Daily Current Affairs September 10

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Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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September 10 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 10

1. What is the theme for World Suicide Prevention Day 2025 under the 2024–2026 cycle?
A) Hope Through Action
B) Mental Health Matters
C) Preventing Suicide Together
D) Changing the Narrative
E) Talk, Care, Save Lives
Answer: D) Changing the Narrative

Event and Location:

• Event: World Suicide Prevention Day 2025 observed with a focus on mental health and suicide prevention
• Location: Global (with key emphasis on India’s mental health strategy)
• Date: September 10, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) and WHO observed World Suicide Prevention Day globally, urging action under the theme “Changing the Narrative.” India reinforced its National Suicide Prevention Strategy through multiple mental health programs and grassroots-level support.
• Objectives: The goal is to reduce stigma, encourage open dialogue on mental health, prioritize suicide prevention in public policy, and reduce suicide mortality by 10% by 2030.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD): Initiated in 2003 by the International Association for Suicide Prevention (IASP) and WHO, WSPD raises awareness and promotes global actions to prevent suicide.
• National Suicide Prevention Strategy (NSPS): India’s national policy launched in 2022 aims to reduce suicide rates by 10% by 2030 through integration of suicide prevention into public health, education, and social welfare systems.
• Tele-MANAS: A 24×7 tele-mental health service operated under the NSPS, offering free psychological support via 53 functioning cells across all states and UTs.
• District Mental Health Programme (DMHP): A national program providing mental health services at the district level, currently active in 767 districts across India.
• Manodarpan: A central initiative under the Ministry of Education offering psychosocial support to students and families through helplines, web resources, and school counseling services.

Tabular Summary:

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2. What was the theme of the Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority’s (IEPFA) 9th Foundation Day in 2025?
A) Financial Literacy for All
B) Protecting the Retail Investor
C) Claiming the Unclaimed
D) Financial Inclusion and Equity
E) Niveshak Samvad
Answer: C) Claiming the Unclaimed

Event and Location:

• Event: 9th Foundation Day of Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA)
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: September 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) celebrated its 9th Foundation Day by organizing a National Round Table focused on unlocking unclaimed financial assets and strengthening investor protection.
• Objectives: The event aimed to promote faster claim settlements, increase financial literacy, drive multi-agency coordination, and use technology and AI tools to empower investors and reduce idle capital in the economy.

Important Terms Explained:

• IEPFA (Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority): A statutory body under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, established in 2016 to manage unclaimed financial assets and promote investor awareness and protection.
• Panchtattva Vision: IEPFA’s five-pronged approach focused on:
  • Fast-tracking refunds
  • Leveraging AI for verification
  • Launching Niveshak Samadhan for grievance redressal
  • Expanding outreach through Niveshak Didi and Niveshak Shivirs
  • Strengthening IEPFA’s role as a financial trust anchor
• Niveshak Samadhan – Dial Your CEO: A new initiative allowing direct investor interaction with the IEPFA CEO to resolve grievances.
• Unclaimed Financial Assets: Idle or unclaimed dividends, shares, deposits, and debentures that are transferred to IEPFA after a statutory period, to be refunded to rightful investors.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 10

3. According to Moody’s, what is the estimated revenue loss due to India’s new GST reform in FY 2025–26?
A) ₹35,000 crore
B) ₹60,000 crore
C) ₹48,000 crore
D) ₹40,000 crore
E) ₹52,000 crore
Answer: C) ₹48,000 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Moody’s assessment of India’s new two-slab GST reform and its fiscal impact
• Location: India (applicable nationwide)
• Date: September 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Moody’s Ratings reviewed the Government of India’s decision to implement a simplified GST structure comprising two slabs—5% and 18%—along with a 40% rate for luxury items and tobacco, effective from September 22, 2025.
• Objectives: The aim is to stimulate private consumption, ease inflation, and streamline the tax system, although Moody’s warns of revenue loss and increased fiscal deficit, potentially worsening India’s debt affordability.

Important Terms Explained:

• GST (Goods and Services Tax): A unified indirect tax system implemented across India since 2017 to replace multiple cascading taxes, aiming to simplify compliance and improve transparency.
• Fiscal Consolidation: A strategy to reduce government deficits and debt accumulation through balanced budgets, efficient taxation, and controlled public spending.
• Interest-to-Revenue Ratio: A fiscal metric indicating the share of government revenue used to service interest payments; higher values reflect weaker debt affordability.
• Baa-Rated Sovereigns: Countries with medium investment-grade credit ratings. Moody’s compares India’s fiscal health with other Baa-rated peers to highlight risks.
• Make in India & Aatmanirbhar Bharat: Although not part of this reform, the broader economic policy environment includes initiatives to stimulate demand and domestic production.

