Daily Current Affairs October 24

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October 24 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 24

1. When is United Nations Day celebrated annually to commemorate the founding of the UN?
A) October 1
B) October 16
C) October 24
D) November 14
E) December 10
Answer: C) October 24

Event and Location:

• Event: United Nations Day 2025 observed globally
• Location: Worldwide
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Observe the anniversary of the founding of the United Nations Organisation (UNO)
  • Promote awareness of the UN Charter and reaffirm commitment to global peace and cooperation
• Objectives:
  • Maintain international peace and security
  • Promote human rights, social justice, and sustainable development
  • Reduce global poverty, inequality, and encourage use of renewable energy
  • Advocate for equal rights regardless of race, gender, or nationality

Important Terms Explained:

• United Nations (UN):
  • An international organisation founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, development, and cooperation among nations.
• UN Charter:
  • The foundational treaty of the United Nations signed in San Francisco in 1945 by 50 countries, establishing the framework for international relations and peacekeeping.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
  • A set of 17 global goals adopted in 2015 by UN member states aimed at ending poverty, protecting the planet, and ensuring prosperity for all by 2030.
• UNSC (United Nations Security Council):
  • One of the six principal organs of the UN, responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It has five permanent members: USA, UK, France, Russia, and China (P5).

Tabular Summary:

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2. When is World Development Information Day observed each year to promote the use of ICT in global development?
A) October 17
B) December 10
C) October 24
D) November 14
E) May 17
Answer: C) October 24

Event and Location:

• Event: World Development Information Day 2025 observed to promote use of ICT for global development
• Location: Global observance
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • To observe the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in solving development challenges
  • To raise public awareness about global development issues and cooperation
• Objectives:
  • Promote equitable access to information and technology
  • Empower citizens through digital inclusion
  • Foster international cooperation using media and ICT tools
  • Enhance informed decision-making through accurate data flow

Important Terms Explained:

• World Development Information Day:
  • An annual UN observance on October 24 that promotes awareness about development challenges and the importance of using ICT for sustainable growth.
• Information and Communication Technology (ICT):
  • A broad term for technology tools like the internet, telecommunications, and digital platforms that help transmit, store, and process information for social and economic development.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
  • A collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations in 2015 to address poverty, inequality, environmental degradation, and ensure prosperity for all by 2030, with ICT being a key enabler.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs October 24

3. What was the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) achieved by Thoothukudi district for higher education in 2025–2026?
A) 94.25 percent
B) 95.50 percent
C) 96.15 percent
D) 97.00 percent
E) 98.10 percent
Answer: C) 96.15 percent

Event and Location:

• Event: Thoothukudi records 96.15% Gross Enrolment Ratio in higher education
• Location: Thoothukudi district, Tamil Nadu, India
• Date: October 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Thoothukudi district administration reported that 18,130 out of 18,855 Class XII pass-outs from 2024–2025 academic year enrolled in higher education for 2025–2026.
• Objectives: To showcase effective student transition from school to higher education and measure educational development through high enrolment rates.

Important Terms Explained:

• Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER): A statistical measure used in education to determine the total enrolment in a particular level of education—regardless of age—expressed as a percentage of the eligible official school-age population for that level.
• Supplementary Examination: An additional exam held for students who did not pass one or more subjects in the regular board examination, offering them a second chance to qualify.
• Higher Education: Post-secondary education typically including universities, colleges, and other institutions that offer academic degrees or professional certifications.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs October 24

4. According to RBI’s latest Payment Systems Report, which digital payment mode accounted for the highest volume of transactions in India during H1 2025?
A) NEFT
B) IMPS
C) UPI
D) RTGS
E) BBPS
Answer: C) UPI

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI highlights exponential growth in digital transactions with UPI leading in volume
• Location: India (Report released in New Delhi)
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the Payment Systems Report for the half year ending June 2025, detailing the progress and composition of India’s digital payment landscape.
• Objectives: To analyze trends in digital payment adoption, assess the role of various platforms like UPI, RTGS, and NEFT, and highlight the ongoing shift towards a cashless economy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Unified Payments Interface (UPI): A real-time payment system developed by NPCI that enables instant fund transfer between bank accounts through mobile devices. In H1 2025, UPI handled 85% of the total transaction volume in India.
• Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS): A high-value payment system where the transfer of funds occurs in real time and on a gross basis; used for large-value corporate or inter-bank transfers. Accounted for 69% of transaction value.
• Payment Systems Report: A biannual publication by RBI that reviews digital and physical payment trends, platform performance, and financial inclusion metrics in India.

