Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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September 13 & 14 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

1. What is the theme of the 10th Ayurveda Day to be held in Goa in September 2025?
A) Ayurveda for Health and Wealth
B) One Earth, One Health
C) Ayurveda for Future Generations
D) Ayurveda for People & Planet
E) Sustainable Ayurveda for All
Answer: D) Ayurveda for People & Planet

Event and Location:

• Event: 10th Ayurveda Day celebration
• Location: All India Institute of Ayurveda (AIIA), Goa
• Date: 23 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Ayush will organize the 10th Ayurveda Day on a fixed date (23rd September) at AIIA Goa, with global participation and nationwide observance.
• Objectives: To promote Ayurveda as a modern, evidence-based healthcare system aligned with ecological sustainability, and enhance its global appeal and health diplomacy footprint.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ayurveda Day: An annual observance to promote India’s traditional medicine system, earlier celebrated on Dhanvantari Jayanti, now fixed on 23rd September starting in 2025.
• AIIA (All India Institute of Ayurveda): A premier institute under the Ministry of Ayush, aimed at research, education, and international promotion of Ayurveda.
• Ayurveda for People & Planet: The 2025 theme reflects the role of Ayurveda in improving human health and contributing to planetary sustainability, aligned with UN SDGs.

Tabular Summary:

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2. Hindi Diwas is celebrated on September 14 every year to commemorate which historic decision?
A) Adoption of Hindi as national language
B) Invention of the Devanagari script
C) Hindi becoming the first official language of India
D) Constituent Assembly declaring Hindi as official language of the Union
E) Mahatma Gandhi’s call for Hindi usage in education
Answer: D) Constituent Assembly declaring Hindi as official language of the Union

Event and Location:

• Event: Celebration of Hindi Diwas to promote the use and importance of Hindi
• Location: Nationwide observance across India
• Date: 14 September (celebrated annually since 1953)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Hindi Diwas is observed annually to mark the adoption of Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union Government by the Constituent Assembly on 14 September 1949 under Article 343 of the Constitution.
• Objectives:
  • Promote the use of Hindi in government, education, and communication
  • Encourage youth to appreciate and preserve Hindi as a symbol of cultural identity
  • Celebrate the role of Hindi in national integration and linguistic diversity

Important Terms Explained:

• Article 343: Part of the Indian Constitution that designates Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union, alongside the continued use of English for official purposes for a transitional period.
• Vyohar Rajendra Singh: A notable Hindi scholar whose 50th birth anniversary coincided with the 14 September 1949 decision, further influencing the adoption of Hindi as an official language.
• Devanagari Script: An ancient Indian script used for writing Hindi and several other Indian languages, known for its clarity and structure.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

3. Who briefly surpassed Elon Musk to become the world’s richest person according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index in September 2025?
A) Jeff Bezos
B) Mark Zuckerberg
C) Larry Page
D) Larry Ellison
E) Bernard Arnault
Answer: D) Larry Ellison

Event and Location:

• Event: Larry Ellison briefly becomes world’s richest person on Bloomberg Billionaires Index
• Location: Bloomberg Billionaires Index, updated globally from New York
• Date: 11 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Oracle co-founder Larry Ellison temporarily overtook Elon Musk as the world’s richest person following an $89 billion surge in his net worth due to Oracle’s positive earnings.
• Objectives: The Bloomberg Billionaires Index aims to provide real-time rankings of the world’s wealthiest individuals based on stock market movements and business valuations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bloomberg Billionaires Index: A daily ranking of the world’s richest individuals, calculated using net worth valuations based on public holdings, private assets, and financial disclosures.
• One-Day Wealth Gain: Refers to the change in an individual’s net worth over a 24-hour trading period, influenced by stock price movement and other valuation factors.
• Technology Billionaires: Individuals whose wealth is primarily derived from the tech industry, including founders and CEOs of major tech firms like Tesla, Oracle, Meta, and Amazon.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

