Daily Current Affairs September 16

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs September 16. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

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September 16 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 16

1. What is the theme of World Ozone Day 2025?
A) Restore the Ozone Layer
B) Protect Nature, Protect Ozone
C) From Science to Global Action
D) Ozone for Life
E) Global Unity for the Sky
Answer: C) From Science to Global Action

Event and Location:

• Event: World Ozone Day 2025 observed to promote global efforts for ozone layer protection
• Location: Global
• Date: 16 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Observance of the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer to honor the signing of the Montreal Protocol
• Objectives: To raise awareness on ozone protection, highlight the success of the Montreal Protocol, and encourage global action based on science

Important Terms Explained:

• Montreal Protocol: A landmark international treaty adopted in 1987 to phase out ozone-depleting substances (ODS)
• Vienna Convention: A 1985 framework agreement that laid the foundation for international cooperation on ozone layer protection
• Kigali Amendment: A 2016 amendment to the Montreal Protocol, aiming to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), potent greenhouse gases

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs September 16

2. Who became the first Indian to win a gold medal at the Speed Skating World Championships in 2025?
A) Krish Sharma
B) Anandkumar Velkumar
C) Vikram Rathore
D) Sandeep Singh
E) Arjun Verma
Answer: B) Anandkumar Velkumar

Event and Location:

• Event: India wins first-ever gold medals at Speed Skating World Championships
• Location: Beidaihe, China
• Date: 15 September 2025 (week of the event conclusion)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian speed skaters Anandkumar Velkumar and Krish Sharma won gold medals in their respective categories at the 2025 Speed Skating World Championships.
• Objectives: To represent India in global roller sports, showcase national talent on the world stage, and enhance India’s standing in non-mainstream sports.

Important Terms Explained:

• Speed Skating World Championships: An international roller sports competition featuring sprint and endurance skating events.
• 1000m Sprint: A high-speed racing event in inline speed skating, judged based on time and technique.
• Roller Sports: A category of athletic competitions involving wheeled skates, including inline speed skating, artistic skating, and roller hockey.

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3. Who was named ICC Men’s Player of the Month for August 2025?
A) Matt Henry
B) Jasprit Bumrah
C) Mohammed Siraj
D) Jayden Seales
E) Ravindra Jadeja
Answer: C) Mohammed Siraj

Event and Location:

• Event: Mohammed Siraj wins ICC Men’s Player of the Month for August 2025
• Location: International (India vs England, The Oval – UK)
• Date: 16 September 2025 (award announced)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Mohammed Siraj was honoured as ICC Men’s Player of the Month for his performance in the final Test of the Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy against England.
• Objectives: To recognise and reward impactful individual performance in international cricket during the month of August 2025.

Important Terms Explained:

• ICC Player of the Month: A monthly award presented by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to outstanding male and female cricketers for their performances.
• Anderson-Tendulkar Trophy: A newly named bilateral Test series between India and England, honouring James Anderson and Sachin Tendulkar.
• Five-Wicket Haul: A bowling achievement in cricket when a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings.

Tabular Summary:

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4. Who won the ICC Women’s Player of the Month for August 2025?
A) Iris Zwilling
B) Smriti Mandhana
C) Orla Prendergast
D) Muneeba Ali
E) Ellyse Perry
Answer: C) Orla Prendergast

Event and Location:

• Event: ICC Women’s Player of the Month – August 2025
• Location: International (Ireland, Pakistan, Europe)
• Date: 16 September 2025 (award announcement)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The ICC awarded Orla Prendergast the Women’s Player of the Month for her all-round performance in T20I matches against Pakistan and in the European Qualifier tournament.
• Objectives: To recognise the top-performing female international cricketer for the month of August 2025 based on impactful performances in official matches.

Important Terms Explained:

• ICC Women’s Player of the Month: A monthly award presented by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to recognise outstanding performances in international women’s cricket.
• European T20 Qualifier: A regional qualifying tournament for the ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2026, involving European teams.
• T20I Series: A series of Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket matches, typically shorter-format games played between international teams.