Tabular Summary:

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5. What is the total amount sanctioned by the World Bank for the Kerala Health System Improvement Programme?
A) $150 million
B) $200 million
C) $280 million
D) $350 million
E) $500 million
Answer: C) $280 million

Event and Location:

• Event: World Bank sanctions $280 million for Kerala’s elderly health improvement programme
• Location: Kerala, India
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The World Bank approved a $280 million loan to fund the Kerala Health System Improvement Programme, aiming to modernize and strengthen Kerala’s public healthcare system for the elderly and vulnerable populations.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance healthcare access and quality for 1.1 crore elderly and vulnerable individuals
  • To strengthen digital health infrastructure, e-health services, and data platforms
  • To implement climate-resilient and community-based care models
  • To reduce mortality through better screening and chronic disease management

Important Terms Explained:

• Kerala Health System Improvement Programme: A World Bank-supported initiative to build a resilient, inclusive, and tech-enabled health system targeting Kerala’s elderly and chronically ill population.
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD): A part of the World Bank Group that lends to middle-income and credit-worthy low-income countries.
• One Health Approach: A collaborative effort to achieve optimal health outcomes by recognizing the interconnection between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 24

6. What was the key factor behind the slowdown in India’s private sector growth in October 2025?
A) Rise in government employment
B) Strong recovery in US exports
C) Lower input costs
D) Weaker demand and higher output prices
E) Fall in global fuel prices
Answer: D) Weaker demand and higher output prices

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s private sector growth slows to five-month low
• Location: Pan-India
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: A flash survey by HSBC and S&P Global measured the performance of India’s manufacturing and services sectors using the Composite Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI).
• Objectives: To monitor trends in demand, output pricing, and business optimism in India’s private sector economy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI): A monthly indicator of business conditions in manufacturing and services sectors; a value above 50 indicates expansion, while below 50 indicates contraction.
• HSBC Flash PMI: A preliminary version of the PMI index using around 85–90% of survey responses to provide early insight into private sector performance.
• Output Prices: The prices at which businesses sell their goods or services; an increase reflects cost pass-through or inflationary pressure on end consumers.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Which company awarded Bondada Engineering a ₹1,050 crore contract for a solar project in Gujarat?
A) Tata Power
B) NTPC Solar
C) Adani Green Energy
D) Reliance Renewables
E) ReNew Power
Answer: C) Adani Green Energy

Event and Location:

• Event: Bondada Engineering receives ₹1,050 crore solar project contract
• Location: Hyderabad (Company HQ) and Khavda Renewable Energy Park, Gujarat
• Date: October 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Bondada Engineering, based in Hyderabad, has received a Letter of Intent (LoI) from Adani Green Energy and Adani Green Energy Six for a ₹1,050 crore solar project contract.
• Objectives: To supply Balance of System (BOS) components and services for a 650 MW solar power project at Khavda Renewable Energy Park, supporting India’s renewable energy expansion.

Important Terms Explained:

• Balance of System (BOS): Refers to all supporting components and equipment needed to deliver solar power apart from the solar panels—includes wiring, switches, mounting systems, inverters, etc.
• Letter of Intent (LoI): A document indicating a company’s intention to enter into a formal agreement or contract, confirming the award of work.
• Khavda Renewable Energy Park: One of the world’s largest renewable energy projects located in Gujarat, being developed by Adani Group to support India’s clean energy goals.

