Daily Current Affairs October 15

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs October 15. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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October 15 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 15

1. Why is October 15 observed as World Students’ Day in India?
A) To commemorate UN Day for Education
B) To mark the beginning of National Education Policy
C) To honour Dr APJ Abdul Kalam’s birth anniversary and vision for student empowerment
D) To promote global literacy awareness
E) To observe the launch of ISRO’s first satellite
Answer: C) To honour Dr APJ Abdul Kalam’s birth anniversary and vision for student empowerment

Event and Location:

• Event: Celebration of World Students’ Day on Dr Kalam’s birth anniversary
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • World Students’ Day is celebrated annually across India to commemorate Dr APJ Abdul Kalam’s birthday, with educational institutions hosting student-centric activities.
• Objectives:
  • The aim is to encourage student empowerment, creativity, and educational aspiration by aligning with Dr Kalam’s values of hard work, humility, and visionary thinking.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Students’ Day: Celebrated in India on October 15 to honour Dr Kalam, known for his commitment to students and education; not officially recognized by the United Nations, contrary to popular belief.
• Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests: A series of five nuclear tests conducted by India in 1998; Dr APJ Abdul Kalam played a key organisational and technical role.
• PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle): India’s first successful indigenous satellite launch vehicle; Dr Kalam served as its Project Director, marking a milestone in India’s space development.
• Agni and Prithvi Missiles: Indigenous guided missile systems developed under the Indian missile program; Dr Kalam contributed significantly to their development and operationalization.
• Bharat Ratna: India’s highest civilian honour awarded to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam for his exceptional contributions to science and public service.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs October 15

2. Which two athletes broke national records in the U18 1000m and U16 long jump categories during the National Junior Athletics Championships 2025?
A) Abhinanth A.B. and Manju Choudhuri
B) Prince and Dhanya S.
C) Zubin Gohain and Jilsha Jinli
D) Aditya and Anamika Ajesh
E) Parth Singh and Sehnoor Bawa
Answer: B) Prince and Dhanya S.

Event and Location:

• Event: National Junior Athletics Championships 2025
• Location: Bhubaneswar, Odisha
• Date: October 15, 2025 (final day of event)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Haryana’s Prince broke the national record in the men’s under-18 1000m event with a timing of 2:25.11, while Tamil Nadu’s Dhanya S. set a new record in the women’s under-16 long jump with a leap of 4.23m.
• Objectives:
  • To showcase emerging athletic talent across India, foster junior sports development, and identify potential future stars through national-level competition and performance benchmarking.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Junior Athletics Championships:
  • An annual national-level track and field competition in India for athletes across different junior age categories (U-14, U-16, U-18, U-20), organized to identify young sporting talent.
• 1000m Race (U-18):
  • Prince of Haryana set a new National Record (NR) with a time of 2:25.11, breaking the previous record of 2:26.04 held by Suraj Singh.
• Long Jump (U-16):
  • Dhanya S. of Tamil Nadu recorded a 4.23m jump, surpassing the previous national record of 4.05m set by Annya S. in 2024.
• Overall Championship:
  • Tamil Nadu topped the overall medal tally with 289 points, closely followed by Haryana with 287 points.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs October 15

3. Which former Goa Chief Minister and sitting Agriculture Minister passed away in October 2025?
A) Manohar Parrikar
B) Luizinho Faleiro
C) Digambar Kamat
D) Ravi Naik
E) Pratapsingh Rane
Answer: D) Ravi Naik

Event and Location:

• Event: Demise of Ravi Naik, Goa’s Agriculture Minister and former Chief Minister
• Location: Ponda, Goa
• Date: October 14, 2025 (death); announced on October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Ravi Naik, a senior political leader from Goa, passed away at the age of 79 due to a sudden cardiac arrest. He served Goa as a two-time Chief Minister, Agriculture Minister, and Member of Parliament during a political career spanning over four decades.
• Objectives:
  • To acknowledge the contributions of Ravi Naik to Goa’s political and governance landscape, including his leadership of the Hindu Bahujan Samaj and service across multiple political parties and legislative roles.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ravi Naik:
  • Veteran politician from Goa, began his political career with Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in 1980 and later joined the Indian National Congress. Served as Chief Minister of Goa twice and held key ministerial portfolios including Agriculture in the BJP-led Pramod Sawant government.
• Chief Minister of Goa:
  • Ravi Naik served two terms—first in 1991 and again in 1994, collectively serving 850 days as Goa’s CM.
• Bahujan Samaj:
  • Refers to the social majority in India, particularly comprising historically marginalised and underrepresented communities. Ravi Naik was regarded as one of the tallest leaders of Goa’s Hindu Bahujan Samaj.
• Goa Legislative Assembly:
  • The unicameral legislature of the state of Goa; Ravi Naik remained active in state politics until his death in 2025.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs October 15

