Daily Current Affairs October 22

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October 22 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 22

1. Why is Police Commemoration Day observed on October 21 every year in India?
A) To mark the foundation of Indian Police Service
B) To honour police medal awardees
C) To remember police personnel killed in the 1959 Hot Springs incident
D) To celebrate Indian police modernization
E) To mark the retirement of British-era police system
Answer: C) To remember police personnel killed in the 1959 Hot Springs incident

Event and Location:

• Event: Police Commemoration Day observed to honour fallen police personnel
• Location: Nationwide observance; wreath-laying at Tirunelveli police memorial (Tamil Nadu)
• Date: 21 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Senior police officials across India, including in Tirunelveli, observed Police Commemoration Day by laying wreaths at police memorials.
• Objectives:
  • Pay tribute to police personnel martyred in the line of duty
  • Remember the sacrifice of 10 CRPF personnel killed in 1959 at Hot Springs, Ladakh by the Chinese Army
  • Reinforce the value of service, bravery, and national security

Important Terms Explained:

• Police Commemoration Day: Observed annually on 21st October to honour police personnel who laid down their lives in the line of duty, especially remembering the 1959 Hot Springs incident involving Central Police Forces.
• Hot Springs Incident (1959): A clash between Indian Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) and the Chinese Army near the Hot Springs in Ladakh, resulting in the death of 10 Indian personnel, marking one of the earliest confrontations between India and China.

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs October 22

2. Which Indian space scientist and Padma Bhushan awardee, known for mentoring Dr APJ Abdul Kalam, passed away in October 2025?
A) Udupi Ramachandra Rao
B) Eknath Vasant Chitnis
C) K. Radhakrishnan
D) Mylswamy Annadurai
E) G. Madhavan Nair
Answer: B) Eknath Vasant Chitnis

Event and Location:

• Event: Death of veteran ISRO scientist Eknath Vasant Chitnis
• Location: Pune, Maharashtra, India
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Objectives:
  • Honour the legacy of Eknath Vasant Chitnis, a foundational figure in Indian space research
  • Acknowledge his contributions to INCOSPAR, ISRO, Thumba site selection, and Space Applications Centre

Important Terms Explained:

• INCOSPAR (Indian National Committee for Space Research): Predecessor to ISRO, established in 1962 under the leadership of Dr Vikram Sarabhai to initiate India’s space program.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation): India’s national space agency, known for its satellite and space exploration programs. Chitnis played a key role in its formative years.
• Thumba Launching Station: India’s first rocket launching station, located in Kerala. Dr Chitnis was instrumental in selecting this location due to its proximity to the magnetic equator.
• Padma Bhushan: The third-highest civilian award in India, awarded to Chitnis for his contributions to science and engineering.

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs October 22

3. According to the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025, what is India’s current global rank in total forest area?
A) 5th
B) 7th
C) 9th
D) 10th
E) 3rd
Answer: C) 9th

Event and Location:

• Event: India ranked 9th globally in total forest area and 3rd in annual forest gain
• Location: Global; Assessment released by FAO in Bali, Indonesia
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Release of the Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025 by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ranking India 9th in total forest area and reaffirming its 3rd position in annual forest area gain.
• Objectives: Recognize and validate India’s efforts in afforestation, sustainable forest management, and community-driven environmental actions, promoting ecological balance and green cover expansion.

Global Forest Area Ranking (GFRA 2025):

Annual Forest Area Gain Ranking (as per GFRA 2025):

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA): A comprehensive report by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) published every 5 years that evaluates the global status and trends of forests and forest resources.
• Annual Forest Area Gain: Refers to the yearly increase in forest cover through afforestation, reforestation, or natural regeneration, an indicator of a country’s ecological conservation progress.
• Ek Ped Ma Ke Naam: A public movement initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, encouraging citizens to plant and dedicate a tree in the name of their mother, aiming to build an emotional connection with environmental stewardship.

