Daily Current Affairs September 23

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September 23 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 23

1. What is the theme of the International Day of Sign Languages 2025?
A) Inclusion through Sign Language
B) Communication Without Barriers
C) Sign Language Empowers All
D) Sign Language Unites Us
E) Language for Everyone
Answer: D) Sign Language Unites Us

Event and Location:

• Event: International Day of Sign Languages observed globally
• Location: Worldwide (UN Member States)
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • To observe the International Day of Sign Languages annually on September 23 and promote awareness about sign languages and deaf culture.
• Objectives:
  • To emphasize the importance of inclusive communication, raise awareness of linguistic diversity, and advocate for the rights of the deaf and hard of hearing.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sign Languages:
  • Visual-manual languages used by the deaf and hard of hearing, featuring unique grammar and structure separate from spoken languages.
• International Day of Sign Languages (IDSL):
  • A United Nations–recognized observance that highlights the significance of sign languages in ensuring accessibility and inclusion.
• World Federation of the Deaf (WFD):
  • A global organization established in 1951 that advocates for the rights of deaf people and leads the International Week of the Deaf.

Tabular Summary:

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2. What was the theme of the 10th National Ayurveda Day celebrated by the Ministry of Ayush in 2025?
A) Ayurveda for Global Health
B) Ayurveda for Lifestyle Disorders
C) Ayurveda for People and Planet
D) Ayurveda and Wellness Tourism
E) Ayurveda for Sustainable Living
Answer: C) Ayurveda for People and Planet

Event and Location:

• Event: Celebration of the 10th National Ayurveda Day
• Location: All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), Goa
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Celebration of the 10th National Ayurveda Day with the theme “Ayurveda for People and Planet”, including inauguration of initiatives, MoUs, and conferring of National Dhanwantari Ayurveda Awards 2025.
• Objectives: To promote Ayurveda as a holistic, sustainable healthcare system aligned with modern needs, foster global outreach, enhance integrative medical research, and support innovation and accessibility in Ayurvedic healthcare.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Ayurveda Day: An annual event celebrated to promote and preserve the principles of Ayurveda, now permanently observed on 23rd September, aligning with the autumnal equinox, symbolizing nature’s balance.
• Ayurveda for People and Planet: The 2025 theme emphasizing Ayurveda’s role in addressing both individual health and global sustainability challenges, in alignment with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Integrative Oncology Unit: A collaborative healthcare initiative between AIIA Goa and Tata Memorial Centre to integrate Ayurvedic therapies with modern oncology for holistic cancer treatment.
• Desh ka Swasthya Parikshan Abhiyan: A large-scale Ayurvedic health assessment campaign involving over 1.29 crore participants and setting five Guinness World Records, aimed at data-driven, preventive healthcare.
• DRAVYA Portal: A newly launched digital platform for Ayurvedic substances to enhance transparency, accessibility, and research into Ayurvedic pharmacology.

Tabular Summary:

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3. What was recently celebrated regarding the Ayushman Bharat scheme in India?
A) Launch of Ayushman Bharat 2.0
B) Completion of 5 years
C) Achievement of 100 crore beneficiaries
D) Completion of 7 years
E) Integration with Digital Health Mission
Answer: D) Completion of 7 years

Event and Location:

• Event: Seventh anniversary of Ayushman Bharat scheme
• Location: India
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Prime Minister marked and acknowledged the completion of 7 years of Ayushman Bharat, highlighting its nationwide implementation and success in healthcare delivery.
• Objectives: To ensure access to quality and affordable healthcare for all citizens, particularly the economically vulnerable, while promoting financial protection, dignity, and a scalable model through technology and compassion.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ayushman Bharat: A flagship healthcare initiative launched in 2018 aiming to cover over 10 crore poor and vulnerable families with health coverage of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year.
• PM-JAY (Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana): The secondary and tertiary care component of Ayushman Bharat, offering cashless hospitalization services at public and private hospitals.
• Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs): The primary care component of Ayushman Bharat, established to provide comprehensive primary healthcare services including preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs September 23

4. Who won the inaugural World Tennis Esports Championship held in Las Vegas in 2025?
A) Yuki Bhambri
B) Sumit Nagal
C) Vimalraj Jayachandran
D) Rohan Bopanna
E) Ramkumar Ramanathan
Answer: C) Vimalraj Jayachandran

Event and Location:

• Event: World Tennis Esports Championships (WTEC) 2025
• Location: Las Vegas, United States
• Date: September 2025 (Announced on 23 September 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The International Virtual Tennis Federation hosted the first-ever WTEC to promote competitive virtual tennis on a global scale.
• Objectives: To encourage global esports participation in tennis, celebrate virtual sports excellence, and give recognition to emerging players from different countries.