4. As per the Henley Passport Index 2025, what is India’s rank in terms of travel freedom?
A) 71
B) 80
C) 85
D) 90
E) 64
Answer: C) 85

Event and Location:

• Event: Henley Passport Index 2025 Released
• Location: Global (Report compiled by Henley & Partners)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • To rank the passports of the world based on the number of destinations their holders can access without a prior visa, including visa-free and visa-on-arrival access.
• Objectives:
  • To provide insight into global mobility, diplomatic influence, and travel freedom trends.
  • To reflect the geopolitical shifts, bilateral relations, and visa liberalisation policies impacting international movement of citizens.

Henley Passport Index 2025 – Top 10 Global Rankings:

India and Neighbouring Countries – 2025 Rankings:

Important Terms Explained:

• Henley Passport Index:
  • A global ranking of countries based on the number of destinations their passport holders can travel to without a visa or with visa-on-arrival. Compiled by Henley & Partners using IATA (International Air Transport Association) data.
• Visa-Free Access:
  • The ability of a country’s passport holder to enter another country without a visa, either through complete exemption or visa-on-arrival, making international travel easier and more convenient.
• Global Mobility Score:
  • The total number of destinations a passport allows access to without prior visa, which determines the passport’s rank on the Henley Passport Index.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs October 15

5. What is the one-time fee for the FASTag Annual Pass launched by NHAI?
A) ₹2,000
B) ₹3,000
C) ₹1,500
D) ₹2,500
E) ₹3,500
Answer: B) ₹3,000

Event and Location:

• Event: FASTag Annual Pass crosses 25 lakh users within two months of launch
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The FASTag Annual Pass, launched by NHAI on August 15, 2025, allows users of non-commercial vehicles to pay a one-time fee of ₹3,000 for 200 toll plaza crossings or one-year validity, covering 1,150 toll plazas on National Highways and Expressways.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance ease of commuting, promote digital toll collection, reduce congestion at toll plazas, and provide an economical travel solution for frequent users of National Highways.

Important Terms Explained:

• FASTag Annual Pass:
  • A prepaid toll payment plan offering 200 toll plaza crossings or one-year validity at a fixed one-time charge of ₹3,000, applicable on non-commercial vehicles with valid FASTags.
• NHAI (National Highways Authority of India):
  • An autonomous agency under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, responsible for the development and maintenance of National Highways.
• RajmargYatra App:
  • An official mobile application developed by NHAI for digital toll payments, tracking highway services, and managing FASTag-based services like the Annual Pass.
• National Expressways and National Highways:
  • High-speed road corridors managed by the Central Government for long-distance travel across India, integrated under NHAI’s electronic toll collection infrastructure.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 15

6. What was India’s trade deficit in September 2025 as per the commerce ministry data?
A) $29.2 billion
B) $30.5 billion
C) $32.1 billion
D) $33.6 billion
E) $35.4 billion
Answer: C) $32.1 billion

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s trade data release for September and April–September FY26
• Location: Nationwide (India), released by Ministry of Commerce
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Commerce Ministry released data indicating that India’s exports rose 6.74% in September 2025 to $36.38 billion, while imports surged by 16.6% to $68.53 billion, resulting in a trade deficit of $32.1 billion for the month.
• Objectives:
  • To provide a snapshot of India’s international trade performance amid global economic conditions, and monitor the import-export gap for policy calibration and fiscal planning.

Important Terms Explained:

• Trade Deficit:
  • Occurs when a country’s imports exceed exports, indicating more foreign exchange spent on goods coming into the country than earned from exports.
• Exports:
  • Goods and services sold by India to other countries; key sectors often include petroleum products, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, textiles, and IT services.
• Imports:
  • Goods and services bought by India from other countries. In this report, increases were driven by gold, silver, fertilisers, and electronics.
• Commerce Ministry:
  • The government ministry responsible for formulating and implementing the foreign trade policy and monitoring India’s external trade performance.