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4. On which date will Kerala be officially declared free from extreme poverty?
A) October 22, 2025
B) November 1, 2025
C) December 15, 2025
D) January 26, 2026
E) October 31, 2025
Answer: B) November 1, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Official declaration of Kerala as free from extreme poverty
• Location: Central Stadium, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
• Date: Scheduled for 1 November 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan will announce the eradication of extreme poverty in the state at a formal event in Thiruvananthapuram.
• Objectives:
  • Mark the success of the extreme poverty eradication programme launched in 2021
  • Highlight the achievements of the LDF government in inclusive development
  • Inspire further efforts toward social equity, welfare, and dignified living standards for all citizens

Important Terms Explained:

• Extreme Poverty: A condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information. Kerala’s success means all households in the state now meet a minimum standard of dignified living.
• Extreme Poverty Eradication Programme: A targeted social welfare initiative launched by the LDF government in 2021 as one of its first cabinet decisions, aimed at identifying and uplifting the state’s most economically deprived families.
• LDF (Left Democratic Front): A political alliance in Kerala led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist), currently in power under the leadership of CM Pinarayi Vijayan.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs October 22

5. Which honorary military rank was Olympic medallist Neeraj Chopra conferred with in October 2025?
A) Major
B) Captain
C) Lieutenant Colonel
D) Colonel
E) Brigadier
Answer: C) Lieutenant Colonel

Event and Location:

• Event: Neeraj Chopra conferred honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army
• Location: South Block, New Delhi
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Neeraj Chopra, two-time Olympic medalist in javelin throw, was conferred with the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army
• Objectives:
  • Recognize Chopra’s exceptional contribution to Indian sports and his role in enhancing national pride
  • Symbolize the civil-military connect by honouring individuals who embody discipline, dedication, and national service
  • Encourage youth by celebrating sports icons as national role models

Important Terms Explained:

• Territorial Army (TA): A part-time volunteer force that supports and augments the Indian Army. Honorary ranks are awarded to distinguished civilians in recognition of their national contribution.
• Pipping Ceremony: A formal military event where rank insignias are pinned (or “pipped”) on individuals receiving a new or honorary rank.
• Lieutenant Colonel (Honorary): A mid-level officer rank in the Indian Army, often awarded as an honorary title to eminent personalities in recognition of national service or excellence.

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6. Who has been reappointed as a trustee for life by Tata Trusts in October 2025?
A) Ratan Tata
B) Noel Tata
C) Mehli Mistry
D) Venu Srinivasan
E) Natarajan Chandrasekaran
Answer: D) Venu Srinivasan

Event and Location:

• Event: Tata Trusts reappoints Venu Srinivasan as trustee for life
• Location: New Delhi (Announcement); Tata Trusts – headquartered in Mumbai
• Date: 21 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Tata Trusts has unanimously reappointed Venu Srinivasan as trustee for life, just ahead of his term’s expiry on 23 October 2025.
• Objectives:
  • Retain institutional continuity amid reported internal factionalism
  • Reinforce stability within the governance structure of Tata Trusts
  • Shift focus to pending decisions such as Mehli Mistry’s term renewal, which may influence internal dynamics

Important Terms Explained:

• Tata Trusts: One of India’s oldest philanthropic institutions, established by Jamsetji Tata, and currently serving as a major shareholder of Tata Sons, the holding company of the Tata Group.
• Trustee for Life: A status granted to a member of a trust’s governing body, indicating permanent tenure unless resigned or removed under extraordinary circumstances.
• Venu Srinivasan: Industrialist and Chairman Emeritus of TVS Motor Company, also a Padma Bhushan awardee, long associated with corporate philanthropy and Tata Trusts.
• Mehli Mistry: A key figure within Tata Trusts and seen as close to the late Ratan Tata, whose term renewal is being closely watched amid perceived internal factionalism.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 22