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs September 16

5. Which Bharatanatyam exponent, known for shaping the Kalakshetra style, passed away in September 2025?
A) Yamini Krishnamurthy
B) Rukmini Devi Arundale
C) Shanta Dhananjayan
D) Sarada Hoffman
E) C.V. Chandrasekhar
Answer: D) Sarada Hoffman

Event and Location:

• Event: Death of Bharatanatyam guru and Kalakshetra pedagogue Sarada Hoffman
• Location: California (passed away); originally from Adyar, Chennai
• Date: 14 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Sarada Hoffman, a legendary Bharatanatyam teacher from Kalakshetra, passed away at the age of 96.
• Objectives:
  • To preserve and formalize the Kalakshetra style of Bharatanatyam by codifying its pedagogical methods and training future generations of classical dancers.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bharatanatyam:
  • A classical Indian dance form known for its grace, fixed upper torso, bent legs, intricate footwork, and expressive gestures.
• Kalakshetra Foundation:
  • An arts and cultural academy in Chennai, founded by Rukmini Devi Arundale, renowned for its rigorous training in Bharatanatyam and Carnatic music.
• Sangeet Natak Akademi Award:
  • A national-level recognition presented by the Sangeet Natak Akademi to artists in the fields of music, dance, and drama.
• Rukmini Devi Medal for Excellence in the Arts:
  • An award named after the founder of Kalakshetra, given for exceptional contribution to Indian arts and culture.

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs September 16

6. What is the primary objective of RBI’s new microsite indiancurrency.rbi.org.in launched in September 2025?
A) Promote online banking education
B) Provide loan and credit score assistance
C) Educate public on Indian banknote design and security
D) Track inflation and WPI data
E) Sell commemorative coins
Answer: C) Educate public on Indian banknote design and security

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of RBI’s microsite on Indian banknotes
• Location: India (accessible online nationwide)
• Date: 16 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Reserve Bank of India launched a microsite (indiancurrency.rbi.org.in) to educate the public about the design, features, and exchange rules of Indian banknotes.
• Objectives: Improve public awareness on genuine vs. counterfeit currency, enhance financial literacy, and simplify note exchange procedures through interactive and multimedia tools.

Important Terms Explained:

• Microsite: A focused, stand-alone website providing targeted information—in this case, on Indian currency issued by the RBI.
• Security Features of Banknotes: Visual and physical characteristics such as watermarks, color-shifting ink, latent images, micro-lettering used to authenticate genuine currency.
• Note Exchange Rules: RBI’s guidelines that allow the public to exchange soiled, damaged, or withdrawn currency notes at banks and RBI counters.

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Books and Authors – Daily Current Affairs September 16

7. Who is the author of the book Rocket Dreams, which explores the rivalry between Musk and Bezos in the private space race?
A) Neil deGrasse Tyson
B) Walter Isaacson
C) Christian Davenport
D) Ashlee Vance
E) Michio Kaku
Answer: C) Christian Davenport

Event and Location:

• Event: Release and analysis of the book Rocket Dreams on the billionaire-led space race
• Location: Global (focus on U.S.-based companies and NASA)
• Date: Book published by Crown Currency (Contextually post-2021, analyzed in 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The book examines the rise of private space ventures led by Elon Musk (SpaceX) and Jeff Bezos (Blue Origin), with NASA transitioning from a lead operator to a contracting client.
• Objectives:
  • To highlight the corporate rivalries, political influence, and billionaire ambition driving the modern space race, and to question whether this future benefits the public or a select few.

Important Terms Explained:

• SpaceX:
  • A private aerospace company founded by Elon Musk focused on space transport, satellite deployment, and Mars colonization.
• Blue Origin:
  • A private space firm founded by Jeff Bezos aiming to make space travel accessible and build infrastructure for off-Earth living.
• NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration):
  • The U.S. government agency responsible for civilian space exploration, now increasingly dependent on private contractors.
• Lunar Lander Contract (2021):
  • A $2.9 billion NASA award given to SpaceX for its Starship Human Landing System (HLS), prompting a lawsuit from rival Blue Origin.