Tabular Summary:

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7. How many availability zones will Airtel Cloud expand to in India under its partnership with IBM?
A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12
E) 14
Answer: C) 10

Event and Location:

• Event: Airtel partners with IBM to expand Airtel Cloud and boost data centre footprint
• Location: India (New Delhi; new regions in Mumbai and Chennai)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Bharti Airtel has entered a strategic partnership with IBM to enhance its AI-ready Airtel Cloud platform by expanding availability zones in India from 4 to 10 and establishing two Multizone Regions (MZRs) in Mumbai and Chennai.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen India’s cloud infrastructure by offering secure, telco-grade, AI-ready hybrid cloud services for mission-critical enterprise workloads in regulated industries, while promoting digital transformation through indigenous data centres.

Important Terms Explained:

• Airtel Cloud:
  • A secure, next-generation cloud platform developed by Bharti Airtel, designed to serve enterprise customers with data residency, security, and AI-ready infrastructure.
• IBM Power11 Servers:
  • The latest generation of IBM’s AI-ready servers, built for high-performance and mission-critical workloads across platforms like AIX, Linux, IBM i, and SAP Cloud ERP.
• Multizone Region (MZR):
  • A cloud architecture featuring multiple availability zones within a region, offering enhanced fault tolerance, disaster recovery, and high availability.
• SAP Cloud ERP on IBM Power:
  • An offering that allows enterprises to deploy SAP’s enterprise resource planning system on IBM’s Power Virtual Servers, combining flexibility with secure cloud infrastructure.
• Hybrid Cloud:
  • A cloud computing environment that uses a mix of on-premises, private cloud, and public cloud services, allowing enterprises to manage workloads more effectively.

Tabular Summary:

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8. Which Chennai-based aerospace company recently announced a $30 million investment plan, including the acquisition of Joined Alloys and expansion of its Chennai facility?
A) HAL
B) Bharat Forge Aerospace
C) TASE Global
D) L&T Defence
E) Mahindra Aerospace
Answer: C) TASE Global

Event and Location:

• Event: TASE Global announces $30 million expansion through organic and inorganic routes
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu (India) and Phoenix, Arizona (USA)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • TASE Global has invested $30 million, including $12 million to acquire Arizona-based Joined Alloys and $18 million for a brownfield expansion of its Sriperumbudur factory near Chennai.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance global aerospace manufacturing capabilities, transition from engine parts to aerostructures, increase revenue, and consolidate all aerospace functions under one roof as part of a four-year growth strategy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Organic and Inorganic Expansion:
  • Organic growth refers to internal expansion (e.g., factory expansion), while inorganic growth involves mergers/acquisitions (e.g., purchase of Joined Alloys in the US).
• Brownfield Expansion:
  • Development of new facilities on existing factory land to expand operations and enhance capabilities—in this case, in Sriperumbudur.
• Greenfield Facility:
  • A new, 250,000 sq. ft. factory proposed near Chennai between 2026–2028, consolidating machining, sheet metal, surface treatment, assembly, etc.
• Aerostructures:
  • Structural components of an aircraft, such as fuselage and wings, representing a shift from TASE’s focus on engine components.
• Joined Alloys:
  • An Arizona-based aerospace company specializing in precision machining, welding, sheet metal, and testing, now acquired by TASE Global.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs October 15

9. Who has been appointed as the new MD and CEO of Hyundai Motor India, effective January 1, 2026?
A) RC Bhargava
B) Kenichi Ayukawa
C) Unsoo Kim
D) Tarun Garg
E) Shailesh Chandra
Answer: D) Tarun Garg

Event and Location:

• Event: Tarun Garg appointed as new MD & CEO of Hyundai Motor India and $5 billion investment plan announced
• Location: India (Hyundai Motor India HQ)
• Date: October 15, 2025 (announcement); effective from January 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Hyundai Motor India Ltd has appointed Tarun Garg as the next Managing Director and CEO, succeeding Unsoo Kim. Alongside, the company unveiled a $5.07 billion (₹45,000 crore) investment plan for capacity expansion and R&D.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen Hyundai’s position in the Indian market by expanding production, upgrading products, enhancing R&D capabilities, and maintaining strong growth post its IPO, while also promoting local leadership in its India operations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tarun Garg:
  • Currently the Chief Operating Officer of Hyundai India and formerly associated with Maruti Suzuki, he becomes the first Indian to lead Hyundai’s India operations.
• Hyundai Motor India:
  • India’s second-largest carmaker, known for models like Creta, i20, Venue; a wholly owned subsidiary of South Korea’s Hyundai Motor Company, operational in India since 1996.
• Initial Public Offering (IPO):
  • In 2024, Hyundai Motor India launched a $3.3 billion IPO, the largest in India’s history, enhancing investor confidence and market visibility.
• R&D Investment:
  • 60% of the $5 billion investment will be used to build research and development infrastructure, supporting product innovation, EVs, and sustainable technology.
• Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR):
  • Hyundai projects a 7% CAGR in domestic sales for the next five years, aiming for double-digit core earnings margins (11–14%) from FY26 to FY30.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Who has been announced as the President-Elect of FICCI for the year 2025–26?
A) Harsha Vardhan Agarwal
B) Gautam Singhania
C) Anant Goenka
D) Rajiv Kumar
E) Sanjiv Mehta
Answer: C) Anant Goenka