7. Which institution do the newly selected 2024 Fellows of the Telangana Academy of Sciences, Labani Ray and H.V.S. Satyanarayana, belong to?
A) IISc Bengaluru
B) CSIR-NGRI
C) IIT Hyderabad
D) ISRO-SAC
E) BARC
Answer: B) CSIR-NGRI

Event and Location:

• Event: Two scientists from CSIR-NGRI selected as 2024 Fellows of the Telangana Academy of Sciences
• Location: Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Recognition of Labani Ray and H.V.S. Satyanarayana, senior scientists from CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI), as Fellows of the Telangana Academy of Sciences (TAS) 2024
• Objectives:
  • Acknowledge outstanding contributions in geophysical research and geothermal energy
  • Promote scientific excellence and research leadership in Telangana and India
  • Support national capability in thermal conductivity modeling and Indian lithosphere studies

Important Terms Explained:

• CSIR-NGRI (National Geophysical Research Institute): A premier institute under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), based in Hyderabad, specializing in earth sciences and geophysics.
• Telangana Academy of Sciences (TAS): A scientific body that recognizes contributions of scientists from Telangana across various disciplines through Fellowship honours.
• Centre for Geothermal Energy Research (CGER): A unique lab established by Labani Ray, dedicated to measuring rock thermal conductivity at elevated temperatures to improve geothermal models.

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs October 22

8. Which Indian naval ship participated in the Sea and Harbour phases of JAIMEX-25 in October 2025?
A) INS Vikrant
B) INS Shivalik
C) INS Sahyadri
D) INS Kolkata
E) INS Vela
Answer: C) INS Sahyadri

Event and Location:

• Event: India-Japan joint naval exercise JAIMEX-25 involving INS Sahyadri
• Location: Yokosuka, Japan and Indo-Pacific waters
• Date: 16–18 October 2025 (Sea Phase), 21 October 2025 (Harbour Phase)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Conducting joint Japan-India Maritime Exercise (JAIMEX-25) with participation from INS Sahyadri and JMSDF ships Asahi, Oumi, and submarine Jinryu. Activities included sea-based drills and harbour engagements.
• Objectives: Enhance interoperability, strengthen defence ties, and uphold the Special Strategic and Global Partnership between India and Japan, aiming to ensure peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region.

Important Terms Explained:

• JAIMEX (Japan-India Maritime Exercise): A bilateral maritime exercise conducted between the Indian Navy and the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) to improve coordination, interoperability, and strategic ties.
• INS Sahyadri: A Shivalik-class Guided Missile Stealth Frigate, commissioned in 2012 and built indigenously under the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative. Designed for multi-role operations including anti-submarine warfare and air defence.
• Special Strategic and Global Partnership: A diplomatic and defence framework signed in 2014 between India and Japan, aiming at deeper cooperation across political, economic, and military spheres.

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs October 22

9. Under Special Campaign 5.0, how much scrap was disposed of by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting?
A) 1.20 lakh kg
B) 1.43 lakh kg
C) 2.00 lakh kg
D) 1.00 lakh kg
E) 1.75 lakh kg
Answer: B) 1.43 lakh kg

Event and Location:

• Event: Special Campaign 5.0 implemented by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting
• Location: Nationwide (including Ministry HQ, Media Units, Field Offices)
• Date: Implementation from 2nd October to 17th October 2025 (Fortnight progress reported on 22 October)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Conduct outdoor and indoor Swachhata activities
  • Dispose of physical and electronic files
  • Clear public grievances and pending government communications
  • Condemn unserviceable vehicles and manage scrap disposal
• Objectives:
  • Institutionalize Swachhata in government offices
  • Improve workplace cleanliness and efficiency
  • Ensure timely disposal of pending matters
  • Promote sustainable practices including responsible e-waste management

Important Terms Explained:

• Special Campaign 5.0: A centrally driven campaign launched across Ministries to promote cleanliness, reduce pendency, and enhance administrative efficiency, continuing from previous Swachhata-based campaigns.
• Swachhata: A Hindi term meaning “cleanliness”, central to India’s national initiatives like Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, aimed at promoting hygiene and sanitation.
• Weeding Out of Files: A government administrative process of reviewing and disposing of old or unnecessary physical and electronic documents to improve efficiency and free up space.