Important Terms Explained:

• Esports: Organized, competitive video gaming typically played at the professional level, where players or teams compete in popular games for recognition and prize money.
• World Tennis Esports Championship (WTEC): A first-of-its-kind global esports event focusing on virtual tennis, organized by the International Virtual Tennis Federation, bringing together top esports athletes worldwide.
• International Virtual Tennis Federation (IVTF): The global governing body for professional virtual tennis competitions, aiming to legitimize and promote esports as part of the broader sporting world.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs September 23

5. What is the name of the savings-focused campaign launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi with the rollout of next-generation GST reforms?
A) GST Mahotsav
B) GST Swadeshi Yatra
C) GST Bachat Utsav
D) One Nation One Tax Week
E) GST Sankalp Divas
Answer: C) GST Bachat Utsav

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Next Generation GST Reforms and announcement of GST Bachat Utsav
• Location: Nationwide (announced via open letter and social media)
• Date: 22 September 2025 (announced publicly on 23 September)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Rollout of simplified GST structure with only two main slabs (5% and 18%) and launch of GST Bachat Utsav, a nationwide campaign promoting savings and swadeshi consumption.
• Objectives: To reduce household and business costs, promote savings, support Viksit Bharat 2047 and Aatmanirbhar Bharat, simplify compliance for MSMEs and traders, and boost demand for Made in India products.

Important Terms Explained:

• GST Bachat Utsav: A nationwide awareness and savings campaign launched alongside GST reforms to promote reduced tax rates and encourage consumers to buy more Swadeshi (Made in India) goods during the festive season.
• Next Generation GST Reforms: A major policy upgrade in India’s GST system, reducing complexity by limiting tax slabs to 5% and 18%, shifting goods from higher to lower tax categories to ensure more savings and simplified compliance.
• One Nation, One Tax: The founding principle of GST introduced in 2017, unifying India’s indirect tax structure to eliminate cascading taxes and bring uniformity across states.
• Viksit Bharat 2047: India’s vision to become a fully developed and self-reliant nation by the 100th year of independence.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A national mission for self-reliance aimed at increasing domestic production, reducing import dependency, and boosting indigenous innovation.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 23

6. According to EPFO data, which age group contributed the highest share of new subscribers in July 2025?
A) 26–35 years
B) 36–45 years
C) 18–25 years
D) Below 18 years
E) Above 45 years
Answer: C) 18–25 years

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of EPFO payroll data for July 2025
• Location: Nationwide (Reported from New Delhi)
• Date: 23 September 2025 (Data for July 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) released payroll data showing net member additions, new subscriptions, and rejoining trends for July 2025.
• Objectives: To monitor employment trends, assess the participation of new job seekers and women in the organised sector, and evaluate the growth in social security coverage under the EPFO.

Important Terms Explained:

• EPFO (Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation): A statutory body under the Ministry of Labour & Employment, responsible for administering compulsory provident fund schemes for salaried employees in India.
• Net Payroll Addition: Refers to the net increase in EPFO membership during a specific period, calculated by adding new members and rejoining members, and subtracting those who exited.
• Provident Fund (PF): A government-managed retirement savings scheme where both employee and employer contribute a portion of the salary monthly to build a corpus for future use.

Tabular Summary:

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7. What is S&P Global’s retained GDP growth forecast for India for FY2025–26?
A) 7.2%
B) 6.0%
C) 5.8%
D) 6.5%
E) 6.9%
Answer: D) 6.5%

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of India’s GDP and inflation forecast by S&P Global
• Location: Chennai / Nationwide (India)
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: S&P Global retained India’s GDP forecast at 6.5% for FY26 and revised inflation projection downward to 3.2%.
• Objectives: To provide macroeconomic outlook based on current domestic and global indicators including demand, investment climate, inflation trends, and monetary policy expectations.