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Anant Goenka as President-Elect of FICCI for 2025–26
• Location: Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir (FICCI NECM announcement); AGM to be held in New Delhi
• Date: October 14, 2025 (announcement); AGM on November 28–29, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The FICCI National Executive Committee announced Anant Goenka, currently Senior Vice President of FICCI and Vice Chairman of RPG Group, as the President-Elect for 2025–26. He will succeed Harsha Vardhan Agarwal following FICCI’s 98th Annual General Meeting.
• Objectives:
  • To ensure smooth leadership transition at India’s apex business chamber and leverage Goenka’s extensive industry experience for policy advocacy, industry engagement, and economic development initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• FICCI (Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry):
  • One of India’s oldest and most influential business chambers, representing Indian industry and commerce across sectors, founded in 1927.
• President-Elect:
  • A designated successor to the current president of FICCI, officially taking charge at the end of the current president’s term during the Annual General Meeting.
• RPG Group:
  • A $5 billion diversified conglomerate, chaired by Harsh Goenka, with interests in tyres (CEAT), infrastructure, pharma, IT, and specialty sectors.
• Deming Grand Prize:
  • A prestigious Japanese quality award; CEAT, under Anant Goenka’s leadership, became the first tyre company in the world to win this in 2023.
• Kabiller Science of Empathy Prize:
  • Awarded by Kellogg School of Management for promoting empathy in leadership, won by Goenka in 2023.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs October 15

11. What is the name of Microsoft’s newly launched generative AI photo generator developed in-house?
A) Copilot AI
B) MAI-Voice-1
C) Imagen-4
D) MAI-Image-1
E) GPT Image-1
Answer: D) MAI-Image-1

Event and Location:

• Event: Microsoft unveils its in-house generative AI photo generator MAI-Image-1
• Location: Redmond, Washington (Global Launch)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Microsoft has launched MAI-Image-1, a text-to-image generator AI model that creates photorealistic and artistic images based on user prompts, using its own in-house generative AI capabilities.
• Objectives:
  • To offer creators a fast, flexible, and stylistically diverse image generation tool that delivers real-world creative value while avoiding generic outputs and reinforcing Microsoft’s independent presence in the generative AI landscape.

Important Terms Explained:

• MAI-Image-1:
  • Microsoft’s in-house generative AI model for text-to-image conversion; designed for creative professionals with support for multiple visual styles like photorealism, claymation, line art, water painting, and more.
• MAI-Voice-1:
  • An AI-based voice generator, also developed in-house by Microsoft, part of the broader MAI (Microsoft AI) series.
• Copilot AI:
  • Microsoft’s productivity-focused AI assistant, integrated with Office tools and powered by OpenAI’s GPT models, unlike MAI-Image-1 which is independently built.
• Generative AI:
  • A class of AI models that create content such as images, text, music, or voice by learning patterns from training data; examples include ChatGPT, DALL·E, and Imagen.
• Text-to-Image Model:
  • A generative AI system that transforms written prompts into visual content, used in creative design, media, advertising, and more.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs October 15

12. Which two companies are part of the consortium that signed a ₹659.47 crore deal with the Ministry of Defence for night sights for assault rifles?
A) BEL and BHEL
B) DRDO and HAL
C) MKU Ltd and Medbit Technologies Pvt Ltd
D) Tata Advanced Systems and L&T Defence
E) OFB and Bharat Dynamics
Answer: C) MKU Ltd and Medbit Technologies Pvt Ltd

Event and Location:

• Event: ₹659.47 crore defence deal signed for procurement of advanced Night Sights
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Ministry of Defence signed a contract with a consortium led by MKU Ltd and Medbit Technologies Pvt Ltd for the procurement of Image Intensifier Night Sights for 7.62 x 51mm SIG 716 assault rifles used by the Indian Army.
• Objectives:
  • The objective is to significantly enhance the night-fighting capabilities of soldiers by allowing them to engage targets up to 500 metres even under low-light or starlit conditions, thereby improving operational effectiveness and supporting the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative in defence manufacturing.