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10. Under the AI for India 2030 initiative, which framework is central to both AI Playbooks launched for Agriculture and SMEs?
A) SMART India
B) DIGITAL Mission
C) IMPACT AI
D) AI Connect
E) Bharat AI Grid
Answer: C) IMPACT AI

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of AI Playbooks for Agriculture and SMEs, and AI Sandbox White Paper under AI for India 2030
• Location: India (National launch coordinated by Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution – C4IR India, WEF)
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of three strategic publications:
    • Future Farming in India: AI Playbook for Agriculture
    • Transforming Small Businesses: AI Playbook for India’s SMEs
    • Shaping the AI Sandbox Ecosystem: White Paper
• Objectives:
  • Accelerate responsible AI adoption across agriculture and MSME sectors
  • Provide actionable implementation roadmaps for AI integration
  • Support India’s digital transformation through inclusive, scalable, and context-driven AI solutions
  • Foster multi-stakeholder collaboration via the IMPACT AI framework

Important Terms Explained:

• AI for India 2030: A national initiative led by C4IR India (World Economic Forum) and supported by the Government of India, aiming to promote responsible and inclusive AI adoption across critical sectors.
• IMPACT AI Framework: A strategic model guiding AI adoption across sectors through a phased approach—Inspiration, Mentorship, Policy support, Access to tools, Collaboration, and Trust-building—to ensure inclusive and impactful implementation.
• AI Sandbox: A controlled, regulatory-compliant environment that allows for testing, refining, and scaling AI innovations safely, aligned with India’s national priorities and ethical standards.

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11. By which year does Chittoor district aim to achieve 50% green cover under Mission Haritha Andhra Pradesh?
A) 2027
B) 2030
C) 2035
D) 2047
E) 2050
Answer: D) 2047

Event and Location:

• Event: Chittoor district sets target to increase green cover to 50% under Mission Haritha Andhra Pradesh
• Location: Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Implementation of Mission Haritha Andhra Pradesh in Chittoor to expand forest and green cover
  • Combined use of Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR) and Artificial Regeneration (AR) methods
  • Conducting inter-departmental coordination meetings to mobilize collective action
• Objectives:
  • Increase the district’s green cover from 34% to 50% by 2047
  • Promote mass plantation drives, ecological restoration, and public participation
  • Involve youth and community stakeholders to build long-term environmental stewardship

Important Terms Explained:

• Mission Haritha Andhra Pradesh: A flagship afforestation and green development program by the Government of Andhra Pradesh aimed at increasing forest and green cover through community involvement and departmental coordination.
• Assisted Natural Regeneration (ANR): A forest restoration method that supports natural regrowth of vegetation by protecting and nurturing existing plant life and saplings in degraded forests.
• Artificial Regeneration (AR): A technique where trees are manually planted in areas with poor or no vegetation to create forest cover, often using nursery-grown seedlings.

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12. What is the objective of the new scheme launched by the Tamil Nadu HR&CE Department regarding cotton dhotis and saris in large temples?
A) To sell them to textile mills
B) To export them abroad
C) To reuse them in one-time puja and village temples
D) To distribute them to devotees as prasad
E) To recycle them into uniforms
Answer: C) To reuse them in one-time puja and village temples

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of scheme to utilise excess cotton dhotis and saris from large temples
• Location: Thiruveleeswarar Temple, Padi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department of Tamil Nadu launched a scheme to repurpose vasthrams (cotton dhotis and saris) offered in large temples.
• Objectives:
  • Address storage challenges faced by large temples due to excess cloth offerings
  • Ensure optimal and respectful use of unused garments by distributing them to one-time puja temples and village temples
  • Promote resource sharing within the temple ecosystem and support smaller religious institutions