Tabular Summary:

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4. What is the proposed excise tax rate under the US HIRE Act 2025 on offshore services benefiting US consumers?
A) 15%
B) 21%
C) 25%
D) 30%
E) 35%
Answer: C) 25%

Event and Location:

• Event: US proposes HIRE Act 2025 targeting offshore outsourcing with a 25% excise tax
• Location: United States (impacting Indian IT exports and global outsourcing)
• Date: September 9, 2025 (assessment); Effective from January 1, 2026 (if enacted)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The HIRE Act 2025 (Halting International Relocation of Employment) proposes a 25% excise tax on payments made by US companies to foreign service providers if the service benefits US consumers, along with the disallowance of related tax deductions.
• Objectives: The bill aims to disincentivize offshore outsourcing, promote domestic job creation, fund apprenticeship and reskilling programs, and restructure US corporate offshoring behavior.

Important Terms Explained:

• HIRE Act 2025: A proposed US legislation imposing a 25% excise tax on payments to foreign entities for services that directly or indirectly benefit US consumers, with the goal of halting offshoring of jobs.
• Excise Tax: A type of indirect tax charged on specific goods or services. In this context, it’s levied on payments to foreign service providers.
• Tax Deductibility Loss: Under the bill, such payments will not be deductible from US corporate income tax, effectively increasing the total tax burden to around 46% on affected transactions.
• Global Capability Centres (GCCs): Captive units of multinational corporations in countries like India that provide IT, finance, HR, and other business support services globally.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 10

5. Who was appointed as the Director of CSIR–NIScPR in September 2025?
A) Dr. M. Ravichandran
B) Dr. N. Kalaiselvi
C) Dr. Geetha Vani Rayasam
D) Dr. Shekhar Mande
E) Dr. Soumya Swaminathan
Answer: C) Dr. Geetha Vani Rayasam

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Dr. Geetha Vani Rayasam as Director of CSIR–NIScPR
• Location: CSIR–NIScPR, New Delhi, India
• Date: September 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Dr. Geetha Vani Rayasam has taken over as the new Director of the CSIR–National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR), succeeding leadership to advance India’s science communication and policy landscape.
• Objectives: Her vision is to foster agile STI (Science, Technology, and Innovation) policies, expand digital science communication, promote inclusive outreach, and align institutional strategies with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and global priorities.

Important Terms Explained:

• CSIR–NIScPR: The National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), focuses on STI policy, public engagement, and publishing scientific literature to shape evidence-based decision-making.
• STI Policy (Science, Technology and Innovation): A national strategy that guides research, development, and innovation frameworks. An agile STI policy is responsive to emerging global trends and societal needs.
• Citizen Science: A participatory research model where non-scientists contribute to scientific data collection and analysis, enabling wider societal engagement in scientific pursuits.
• SMCC & SVASTIK:
  • SMCC (Science Media Communication Cell): A NIScPR initiative to connect scientists with the media and public for accurate science reporting.
  • SVASTIK (Scientifically Validated Societal Traditional Knowledge): A campaign to document and disseminate traditional Indian knowledge validated by science.

Tabular Summary:

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6. Who has been appointed as the new Prime Minister of France after François Bayrou was ousted in September 2025?
A) Marine Le Pen
B) Gérald Darmanin
C) Sébastien Lecornu
D) Nicolas Sarkozy
E) Bruno Le Maire
Answer: C) Sébastien Lecornu

Event and Location:

• Event: Sébastien Lecornu appointed as new Prime Minister of France
• Location: France
• Date: 9 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: President Emmanuel Macron appointed Sébastien Lecornu as Prime Minister of France, replacing François Bayrou, who was ousted via a no-confidence vote.
• Objectives: The primary goal is to preserve Macron’s pro-business and reformist agenda, pass a new 2026 budget, and stabilize a minority government while navigating rising public dissent and political fragmentation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Prime Minister: The head of government in France, responsible for executing domestic policies, managing the cabinet, and directing legislative priorities within the framework set by the President.
• No-confidence vote: A parliamentary procedure whereby a government can be ousted if it loses the support of the legislative majority. François Bayrou lost such a vote over unpopular austerity policies.
• National Rally (RN): A far-right political party in France led by Marine Le Pen, gaining influence in recent years. Lecornu’s discreet ties with RN leaders raise concerns about future alliances.
• “Block Everything” Protests: Ongoing mass public demonstrations in France, reflecting public discontent with rising inflation, inequality, and the government’s perceived bias toward elite interests.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs September 10