Important Terms Explained:

• Night Sight (Image Intensifier): An optical device that amplifies low light to allow better visibility at night; improves the soldier’s ability to detect and engage targets in dark or starlit environments.
• Buy (Indian-IDDM): A category under Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) signifying Buy (Indian – Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured); requires at least 50% indigenous content and a design developed in India.
• Aatmanirbharta in Defence Manufacturing: Part of the broader Aatmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) initiative, aimed at reducing import dependence by promoting domestic defence production and supporting local industries, especially MSMEs.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Where is the fifth edition of the Indo-Indonesian bilateral maritime exercise ‘Samudra Shakti – 2025’ being conducted?
A) Port Blair
B) Jakarta
C) Visakhapatnam
D) Kochi
E) Andaman Sea
Answer: C) Visakhapatnam

Event and Location:

• Event: Fifth Edition of Bilateral Maritime Exercise ‘Samudra Shakti – 2025’ between Indian Navy and Indonesian Navy
• Location: Visakhapatnam, India
• Date: October 14–17, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Indian Navy is conducting the fifth edition of Exercise Samudra Shakti with the Indonesian Navy, involving INS Kavaratti and KRI John Lie, from October 14–17, 2025, at Visakhapatnam.
• Objectives:
  • The exercise aims to enhance interoperability, foster mutual understanding, and share best maritime practices between the two navies, while reinforcing regional cooperation and security in the Indo-Pacific.

Important Terms Explained:

• Exercise Samudra Shakti:
  • A bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and Indonesian Navy initiated to enhance maritime cooperation and interoperability; held regularly since its inception in 2018.
• INS Kavaratti:
  • An Anti-Submarine Warfare Corvette of the Indian Navy’s Eastern Fleet under Eastern Naval Command, designed for stealth and specialized submarine detection operations.
• KRI John Lie:
  • A Corvette of the Indonesian Navy, equipped with an integral helicopter, designed for maritime security and surface warfare roles.
• VBSS (Visit, Board, Search and Seizure):
  • A standard naval practice involving boarding a vessel suspected of illegal activities for inspection; used in anti-piracy, counter-terrorism, and maritime law enforcement.
• Eastern Naval Command (ENC):
  • One of the three command structures of the Indian Navy headquartered at Visakhapatnam, responsible for the eastern seaboard of India.

Tabular Summary:

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14. What is the main theme of the Indian Navy seminar being held on 16 October 2025 in New Delhi?
A) Maritime Climate Resilience and Blue Economy
B) Cybersecurity in the Maritime Sector and its National Impact
C) Naval Modernisation and Strategic Partnerships
D) Artificial Intelligence in Naval Warfare
E) Coastal Infrastructure and Disaster Preparedness
Answer: B) Cybersecurity in the Maritime Sector and its National Impact

Event and Location:

• Event: Seminar on Impact of Cyber Attacks on Maritime Sector and Its Effects on National Security and International Relations
• Location: Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi
• Date: October 16, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Indian Navy is organising a high-level seminar focused on understanding and mitigating cyber threats to the maritime sector, featuring expert panels and stakeholder engagement.
• Objectives:
  • The seminar aims to enhance national cybersecurity awareness, facilitate civil-military cooperation, promote public-private partnerships, and strengthen India’s strategic maritime posture under MAHASAGAR, Aatmanirbhar Bharat, Maritime India Vision 2030, and Amrit Kaal Vision 2047.

Important Terms Explained:

• MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across the Regions):
  • An Indian vision aimed at ensuring peace, stability, and prosperity across the Indo-Pacific by promoting maritime cooperation and regional security.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat:
  • A government initiative promoting self-reliance through indigenous innovation, especially in critical sectors like defence, cybersecurity, and infrastructure.
• CERT-In (Indian Computer Emergency Response Team):
  • The national nodal agency under MeitY for responding to cybersecurity threats and incidents in India.
• NCIIPC (National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre):
  • A government body under NSCS tasked with protecting India’s critical digital infrastructure from cyber threats.
• Maritime India Vision 2030:
  • A long-term plan by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways to transform India’s port infrastructure and maritime logistics ecosystem.
• Amrit Kaal Vision 2047:
  • India’s strategic roadmap for becoming a developed nation by 2047, with an emphasis on infrastructure, innovation, and national security.
• DSCI (Data Security Council of India):
  • An industry body promoting cybersecurity and data protection, partnering in the Tech Exhibition showcasing indigenous defence-tech innovations.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Which two aircraft carriers led the first-ever combined carrier operations during Exercise KONKAN-25?
A) HMS Queen Elizabeth and INS Vikramaditya
B) HMS Dauntless and INS Kolkata
C) HMS Prince of Wales and INS Vikrant
D) HMS Richmond and INS Tabar
E) HMS Ocean and INS Mormugao
Answer: C) HMS Prince of Wales and INS Vikrant