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8. What does the word Dapaan, the title of Ipsita Chakravarty’s book, mean in Kashmiri?
A) Oppression
B) The Situation
C) It is said
D) Grief
E) Hidden truth
Answer: C) It is said

Event and Location:

• Event: Publication of the book Dapaan: Tales from Kashmir’s Conflict
• Location: Kashmir (theme focus), India (publication)
• Date: July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To document oral histories, folklore, and personal narratives of survival and resistance in Kashmir since 1989.
• Objectives: To challenge official state narratives and archive cultural memory, everyday resistance, and psychological impact of conflict through Kashmiri voices.

Important Terms Explained:

• Dapaan: A Kashmiri word meaning “it is said”; signifies oral storytelling, rumor, and memory not officially documented.
• Haalaat: A euphemism for ongoing conflict, surveillance, and military presence in Kashmir; means “the situation”.
• Bhand Paether: Traditional satirical Kashmiri street theater used to critique power through humor even under military surveillance.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 16

9. What is the portfolio assigned to Diella, the world’s first AI cabinet minister appointed by Albania?
A) Health and Family Welfare
B) Artificial Intelligence and Technology
C) Public Procurement and Tenders
D) Justice and Legal Affairs
E) Digital Infrastructure
Answer: C) Public Procurement and Tenders

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of the world’s first AI cabinet minister
• Location: Albania (Tirana)
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Albania appointed Diella, an AI-powered virtual minister, to a cabinet position for overseeing public procurement and tenders.
• Objectives: To eliminate human bias and corruption in procurement processes, improve bureaucratic efficiency, and promote digital governance through AI integration.

Important Terms Explained:

• Diella: The name of the AI cabinet minister; derived from the Albanian word for “sun”, symbolizing transparency and digital enlightenment in governance.
• E-Albania: Albania’s central digital governance portal where Diella is embedded, enabling automated, voice-command public service processing.
• Public Procurement: The process by which governments purchase goods, services, or works from private entities, often vulnerable to corruption due to manual oversight.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Who was sworn in as the 10th Chief Justice of the Manipur High Court in September 2025?
A) Justice D. Krishna Kumar
B) Justice Ramalingam Sudhakar
C) Justice M Sundar
D) Justice M.V. Muralidharan
E) Justice Kempaiah Somashekar
Answer: C) Justice M Sundar

Event and Location:

• Event: Justice M Sundar sworn in as 10th Chief Justice of the Manipur High Court
• Location: Imphal, Manipur (Raj Bhavan, Darbar Hall)
• Date: September 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Administer oath of office to Justice M Sundar as the new Chief Justice of Manipur High Court following the retirement of his predecessor.
• Objectives:
  • Ensure leadership continuity and judicial stability in Manipur; reinforce legal administration in the Northeast by appointing experienced judges from southern high courts.

Important Terms Explained:

• Supreme Court Collegium: A body comprising the Chief Justice of India and four senior-most judges, responsible for recommending appointments and transfers of High Court and Supreme Court judges.
• Integrated Law Course: A five-year academic program combining undergraduate studies with legal education, replacing the traditional three-year LLB program.
• Manipur High Court: The apex court for the state of Manipur, established in 2013, responsible for state-level constitutional and judicial matters.

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11. Who was given additional charge as the Governor of Maharashtra in September 2025?
A) Ramesh Bais
B) Arif Mohammed Khan
C) Acharya Devvrat
D) Anusuiya Uikey
E) C.P. Radhakrishnan
Answer: C) Acharya Devvrat

Event and Location:

• Event: Acharya Devvrat takes oath as Governor of Maharashtra
• Location: Raj Bhavan, Mumbai
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Acharya Devvrat was appointed as the Governor of Maharashtra with additional charge, while continuing as the Governor of Gujarat.
• Objectives:
  • To ensure constitutional continuity following the vacancy created by C.P. Radhakrishnan’s election as Vice-President, and to maintain administrative stability until a full-time Governor is appointed.