4. What was India’s retail inflation rate in August 2025 as per the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
A) 4.00%
B) 3.25%
C) 2.47%
D) 2.07%
E) 1.61%
Answer: D) 2.07%

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of retail inflation data for August 2025
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the retail inflation data for August 2025, based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
• Objectives: The goal is to monitor price stability, inform monetary policy decisions, and assess the cost-of-living trends affecting households across urban and rural India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Retail Inflation (CPI-based): A measure of the change in prices of a basket of goods and services consumed by households, used to gauge inflation in the economy.
• Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI): A sub-index of the CPI that measures inflation or deflation in food items specifically, offering insight into the cost trends of essentials.
• Monetary Policy: The process by which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) controls money supply and interest rates, primarily to maintain inflation within a target range and support economic growth.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Which Japanese institution signed a ₹3,500 crore loan pact with Power Finance Corporation to support clean energy projects in India?
A) Bank of Japan
B) Japan Bank for International Cooperation
C) Mizuho Bank
D) Asian Development Bank
E) Japan External Trade Organization
Answer: B) Japan Bank for International Cooperation

Event and Location:

• Event: Power Finance Corporation signs clean energy loan agreement with JBIC
• Location: Tokyo, Japan
• Date: 29 August 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Power Finance Corporation (PFC) signed a 60 billion Japanese Yen (approx. ₹3,500 crore) loan agreement with the Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) to fund clean and renewable energy projects in India.
• Objectives:
  • Promote sustainable energy generation in India
  • Strengthen India-Japan economic and environmental cooperation
  • Support second-generation bio-ethanol technology in Assam
  • Accelerate financing for self-reliant, low-carbon energy infrastructure

Important Terms Explained:

• JBIC (Japan Bank for International Cooperation): A Japanese government financial institution supporting strategic projects overseas through long-term funding, especially in energy, environment, and infrastructure.
• GREEN Initiative: JBIC’s Global Action for Reconciling Economic Growth and Environmental Preservation, aimed at financing environmentally friendly projects in developing nations.
• Second-Generation Bio-Ethanol: A type of ethanol produced from non-food biomass like bamboo, agricultural waste, or wood, offering a more sustainable alternative to conventional biofuels.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

6. Who has been appointed as the new CEO of Hero MotoCorp effective January 5, 2026?
A) Vikram Kasbekar
B) Pawan Munjal
C) Harshavardhan Chitale
D) Niranjan Gupta
E) Pravin Patil
Answer: C) Harshavardhan Chitale

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Harshavardhan Chitale as CEO of Hero MotoCorp
• Location: India (Hero MotoCorp headquarters)
• Date: Announcement made on 8 September 2025; effective from 5 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Appointment of a new CEO to lead Hero MotoCorp
• Objectives: Accelerate the company’s transition to electric mobility and strengthen leadership in the two-wheeler segment

Important Terms Explained:

• Hero MotoCorp: India’s largest manufacturer of two-wheelers, known for models like Splendor and HF Deluxe
• Electric and Emerging Mobility: Refers to Hero’s expansion into electric vehicles (EVs), including scooters and motorcycles
• Acting CEO: Temporary head of a company appointed until a permanent CEO is selected; Vikram Kasbekar held this role prior to Chitale’s appointment

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

7. Which institution became the first government medical college in India to train students on the da Vinci robotic surgery system?
A) JIPMER Puducherry
B) PGIMER Chandigarh
C) AIIMS Delhi
D) KGMU Lucknow
E) NIMHANS Bengaluru
Answer: C) AIIMS Delhi

Event and Location:

• Event: AIIMS Delhi becomes India’s first government medical college to offer robotic surgery training
• Location: Skills, E-Learning and Telemedicine (SET) Facility, AIIMS New Delhi
• Date: 13 September 2025 (as per last update)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: AIIMS Delhi has launched hands-on training programs using the da Vinci Robotic Surgical System and Hugo Robotic Trainer, marking the beginning of advanced surgical simulation and robotic training in a public institution.
• Objectives: To develop India’s robotic surgery training ecosystem, enhance surgical precision and innovation, and reduce dependency on foreign training in robotic procedures.