Important Terms Explained:

• Vasthrams: Traditional garments such as cotton dhotis and saris offered by devotees to deities in temples as part of religious rituals.
• One-time Puja Temples: Smaller temples that conduct limited or occasional rituals and lack regular resources for deity attire.
• HR&CE Department (Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments): A Tamil Nadu government department responsible for the administration and regulation of Hindu temples and charitable endowments in the state.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 22

13. What is the primary aim of the Centre for Sustainable Energy established by Coal India and IIT Madras?
A) Increase coal extraction
B) Export coal-based energy
C) Promote low-carbon energy solutions
D) Develop AI technologies
E) Privatize coal mines
Answer: C) Promote low-carbon energy solutions

Event and Location:

• Event: Coal India signed MoU with IIT Madras to set up Centre for Sustainable Energy
• Location: IIT Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Establishment of the Centre for Sustainable Energy through a MoU between Coal India Limited and IIT Madras to drive R&D and capacity building in sustainable energy technologies.
• Objectives: To repurpose coal mines, develop low-carbon technologies, and position coal as a clean energy feedstock in line with India’s net-zero emissions target for 2070, while also fostering indigenous research and human capital development.

Important Terms Explained:

• Coal India Limited (CIL): A central public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Coal, responsible for coal mining and production in India, now aligning with clean energy goals.
• Centre for Sustainable Energy: A research and development initiative launched at IIT Madras focusing on innovation in sustainable energy, coal mine repurposing, and low-carbon solutions.
• Net-Zero Emissions by 2070: India’s climate target to achieve a balance between greenhouse gases emitted and removed from the atmosphere by the year 2070.

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14. What was the main objective of the Pan-India CPR Awareness Week organized by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in October 2025?
A) Promote use of advanced medical equipment
B) Train professionals in robotic surgery
C) Strengthen community response through CPR awareness
D) Celebrate doctors’ contribution to public health
E) Launch health insurance schemes
Answer: C) Strengthen community response through CPR awareness

Event and Location:

• Event: Pan-India CPR Awareness Week organized by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Location: Across India
• Date: 13th to 17th October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare organized CPR Awareness Week 2025 to increase public knowledge and practical ability in Compression-only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).
• Objectives:
  • Raise awareness on CPR as a life-saving emergency intervention
  • Provide hands-on CPR training and demonstrations
  • Mobilize youth volunteers and professional bodies for community outreach
  • Utilize digital platforms (e.g., MyGov, MyBharat) for mass engagement
  • Encourage early bystander intervention in cardiac emergencies

Important Terms Explained:

• Compression-only CPR: A simplified method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation where only chest compressions are administered without mouth-to-mouth breathing, crucial in cardiac arrest situations.
• MyGov Platform: A citizen engagement portal of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, used for pledges, quizzes, and awareness campaigns.
• Volunteer for Bharat: A youth-led outreach initiative under the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, promoting national participation in public welfare activities, including health awareness.

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15. What benefits will Agniveers retiring from 2026 receive in UP Police recruitment as per CM Yogi’s announcement?
A) Reservation in higher education
B) Free housing
C) 3-year age relaxation and 20% reservation
D) Free healthcare for life
E) Direct recruitment in Indian Army
Answer: C) 3-year age relaxation and 20% reservation

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of recruitment benefits for Agniveers and police modernization plans in Uttar Pradesh
• Location: Reserve Police Lines, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: 22 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • CM Yogi Adityanath announced that retiring Agniveers (from 2026) will get 3-year age relaxation and 20% horizontal reservation in UP Police recruitment for Constable, Mounted Constable, and Fireman posts.
  • Announcement made during Police Commemoration Day 2025.
  • Rs 4,061.87 crore allocated for police in FY 2025–26 for modernization and infrastructure.
• Objectives:
  • Support the reintegration of Agniveers into civilian roles post-service
  • Strengthen policing infrastructure, women’s safety, and cybercrime prevention
  • Recognize police martyrs and ensure support for their families
  • Promote transparent, tech-enabled, and citizen-centric policing