7. Where was the new Regional Testing Laboratory (RTL) of the Central Power Research Institute (CPRI) inaugurated in September 2025?
A) Pune
B) Bhopal
C) Nagpur
D) Nashik
E) Surat
Answer: D) Nashik

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of CPRI’s new Regional Testing Laboratory (RTL)
• Location: Nashik, Maharashtra
• Date: 10 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Establish a state-of-the-art electrical equipment testing facility for western India
• Objectives: Accelerate power sector growth, ensure quality assurance, and reduce testing turnaround time for electrical equipment

Important Terms Explained:

• CPRI (Central Power Research Institute): An autonomous society under the Ministry of Power that provides testing, certification, and R&D support for India’s power sector
• Regional Testing Laboratory (RTL): Specialized facility offering testing services for power and electrical equipment including transformers, energy meters, and smart meters
• Transformer Oil Testing: A diagnostic tool used to ensure the proper functioning and insulation quality of electrical transformers

Tabular Summary:

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8. What is the name of the wastewater treatment system developed by JSP Enviro, an IIT Madras-incubated startup?
A) EcoClean Pro
B) AquaPure X
C) BEADS
D) HydroSmart Bio
E) CleanFlow Alpha
Answer: C) BEADS

Event and Location:

• Event: Deployment of BEADS™ wastewater treatment technology by IIT Madras-incubated JSP Enviro
• Location: Tamil Nadu (Erode and Perundurai)
• Date: 10 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Development and successful industrial deployment of BEADS™ – Bio-Electrochemical Anaerobic Digestor System
• Objectives: Provide a sustainable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient wastewater treatment solution for Indian industries, reduce carbon footprint, and promote climate-tech innovations

Important Terms Explained:

• BEADS™: Bio-Electrochemical Anaerobic Digestor System, a next-gen wastewater treatment system that works without oxygen or chemicals, integrating microbial treatment and electrodes to generate energy while treating effluents
• SIPCOT: State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu, an industrial region supporting various sectors including textiles and dyeing
• Carbon Credit: A permit allowing a company to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide; unused credits can be traded or sold, incentivizing emission reduction
• Climate Launchpad: The world’s largest green business competition where JSP Enviro won 2nd place, making it the first Indian startup to win funding from a European climate-based accelerator

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 10

9. Which regiment is leading the Indian Army contingent in Exercise ZAPAD 2025 held in Russia?
A) GORKHA Regiment
B) MARATHA Light Infantry
C) KUMAON Regiment
D) SIKH Regiment
E) JAT Regiment
Answer: C) KUMAON Regiment

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian Armed Forces participate in multilateral military Exercise ZAPAD 2025
• Location: Mulino Training Ground, Nizhniy, Russia
• Date: September 10–16, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: A 65-member Indian Armed Forces contingent has departed for Russia to take part in Exercise ZAPAD 2025, with the Indian Army’s KUMAON Regiment leading the deployment.
• Objectives: The exercise aims to enhance military interoperability, conduct joint tactical and counter-terrorism operations, and foster cooperation in multi-domain and multinational warfare scenarios.

Important Terms Explained:

• Exercise ZAPAD: A multilateral joint military exercise hosted by Russia, focusing on high-intensity combat simulations, inter-operability among participating nations, and counter-terrorism strategies.
• KUMAON Regiment: One of the most decorated infantry regiments of the Indian Army, known for its bravery and distinguished service in mountain warfare and counter-insurgency.
• Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs): Standardised operational doctrines shared among military forces to ensure coordination in joint missions and battlefield adaptability.
• Multinational Command Structures: Command and control systems that integrate forces from multiple countries under a unified mission strategy, promoting coordinated military response.

Tabular Summary:

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10. What is the name of the 11th ACTCM Barge launched by the Indian Navy in September 2025?
A) LSAM 20
B) INS Varsha
C) LSAM 25
D) ACTCM 11
E) LSAM Vikrant
Answer: C) LSAM 25

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of 11th ACTCM Barge LSAM 25 by the Indian Navy
• Location: M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt Ltd, Thane, Maharashtra
• Date: September 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Navy launched its 11th Ammunition Cum Torpedo Cum Missile (ACTCM) Barge, named LSAM 25, from Thane-based MSME shipyard M/s Suryadipta Projects Pvt Ltd, under a contract awarded in 2021.
• Objectives: The launch aims to strengthen India’s naval logistical capabilities through indigenous shipbuilding, ensure efficient armament transport, and promote Make in India and Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiatives in defence manufacturing.