Important Terms Explained:

• da Vinci Robotic Surgical System: An advanced robotic platform developed by Intuitive Surgical that assists surgeons in performing minimally invasive procedures with greater precision, dexterity, and control.
• Hugo Robotic Trainer: A robotic-assisted surgery training system developed by Medtronic, used to simulate surgeries and train healthcare professionals.
• SET Facility (Skills, E-Learning and Telemedicine): A training centre at AIIMS Delhi designed to offer simulated learning experiences in surgery and telemedicine using the latest technologies.

Tabular Summary:

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8. What is the name of Russia’s mRNA-based cancer vaccine that showed 100% efficacy in clinical trials?
A) OncoVax
B) Enteromix
C) NeoCure
D) ImmuGen
E) ViroShield
Answer: B) Enteromix

Event and Location:

• Event: 100% efficacy of Enteromix cancer vaccine in clinical trials
• Location: Russia (clinical trials conducted by Russian research agencies)
• Date: 11 September 2025 (announcement date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Russia’s Enteromix, a personalized mRNA-based cancer vaccine, has completed clinical trials with 100% efficacy and no serious side effects.
• Objectives:
  • To treat and prevent aggressive cancers using personalized mRNA vaccines
  • To eliminate cancer cells by training the immune system
  • To offer a safer alternative to chemotherapy and radiation
  • To revolutionize cancer treatment with patient-specific customization

Important Terms Explained:

• Enteromix:
  • A personalized mRNA cancer vaccine developed in Russia that trains the immune system to eliminate cancer cells with 100% clinical efficacy and no serious side effects.
• mRNA-based Vaccine:
  • A type of vaccine that uses messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce a protein that triggers an immune response, similar to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
• Oncolytic Vaccine:
  • A treatment using genetically modified harmless viruses to infect and destroy cancer cells while stimulating the immune system to attack tumors.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

9. What is the motto of INS Aravali, commissioned by the Indian Navy in September 2025?
A) Shano Varuna
B) Samudrik Surakshaya Sahyogam
C) Sahyog Shakti Samriddhi
D) Vayam Rakshamah
E) Swavlamban Bharat
Answer: B) Samudrik Surakshaya Sahyogam

Event and Location:

• Event: Commissioning of INS Aravali by the Indian Navy
• Location: Gurugram, Haryana
• Date: 12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Navy commissioned INS Aravali, a new base in Gurugram, to boost maritime domain awareness, communication systems, and strategic support capabilities.
• Objectives: The aim is to strengthen India’s maritime security, enhance command and control infrastructure, and support the MAHASAGAR vision by increasing collaboration in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).

Important Terms Explained:

• INS Aravali: A newly commissioned Indian Navy base named after the Aravali mountain range, built to enhance maritime security through communication, surveillance, and administrative support.
• Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): A framework enabling comprehensive situational awareness of maritime activities to ensure security, safety, and environmental protection in territorial and international waters.
• MAHASAGAR Vision: An acronym for Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions, aimed at promoting India’s role as a security partner in the Indo-Pacific and IOR.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Where was the 4th Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS), in which India participated, held in September 2025?
A) Tokyo
B) New Delhi
C) Rome
D) Geneva
E) Jakarta
Answer: C) Rome

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s participation in the 4th Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS)
• Location: Rome, Italy
• Date: 11–12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India’s Coast Guard delegation, led by DG Paramesh Sivamani, participated in CGGS 2025 and delivered a lecture on India’s maritime emergency response capabilities.
• Objectives: To enhance India’s maritime diplomacy, highlight India’s operational expertise in fire response, and bid for hosting the 5th CGGS in 2027, reinforcing India’s global maritime leadership.