Event and Location:

• Event: First-ever combined carrier operations between Royal Navy and Indian Navy during Exercise KONKAN-25
• Location: Western Coast of India (Arabian Sea); port visits to Mumbai and Goa
• Date: October 5–12, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • During the bilateral maritime exercise KONKAN-25, the UK’s Carrier Strike Group (CSG 25) and the Indian Navy conducted combined carrier operations for the first time, led by HMS Prince of Wales and INS Vikrant, featuring advanced maritime drills and aerial exercises.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance interoperability, conduct joint anti-submarine warfare (ASW), anti-air, and surface warfare operations, and deepen defence cooperation between India and the UK, including agreements on naval electric propulsion systems and joint defence production.

Important Terms Explained:

• Carrier Strike Group (CSG):
  • A naval task force centered around an aircraft carrier and its supporting ships (destroyers, frigates, support vessels) designed for sustained maritime operations. The UK’s CSG 25 was led by HMS Prince of Wales.
• INS Vikrant:
  • India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-1), commissioned in 2022; serves as a flagship of the Indian Navy’s maritime ambitions and a platform for MiG-29K fighter operations.
• KONKAN Exercise:
  • A long-standing bilateral maritime exercise between the Indian Navy and the Royal Navy, focused on increasing maritime cooperation and combined operational readiness.
• F-35B Lightning II:
  • A fifth-generation stealth fighter jet capable of short takeoff and vertical landing (STOVL), operated by the UK from HMS Prince of Wales.
• Electric Propulsion Agreement:
  • A £250 million inter-governmental agreement between India and the UK for collaboration in developing electric propulsion systems for Indian naval platforms, potentially involving Rolls Royce’s MT-30 engine.
• Lightweight Multirole Missile (LMM):
  • An advanced short-range missile system; part of a government-to-government deal worth up to £350 million for India’s defence forces.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 15

16. For which term was India elected to the United Nations Human Rights Council for the seventh time?
A) 2024–26
B) 2025–27
C) 2026–28
D) 2027–29
E) 2023–25
Answer: C) 2026–28

Event and Location:

• Event: India elected to the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) for the 7th time
• Location: United Nations, Geneva, Switzerland
• Date: October 15, 2025 (announcement); Term: 2026–2028

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • India has been elected to the 47-member UN Human Rights Council for the 2026–28 term, marking its seventh tenure since the council’s formation.
• Objectives:
  • To reinforce India’s global commitment to human rights, fundamental freedoms, and international cooperation, promoting its core values of justice, equality, and global unity, rooted in its Constitution and the principle of Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.

Important Terms Explained:

• UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC):
  • A Geneva-based intergovernmental body within the UN system composed of 47 member states, responsible for promoting and protecting human rights globally, and conducting universal periodic reviews of member countries.
• Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam:
  • An ancient Indian philosophy meaning “the world is one family”, symbolizing India’s approach of global unity, openness, and mutual respect in international diplomacy.
• Permanent Representative to the UN:
  • Parvathaneni Harish, India’s Permanent Representative to the UN in Geneva, confirmed India’s election and reaffirmed its human rights commitments.
• Fundamental Rights:
  • Rights enshrined in the Constitution of India guaranteeing equality, liberty, and justice for all citizens, forming the foundation of India’s human rights agenda.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which country’s border security forces will be trained by India as part of a capacity-building programme announced in October 2025?
A) Vietnam
B) Bhutan
C) Mongolia
D) Sri Lanka
E) Nepal
Answer: C) Mongolia

Event and Location:

• Event: India announces training support for Mongolia’s border security forces
• Location: New Delhi, India (during Mongolia President’s state visit)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • India and Mongolia have expanded their strategic partnership by launching new cooperation initiatives in defence, digital infrastructure, energy, and people-to-people exchanges, including a capacity-building programme for Mongolia’s border security forces and the appointment of a Defence Attaché to the Indian Embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen bilateral defence cooperation, enhance regional security, and deepen cultural, economic, and spiritual ties as part of the 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations and 10th anniversary of the strategic partnership between India and Mongolia.