Important Terms Explained:

• ACTCM Barge: A naval auxiliary vessel specifically built for the transport of ammunition, torpedoes, and missiles to warships and naval bases, enhancing mission readiness and logistical efficiency.
• Make in India: A Government of India initiative launched in 2014 to promote domestic manufacturing across sectors, including defence, by encouraging investments and reducing import dependence.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A vision to make India self-reliant across sectors, especially in strategic areas like defence production, through innovation, MSME support, and indigenous development.
• Indian Register of Shipping (IRS): A national classification society that provides certification and quality assurance for Indian vessels, ensuring adherence to global maritime standards.
• Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL): A premier DRDO lab based in Visakhapatnam, responsible for testing and evaluating underwater weapons, naval systems, and ship models.

Tabular Summary:

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11. What is SAMBHAV, recently used by the Indian Army during Operation Sindoor?
A) An AI-based battlefield drone system
B) A secure military messaging platform
C) An encrypted satellite surveillance system
D) A mountain warfare training doctrine
E) A ballistic missile guidance software
Answer: B) A secure military messaging platform

Event and Location:

• Event: Deployment of SAMBHAV secure communication system by Indian Army
• Location: Jammu and Kashmir (during Operation Sindoor)
• Date: First operational use in May 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Indian Army deployed SAMBHAV to replace foreign messaging apps like WhatsApp during Operation Sindoor, ensuring secure communication in a high-risk conflict zone.
  • Around 30,000 devices were distributed to officers across operational and strategic units.
• Objectives:
  • To achieve technological self-reliance in defense communication.
  • To secure military communication channels against cyber threats and foreign surveillance.
  • To demonstrate the capability of indigenous technology under real-world operational stress.

Important Terms Explained:

• SAMBHAV (Secure Army Mobile Bharat Version):
  • An indigenous, encrypted 5G mobile communication ecosystem developed under Atmanirbhar Bharat.
  • Designed specifically for the Indian Army, compatible with telecom networks like Jio and Airtel.
  • Includes preloaded internal directories and the M Sigma app, India’s secure messaging alternative.
• Operation Sindoor:
  • A military response initiated by the Indian Army in May 2025 after a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir.
  • Notable for being the first real-world deployment of SAMBHAV for communication.
• M Sigma App:
  • A secure Indian messaging app embedded in SAMBHAV phones, designed as an alternative to WhatsApp, supporting encrypted messaging and file transfer.
• Cyber Sovereignty:
  • A national strategy where a country ensures control over its cyber infrastructure, data, and digital tools, especially critical in military and strategic domains.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 10

12. How much central relief assistance was announced by PM Modi for flood-hit Punjab in September 2025?
A) ₹1,200 crore
B) ₹2,000 crore
C) ₹1,600 crore
D) ₹1,000 crore
E) ₹1,800 crore
Answer: C) ₹1,600 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: PM Modi announced ₹1,600 crore central relief for flood-hit Punjab
• Location: Punjab (aerial survey and meeting in Gurdaspur)
• Date: September 10, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: PM Modi conducted an aerial survey of flood-affected areas in Punjab and chaired a high-level meeting in Gurdaspur, announcing ₹1,600 crore as central relief assistance for flood recovery.
• Objectives: The aim is to provide swift financial aid for relief, rehabilitation, and infrastructure restoration in flood-affected areas, and to support farmers, children, and citizens impacted by the natural calamity.

Important Terms Explained:

• PM Kisan Samman Nidhi: A central sector scheme providing ₹6,000 annually in three installments to eligible small and marginal farmers through direct benefit transfer.
• PM CARES for Children: A welfare initiative offering financial and educational support to children who lost parents due to calamities or disasters.
• PM Awas Yojana – Gramin: A rural housing scheme aimed at providing pucca houses with basic amenities to the homeless and those living in kutcha houses in rural India.
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY): A centrally sponsored scheme for strengthening infrastructure in agriculture and allied sectors through state government planning.
• Per Drop More Crop: A component under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) focused on micro-irrigation to improve water use efficiency in the farm sector.
• Jal Sanchay Jan Bhagidari: A participatory water conservation initiative promoting rainwater harvesting and aquifer recharge structures across India.