Important Terms Explained:

• Coast Guard Global Summit (CGGS): A high-level international forum initiated in 2017 by Japan Coast Guard and Nippon Foundation, focused on maritime safety, security, and cooperation among Coast Guard forces.
• “Guardians Against the Blaze”: The title of India’s lecture at CGGS 2025, focusing on the Indian Coast Guard’s tactical response and preparedness for fire-related maritime emergencies.
• Guardians at Sea: The shared ethos of CGGS 2025, emphasizing collective efforts in maritime protection, emergency response, and environmental stewardship.

Tabular Summary:

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11. Which advanced 3D radar system, manufactured by Tata Advanced Systems in collaboration with Indra (Spain), was recently inducted by the Indian Navy?
A) Arudhra Radar
B) Lanza-N Radar
C) MF-STAR Radar
D) EL/M-2248 Radar
E) Astra-T Radar
Answer: B) Lanza-N Radar

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian Navy inducts Tata-made Lanza-N 3D Air Surveillance Radar
• Location: Integrated into Indian Navy warships built and tested in Karnataka
• Date: 13 September 2025 (as per latest update)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Navy, in collaboration with Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) and Indra (Spain), inducted the first Lanza-N 3D air surveillance radar for long-range aerial threat detection.
• Objectives: To strengthen India’s maritime air defence capabilities, promote defence indigenisation, and support the Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• Lanza-N Radar: A naval variant of the Lanza 3D long-range air surveillance radar system developed by Indra and manufactured locally by TASL for the Indian Navy; offers extended detection range and early warning capability.
• TASL (Tata Advanced Systems Limited): A major Indian defence manufacturer responsible for indigenous production, integration, and testing of advanced naval systems, including radars and missile components.
• Make in India / Atmanirbhar Bharat: Government initiatives aimed at strengthening domestic manufacturing, especially in the strategic sectors like defence, to reduce dependency on imports.

Tabular Summary:

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12. What is the name of the Indian Army Sailing Vessel used for the all-women Tri-service circumnavigation expedition flagged off in September 2025?
A) INS Tarini
B) INSV Tarangini
C) IASV Triveni
D) INS Sudarshini
E) INSV Kalpana
Answer: C) IASV Triveni

Event and Location:

• Event: Flag-off of Samudra Pradakshina, first-ever Tri-service all-women circumnavigation sailing expedition
• Location: Virtually from South Block, New Delhi; physically at Gateway of India, Mumbai
• Date: September 11, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh flagged off Samudra Pradakshina, a Tri-service all-women sailing expedition aboard IASV Triveni, aimed at circumnavigating the globe over 9 months.
• Objectives:
  • Showcase Nari Shakti, Armed Forces jointness, and India’s defence indigenisation
  • Undertake scientific research and international diplomacy during port calls
  • Promote military maritime capabilities, women leadership, and global engagement
  • Demonstrate India’s prowess in seamanship and endurance sailing

Important Terms Explained:

• Samudra Pradakshina: India’s first Tri-service all-women circumnavigation sailing expedition, covering ~26,000 nautical miles.
• IASV Triveni: A 50-foot indigenous Class-A yacht built in Puducherry, used for the expedition under Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
• Nari Shakti: A national mission emphasizing women empowerment across sectors including defence.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

13. Which resolution did India support at the UNGA in September 2025 regarding the Palestine issue?
A) Geneva Accord
B) Oslo Agreement
C) New York Declaration
D) Arab Peace Initiative
E) West Asia Roadmap
Answer: C) New York Declaration

Event and Location:

• Event: India votes in favour of the UNGA resolution endorsing the two-state solution for Palestine
• Location: United Nations General Assembly, New York, USA
• Date: 12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India supported the New York Declaration, a United Nations General Assembly resolution calling for a peaceful two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
• Objectives: To reaffirm the global commitment to establishing an independent, sovereign State of Palestine coexisting peacefully with Israel, based on recognized international borders and diplomatic negotiations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Two-State Solution: A proposed framework to resolve the Israel-Palestine conflict by creating two separate states – Israel and Palestine – living side by side in peace and security.
• New York Declaration: A UNGA resolution backed by France and Saudi Arabia that endorses the two-state solution and calls for renewed international support for peaceful negotiations.
• UNGA (United Nations General Assembly): One of the six principal organs of the United Nations where all 193 member states have equal representation in discussing and deciding on key international issues.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which country is the partner nation for the 3rd Uttar Pradesh International Trade Show (UPITS) 2025?
A) Germany
B) Russia
C) Japan
D) France
E) United Kingdom
Answer: B) Russia