Important Terms Explained:

• Acharya Devvrat: A veteran educator and former principal of a Gurukul, he has served as Governor of Gujarat since 2019 and was earlier the Governor of Himachal Pradesh (2015–2019). Known for promoting Ayurveda, natural farming, and educational reforms.
• Article 153 (Indian Constitution): This provision allows one person to be appointed as Governor of two or more states, enabling dual responsibilities for continuity in governance.
• Vice-President of India: The second-highest constitutional post in India. Upon election, the Vice-President cannot hold any other office, leading to resignation from prior positions such as governorship.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Who was appointed as Secretary to the Vice-President of India in September 2025?
A) T.V. Somanathan
B) Ajay Bhushan Pandey
C) Amit Khare
D) Chandrasekar S
E) Jagdeep Dhankhar
Answer: C) Amit Khare

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Secretary and Private Secretary to Vice-President of India
• Location: Vice-President’s Secretariat, New Delhi
• Date: 14 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Amit Khare, retired IAS officer, was appointed as Secretary to the Vice-President of India for a three-year contractual term.
  • Chandrasekar S, 2014-batch Kerala cadre IAS officer, was appointed Private Secretary to the Vice-President.
• Objectives:
  • Ensure administrative continuity and experienced support for newly elected Vice-President C.P. Radhakrishnan at the start of his term.

Important Terms Explained:

• Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC):
  • A high-level committee responsible for senior bureaucratic appointments in India, comprising the Prime Minister and the Home Minister.
• Amit Khare:
  • A retired 1985-batch IAS officer (Jharkhand cadre), known for exposing the fodder scam and for leading the formulation of the National Education Policy (NEP) as Union Higher Education Secretary.
• Vice-President of India:
  • The second-highest constitutional office in India, acting as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The office was taken over by C.P. Radhakrishnan on 12 September 2025.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Who was appointed as the Vice President for the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Region at the World Bank in September 2025?
A) David Malpass
B) Carmen Reinhart
C) Carlos Felipe Jaramillo
D) Kristalina Georgieva
E) Ajay Banga
Answer: C) Carlos Felipe Jaramillo

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Carlos Felipe Jaramillo as World Bank VP for EAP
• Location: Singapore (regional hub for East Asia and Pacific)
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Carlos Felipe Jaramillo has been appointed Vice President for the East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Region at the World Bank to oversee development operations and strategy across 23 countries.
• Objectives:
  • To lead the Bank’s engagement across East Asia and Pacific, manage a $32 billion portfolio, and prioritize development in areas such as job creation, digital transformation, human capital, and sustainable energy.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Bank:
  • An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to governments of low- and middle-income countries for development projects.
• East Asia and Pacific (EAP) Region:
  • A geographic grouping used by the World Bank comprising 23 countries, including China, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Pacific Island nations, with a focus on sustainable development and economic growth.
• Decentralization Strategy:
  • The World Bank’s approach to moving regional operations and leadership closer to member countries by creating regional hubs like the one now based in Singapore.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Who became the first EPFO officer and first Indian to be selected for the World Bank–Milken PFAM Program 2025–26?
A) Sunil Barthwal
B) S.K. Mohanty
C) Alok Kumar Mehta
D) Vivekanand Gupta
E) Rajesh Bhushan
Answer: D) Vivekanand Gupta

Event and Location:

• Event: Selection of Vivekanand Gupta for PFAM Program 2025–26
• Location: London, United Kingdom (host); India (nominee origin)
• Date: 16 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Selection of an EPFO officer for an international leadership program in public financial asset management
• Objectives: To enhance global benchmarking, strengthen asset management capabilities, and integrate international financial governance standards within EPFO

Important Terms Explained:

• Public Financial Asset Management (PFAM) Program: A global leadership development program jointly run by the World Bank and Milken Institute, focusing on capital markets, asset governance, and strategic financial operations
• EPFO (Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation): One of the world’s largest social security organizations, managing retirement savings for Indian workers
• PDUNASS (Pandit Deendayal Upadhyay National Academy of Social Security): Apex training institution of EPFO that nominated Shri Vivekanand Gupta for the PFAM program

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 16

15. Which district topped the Inspire Award – MANAK 2025 rankings for student innovation submissions?
A) Bengaluru Urban
B) Jaipur
C) Muzaffarpur
D) Vaishali
E) Lucknow
Answer: C) Muzaffarpur