Tabular Summary:

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8. Which Indian state is set to receive a ₹1 lakh crore investment from Vedanta Group for industrial expansion?
A) Gujarat
B) Maharashtra
C) Odisha
D) Jharkhand
E) Chhattisgarh
Answer: C) Odisha

Event and Location:

• Event: Vedanta announces ₹1 lakh crore investment plan, including new industrial units
• Location: Odisha, India (Keonjhar, Jharsuguda, Dhenkanal, Rayagada, and other districts)
• Date: October 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Vedanta Group chairman Anil Agarwal met Odisha CM Mohan Majhi to unveil a ₹1 lakh crore investment roadmap over the next few years in sectors such as aluminium, ferro-alloys, and mining.
• Objectives: To expand Vedanta’s industrial footprint in Odisha through new plants, boost value-added manufacturing, generate employment, and support Odisha’s goal of becoming a $500 billion economy by 2036.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ferro-alloy Plant: A manufacturing facility that produces ferro-alloys, which are essential additives in steelmaking. Vedanta’s proposed ₹2,000 crore plant in Keonjhar will serve industries like aerospace and defence.
• Aluminium Parks: Industrial zones focused on value-added aluminium product manufacturing, aimed at creating an ecosystem for downstream industries in sectors like EVs and aerospace.
• Greenfield Project: A project where new facilities are constructed from scratch in a previously undeveloped area, such as the 3 MTPA aluminium smelter in Dhenkanal.

Tabular Summary:

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9. What is the name of the newly launched Global Capability Center (GCC) by Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation in Chennai?
A) SMBC Chennai Hub
B) SMBC Tech Solutions Pvt Ltd
C) SMBC Global Services Private Limited
D) SMBC India Finance Hub
E) SMBC Offshore Operations
Answer: C) SMBC Global Services Private Limited

Event and Location:

• Event: Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation opens its first Global Capability Center (GCC) in India
• Location: Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) has established its first GCC in India, named SMBC Global Services Pvt Ltd, in Chennai to support IT and financial operations globally.
• Objectives:
  • To leverage India’s skilled IT and finance talent pool
  • To expand SMBC’s global operations and operational capabilities
  • To reinforce SMBC’s multi-franchise strategy and long-term investment in India

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Capability Center (GCC): Offshore centers set up by multinational companies to support global operations in areas such as IT, finance, HR, and analytics.
• Multi-franchise strategy: A business growth model where a corporation operates multiple subsidiaries or units in various sectors or regions to diversify and localize operations.
• SMBC (Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation): A leading Japanese multinational banking and financial services firm and a core unit of Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG).

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs October 24

10. Who has been appointed as the next Ambassador of India to the Republic of Ireland in October 2025?
A) Sanjay Verma
B) Taranjit Singh Sandhu
C) Manish Gupta
D) Harsh Vardhan Shringla
E) Vinay Mohan Kwatra
Answer: C) Manish Gupta

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Manish Gupta as India’s next Ambassador to Ireland
• Location: New Delhi (announcement); Republic of Ireland (posting)
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has appointed Manish Gupta, currently India’s High Commissioner to Ghana, as the next Ambassador to Ireland.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen bilateral diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties with Ireland
  • To represent India’s strategic interests and support the Indian diaspora in Ireland
  • To facilitate student, trade, and professional exchange programs between India and Ireland

Important Terms Explained:

• Ambassador: A senior diplomat appointed to represent their country in a foreign nation, responsible for diplomatic, political, and cultural relations.
• Ministry of External Affairs (MEA): The Indian government body responsible for handling India’s foreign relations, diplomatic missions, and international partnerships.
• PIO and NRI:
  • PIO (Person of Indian Origin): Individuals of Indian ancestry who hold foreign citizenship.
  • NRI (Non-Resident Indian): Indian citizens residing abroad for work, study, or other purposes.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 24

11. What is the monetary value of the newly announced Children’s Booker Prize to be awarded in 2026?
A) £25,000
B) £35,000
C) £50,000
D) £10,000
E) £75,000
Answer: C) £50,000

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the Children’s Booker Prize by the Booker Prize Foundation
• Location: United Kingdom and Ireland (Global impact expected)
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Booker Prize Foundation announced the creation of a new literary prize for children aged 8 to 12, to be awarded annually starting in 2026.
• Objectives: The prize aims to recognize and celebrate contemporary children’s fiction, combat declining reading rates, promote reading for pleasure, and include children directly in the judging process.

