Explained:

• CMDA (Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority):
  • The statutory planning authority responsible for urban development in the Chennai Metropolitan Area. CMDA oversees infrastructure planning, land use, and civic project execution.
• Pavendhar Bharathidasan Stadium:
  • A public sports facility located in Shenoy Nagar, Chennai, named after Tamil poet Bharathidasan. It was upgraded with modern sports infrastructure under the new civic initiatives.
• Civic Amenities Projects:
  • Initiatives aimed at improving parks, public spaces, and sports facilities, such as in Koyambedu and Ramapuram, for better quality of urban life and community engagement.

Tabular Summary:

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23. How much total financial assistance was approved by the Andhra Pradesh Bar Council for advocates’ welfare in September 2025?
A) ₹2.86 crore
B) ₹3.69 crore
C) ₹74.20 lakh
D) ₹5.00 crore
E) ₹1.50 crore
Answer: B) ₹3.69 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Pradesh Bar Council approves ₹3.69 crore for advocates’ welfare
• Location: Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Andhra Pradesh Bar Council Welfare Fund Committee approved ₹3.69 crore in total welfare assistance, covering death benefits, medical assistance, and retirement benefits.
• Objectives:
  • To provide financial relief to the families of deceased advocates, assist advocates in medical emergencies, and support retired advocates, thereby ensuring social security and professional dignity within the legal fraternity.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bar Council Welfare Fund:
  • A statutory fund maintained by Bar Councils to offer financial aid to advocates and their families in cases such as death, illness, or retirement.
• Death Benefit:
  • A lump sum financial assistance provided to the family members of deceased advocates. In this case, ₹2.86 crore was distributed among 52 families.
• Medical Assistance:
  • Support granted to advocates facing serious medical issues; ₹74.20 lakh was approved for 85 advocates.

Tabular Summary:

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24. Where was India’s first Integrative Oncology Research and Care Centre (IORCC) inaugurated on the occasion of the 10th National Ayurveda Day?
A) AIIA Delhi
B) AIIMS Bhopal
C) AIIA Goa
D) NIMHANS Bengaluru
E) PGI Chandigarh
Answer: C) AIIA Goa

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of India’s first Integrative Oncology Research and Care Centre (IORCC)
• Location: All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), Dhargal, Goa
• Date: 27 September 2025 (10th National Ayurveda Day)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Ministry of Ayush inaugurated the Integrative Oncology Research and Care Centre (IORCC) at AIIA Goa, making it India’s first dedicated centre combining Ayurveda, Yoga, Panchakarma, Diet Therapy, and modern oncology under one roof.
• Objectives:
  • To offer holistic, patient-centric cancer rehabilitation, improve recovery outcomes, reduce side effects of conventional treatment, and promote evidence-based integrative medicine through research, training, and clinical services.

Important Terms Explained:

• Integrative Oncology Research and Care Centre (IORCC):
  • A first-of-its-kind multidisciplinary institute combining traditional systems (Ayurveda, Yoga, Panchakarma) with modern oncology treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation to support cancer rehabilitation.
• AIIA (All India Institute of Ayurveda):
  • A premier national institute under the Ministry of Ayush that promotes education, research, and practice of Ayurveda and allied systems. The Goa campus hosts the IORCC.
• ACTREC – Tata Memorial Centre:
  • Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, a part of the Tata Memorial Centre, renowned for cancer research and treatment in India. It has partnered with AIIA Goa for the IORCC.
• National Ayurveda Day:
  • Celebrated annually by the Ministry of Ayush to promote Ayurveda as a system of wellness and public health. The 10th edition was observed on 27 September 2025.

Tabular Summary:

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25. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will release a postal stamp and coin in 2025 to commemorate the centenary of which organisation?
A) Indian National Congress
B) Swadeshi Jagran Manch
C) Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh
D) Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh
E) Vishwa Hindu Parishad
Answer: C) Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of postage stamp and coin to mark RSS’s centenary year
• Location: New Delhi
• Date: October 1, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi will officially release a commemorative postal stamp and coin to honour the 100-year journey of the Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS).
• Objectives:
  • To celebrate the centenary of RSS, acknowledge its contributions to nation-building, and highlight its role in India’s cultural and civil society transformation through a national symbolic gesture.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh (RSS):
  • A Hindu nationalist organisation founded in 1925 in Nagpur. It serves as the ideological parent of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and promotes social service, discipline, and cultural nationalism.
• Vijayadashami:
  • Also known as Dussehra, a major Hindu festival symbolising the victory of good over evil. RSS was founded on Vijayadashami in 1925, and it marks its foundation day every year on this occasion.
• Commemorative Stamp and Coin:
  • Special issues by India Post and the Ministry of Finance to mark important historical or national milestones. These are symbolic tools to celebrate institutions, personalities, and events of national importance.
• Mann Ki Baat:
  • A monthly radio programme by PM Narendra Modi used to communicate directly with citizens, where he often highlights significant socio-cultural events and initiatives.

Tabular Summary:

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