Event and Location:

• Event: Muzaffarpur tops India in student submissions for Inspire Award – MANAK 2025
• Location: Muzaffarpur, Bihar (National Event)
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Department of Science and Technology (DST) released national rankings under the Inspire Award – MANAK 2025, recognizing student innovation at the school level.
• Objectives:
  • To identify, nurture, and reward grassroots innovation among school students from Classes 6 to 10
  • To promote original, socially relevant ideas and inspire scientific temper among youth

Important Terms Explained:

• Inspire Award – MANAK:
  • A flagship initiative by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and National Innovation Foundation (NIF) that funds and supports student-led innovation projects across India.
• Million Minds Augmenting National Aspiration and Knowledge (MANAK):
  • A program that seeks to ignite scientific curiosity and problem-solving among middle and high school students, encouraging them to develop prototypes of their ideas.
• Nodal Officer:
  • A designated official responsible for managing and facilitating the Inspire Award scheme at the block/district level to ensure smooth coordination and participation.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 16

16. Which countries are participating in the ‘Freedom Edge’ military exercise launched in September 2025?
A) US, South Korea, Japan
B) US, China, Russia
C) South Korea, India, Japan
D) Japan, Philippines, Australia
E) North Korea, China, Russia
Answer: A) US, South Korea, Japan

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Freedom Edge trilateral military exercise
• Location: Off Jeju Island, South Korea
• Date: 15–19 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Conduct a joint multi-domain military exercise involving the United States, South Korea, and Japan with participation from naval, air, and cyber units.
• Objectives:
  • Enhance trilateral defense cooperation, deter North Korean military threats, test integrated missile defense systems, and improve real-time coordination and readiness among allies in the Indo-Pacific region.

Important Terms Explained:

• Freedom Edge: A trilateral military exercise involving the US, South Korea, and Japan focused on missile defense, naval operations, air drills, cyber coordination, and evacuation training.
• Iron Mace Exercise: A tabletop simulation exploring integration of US nuclear assets with South Korea’s conventional military to enhance deterrence—criticized by North Korea.
• Camp David Commitments: Agreements made at the US–South Korea–Japan trilateral summit in Camp David to improve security cooperation, including sharing real-time missile warning data.

Tabular Summary:

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17. What is the primary role of INS Nistar in Exercise Pacific Reach 2025?
A) Anti-submarine warfare
B) Underwater mine detection
C) Mothership for Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle
D) Amphibious assault operations
E) Naval medical evacuation
Answer: C) Mothership for Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle

Event and Location:

• Event: INS Nistar participates in Exercise Pacific Reach 2025
• Location: Changi Naval Base, Singapore & South China Sea
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • INS Nistar, an indigenously-built Diving Support Vessel, arrived at Singapore to participate in the multinational Exercise Pacific Reach 2025, acting as the Mothership (MoSHIP) for India’s Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV).
• Objectives:
  • Enhance international naval cooperation in submarine rescue
    Showcase India’s deep-sea rescue capability and Aatmanirbhar defence progress
    Improve interoperability through live drills and expert exchanges

Important Terms Explained:

• INS Nistar:
  • India’s newly commissioned Diving Support Vessel (DSV), operational under the Eastern Naval Command, designed for submarine rescue, seabed mapping, and underwater operations.
• Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV):
  • Specialized submersible used to rescue submariners from disabled submarines at depths up to 650 meters; India operates two DSRVs.
• Exercise Pacific Reach (XPR):
  • A biennial multinational submarine rescue exercise, held in 2025 in Singapore with 40+ countries participating. It includes harbour and sea phases to test interoperability and rescue readiness.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 16

18. Where was the 16th Combined Commanders’ Conference, themed “Year of Reforms,” inaugurated by PM Modi in 2025?
A) Pune
B) Delhi
C) Hyderabad
D) Kolkata
E) Chandigarh
Answer: D) Kolkata

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the 16th Combined Commanders’ Conference
• Location: Eastern Command Headquarters, Kolkata, West Bengal
• Date: 15 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the biennial Combined Commanders’ Conference at the Eastern Command HQ.
• Objectives: To review national defense preparedness, promote jointness among armed forces, push for reforms in military modernization, and improve national security coordination.