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the 3rd Uttar Pradesh International Trade Show (UPITS)
• Location: India Expo Mart, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: Scheduled from 25–29 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Prime Minister will inaugurate UPITS 2025, with participation from domestic and international businesses, including Russia as the partner country.
• Objectives:
  • To boost Uttar Pradesh’s global trade profile
  • Promote exports from various sectors including MSMEs, ODOP, agriculture, tourism, and IT
  • Provide a global platform for entrepreneurs, start-ups, and exporters
  • Strengthen international collaboration through trade and investment

Important Terms Explained:

• UPITS (Uttar Pradesh International Trade Show):
  • An annual international trade fair hosted by the Government of Uttar Pradesh to showcase products and services across industries, boost exports, and attract foreign investment.
• ODOP (One District One Product):
  • A flagship initiative of the UP government to promote unique, traditional products from each district and enhance their market reach.
• India Expo Mart, Greater Noida:
  • A premier exhibition venue in NCR used for national and international events, conferences, and expos.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 13 & 14

15. Which of the following is a key infrastructure component of the Great Nicobar Island Project?
A) High-speed railway network
B) 750 MVA nuclear power station
C) International Container Transshipment Terminal
D) Bullet train connecting Port Blair
E) Offshore oil exploration plant
Answer: C) International Container Transshipment Terminal

Event and Location:

• Event: Strategic announcement of the Great Nicobar Island Project
• Location: Great Nicobar Island, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, India
• Date: 12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The project involves the integrated development of Great Nicobar Island through major infrastructure such as an international container terminal, airport, township, and renewable energy-based power plant.
• Objectives: The goal is to transform Great Nicobar into a maritime and air connectivity hub, strengthen national security in the Indian Ocean Region, promote economic activity, and ensure ecological sustainability.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Container Transshipment Terminal (ICTT): A high-capacity port facility allowing large vessels to transfer cargo containers to smaller ships, crucial for efficient global maritime logistics.
• Greenfield Airport: An airport built entirely from scratch on undeveloped land, allowing for modern design and dual civilian-military use.
• National Building Code: A comprehensive set of guidelines and safety regulations in India for building construction, including provisions for earthquake resistance.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which northeastern capital has become the fourth to be connected to the Indian Railways network through the Bairabi-Sairang Railway Line?
A) Shillong
B) Aizawl
C) Imphal
D) Kohima
E) Gangtok
Answer: B) Aizawl

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the Bairabi-Sairang Railway Line connecting Mizoram’s capital
• Location: Aizawl, Mizoram
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The project involves the construction and inauguration of a 51 km railway line from Bairabi to Sairang, providing the first-ever rail connectivity to Aizawl.
• Objectives: The primary goals are to boost regional trade, tourism, freight movement, employment, and integrate Mizoram into India’s railway network and economy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bairabi-Sairang Railway Line: A strategic 51 km railway project linking the Mizoram capital Aizawl to the Indian Railway network for the first time.
• Rajdhani Express: A series of premier high-speed trains connecting major state capitals with Delhi, offering priority status and faster travel times.
• National Connectivity Push: A central government initiative aimed at linking all northeastern state capitals with the Indian Railway network to foster inclusive development.