Tabular Summary:

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13. How much central assistance did PM Modi announce for flood-affected Himachal Pradesh in September 2025?
A) ₹2,000 crore
B) ₹1,200 crore
C) ₹1,500 crore
D) ₹1,000 crore
E) ₹1,800 crore
Answer: C) ₹1,500 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Central government announces ₹1,500 crore relief package for flood-hit Himachal Pradesh
• Location: Himachal Pradesh (Aerial survey and review in Kangra)
• Date: September 10, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi conducted an aerial survey and chaired a high-level review meeting in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, announcing ₹1,500 crore in relief assistance for flood-affected regions.
• Objectives: The central assistance aims to support rapid housing reconstruction, infrastructure restoration, farmer livelihoods, and educational recovery, while ensuring transparency and speed through geotagging-based fund release.

Important Terms Explained:

• State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF): A disaster management fund provided by the Centre to states for effective emergency response and rehabilitation after natural calamities.
• PM Kisan Samman Nidhi: A centrally funded income support scheme providing ₹6,000 per year in three equal instalments to eligible farmers.
• PM Awas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G): A flagship housing scheme offering financial assistance to build pucca houses for rural families without adequate shelter.
• Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan: An integrated scheme for school education covering pre-primary to Class 12, focusing on quality improvement and infrastructure repair in government schools.
• Geotagging: The use of location-based technology to mark the exact coordinates of structures and affected sites, enabling faster and accountable fund release and monitoring.

Tabular Summary:

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14. What is the theme of the Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) 2025 campaign?
A) Clean India Green India
B) Festive Swachhata Drive
C) Swacchotsav
D) Green Fest 2025
E) Waste-Free Bharat
Answer: C) Swacchotsav

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Swachhata Hi Seva 2025 campaign themed “Swacchotsav”
• Location: Nationwide (India – urban and rural coverage)
• Date: September 17 to October 2, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) and the Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS), Ministry of Jal Shakti, are jointly launching Swacchotsav 2025 under the Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) campaign to promote community-led cleanliness during the festive season.
• Objectives: The initiative seeks to integrate festive celebrations with environmental responsibility by encouraging clean events, eliminating legacy waste, empowering sanitation workers, and reinforcing cleanliness as a lifestyle habit.

Important Terms Explained:

• Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS): An annual cleanliness campaign under the Swachh Bharat Mission, aimed at mass mobilization of citizens towards sanitation goals in the lead-up to Gandhi Jayanti.
• Swacchotsav: The theme of SHS 2025, promoting clean and green festivities, citizen engagement, sustainable waste practices, and dignity for sanitation workers.
• Legacy Dumpsite Elimination: A key focus area involving remediation of old dumpsites to reduce environmental hazards and promote circular waste management.
• Cleanliness Target Units (CTUs): Specific public places such as markets, transport hubs, and celebration venues that will be identified and maintained for visible cleanliness during the campaign.
• SafaiMitra Suraksha Shivir: A welfare initiative to ensure the safety, dignity, and well-being of sanitation workers during the Swacchotsav campaign through targeted outreach programs and support systems.

Tabular Summary:

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15. What is the full form of the ASPIRE initiative launched through the iDEX-DIO and EdCIL partnership?
A) Advanced Strategy for Progress in Innovation and Research in Education
B) Accelerated Solutions for Public Innovation and Research Enterprise
C) Accelerating Strategic Progress in Research and Education
D) Applied Systems for Policy Innovation in Rural Education
E) Alliance for Sustainable Progress in Innovation and Research
Answer: C) Accelerating Strategic Progress in Research and Education

Event and Location:

• Event: iDEX-DIO and EdCIL sign MoU to launch ASPIRE Program for dual-use technology development
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: September 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Innovations for Defence Excellence – Defence Innovation Organisation (iDEX-DIO) and EdCIL (India) Ltd signed an MoU to jointly launch ASPIRE (Accelerating Strategic Progress in Research and Education) to foster dual-use innovations.
• Objectives: The program aims to merge defence innovation with education sector growth, promote civil-military tech convergence, empower start-ups and academia, and boost indigenous dual-use technology for self-reliant national progress.