Important Terms Explained:

• Children’s Booker Prize: A newly introduced annual literary award by the Booker Prize Foundation for outstanding fiction written for children aged 8–12, with a prize of £50,000.
• Booker Prize Foundation: A prestigious UK-based literary institution known for awarding the Booker Prize for adult fiction; launching its first major new prize in 20 years.
• AKO Foundation: A philanthropic organization funding the Children’s Booker Prize; focused on education, arts, and wellbeing initiatives globally.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs October 24

12. What is the name of the first Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) delivered by Cochin Shipyard Limited to the Indian Navy in October 2025?
A) INS Kalvari
B) INS Vikrant
C) INS Kadamba
D) Mahe
E) INS Shivalik
Answer: D) Mahe

Event and Location:

• Event: Delivery of ‘Mahe’ – First Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC)
• Location: Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kochi
• Date: October 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Delivery of the first of eight ASW SWC vessels by Cochin Shipyard Limited
  • Equipping the Indian Navy with state-of-the-art shallow water ASW capabilities
• Objectives:
  • Enhance coastal defence and underwater warfare capabilities
  • Promote indigenous shipbuilding under Aatmanirbhar Bharat
  • Strengthen India’s maritime security architecture

Important Terms Explained:

• Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC):
  • A class of small naval vessels designed for anti-submarine operations in coastal and shallow waters. These are equipped with torpedoes, sonars, and rockets to track and neutralize submarines.
• Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL):
  • One of India’s premier shipbuilding and maintenance yards, located in Kochi, Kerala.
  • It is a government-owned PSU under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat:
  • A national initiative launched by the Government of India to promote self-reliance in critical sectors, including defence, manufacturing, and infrastructure.

Tabular Summary:

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13. What are the names of the two Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs) launched by the Indian Coast Guard at Goa Shipyard Limited on October 24, 2025?
A) ICGS Vikram & ICGS Veer
B) ICGS Ajit & ICGS Aparajit
C) ICGS Samrat & ICGS Shaurya
D) ICGS Tarini & ICGS Tejas
E) ICGS Tarini & ICGS Aparajit
Answer: B) ICGS Ajit & ICGS Aparajit

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Two Advanced Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs) – ICGS Ajit and ICGS Aparajit
• Location: Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), Goa
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of the 7th and 8th FPVs in the series built by Goa Shipyard Ltd for the ICG
  • Strengthen India’s maritime surveillance, anti-smuggling, and search & rescue capabilities
• Objectives:
  • Enhance coastal and EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) security
  • Promote indigenisation and self-reliance in defence production under Aatmanirbhar Bharat
  • Provide high-speed, multi-role platforms to secure India’s maritime interests

Important Terms Explained:

• Fast Patrol Vessel (FPV):
  • A type of naval ship used for quick response missions like coastal patrol, anti-smuggling, anti-piracy, and search & rescue. FPVs are known for their speed and agility.
• Controllable Pitch Propellers (CPP):
  • A type of propeller where the blade angle can be adjusted to increase maneuverability and fuel efficiency. First time in India on this class of vessel.
• Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL):
  • A leading shipbuilding PSU under the Ministry of Defence. Known for constructing high-performance naval and coast guard vessels.
• Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ):
  • A sea zone prescribed by UNCLOS over which a state has special rights regarding exploration and use of marine resources. India’s EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 24

14. Why has Russia extended export duties on sunflower products until 2028?
A) To increase international market share
B) To reduce agricultural subsidies
C) To encourage domestic processing and price stability
D) To promote import of edible oils
E) To restrict oilseed cultivation
Answer: C) To encourage domestic processing and price stability

Event and Location:

• Event: Russia extends export duties on sunflower seeds, oil, and meal until 2028
• Location: Russia
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Russian government has extended export duties on sunflower seeds, sunflower oil, and meal until August 2028.
• Objectives:
  • To boost domestic processing and refining capacity
  • To maintain price stability in the local food market
  • To ensure sufficient supply of sunflower oil for human consumption and sunflower meal for livestock feed

Important Terms Explained:

• Export Duties: Taxes imposed on goods sold abroad, used here to discourage exports and retain resources for local use.
• Sunflower Meal: A by-product of oil extraction from sunflower seeds, rich in protein and used as feed for livestock.
• Domestic Processing: The conversion of raw agricultural goods into finished products within the country, boosting industrial activity and value addition.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs October 24