Important Terms Explained:

• S&P Global: A leading US-based credit rating and financial analytics agency that provides economic forecasts and sovereign ratings for countries, including India.
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): The total market value of all goods and services produced within a country during a specific period; used to measure the economic performance.
• Inflation Rate: The rate at which general price levels for goods and services rise, leading to a decrease in purchasing power.
• Basis Point: A unit of measure used in finance; 1 basis point = 0.01%. A 25 basis-point cut implies a 0.25% reduction in interest rates.
• RBI (Reserve Bank of India): India’s central bank, responsible for controlling monetary policy, including setting benchmark interest rates to manage inflation and liquidity.

Tabular Summary:

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8. Nvidia recently announced an investment of how much in OpenAI to support AI chip deployment and development?
A) $10 billion
B) $25 billion
C) $50 billion
D) $75 billion
E) $100 billion
Answer: E) $100 billion

Event and Location:

• Event: Nvidia announces $100 billion investment in OpenAI for AI chip deployment
• Location: Global (Nvidia HQ: USA; OpenAI HQ: USA)
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Nvidia will invest $100 billion in OpenAI via a mix of non-controlling equity and AI chip supply agreements, including deploying at least 10 gigawatts of systems.
• Objectives: To strengthen global AI infrastructure, accelerate OpenAI’s development capacity, and solidify Nvidia’s dominance in AI hardware markets.

Important Terms Explained:

• Nvidia: A US-based semiconductor company best known for its GPUs (graphics processing units), which power AI models and data centers globally.
• OpenAI: An AI research and deployment company behind ChatGPT, known for developing powerful large language models (LLMs).
• Gigawatt Systems: In computing, this refers to data center infrastructure capable of consuming gigawatts of power, highlighting the massive scale of AI model training requirements.
• Letter of Intent (LOI): A non-binding agreement outlining the preliminary terms of a partnership, to be finalized in future formal contracts.
• Non-controlling Stake: Investment that does not give the investor voting control over management decisions, ensuring OpenAI’s operational independence.

Tabular Summary:

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9. What is the capacity of the hybrid renewable energy project by Hero Future Energies in Andhra Pradesh funded by SBI?
A) 100 MW
B) 75 MW
C) 60 MW
D) 50 MW
E) 120 MW
Answer: C) 60 MW

Event and Location:

• Event: Hero Future Energies secures ₹1,024 crore from SBI for hybrid renewable project
• Location: Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Hero Future Energies (HFE) has raised ₹1,024 crore in funding from State Bank of India (SBI) through its SPV Clean Solar Power Barmer for the construction of a 60 MW hybrid project involving solar, wind, and storage technologies.
• Objectives:
  • To develop and commission a hybrid peak power project contracted with SECI, aiding India’s renewable energy goals and providing reliable green energy during peak demand periods.

Important Terms Explained:

• Hybrid Renewable Project:
  • A power project combining two or more renewable sources—such as solar, wind, and storage—to enhance grid stability and ensure round-the-clock power supply.
• SECI (Solar Energy Corporation of India):
  • A central public sector undertaking under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, responsible for implementing renewable energy schemes and contracts.
• SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle):
  • A subsidiary company formed for a specific project; in this case, Clean Solar Power Barmer was used to route the funding and manage the Kurnool hybrid project.

Tabular Summary:

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10. What was PhonePe’s revenue from operations in FY25?
A) ₹5,064 crore
B) ₹7,115 crore
C) ₹6,450 crore
D) ₹1,727.4 crore
E) ₹9,394 crore
Answer: B) ₹7,115 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: PhonePe narrows FY25 losses and reports 40.5% revenue growth
• Location: India (nationwide)
• Date: 22 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • PhonePe released its FY25 financial data, revealing reduced consolidated losses, increased revenue, and improved profitability. The company also became free cash flow positive.
• Objectives:
  • To showcase financial improvement and stability in the lead-up to PhonePe’s planned IPO filing by highlighting operational efficiency, revenue growth, and profitability metrics.