Important Terms Explained:

• iDEX (Innovations for Defence Excellence): A flagship initiative under the Ministry of Defence, launched in 2018 to promote innovation and technology development in defence and aerospace by engaging startups and MSMEs.
• ASPIRE: A collaborative initiative focused on developing dual-use technologies that cater to both defence and civilian needs, enabling innovation across sectors like ed-tech, security, and infrastructure.
• EdCIL (India) Limited: A Mini Ratna Category-I CPSE under the Ministry of Education, specializing in education consultancy, digital solutions, and international academic partnerships with a strong track record of project execution and revenue growth.
• Dual-Use Technologies: Innovations that serve both defence and civilian purposes, such as AI-based education platforms, cybersecurity solutions, and simulation tools adaptable for both sectors.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which of the following is not a key focus area under the MoU signed between Coal India and NSTFDC for Eklavya Model Residential Schools?
A) Career mentorship
B) Digital infrastructure
C) Sports training
D) Menstrual hygiene
E) Teacher capacity building
Answer: C) Sports training

Event and Location:

• Event: Coal India and NSTFDC sign MoU to empower tribal students through holistic support in EMRS institutions
• Location: New Delhi (applicable across coal-bearing and tribal districts of India)
• Date: September 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Coal India Limited (CIL) and the National Scheduled Tribe Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) have signed an MoU to implement a nationwide initiative for tribal student empowerment in Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS).
• Objectives: The initiative aims to promote inclusive education, digital empowerment, career readiness, healthcare for girls, and teacher training to improve learning outcomes and bridge socio-economic gaps among tribal youth.

Important Terms Explained:

• Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS): A government initiative under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, these are fully residential schools for tribal students from Class VI to XII, aimed at providing quality education in remote areas.
• NSTFDC: The National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation is a PSU under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, providing financial and developmental support to scheduled tribes.
• Digital Access Program: Under the MoU, students will receive desktops, tablets, and UPS systems to boost digital literacy and e-learning participation in tribal regions.
• Menstrual Hygiene Management: Installation of sanitary napkin vending machines and incinerators in schools to promote girl students’ health, attendance, and dignity.
  Teacher Capacity Building: Faculty training in digital pedagogy, inclusive teaching practices, and career guidance delivery to improve classroom engagement and effectiveness.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which Indian cities received Wetland City Accreditation under the Ramsar Convention in 2025?
A) Agra and Surat
B) Indore and Udaipur
C) Jabalpur and Jhansi
D) Amravati and Dewas
E) Moradabad and Alwar
Answer: B) Indore and Udaipur

Event and Location:

• Event: Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan Awards 2025 and Wetland Cities Recognition Ceremony
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: September 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change organized the Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2025 to honor top-performing cities under the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP) and recognized Indore and Udaipur for achieving Wetland City Accreditation under the Ramsar Convention.
• Objectives: The goal is to promote clean air, sustainable urban management, wetland conservation, and public engagement through recognition, funding, and performance-based incentives.

Important Terms Explained:

• Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan: An annual performance ranking of cities under the NCAP, assessing efforts in air pollution reduction, public transport, green cover, waste management, and innovation.
• NCAP (National Clean Air Programme): Launched in 2019 by the MoEFCC, it targets a 20–30% reduction in PM10 and PM2.5 levels by 2024 across 130 non-attainment cities through policy reforms, monitoring, and city-specific action plans.
• Wetland City Accreditation: An international recognition under the Ramsar Convention given to cities demonstrating excellence in urban wetland conservation, community involvement, and sustainable tourism.
• Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam: A tree plantation campaign launched under Seva Parv aiming to plant 75 crore saplings between September 17 and October 2, 2025.
• Circular Economy: A system that promotes reuse, reduce, recycle practices instead of linear waste disposal, supporting environmental sustainability.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Which institution signed an MoU with SAI-NCSSR in September 2025 to promote sports science and indigenous innovation?
A) IIT Bombay
B) NIS Patiala
C) IIT Delhi
D) DRDO
E) AIIMS Delhi
Answer: C) IIT Delhi

Event and Location:

• Event: MoU signed between SAI–NCSSR and IIT Delhi to promote sports science and indigenous equipment development
• Location: IIT Delhi, New Delhi
• Date: September 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Sports Authority of India’s National Centre of Sports Science Research (SAI–NCSSR) and IIT Delhi signed an MoU to integrate sports science with engineering research, aimed at boosting India’s sports ecosystem through self-reliant innovation.
• Objectives: To enhance athlete performance, promote Swadeshi sports equipment, support injury prevention and rehabilitation, and foster scientific collaboration between academia and sports institutions, including inclusive development for para-athletes.