15. Which state recently signed an MoU with the Centre to join the PM SHRI Schools scheme despite earlier opposition?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Kerala
C) Maharashtra
D) West Bengal
E) Punjab
Answer: B) Kerala

Event and Location:

• Event: Kerala joins the PM SHRI Schools scheme by signing MoU with Education Ministry
• Location: Kerala, India
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Kerala government signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Union Ministry of Education to implement the PM SHRI Schools scheme across the state.
• Objectives: To enhance school infrastructure and learning environments in government schools and secure central funding of ₹1,500 crore for ongoing educational initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• PM SHRI Schools: Short for Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India, this is a centrally sponsored scheme launched to develop selected schools into model schools with modern facilities and holistic education practices.
• NEP (National Education Policy): India’s educational policy framework, revised in 2020, aiming to overhaul the curriculum, governance, and pedagogy across school and higher education.
• MoU (Memorandum of Understanding): A formal agreement between two parties—in this case, between the Kerala government and the Ministry of Education—defining mutual roles and benefits under the scheme.

Tabular Summary:

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16. What women workforce participation target did President Droupadi Murmu mention as a key pillar for achieving Viksit Bharat by 2047?
A) 50 percent
B) 60 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 70 percent
E) 80 percent
Answer: D) 70 percent

Event and Location:

• Event: President highlights women’s role in achieving Viksit Bharat by 2047
• Location: Kochi, Kerala
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: President Droupadi Murmu addressed the centenary celebrations of St Teresa’s College, emphasizing women’s contribution to national development.
• Objectives: To promote women-led development, encourage increased women workforce participation, and align educational institutions with the National Education Policy 2020 and Sustainable Development Goals.

Important Terms Explained:

• Viksit Bharat 2047: A vision by the Indian government aiming to transform India into a fully developed nation by the year 2047, marking 100 years of independence.
• Gender Budgeting: A strategy that incorporates gender perspectives in budgeting, aiming to allocate resources to empower women and reduce gender inequality.
• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: A comprehensive education reform policy focusing on holistic, inclusive, and skill-based education, aiming to make India a global knowledge superpower.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which scheme was discussed between NITI Aayog CEO and Andhra Pradesh CS to boost coastal growth?
A) Sagar Mala
B) Purvodaya
C) PM Gati Shakti
D) UDAY
E) Sagarmitra
Answer: B) Purvodaya

Event and Location:

• Event: Discussion on coastal development and container mega port under the Purvodaya scheme
• Location: Andhra Pradesh Secretariat, Vijayawada
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: NITI Aayog CEO B.V.R. Subrahmanyam met Chief Secretary K. Vijayanand to discuss the Purvodaya scheme and development of Visakhapatnam Growth Hub.
• Objectives: To explore infrastructure and industrial expansion in coastal Andhra Pradesh, propose the establishment of a container mega port, and prepare a roadmap for presenting AP’s growth models at the national level.

Important Terms Explained:

• Purvodaya Scheme: A central government initiative aimed at accelerating the economic development of Eastern India by boosting infrastructure, industrial corridors, and port connectivity.
• Visakhapatnam Growth Hub: A regional development project aimed at transforming Visakhapatnam into a strategic hub for logistics, manufacturing, and maritime trade.
• Container Mega Port: A large-scale seaport facility dedicated to handling containerized cargo, aimed at increasing trade volume, reducing congestion, and improving logistics efficiency.

Tabular Summary:

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18. What is the primary objective of the newly launched KLOO mobile application in Kerala?
A) Launch new public toilets in every district
B) Develop water conservation systems
C) Track sanitation workers’ attendance
D) Build smart toilets using IoT
E) Create a statewide public toilet network using private facilities
Answer: E) Create a statewide public toilet network using private facilities

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of KLOO mobile app to improve public sanitation infrastructure
• Location: Kerala (Statewide), launched in Thiruvananthapuram
• Date: October 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Suchitwa Mission launched the KLOO mobile application, developed by the startup Frugal Scientific, to create a statewide public toilet network.
• Objectives: To make clean and accessible sanitation universally available by mapping and utilising existing private restrooms in hotels and restaurants, thereby avoiding the cost and time of new construction.