Important Terms Explained:

• Free Cash Flow Positive:
  • A situation where a company generates more cash from its operating activities than it spends, indicating financial health and capacity for investment or debt repayment.
• Adjusted Profit After Tax (PAT):
  • A company’s net income after tax, adjusted for extraordinary items or accounting changes to reflect core profitability.
• DRHP (Draft Red Herring Prospectus):
  • A preliminary registration document filed by a company with SEBI before launching an IPO, outlining financials and future plans.

Tabular Summary:

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Books and Authors – Daily Current Affairs September 23

11. What is the title of the debut book written by former Chief Justice DY Chandrachud?
A) Living the Constitution
B) Justice and Liberty
C) Why the Constitution Matters
D) Courts and the Nation
E) Law and the Republic
Answer: C) Why the Constitution Matters

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of Former CJI DY Chandrachud’s debut book on constitutional values
• Location: India (Published by Penguin Random House)
• Date: September 2025 (Book announced for release)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Former Chief Justice DY Chandrachud has authored his debut book titled Why the Constitution Matters, aimed at connecting judicial philosophy with public understanding.
• Objectives:
  • To explain the significance of constitutional values in shaping governance, justice, and citizen rights in India, and to encourage public engagement with the Indian Constitution as a living document.

Important Terms Explained:

• Constitution of India:
  • The supreme law of India which lays down the framework defining political principles, structures, powers, and duties of government institutions, as well as fundamental rights of citizens.
• Judicial Interpretation:
  • The process by which courts explain and apply the Constitution or laws to individual cases, influencing public policy and social justice.
• Penguin Random House:
  • A leading global book publishing company, known for publishing influential books by renowned authors, scholars, and leaders.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 23

12. Who received the prestigious Dadasaheb Phalke Award at the 71st National Film Awards held in 2025?
A) Amitabh Bachchan
B) Shah Rukh Khan
C) Mohanlal
D) Mithun Chakraborty
E) Rani Mukerji
Answer: C) Mohanlal

Event and Location:

• Event: 71st National Film Awards 2025 Ceremony
• Location: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Recognize and honour excellence in Indian cinema across multiple categories including acting, direction, regional films, and technical achievements.
• Objectives: To celebrate the contributions of artists, filmmakers, and technicians in Indian cinema, promote regional and national storytelling, and uphold the legacy of Indian film excellence.

71st National Film Awards 2025 – Winner Table:

Important Terms Explained:

• Dadasaheb Phalke Award: The highest honour in Indian cinema, awarded for lifetime contribution to the film industry. Named after the Father of Indian Cinema, Dadasaheb Phalke.
• National Film Awards: Instituted in 1954, these are among the most prestigious film awards in India, administered by the Directorate of Film Festivals, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
• Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus): The award given to most winners under various categories of the National Film Awards, often accompanied by a cash prize.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which Gram Panchayat won the Gold Award at the National e-Governance Awards 2025?
A) Suakati Gram Panchayat
B) Palsana Gram Panchayat
C) West Majlishpur Gram Panchayat
D) Rohini Gram Panchayat
E) Bhainsa Gram Panchayat
Answer: D) Rohini Gram Panchayat

Event and Location:

• Event: Gram Panchayats awarded at National e-Governance Awards 2025
• Location: Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 22 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • To recognize Gram Panchayats for exemplary use of digital tools in local governance as part of the 28th National Conference on e-Governance.
• Objectives:
  • To promote digital governance at grassroots, enhance transparency, ensure real-time service delivery, and encourage citizen-centric administration in rural India.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Awards for e-Governance (NAeG):
  • Annual awards by DARPG recognizing innovation and excellence in e-Governance initiatives across India.
• e-Office Gram Panchayat:
  • A digitally managed village office offering online services like certificates, grievance redressal, and beneficiary schemes.
• Digital Literacy:
  • The ability of individuals to use digital devices, communication tools, and access e-services — critical in bridging the digital divide.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs September 01

14. Which company has extended its partnership with ISRO to support space mission operations through automation systems?
A) Siemens
B) Larsen & Toubro
C) Schneider Electric
D) Tata Power
E) Honeywell
Answer: C) Schneider Electric

Event and Location:

• Event: Extension of Schneider Electric’s partnership with ISRO
• Location: Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC SHAR), Sriharikota
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Schneider Electric extended its collaboration with ISRO to provide advanced automation systems for launch vehicle and satellite operations at SDSC SHAR.
• Objectives: To strengthen mission-critical infrastructure, ensure operational efficiency during space launches, and support India’s growing space exploration efforts.