Important Terms Explained:

• SAI–NCSSR: The National Centre of Sports Science Research, a wing of the Sports Authority of India (SAI), promotes advanced research in sports science, biomechanics, and performance optimization.
• IIT Delhi: A premier engineering institute in India, now collaborating with SAI to contribute R&D expertise in biomechanics, innovation, and indigenous sports tech development.
• Biomechanics Laboratory: A high-tech facility inaugurated at IIT Delhi to study human movement, improve athletic training, and provide real-time analytics for performance and injury reduction.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat: A national mission aimed at making India self-reliant by boosting indigenous production across sectors, including sports technology.
• Garv se Swadeshi: A government vision to promote pride in using domestically developed technologies and goods, especially in strategic areas like defence, health, and sports.

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19. Where is the 11th CPA India Region Conference, inaugurated by Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla, being held from 11–13 September 2025?
A) New Delhi
B) Hyderabad
C) Bengaluru
D) Chennai
E) Mumbai
Answer: C) Bengaluru

Event and Location:

• Event: 11th Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) India Region Conference
• Location: Vidhana Soudha, Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Date: 11–13 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Inauguration of the 11th CPA India Region Conference by Lok Sabha Speaker Shri Om Birla, who is also Chairperson of CPA India Region.
  • Hosting of delegates including Presiding Officers, Speakers, Deputy Speakers, and Secretaries from State/UT legislatures.
  • Key sessions to include the inaugural, plenary, and valedictory addresses.
• Objectives:
  • To deliberate on the theme of debates and discussions in legislatures as a way to build public trust and meet people’s expectations.
  • To strengthen parliamentary practices, share experiences, and adopt best practices across legislatures in the India Region.
  • To promote democratic values and institutional resilience through constructive engagement among legislative leaders.

Important Terms Explained:

• Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA):
  • An international body established to promote the advancement of parliamentary democracy by enhancing knowledge and understanding of democratic governance.
• CPA India Region:
  • The Indian chapter of CPA, which includes all Indian State Legislatures and the Parliament of India, aimed at promoting inter-legislative dialogue and democratic best practices.
• Vidhana Soudha:
  • The seat of the Karnataka State Legislature, known for hosting important legislative events, located in Bengaluru.
• Presiding Officers:
  • Speakers and Chairpersons of legislative bodies responsible for maintaining decorum and functioning of the House.

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20. What is the total cost approved for the doubling of the Bhagalpur–Dumka–Rampurhat railway line project?
A) ₹2,590 crore
B) ₹3,169 crore
C) ₹2,800 crore
D) ₹3,720 crore
E) ₹4,050 crore
Answer: B) ₹3,169 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Cabinet approves doubling of Bhagalpur–Dumka–Rampurhat railway line
• Location: Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal
• Date: 10 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved the doubling of a 177 km single railway line section between Bhagalpur, Dumka, and Rampurhat.
• Objectives: The project aims to ease congestion, increase line capacity, boost freight movement, support tourism and pilgrimage, and improve regional connectivity under PM Gati Shakti.

Important Terms Explained:

• PM Gati Shakti: A central government initiative launched in 2021 to integrate and expedite infrastructure projects, enhancing logistics efficiency through multi-modal connectivity.
• Multi-tracking: A railway infrastructure upgrade involving doubling or tripling of tracks to allow simultaneous train movement, reduce delays, and boost freight capacity.
• Aspirational Districts: A government program led by NITI Aayog that focuses on rapid development in backward districts using indicators like health, education, and agriculture.

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21. What is the total outlay approved for the Mokama–Munger section of the Buxar–Bhagalpur High-Speed Corridor?
A) ₹5,125.42 crore
B) ₹4,447.38 crore
C) ₹3,902.80 crore
D) ₹4,850.00 crore
E) ₹3,765.25 crore
Answer: B) ₹4,447.38 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Cabinet approves construction of 4-lane greenfield Mokama–Munger highway section
• Location: Bihar (Mokama, Barahiya, Lakhisarai, Jamalpur, Munger, Bhagalpur)
• Date: 10 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Cabinet approved construction of an 82.4 km 4-lane greenfield access-controlled section between Mokama and Munger under the Buxar–Bhagalpur High-Speed Corridor on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM).
• Objectives: The goal is to boost industrial connectivity, reduce travel time, enhance freight movement, and promote regional development in Eastern Bihar’s emerging industrial belt.

Important Terms Explained:

• Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM): A PPP model combining EPC and BOT-Annuity, where the government pays 40% of the project cost during construction and the remaining 60% as annuities over 15–20 years, ensuring risk-sharing.
• Greenfield Corridor: A newly developed road built on undeveloped land to create direct, high-speed, access-controlled routes, minimizing urban traffic interference.
• Access-Controlled Highway: A highway where access is regulated via designated entry and exit points (toll booths), enhancing road safety and allowing higher speeds.