Important Terms Explained:

• KLOO App: A mobile platform that connects users to clean, accessible restrooms in private establishments, offering a tech-enabled solution to Kerala’s public sanitation needs.
• Suchitwa Mission: Kerala’s state-level nodal agency for sanitation and waste management, responsible for implementing cleanliness-related schemes and campaigns.
• Frugal Scientific: A start-up involved in developing affordable, scalable tech solutions, credited with creating the KLOO application for public sanitation.

Tabular Summary:

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19. How much amount has the Tamil Nadu government sanctioned for providing free meals to Chennai’s sanitation workers over three years?
A) ₹150 crore
B) ₹165 crore
C) ₹186.94 crore
D) ₹200 crore
E) ₹175.50 crore
Answer: C) ₹186.94 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Tamil Nadu sanctions ₹186.94 crore for free meal scheme for sanitation workers
• Location: Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC), Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Tamil Nadu government has approved ₹186.94 crore to provide free meals to 29,455 conservancy workers under the Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC) over a three-year period.
• Objectives:
  • To support the welfare of sanitation workers amidst protests over privatisation and job regularisation
  • To ensure nutritional support for frontline workers
  • To implement one of the six special welfare measures announced by the state on August 14, 2025

Important Terms Explained:

• Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC): The civic body responsible for municipal governance in Chennai, including sanitation, waste management, and public services.
• Sanitation/Conservancy Workers: Workers engaged in waste collection, street cleaning, and related services—often under challenging conditions.
• Sixth State Finance Commission: A constitutional body recommending devolution of financial resources from the state government to local bodies; funding this welfare initiative.

Tabular Summary:

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20. What is the total outlay of the Pradhan Mantri–Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM) from 2021 to 2026?
A) ₹54,000 crore
B) ₹48,900 crore
C) ₹64,180 crore
D) ₹72,500 crore
E) ₹58,250 crore
Answer: C) ₹64,180 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch and progress update of Pradhan Mantri–Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM)
• Location: Pan-India (Nationwide implementation)
• Date: October 24, 2025 (Update) / October 25, 2021 (Launch)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Strengthen India’s public health infrastructure at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels
  • Establish Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAMs), Block Public Health Units (BPHUs), Critical Care Blocks (CCBs), and Integrated Public Health Labs (IPHLs)
  • Create a real-time, IT-enabled disease surveillance system
  • Promote health research and pandemic preparedness
• Objectives:
  • Ensure resilient, accessible, and decentralized healthcare services
  • Align with SDG-3 goals, especially universal health coverage
  • Build a robust health system to respond to future pandemics and emergencies
  • Expand affordable and equitable access to healthcare across India

Important Terms Explained:

• PM-ABHIM (Pradhan Mantri–Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission):
  • A centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2021 with an outlay of ₹64,180 crore for 2021–26
  • Aims to build comprehensive health infrastructure from sub-centres to district-level hospitals
  • Integrates digital surveillance and public health labs to enhance epidemic response
• Ayushman Arogya Mandirs (AAMs):
  • Upgraded sub-health centres and urban wellness centres delivering primary care under PM-ABHIM
  • Promote preventive, promotive, and curative services closer to communities
• SDG-3 (Sustainable Development Goal 3):
  • A UN-defined goal aiming to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
  • Includes universal health coverage, reduction of communicable and non-communicable diseases
• National Health Policy 2017:
  • A foundational policy that promotes preventive and community health systems and laid the groundwork for Ayushman Bharat
• Pandemic Agreement (WHO):
  • A legally binding international accord adopted in May 2025 for coordinated pandemic response, equitable access to vaccines and health products, and global surveillance systems

Tabular Summary:

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21. Which Border Roads Organisation (BRO) project celebrated its 18th Raising Day on October 24, 2025, highlighting transformative infrastructure in Arunachal Pradesh?
A) Project Dantak
B) Project Shivalik
C) Project Arunank
D) Project Vartak
E) Project Himank
Answer: C) Project Arunank

Event and Location:

• Event: 18th Raising Day of Project Arunank celebrated
• Location: Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Construction and maintenance of roads and bridges in remote and operationally sensitive areas of Arunachal Pradesh
  • Adoption of innovative technologies for durable and sustainable infrastructure
  • Support for Indian Armed Forces through enhanced border connectivity
• Objectives:
  • Improve road connectivity to remote valleys and forward areas near the Line of Actual Control (LAC)
  • Strengthen infrastructure to meet both defence and civilian needs in high-altitude terrain
  • Promote eco-friendly practices and welfare of local labour force

Important Terms Explained:

• Project Arunank:
  • A flagship project under the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), launched in 2008
  • Focused on developing critical road infrastructure in Arunachal Pradesh, especially in remote and border areas
• Hapoli-Sarli-Huri Road:
  • A significant 278-km stretch, blacktopped for the first time since Independence
  • Connects extremely remote parts of the Kurung Kumey district
• ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’:
  • A green initiative under which 23,850 trees were planted by BRO in Arunachal Pradesh
  • Part of nationwide efforts to enhance environmental consciousness
• Geo Cells & GGBFS Concrete:
  • Geo Cells: 3D honeycomb-like structures used for soil stabilization
  • GGBFS Concrete: Concrete mixed with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag for enhanced durability and sustainability

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 24

22. Which two railway sections received approval for an electric traction system upgrade in October 2025?
A) Chennai–Bangalore and Mumbai–Pune
B) Medchal–Mudkhed and Mahbubnagar–Dhone
C) Hyderabad–Secunderabad and Nanded–Nagpur
D) Vijayawada–Visakhapatnam and Guntur–Guwahati
E) Warangal–Kurnool and Nellore–Tirupati
Answer: B) Medchal–Mudkhed and Mahbubnagar–Dhone

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of electric traction upgrade for two major rail sections
• Location: Telangana, with connectivity to Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Railways approved the upgrade of the electric traction system on the Medchal–Mudkhed and Mahbubnagar–Dhone railway sections.
• Objectives: To enhance train speed, improve energy efficiency, and increase train frequency by upgrading from 1X 25 KV to 2X 25 KV electric traction, supporting both passenger and freight operations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Electric Traction System: A rail transport system that uses electricity from overhead lines or third rails to power electric motors that drive the train wheels.
• 2X 25 KV System: An advanced electric traction technology offering higher voltage, reduced voltage drop, and improved supply stability, enabling longer spacing between substations.

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23. Who will inaugurate the Mangaluru India International Challenge 2025 badminton tournament?
A) Anurag Thakur
B) P.V. Sindhu
C) Siddaramaiah
D) H.V. Darshan
E) K. J. George
Answer: C) Siddaramaiah

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Mangaluru India International Challenge 2025
• Location: Urva Indoor Stadium, Mangaluru, Karnataka
• Date: October 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Chief Minister Siddaramaiah will inaugurate the first-ever international badminton tournament to be hosted in Mangaluru.
• Objectives: To promote international-level sports events in Karnataka and boost sports tourism, infrastructure, and youth participation in global competitions.

Important Terms Explained:

• Mangaluru India International Challenge: An international-level badminton tournament recognized by badminton federations, marking Mangaluru’s debut in hosting such global sporting events.
• Urva Indoor Stadium: The designated venue for the tournament in Mangaluru, prepared to host international matches with required facilities.
• Deputy Commissioner (DC): A senior administrative officer in a district responsible for overseeing civil administration and coordination of public events.

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24. What is the total number of appointment letters distributed so far under the Rozgar Melas, as stated by PM Modi?
A) 5 lakh
B) 8.5 lakh
C) 10 lakh
D) 11 lakh
E) 11.5 lakh
Answer: E) 11.5 lakh

Event and Location:

• Event: PM Modi addresses 17th Rozgar Mela highlighting youth employment initiatives
• Location: New Delhi (National rollout across India)
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi addressed the 17th Rozgar Mela, highlighting the distribution of over 11 lakh appointment letters to government job aspirants and launching support initiatives for private sector placements.
• Objectives:
  • To create structured employment opportunities across public and private sectors
  • To engage final-stage UPSC candidates through the Pratibha Setu Portal
  • To boost job creation via foreign investment, GST reforms, and Rozgar Melas

Important Terms Explained:

• Rozgar Mela: A mass government-led recruitment drive offering direct job placements across ministries and departments, launched in 2022 to fast-track employment generation.
• Pratibha Setu Portal: A new initiative connecting high-potential UPSC candidates who missed selection with private/public sector employers for suitable roles.
• GST Bachat Utsav: A government initiative that highlights consumer savings and demand boosts through GST rate reductions, indirectly driving employment in sectors like MSMEs and logistics.