Important Terms Explained:

• Agniveer Scheme: A short-term recruitment scheme in the Indian Armed Forces under the Agnipath scheme, where selected youth serve for 4 years. Post-retirement, many are to be absorbed in civilian roles.
• Horizontal Reservation: A reservation model applied across all categories (General, OBC, SC, ST), giving Agniveers a fixed quota in each.
• Police Modernisation Scheme: A central and state-funded initiative to equip police forces with modern technology, mobility, training, and cyber capabilities.
• Mission Shakti: A flagship initiative by the UP Government aimed at women’s safety, dignity, and empowerment, including dedicated police outposts, helpdesks, and trained women officers.

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16. Where was the foundation stone for a new petting zoo of global standard laid in October 2025?
A) Nandankanan Zoological Park
B) Puthur Zoological Park
C) Vandalur Zoo
D) Mysore Zoo
E) Kanpur Zoo
Answer: B) Puthur Zoological Park

Event and Location:

• Event: Foundation stone laid for petting zoo at Puthur Zoological Park
• Location: Puthur Zoological Park, Thrissur, Kerala
• Date: 21 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Speaker A.N. Shamseer inaugurated the foundation stone laying ceremony for a petting zoo of international standard as part of the expansion of Puthur Zoological Park
• Objectives:
  • Foster compassion and empathy in children and adults through direct interaction with animals
  • Create a visitor-friendly, interactive facility that connects people with nature and wildlife
  • Transform Puthur Zoological Park into one of the world’s finest zoological experiences

Important Terms Explained:

• Petting Zoo: A hands-on educational facility where visitors, especially children, can interact with and touch domesticated animals or certain wildlife under supervision, often used for learning and emotional development.
• Puthur Zoological Park: A zoological park located in Thrissur, Kerala, undergoing major expansion to become a globally competitive facility with modern enclosures and interactive zones.
• Compassion through Nature: A principle in environmental education focusing on how humane animal interaction can build empathy, particularly in younger generations.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which temple is President Droupadi Murmu scheduled to visit during her 4-day tour of Kerala in October 2025?
A) Padmanabhaswamy Temple
B) Guruvayur Temple
C) Sabarimala Ayyappa Temple
D) Sivagiri Madhom
E) Vaikom Mahadeva Temple
Answer: C) Sabarimala Ayyappa Temple

Event and Location:

• Event: President Droupadi Murmu begins 4-day official visit to Kerala
• Location: Thiruvananthapuram, Sabarimala, Varkala, Pala, and Ernakulam (Kerala)
• Date: 21–24 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Official 4-day state visit by President Droupadi Murmu to Kerala, covering religious, educational, and commemorative engagements.
• Objectives:
  • Offer darshan at Sabarimala Ayyappa Temple
  • Unveil the bust of former President K.R. Narayanan at Raj Bhavan
  • Inaugurate the Mahasamadhi Centenary of Sree Narayana Guru at Sivagiri Madhom, Varkala
  • Attend key educational institutional events in Pala and Ernakulam
  • Promote national unity and pay tribute to Kerala’s cultural and historical icons

Important Terms Explained:

• Sabarimala Ayyappa Temple: One of the most famous Hindu pilgrimage sites in South India, dedicated to Lord Ayyappa and located in the Western Ghats of Kerala. It sees millions of devotees annually.
• Sivagiri Madhom: A spiritual retreat and pilgrimage centre associated with Sree Narayana Guru, a renowned social reformer and saint.
• K.R. Narayanan: The 10th President of India (1997–2002) and the first Dalit President, born in Kerala, remembered for his contributions to social justice and diplomacy.
• Raj Bhavan: The official residence of the Governor of a state; also used to host key dignitaries during official state visits.

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Over All Review

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