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22. On its 114th Foundation Day, which organization launched new AI-driven testing facilities and issued India’s first drone certificates?
A) CSIR
B) BIS
C) National Test House
D) DRDO
E) FSSAI
Answer: C) National Test House

Event and Location:

• Event: 114th Foundation Day of National Test House (NTH)
• Location: Kolkata, Ghaziabad, and across India
• Date: 10 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of new AI-based and digital testing facilities, drone certification, signing of strategic MoUs, and distribution of NTH Annual Excellence Awards.
• Objectives: To modernize India’s testing and certification ecosystem, promote Atmanirbhar Bharat, support emerging industries like EVs, drones, and renewable energy, and align with the Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Test House (NTH): India’s premier institution for testing, certification, and quality assurance, established in 1911 in Kolkata.
• LDAS (Laboratory Data Automation System): A digital initiative to minimize manual errors, reduce test turnaround time, and improve lab efficiency.
• Zero Defect Zero Effect: A national mission promoting high-quality products with no negative environmental impact.

Tabular Summary:

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23. Who recently inaugurated and laid the foundation stone for development projects worth ₹66 crore in Sanand, Gujarat?
A) Bhupendra Patel
B) Narendra Modi
C) Amit Shah
D) Mansukh Mandaviya
E) Harsh Sanghavi
Answer: C) Amit Shah

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration and foundation stone laying for ₹66 crore worth development projects
• Location: Sanand Assembly constituency, Gujarat
• Date: 10 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch and foundation laying of 52 development projects including afforestation, roads, schools, and water supply systems
• Objectives: Enhance basic infrastructure, promote industrial growth, improve irrigation and drinking water facilities, and support environmental sustainability in Sanand

Important Terms Explained:

• Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam: A nationwide tree plantation campaign launched by PM Narendra Modi encouraging citizens to plant trees in memory of their mothers
• Dholera Special Investment Region (SIR): A planned industrial city in Gujarat aimed at promoting global-scale industrial infrastructure
• SEMICON India 2025: A national semiconductor event where India’s first 32-bit chip ‘Vikram-32’ was launched
• Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): A mandate for companies to invest a portion of profits into social development activities

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24. Where is the National Conference on “Holistic Development of Districts” being held from 11–12 September 2025?
A) Jaipur
B) Ranchi
C) Patna
D) Lucknow
E) Bhopal
Answer: C) Patna

Event and Location:

• Event: National Conference on “Holistic Development of Districts”
• Location: Patna, Bihar
• Date: 11–12 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Organize a two-day national-level conference to showcase and disseminate award-winning and shortlisted governance practices from districts across India
• Objectives: Promote innovation, integrated service delivery, and citizen-centric governance by facilitating cross-learning among district administrations

Important Terms Explained:

• DARPG (Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances): The nodal agency under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions, responsible for improving administrative efficiency and service delivery
• PM’s Awards for Excellence in Public Administration: Annual awards conferred to recognize outstanding governance practices at the district and organizational levels
• Holistic Development of Districts: Integrated planning and execution of programs across multiple sectors like health, education, infrastructure, and governance to improve overall district performance
• IIPA (Indian Institute of Public Administration): Premier institution providing training and policy support for public administration and governance

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25. What is the name of the digital learning platform launched by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to promote tribal artforms and culture?
A) Van Sanskriti
B) Adi Vikas Portal
C) Tribal Connect
D) Adi Sanskriti
E) Adivasi Shiksha
Answer: D) Adi Sanskriti

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Beta Version of Adi Sanskriti Digital Platform
• Location: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
• Date: 10 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of a comprehensive digital platform to preserve and promote tribal art, heritage, and livelihoods
• Objectives: Empower tribal communities through digital education, cultural documentation, and online marketplaces for sustainable livelihood

Important Terms Explained:

• Adi Sanskriti: A digital learning platform launched by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs integrating education, cultural documentation, and e-commerce for tribal communities
• Adi Vishwavidyalaya: A digital Tribal Art Academy offering immersive courses on dance, painting, crafts, music, and folklore
• Adi Sampada: A socio-cultural repository with over 5,000 curated resources covering traditional tribal artforms and practices
• Adi Haat: An online marketplace linked with TRIFED for showcasing and selling tribal artisan products
• Adi Vaani: An AI-based translator tool developed earlier for preserving and promoting tribal languages

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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