Important Terms Explained:

• Schneider Electric: A global leader in energy management and automation, headquartered in France. In India, it partners with critical sectors like defence, infrastructure, and now space missions through automation solutions.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation): India’s national space agency under the Department of Space, responsible for satellite launches, interplanetary missions, and national space programs.
• SDSC SHAR (Satish Dhawan Space Centre – Sriharikota High Altitude Range): The primary launch site for ISRO missions, located in Andhra Pradesh, facilitating major launches including Chandrayaan and GSLV missions.
• Chandrayaan-3: India’s successful lunar mission aimed at soft landing near the Moon’s south pole, launched in July 2023.
• GSLV-F16: A flight under the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) programme, used for launching heavy satellites into geostationary orbits.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Which Indian state launched a mass campaign in 2025 to raise awareness on Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)?
A) Maharashtra
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Kerala
D) Karnataka
E) Gujarat
Answer: C) Kerala

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of mass public health campaign on Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)
• Location: Kerala
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Kerala government initiated a mass awareness campaign across the state to address rising cases of PAM and improve early diagnosis and prevention.
• Objectives: To educate the public about preventive measures, promote better sanitation and water practices, and equip healthcare professionals with updated diagnostic protocols to identify PAM early and reduce mortality.

Important Terms Explained:

• Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM): A rare but fatal brain infection caused by Naegleria fowleri, commonly known as the “brain-eating amoeba”. Infection typically occurs when contaminated water enters the nose, allowing amoebae to reach the brain.
• Cribriform Plate: A thin, porous bone located at the roof of the nasal cavity, providing a potential path for amoebae to enter the brain.
• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Microscopy: A laboratory test involving direct microscopic examination of fluid from the brain and spinal cord; Kerala has added specific testing for amoebae in CSF as part of its new diagnostic protocol.

Tabular Summary:

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16. What is the main objective of the new MoU signed between IIT Madras and Caterpillar Inc?
A) Student exchange programs
B) Development of AI-based chatbots
C) Joint research in emerging technologies
D) Training civil engineers for smart cities
E) Setting up a new campus in the US
Answer: C) Joint research in emerging technologies

Event and Location:

• Event: MoU signed between IIT Madras and Caterpillar Inc for joint research
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 22 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • IIT Madras and Caterpillar Inc signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to formalize their partnership as a Global University Partner focused on multidisciplinary joint research.
• Objectives:
  • To undertake collaborative research in emerging technologies, promote talent development, enable product innovation, and create opportunities for student internships, R&D projects, and technical events.

Important Terms Explained:

• MoU (Memorandum of Understanding):
  • A formal agreement between two or more parties to collaborate on shared objectives without creating legally binding obligations.
• Global University Partner:
  • A designation used by global corporations to identify select academic institutions for long-term, strategic R&D and talent partnerships.
• Autonomous Mining Equipment:
  • Self-operating machines and vehicles used in the mining industry, driven by AI and automation to increase efficiency and safety.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 23

17. Which Anti-Submarine Warfare vessel is the second to be commissioned under the ASW-SWC series by the Indian Navy in October 2025?
A) INS Lakshadweep
B) INS Swaraj
C) INS Androth
D) INS Kalpeni
E) INS Minicoy
Answer: C) INS Androth

Event and Location:

• Event: Commissioning of INS Androth, second ASW-SWC ship
• Location: Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam
• Date: 06 October 2025 (Announcement on 23 September 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Formal commissioning of the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) ship INS Androth into the Indian Navy fleet.
• Objectives: To enhance India’s shallow-water anti-submarine warfare capabilities and promote indigenous shipbuilding under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Important Terms Explained:

• INS Androth: A next-generation Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) named after Androth Island in Lakshadweep, equipped with modern sensors, weapons, and waterjet propulsion for coastal defence and underwater threat neutralisation.
• ASW-SWC (Anti-Submarine Warfare – Shallow Water Craft): A class of small, agile naval ships designed for detecting and engaging submarines in shallow coastal waters.
• Aatmanirbharta (Self-Reliance): A Government of India vision promoting indigenous development in critical sectors including defence manufacturing, exemplified by more than 80% indigenous content in INS Androth.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Which Indian company inaugurated a defence manufacturing facility in Morocco for producing the Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP)?
A) Bharat Dynamics Limited
B) Larsen & Toubro
C) Tata Advanced Systems Limited
D) Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
E) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders
Answer: C) Tata Advanced Systems Limited

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of TASL’s defence manufacturing facility for WhAP 8×8
• Location: Berrechid, Morocco
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Inauguration of a 20,000 sq. metre manufacturing facility by TASL to produce the Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) for the Royal Moroccan Army.
• Objectives: To deepen India-Morocco strategic defence ties, promote local defence manufacturing in Morocco, and showcase India’s capability under Aatmanirbhar Bharat for global defence collaboration and exports.

Important Terms Explained:

• TASL (Tata Advanced Systems Limited): A leading Indian private defence and aerospace company, responsible for designing and manufacturing advanced platforms like the WhAP 8×8.
• WhAP 8×8 (Wheeled Armoured Platform): A modular, high-mobility combat vehicle jointly developed by TASL and DRDO, featuring ballistic protection, multiple configuration options, and remote weapon stations.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: India’s self-reliance initiative aimed at strengthening domestic manufacturing capabilities across sectors, including defence, with a global outlook—Make in India, Make for the World.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which shipbuilding PSU recently signed an MoU with the Tamil Nadu Government to explore the development of a Greenfield shipyard on India’s eastern coast?
A) Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers
B) Hindustan Shipyard Limited
C) Goa Shipyard Limited
D) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited
E) Cochin Shipyard Limited
Answer: D) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited

Event and Location:

• Event: MoU signing between MDL and Tamil Nadu Government to develop a greenfield shipyard
• Location: Bhavnagar, Gujarat
• Date: 19 September 2025 (Announced on 23 September 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Signing of an MoU between Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) and Guidance Tamil Nadu to explore the development of a world-class greenfield shipyard on India’s eastern coast.
• Objectives: To contribute to India’s long-term maritime infrastructure under Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047, boost shipbuilding capacity, attract investments, and strengthen the maritime industrial ecosystem on the East Coast.

Important Terms Explained:

• Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL): A premier Defence PSU under the Ministry of Defence, based in Mumbai, known for building warships and submarines for the Indian Navy and Coast Guard.
• Greenfield Shipyard: A new shipyard project initiated on undeveloped land with the objective of creating modern shipbuilding infrastructure from scratch, offering high-capacity and technologically advanced ship construction capabilities.
• Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047: A long-term strategic vision by the Government of India under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, focusing on transforming India into a global maritime leader by 2047 through sustainable port-led development.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 23

20. Which country recently held a review meeting with India to strengthen cooperation in civil nuclear energy, especially in small and advanced modular reactors?
A) United Kingdom
B) United States
C) France
D) Germany
E) Russia
Answer: C) France

Event and Location:

• Event: Review of India–France Civil Nuclear Cooperation
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: A bilateral meeting between India and France under the Special Task Force on Civil Nuclear Energy, co-chaired by Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri and French Secretary-General Anne-Marie Descotes.
• Objectives: To review civil nuclear progress over the past year, explore cooperation in small and advanced modular reactors (SMRs & AMRs), and discuss potential joint nuclear energy projects in third countries.

Important Terms Explained:

• Civil Nuclear Cooperation: Peaceful use of nuclear technology between nations for energy generation, research, and development, excluding military applications.
• Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): Compact nuclear reactors designed for smaller energy needs and flexibility; suitable for decentralised power, remote locations, and data centers.
• Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs): Next-generation nuclear reactors offering enhanced safety, efficiency, and versatility over traditional reactors.
• Declaration of Intent (DoI): A non-binding agreement signed earlier (in Feb 2025) by India and France to collaborate on emerging nuclear technologies like SMRs and AMRs.