Tabular Summary:

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17. What is the primary purpose of the newly launched Gyan Bharatam Portal?
A) To promote Sanskrit as a national language
B) To conduct online exams for heritage studies
C) To digitise and preserve India’s manuscript heritage
D) To train teachers in Vedic mathematics
E) To publish NCERT textbooks in regional languages
Answer: C) To digitise and preserve India’s manuscript heritage

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the Gyan Bharatam Portal for manuscript digitisation
• Location: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi
• Date: 12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Gyan Bharatam Portal was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to digitise, conserve, and provide public access to India’s vast manuscript heritage.
• Objectives: To preserve ancient knowledge systems, create a national digital repository, enable AI-driven research and translation, and promote global and public collaboration in manuscript conservation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Gyan Bharatam Portal: A national digital platform launched to document, digitise, and provide access to India’s ancient manuscripts using modern technology and collaborative efforts.
• National Digital Repository: A centralized, AI-enabled digital library to store, index, and share manuscript content with scholars and the public.
• NEP 2020 (National Education Policy): A comprehensive education reform policy that emphasizes integration of traditional Indian knowledge systems and cultural heritage into modern education.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Which GI-tagged product from Bihar was part of a 7-metric-ton consignment flagged off to New Zealand, Canada, and the USA during the APEDA office inauguration?
A) Shahi Litchi
B) Jardalu Mango
C) Magahi Pan
D) Tilkut
E) Mithila Makhana
Answer: E) Mithila Makhana

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of APEDA’s first regional office in Bihar
• Location: Patna, Bihar (during Bihar Idea Festival)
• Date: 13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Minister Piyush Goyal inaugurated the first regional office of APEDA in Bihar to offer direct support to farmers, exporters, and entrepreneurs in agri-trade and processed food exports.
• Objectives: To improve Bihar’s access to global agri-markets, enhance certification and compliance support, promote GI-tagged products, and integrate local producers with international trade networks.

Important Terms Explained:

• APEDA (Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority): A statutory body under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, responsible for promoting the export of agricultural and processed food products from India.
• GI-tagged Products (Geographical Indications): Products that originate from a specific region and carry unique qualities or reputations due to their geographic origin. GI tags help boost authenticity and export value.
• FPO (Farmer Producer Organization): A legally recognized collective of farmers formed to improve access to markets, finance, and agri-services, enhancing rural income and sustainability.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which international organization is funding the Madhurawada Sewerage Project in Visakhapatnam with $60 million?
A) Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
B) World Bank
C) International Monetary Fund
D) International Finance Corporation
E) Asian Development Bank
Answer: D) International Finance Corporation

Event and Location:

• Event: GVMC signs agreement with IFC for funding Madhurawada Sewerage Project
• Location: Andhra Pradesh Secretariat, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 09 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) signed a $60 million (₹498 crore) agreement with International Finance Corporation (IFC) for the development of a comprehensive sewerage system in Madhurawada, a rapidly urbanizing locality.
• Objectives:
  • Expand sewerage coverage from 20% to 100% in Madhurawada
  • Improve public health and sanitation
  • Promote sustainable urban growth
  • Support low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure
  • Mobilize global private capital for local civic development without sovereign guarantees

Important Terms Explained:

• IFC (International Finance Corporation): A member of the World Bank Group, focused on mobilizing private sector investment in developing countries to reduce poverty and promote sustainability.
• Non-Convertible Debentures (NCDs): Fixed-income instruments used by companies or entities to raise long-term capital, which cannot be converted into equity shares, offering a fixed interest over the tenure.
• AMRUT 2.0 (Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation): A flagship urban development scheme by the Government of India, launched to ensure universal access to water supply, sewerage, and urban amenities.