Important Terms Explained:

• Capacity-Building Programme:
  • Initiatives aimed at improving the skills, systems, and institutions of partner countries. India’s training of Mongolian border forces is part of broader defence cooperation and knowledge sharing.
• Strategic Partnership:
  • A long-term diplomatic arrangement that includes cooperation across defence, economy, culture, and international platforms. India and Mongolia established their strategic partnership in 2015.
• Indo-Pacific Vision:
  • A shared geopolitical approach by India and Mongolia promoting a free, open, inclusive, and rules-based Indo-Pacific region that respects international law and sovereignty.
• Defence Attaché:
  • A military officer appointed to an embassy to represent their country’s defence and security interests abroad. India will appoint one to its Embassy in Ulaanbaatar, enhancing defence ties.
• Holy Relics (Sariputra and Maudgalyayana):
  • India will send the sacred relics of Lord Buddha’s disciples to Mongolia in 2026 to strengthen spiritual and cultural bonds rooted in shared Buddhist heritage.

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs October 15

18. As of October 2025, what percentage of India’s rural households have been provided with tap water connections under the Jal Jeevan Mission?
A) 62%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%
E) 100%
Answer: C) 80%

Event and Location:

• Event: Jal Jeevan Mission achieves 80% tap water coverage in rural households
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • To ensure every rural household in India has access to functional household tap water connections (FHTC) under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched in August 2019.
• Objectives:
  • To provide 55 litres per person per day of safe and adequate drinking water by 2024 (initial goal), ensuring sustainability, functionality, and local-level governance for long-term impact.
  • Now focuses on service delivery, water source sustainability, and real-time monitoring.

Important Terms Explained:

• Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM):
  • A flagship scheme under the Ministry of Jal Shakti, launched in August 2019, to provide tap water connections to all rural households in India by 2024.
• Peyjal Samvad:
  • A newly launched platform for District Collectors to exchange best practices, encourage innovation, and strengthen local implementation and accountability in rural water governance.
• eGram Swaraj:
  • A digital platform for monitoring Panchayati Raj institutions and local governance, now integrated with village-level water tracking under JJM.
• PM Gati Shakti:
  • A national master plan for multi-modal connectivity, converged with schemes like JJM to enhance delivery efficiency and infrastructure alignment.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 15

19. What is the theme of the 16th International Railway Equipment Exhibition (IREE) 2025 inaugurated by Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw?
A) Indian Railways: Innovation for the World
B) High-Speed Future of Indian Railways
C) Viksit Bharat through Smart Railways
D) Future-Ready Railways
E) Next-Gen Trains, Global Standards
Answer: D) Future-Ready Railways

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the 16th International Railway Equipment Exhibition (IREE) 2025
• Location: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, India
• Date: October 15–17, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Union Minister for Railways, Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw, inaugurated the 16th IREE 2025 themed ‘Future-Ready Railways’, highlighting India’s rail transformation roadmap including Vande Bharat 4.0, Amrit Bharat 4.0, and dedicated passenger corridors under Viksit Bharat Vision 2047.
• Objectives:
  • To promote innovation, indigenous manufacturing, high-speed rail development, and global export capacity in Indian Railways, while showcasing progress in infrastructure, safety, sustainability, and future-ready rail technology.

Important Terms Explained:

• IREE (International Railway Equipment Exhibition):
  • Asia’s largest and world’s second-largest railway exhibition organised biennially to showcase technological innovations and advancements in the rail sector.
• Viksit Bharat Vision 2047:
  • A national roadmap aimed at making India a developed nation by 2047, including ambitious goals for infrastructure like 7,000 km of dedicated high-speed passenger corridors.
• Vande Bharat Trains:
  • India’s indigenous semi-high-speed trainsets known for quick acceleration and modern amenities; Vande Bharat 4.0 is the upcoming generation targeting global standards in rail travel.
• Amrit Bharat Trains:
  • Long-distance express trains designed for enhanced passenger experience; future versions like Amrit Bharat 4.0 will feature push-pull technology and next-gen locomotives.
• KAVACH:
  • An indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system that prevents collisions and enhances railway safety.
• Amrit Bharat Station Scheme:
  • A government initiative to redevelop over 1,300 railway stations across India with modern facilities, smart infrastructure, and better passenger experience.