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25. What was the revenue generated by Kerala’s Ayurvedic medical value tourism sector in 2024?
A) ₹10,800 crore
B) ₹12,000 crore
C) ₹13,500 crore
D) ₹14,200 crore
E) ₹9,900 crore
Answer: C) ₹13,500 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Kerala’s Ayurvedic medical tourism earns ₹13,500 crore in a year
• Location: Kerala (Events in Kochi, Angamaly)
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Kerala’s Ayurvedic medical tourism sector, driven by an integrated healthcare model combining modern medicine, Ayurveda, and wellness, achieved a ₹13,500 crore revenue in 2024.
• Objectives:
  • To position Kerala as a global hub for holistic wellness and medical tourism
  • To capture 10% of India’s $8 billion modern medical tourism market
  • To promote international collaborations through global summits and healthcare exhibitions

Important Terms Explained:

• Ayurvedic Medical Value Tourism: A healthcare segment that offers traditional Ayurveda-based treatments to domestic and international patients, often integrated with wellness and modern medicine.
• CAGR (Compounded Annual Growth Rate): The consistent annual growth rate over a period of time; Kerala’s medical tourism sector is growing at 16% CAGR.
• Global Ayurveda Summit & Kerala Health Tourism Conference: Flagship events organized by CII Kerala to promote Kerala’s healthcare excellence and connect with global markets.

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26. How many direct jobs are expected to be generated from the ₹27,607 crore worth projects approved in Karnataka’s 66th SHLCC meeting?
A) 5,000
B) 7,500
C) 8,704
D) 9,500
E) 10,000
Answer: C) 8,704

Event and Location:

• Event: Karnataka SHLCC clears investment projects worth ₹27,607 crore
• Location: Karnataka
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The 66th State High-Level Clearance Committee (SHLCC) meeting, chaired by CM Siddaramaiah, approved 13 investment projects amounting to ₹27,607.26 crore.
• Objectives:
  • To boost industrial growth and employment in Karnataka
  • To facilitate large-scale investments across key sectors
  • To generate 8,704 direct jobs across districts in Karnataka

Important Terms Explained:

• State High-Level Clearance Committee (SHLCC): A government body headed by the Chief Minister that evaluates and clears large-scale investment proposals, usually exceeding ₹50 crore.
• Expansion Proposal: Additional capital investment by an existing company to increase capacity or infrastructure at an existing site.
• Dividend: A portion of a company’s profit paid to shareholders; Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Ltd (KSDL) handed over ₹135 crore to the state as dividend for FY 2024–25.

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27. Which institution did Mangalore University sign an MoU with for collaboration in Medical Physics education and research?
A) Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram
B) All India Institute of Medical Sciences
C) Malabar Cancer Centre
D) Tata Memorial Hospital
E) Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Answer: C) Malabar Cancer Centre

Event and Location:

• Event: Mangalore University signs MoU with Malabar Cancer Centre for Medical Physics collaboration
• Location: Mangaluru, Karnataka; Thalassery, Kerala
• Date: October 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Mangalore University and Malabar Cancer Centre (PG Institute of Oncology Sciences and Research) signed an MoU to collaborate on academic and research initiatives in Medical Physics.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen postgraduate education and training in Medical Physics
  • To promote collaborative and multicentric research
  • To facilitate student- and faculty-led initiatives, hospital postings, internships, and access to advanced diagnostic and treatment infrastructure

Important Terms Explained:

• Medical Physics: A healthcare discipline involving the application of physics concepts to medicine, especially in diagnosis, imaging, and radiation therapy for cancer.
• MoU (Memorandum of Understanding): A formal agreement between two institutions to collaborate on specific academic, research, or operational goals.
• Multicentric Research: Studies conducted across multiple institutions or centers to enhance data quality, scalability, and generalisation of research outcomes.

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