Important Terms Explained:

• Combined Commanders’ Conference: A biennial meeting involving senior military leadership and key policymakers to discuss India’s security and defense strategies.
• Theatre Commands: Joint military commands bringing together units of the Army, Navy, and Air Force under one operational authority for a specific geographic region.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-Reliant India): A government initiative to promote indigenous manufacturing, including in defense, to reduce foreign dependency.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which of the following was launched by PM Modi during his visit to Purnia, Bihar in September 2025?
A) National Jute Board
B) ₹25,000 crore thermal power plant in Bhagalpur
C) Bullet Train Project from Patna to Delhi
D) Nalanda AI Research Hub
E) National Silk Export Scheme
Answer: B) ₹25,000 crore thermal power plant in Bhagalpur

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Purnia Airport and launch of ₹36,000 crore worth development projects
• Location: Purnia, Bihar, India
• Date: 16 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Inauguration of Purnia Airport terminal, launch of energy, transport, agriculture, and irrigation projects including a thermal power plant, railway lines, and the National Makhana Board.
• Objectives: To boost infrastructure, enhance regional connectivity, support agriculture, and promote overall economic development in Bihar, especially in the underdeveloped Seemanchal region.

Important Terms Explained:

• Purnia Airport: A new regional airport in Bihar aimed at improving air connectivity in the northeast region of the state.
• Kosi-Mechi River Link Project: A major river interlinking project to control floods and enhance irrigation in north Bihar.
• National Makhana Board: A newly announced body to support makhana (fox nut) farmers with ₹475 crore investment in training, marketing, and processing infrastructure.

Tabular Summary:

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20. Which of the following sites was NOT among the seven newly added to India’s UNESCO Tentative List in September 2025?
A) Deccan Traps
B) Tirumala Hills
C) Varkala Cliff
D) Hampi Temples
E) Erra Matti Dibbalu
Answer: D) Hampi Temples

Event and Location:

• Event: India adds 7 new natural heritage sites to UNESCO Tentative List
• Location: Nationwide (India – covering Maharashtra, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala)
• Date: 12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO announced the inclusion of 7 natural heritage sites in the UNESCO Tentative List, raising India’s total entries to 69.
• Objectives:
  • To highlight India’s geological, ecological, and natural diversity
  • To prepare these sites for potential nomination to the World Heritage List
  • To boost conservation, research, and global recognition of natural heritage

Important Terms Explained:

• UNESCO Tentative List:
  • A list of sites a country intends to nominate to the World Heritage List; placement is a mandatory first step for final inscription consideration.
• Deccan Traps:
  • A large volcanic province in Maharashtra, formed by ancient lava flows; known for layered basalt formations and fossil significance.
• Erra Matti Dibbalu:
  • Also known as Red Sand Dunes near Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, these are rare coastal dunes shaped by climatic and sea-level changes.

Tabular Summary:

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21. What material is used in the newly inaugurated bioethanol plant in Assam?
A) Sugarcane
B) Rice husk
C) Bamboo
D) Maize
E) Cotton stalks
Answer: C) Bamboo

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of bamboo-based bioethanol plant and foundation stone for polypropylene unit
• Location: Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL), Golaghat, Assam
• Date: 16 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • PM Narendra Modi inaugurated a bamboo-based bioethanol plant and laid the foundation for a polypropylene production unit under a ₹18,000 crore energy and industry investment initiative.
• Objectives:
  • To promote clean energy, rural livelihoods, and industrial manufacturing under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision, focusing on green fuel and domestic plastic production.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bioethanol:
  • A renewable fuel produced from biomass (in this case, bamboo) that reduces carbon emissions and petroleum dependency.
• Polypropylene:
  • A versatile thermoplastic polymer used in producing various household, medical, automotive, and industrial goods.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat:
  • A government initiative aimed at making India self-reliant across sectors including energy, manufacturing, and defense.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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