Tabular Summary:

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20. Which city hosted the 14th edition of INMEX SMM India 2025, South Asia’s leading maritime exhibition?
A) Chennai
B) Kochi
C) Mumbai
D) Visakhapatnam
E) New Delhi
Answer: C) Mumbai

Event and Location:

• Event: 14th INMEX SMM India 2025 – South Asia’s premier maritime exhibition
• Location: Bombay Exhibition Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: 10–12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • To showcase advancements in green shipping, shipbuilding, repair, and global maritime connectivity
  • To serve as a strategic platform for public-private partnerships, technology exchange, and maritime investments
• Objectives:
  • Promote India’s Blue Economy under Maritime India Vision 2030 and Maritime Amrit Kaal Vision 2047
  • Position India among the top 10 shipbuilding nations by 2030 and top 5 by 2047
  • Highlight policies like the Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Policy 2.0 and Maritime Development Fund
  • Accelerate employment generation, green innovation, and global maritime leadership

Important Terms Explained:

• Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030:
  • A government roadmap aiming to boost India’s maritime sector through modern ports, digital shipping, shipbuilding, and inland water transport.
• Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Policy 2.0:
  • An extended incentive scheme (till 2036) offering subsidies to Indian shipyards to enhance global competitiveness and reduce production costs.
• Maritime Development Fund:
  • A ₹25,000 crore fund launched by the Government of India to finance shipbuilding, repair, and maritime infrastructure projects.
• Green Shipping:
  • Sustainable shipping practices involving the use of low-emission fuels (LNG, hydrogen, methanol), automation, and eco-friendly ship design to reduce environmental impact.
• Jalvahak Cargo Promotion Scheme:
  • Launched in December 2024 to boost inland waterway cargo movement by offering 35% cost reimbursement on scheduled services.

Tabular Summary:

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21. Where was the DialogueNEXT 2025 conference held, focusing on food systems and farmer-led innovations?
A) Hyderabad
B) Nairobi
C) New Delhi
D) Geneva
E) Mexico City
Answer: C) New Delhi

Event and Location:

• Event: DialogueNEXT 2025 Global Conference on Food Security & Innovation
• Location: ICAR Convention Centre, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, India
• Date: 8–9 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • A high-level, two-day international event gathering global agricultural leaders, scientists, policymakers, and farmers to drive action on global food security and agricultural innovation.
• Objectives:
  • To confront hunger tipping points with farmer-centric solutions
  • Scale up breakthrough agri-food innovations across the Global South
  • Strengthen cross-sector partnerships and accelerate delivery of innovations to smallholders
  • Showcase India’s leadership in agricultural transformation and food system resilience

Important Terms Explained:

• DialogueNEXT:
  • A global dialogue platform launched by the World Food Prize Foundation to accelerate agricultural innovation and ensure delivery to farmers, especially in the Global South.
• World Food Prize Foundation:
  • An international foundation that honors contributions to improving the quality, quantity, or availability of food in the world.
• CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center):
  • A global agricultural research institute working on sustainable agriculture and improved crop varieties.
• BISA (Borlaug Institute for South Asia):
  • A collaborative initiative focusing on advancing agricultural research and extension in South Asia to benefit smallholders.

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22. Which three forest ranges were added to the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve by the National Board for Wildlife in 2025?
A) Matla, Gosaba, Raidighi
B) Ramganga, Jaldapara, Sundarbans
C) Matla, Raidighi, Ramganga
D) Sajnekhali, Matla, Gosaba
E) Ramganga, Gorumara, Buxa
Answer: C) Matla, Raidighi, Ramganga

Event and Location:

• Event: NBWL approval for Sundarbans Tiger Reserve expansion
• Location: South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India
• Date: August 2025 (approved), September 8, 2025 (announced)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) approved the integration of Matla, Raidighi, and Ramganga forest ranges into the Sundarbans Tiger Reserve (STR).
• Objectives:
  • To bring tiger-inhabited areas under unified management for better conservation
  • To facilitate structured implementation of NTCA guidelines
  • To enhance protection, funding, and patrolling efficiency
  • To increase the area of the STR, making it India’s second-largest Tiger Reserve

Important Terms Explained:

• National Board for Wildlife (NBWL):
  • A statutory board under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) responsible for wildlife conservation policy and project clearance.
• Sundarbans Tiger Reserve (STR):
  • A Project Tiger reserve in the Sundarbans delta, West Bengal, known for its unique mangrove habitat and Royal Bengal Tiger population.
• National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA):
  • A statutory body under MoEFCC that implements Project Tiger and regulates management of tiger reserves across India.