Tabular Summary:

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21. Which two Indian ministers recently held high-level trade and diplomatic meetings in New York amid Indo-US tariff and H-1B tensions?
A) Rajnath Singh and Nirmala Sitharaman
B) S Jaishankar and Ashwini Vaishnaw
C) Piyush Goyal and S Jaishankar
D) Amit Shah and Dharmendra Pradhan
E) Nitin Gadkari and Smriti Irani
Answer: C) Piyush Goyal and S Jaishankar

Event and Location:

• Event: India–US high-level ministerial meetings on trade and tariffs
• Location: New York City, USA (on sidelines of UNGA)
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar met US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, while Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal met US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer to address trade, tariff disputes, and visa fee hikes.
• Objectives:
  • To de-escalate rising tensions over tariffs and H-1B visa fees, resume stalled trade talks, and accelerate the Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) aiming to double trade to $500 billion by 2030.

Important Terms Explained:

• H-1B Visa Fee Hike:
  • A recent Trump administration policy proposes a $100,000 one-time fee for new H-1B visa petitions, sparking concerns among Indian IT firms and skilled workers.
• Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA):
  • A proposed trade pact between India and the US intended to reduce trade barriers, boost investments, and double bilateral trade from $191 billion to $500 billion by 2030.
• Tariff Row:
  • The US imposed an additional 25% tariff on Indian imports due to India’s purchase of Russian oil, bringing total levies on some goods to 50%, straining bilateral trade relations.

Tabular Summary:

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22. At which event was India elected to the Interpol Asian Committee in 2025?
A) 75th UNGA Session
B) 21st SCO Summit
C) 25th Interpol Asian Regional Conference
D) 40th ASEAN Security Forum
E) 60th SAARC Summit
Answer: C) 25th Interpol Asian Regional Conference

Event and Location:

• Event: India elected to Interpol Asian Committee
• Location: Singapore (25th Interpol Asian Regional Conference)
• Date: September 19, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • India, represented by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), has been elected to the Interpol Asian Committee, a key advisory body under Interpol.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance India’s regional role in combatting cybercrime, terrorism, human trafficking, and drug trafficking, and to strengthen intelligence and policing collaboration in Asia-Pacific.

Important Terms Explained:

• Interpol Asian Committee:
  • A strategic advisory group under Interpol that guides law enforcement cooperation in Asia by addressing major regional security threats.
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI):
  • India’s premier investigating agency and National Central Bureau (NCB) for Interpol matters, acting as the liaison for international policing efforts.
• Transnational Crime:
  • Criminal activities that cross national boundaries, including terrorism, smuggling, cybercrime, and human/drug trafficking.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs September 23

23. What is the main objective of the Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025 launched by the Ministry of Education?
A) Promote foreign investment in Indian schools
B) Encourage innovation among school students
C) Launch a nationwide sports competition
D) Train teachers in coding
E) Establish new schools in rural areas
Answer: B) Encourage innovation among school students

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025
• Location: Nationwide (Organized by Ministry of Education)
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Nationwide innovation initiative launched by the Ministry of Education to promote creativity and problem-solving among school students.
• Objectives: To strengthen grassroots innovation culture, promote Atmanirbhar Bharat, and foster student-led solutions on themes like Vocal for Local, Swadeshi, and Samriddhi, culminating in the felicitation of 1,000+ winners by January 2026.

Important Terms Explained:

• Viksit Bharat Buildathon 2025: India’s largest school-level innovation competition launched to promote problem-solving, creativity, and self-reliance among students across the country, conducted by the Ministry of Education.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat: A national vision aimed at making India self-reliant in all key sectors through innovation, manufacturing, and reduced dependency on imports.
• Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): A flagship initiative by NITI Aayog to promote a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship across India, particularly among the youth.
• AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education): The national-level statutory body responsible for technical education planning and development in India, a key partner in the Buildathon.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 23

24. Which Swadeshi software platform did Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw adopt for documents, spreadsheets, and presentations?
A) TCS Ion
B) Koo
C) Zoho
D) Infosys Workspace
E) Bharat Office
Answer: C) Zoho

Event and Location:

• Event: Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw adopts Zoho, an Indian software platform, for office productivity tools
• Location: New Delhi (Announced via social media)
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Public announcement by Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw on switching to Zoho, a homegrown productivity software suite.
• Objectives: To promote the use of Swadeshi digital platforms aligned with Aatmanirbhar Bharat, and encourage Indian citizens and government officials to adopt indigenous technologies.