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23. What is the name of the newly launched ceramic waste art park in Khurja, Uttar Pradesh?
A) Mitti Kala Udyan
B) Shilpgram Park
C) Anokhi Duniya
D) Kalakriti Van
E) Mitti Sansaar
Answer: C) Anokhi Duniya

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Anokhi Duniya ceramic waste art park
• Location: Khurja, Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: September 12, 2025 (announced), opening by end of September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Uttar Pradesh government, under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, inaugurated Anokhi Duniya, a two-acre art park built entirely from over 80 tonnes of ceramic waste.
• Objectives:
  • Promote sustainable art and eco-friendly practices
  • Strengthen the One District One Product (ODOP) initiative
  • Boost local employment and tourism in Khurja, India’s ceramic hub
  • Showcase traditional craftsmanship and handicrafts globally

Important Terms Explained:

• Anokhi Duniya: The world’s first park constructed using ceramic waste, aimed at promoting sustainability and traditional craftsmanship.
• One District One Product (ODOP): A state-led initiative to identify and promote one unique product per district to boost local industries and exports.
• Public-Private Partnership (PPP): A collaborative investment model involving government and private sector participation for development projects.

Tabular Summary:

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24. Which Indian state was recently declared ‘fully literate’ with a 99.3% literacy rate in 2025?
A) Goa
B) Tripura
C) Mizoram
D) Himachal Pradesh
E) Kerala
Answer: D) Himachal Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Himachal Pradesh declared as a fully literate state
• Location: Himachal Pradesh, India
• Date: September 9, 2025 (announcement date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Himachal Pradesh was declared a fully literate state under the Ullas scheme after achieving 99.3% literacy.
  • The announcement was made by Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu on the occasion of International Literacy Day in Shimla.
• Objectives:
  • To recognize Himachal’s efforts in achieving near-universal literacy.
  • To promote education reforms, reduce teacher burden, and ensure zero dropout in schools.
  • To strengthen Himachal’s position in national education rankings and literacy efforts.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ullas Scheme:
  • A centrally sponsored scheme for adult education and literacy under the Ministry of Education, aimed at achieving 100% literacy through volunteer-based learning models.
• International Literacy Day:
  • Celebrated on September 8 annually to raise awareness and concern for literacy problems within communities.
• Student-Teacher Ratio:
  • A key educational parameter that Himachal ranks first in across India, reflecting better teacher availability per student.

Tabular Summary:

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25. Where has Engineers India Limited completed India’s first bamboo-based biorefinery project?
A) Bongaigaon
B) Guwahati
C) Dibrugarh
D) Numaligarh
E) Silchar
Answer: D) Numaligarh

Event and Location:

• Event: Mechanical completion of India’s first bamboo-based biorefinery project
• Location: Numaligarh, Assam
• Date: September 8, 2025 (announcement)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Engineers India Limited (EIL) completed mechanical work for a bamboo-based biorefinery project for Assam Bio Ethanol Private Limited (ABEPL).
  • The project was executed under EPCM (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Management) mode.
• Objectives:
  • To augment ethanol supply under the Ethanol Blending Programme (EBP).
  • To promote energy security, rural development, and low-carbon economy through bamboo-based biofuels.
  • To produce multiple bio-based chemicals from renewable bamboo resources, supporting Net Zero 2070 goals.

Important Terms Explained:

• EPCM (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction Management):
  • A project delivery method where the contractor manages all aspects from design to construction on behalf of the owner.
• Ethanol Blending Programme (EBP):
  • A government initiative to blend ethanol with petrol to reduce import dependence and carbon emissions. The target is 20% blending by 2025.
• Bamboo-based Biorefinery:
  • A plant that converts bamboo into bioethanol, acetic acid, and furfural, promoting renewable energy and circular economy.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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