Important Terms Explained:

• Zoho: A Chennai-based Indian SaaS (Software as a Service) company offering a suite of online productivity tools like word processors, spreadsheets, presentations, CRM, and business apps. Founded by Sridhar Vembu, it is globally recognized for its privacy-focused and ad-free platforms.
• Swadeshi: A nationalist economic philosophy that promotes the use of indigenous products and services, reducing reliance on foreign goods.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A mission initiated by the Government of India to achieve economic self-reliance and build domestic capabilities across key sectors, including digital and tech platforms.

Tabular Summary:

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25. Which state government launched the ₹1,000 crore Local Economy Accelerator Programme (LEAP) to foster innovation and equitable growth?
A) Maharashtra
B) Karnataka
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Gujarat
E) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: B) Karnataka

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ₹1,000 crore Local Economy Accelerator Programme (LEAP)
• Location: Karnataka, India
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Karnataka government, through its Department of Electronics, IT, and BT, has launched the LEAP programme with an allocation of ₹1,000 crore to accelerate innovation across the state.
• Objectives:
  • The programme aims to catalyse innovation, create 5 lakh jobs, build robust startup ecosystems, and promote balanced and equitable economic growth beyond Bengaluru by nurturing Tier-2 and Tier-3 innovation hubs.

Important Terms Explained:

• LEAP (Local Economy Accelerator Programme):
  • A ₹1,000 crore government initiative to foster startup ecosystems and innovation across Karnataka with a focus on regional equity.
• Karnataka Startup Foundry:
  • A subprogramme under LEAP designed to develop an entrepreneurial mindset from the grassroots level.
• Fund of Funds:
  • A funding mechanism under LEAP aimed at establishing a self-sustaining venture capital ecosystem to support local startups.

Tabular Summary:

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26. When is the MoU for the transfer of Chennai’s MRTS network to CMRL expected to be signed?
A) October 2025
B) November 2025
C) December 2025
D) January 2026
E) March 2026
Answer: C) December 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: MoU for transfer of Chennai MRTS operations to CMRL
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: Expected signing in December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Government of Tamil Nadu and Southern Railway will sign an MoU to transfer operations, maintenance, and management of the MRTS to Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL).
• Objectives:
  • The aim is to integrate Chennai’s MRTS with the metro rail network under CMRL to ensure unified, efficient, and modernized public transport across the city.

Important Terms Explained:

• CMRL (Chennai Metro Rail Limited):
  • A state-owned company responsible for planning, implementing, and operating the Chennai Metro network.
• MRTS (Mass Rapid Transit System):
  • A suburban railway service in Chennai operated by Southern Railway, primarily elevated and covering coastal and inner areas of the city.
• CUMTA (Chennai Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority):
  • A state-level transport authority overseeing the integration and planning of urban transport in Chennai.

Tabular Summary:

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27. What is the primary purpose of the Vikasana Sadas launched by the Kerala government?
A) To distribute government subsidies
B) To review development and collect public suggestions
C) To launch a healthcare insurance scheme
D) To inaugurate new educational institutions
E) To conduct municipal elections
Answer: B) To review development and collect public suggestions

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Vikasana Sadas (Development Conclave)
• Location: Kerala (inaugurated at Nishagandhi Auditorium, Thiruvananthapuram)
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Vikasana Sadas initiative was launched to conduct development conclaves across all local bodies in Kerala over a month-long period.
• Objectives:
  • To review development achievements, gather public suggestions, and create future development projects that reflect local realities and needs.

Important Terms Explained:

• Vikasana Sadas:
  • A state-wide public participation program in Kerala aimed at shaping future development by collecting grassroots-level suggestions and feedback.
• People’s Planning:
  • A model of decentralised participatory planning in Kerala that began under the EMS Namboodiripad government, enabling local self-governance and decision-making.
• Aardram Mission:
  • An initiative by the Kerala government to revamp public health services, enhance primary healthcare infrastructure, and reduce neonatal and maternal mortality.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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