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20. Which Indian state recently identified 16 wetlands in a single batch for conservation and eco-tourism development?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Karnataka
C) Kerala
D) Andhra Pradesh
E) Telangana
Answer: D) Andhra Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Pradesh identifies 16 wetlands for conservation and eco-tourism
• Location: Andhra Pradesh (announced in Vijayawada)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Deputy Chief Minister K Pawan Kalyan, who oversees Forest & Environment, announced the formal identification and notification of 16 wetlands across Andhra Pradesh during the State Wetland Authority meeting.
• Objectives:
  • To conserve ecologically sensitive wetlands, prevent encroachments, promote groundwater recharge, and boost eco-tourism through biodiversity protection and sustainable local development initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• Wetlands:
  • Land areas saturated with water either permanently or seasonally, providing habitat for biodiversity, aiding groundwater recharge, and acting as natural carbon sinks.
• Digital Mapping of Wetlands:
  • Process of identifying and recording wetland locations and boundaries using geospatial technologies; Andhra Pradesh has digitally mapped 99.3% of its 23,450 wetlands.
• Eco-Tourism Corridor:
  • A development strategy to combine ecological conservation with sustainable tourism, creating local employment while preserving natural ecosystems like Sompeta Wetlands in Srikakulam.
• Kolleru Lake:
  • One of India’s largest freshwater lakes and a Ramsar Site in Andhra Pradesh. A proposed Kolleru Lake Management Authority is being considered as a model for other wetland protections.
• Bird Conservation Centres:
  • Special zones to protect and attract bird species, especially rare and migratory birds, as planned for Veerapuram and Punyakshetram.

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21. Which panchayat union in Tamil Nadu has seen development schemes worth ₹212.41 crore implemented over the last four years, as stated by the Salem District Collector?
A) Tharamangalam
B) Edappadi
C) Ayothiyapattinam
D) Valapady
E) Gangavalli
Answer: C) Ayothiyapattinam

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation of development schemes worth ₹212.41 crore
• Location: Ayothiyapattinam Panchayat Union, Salem District, Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Implementation of various development schemes amounting to ₹212.41 crore over the last four years in the Ayothiyapattinam Panchayat Union, covering infrastructure, public services, and rural development.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance rural infrastructure, improve quality of life in panchayat areas, and ensure holistic development in line with state-led local governance goals.

Important Terms Explained:

• Panchayat Union:
  • An administrative division in Indian local governance responsible for planning and executing developmental projects in rural blocks. Each union comprises several village panchayats.
• Development Schemes:
  • These refer to government-initiated rural development projects focusing on areas such as sanitation, roads, drinking water, housing, and education.
• District Collector:
  • The chief administrative and revenue officer of a district, responsible for implementing government schemes and maintaining law and order.

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22. By which year does the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) plan to utilise 100% municipal waste for road construction?
A) 2025
B) 2026
C) 2027
D) 2028
E) 2030
Answer: C) 2027

Event and Location:

• Event: NHAI’s announcement to recycle all municipal waste in road construction by 2027
• Location: India (announced at an engineering college near Chennai)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) will use 100% of India’s municipal waste in road construction by 2027.
  • Innovative use of bio-bitumen from livestock waste and hydrogen generation from municipal waste is also under research.
• Objectives:
  • To promote sustainable infrastructure, reduce carbon emissions, minimise urban waste pollution, and support India’s green economy and circular economy goals.
  • To meet India’s commitments under the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—specifically SDG 9 and SDG 12.

Important Terms Explained:

• NHAI (National Highways Authority of India):
  • An autonomous body under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways responsible for the development, maintenance, and management of national highways across India.
• Bio-Bitumen:
  • An alternative to traditional petroleum-based bitumen, bio-bitumen is derived from organic waste like livestock manure and offers better performance and lower environmental impact.
• Circular Economy:
  • An economic system aimed at eliminating waste and reusing resources through recycling and sustainable design, reducing pressure on natural resources.
• Green Hydrogen:
  • Hydrogen produced using renewable energy or from waste sources, used as a clean fuel with no carbon emissions—vital for future clean energy systems.

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23. Which of the following is not among the newly launched door-to-door freight and parcel services by Indian Railways?
A) Assured Transit Container Service (Delhi to Kolkata)
B) Door-to-Door Parcel Service (Mumbai to Kolkata)
C) Railway Goods Sheds as Logistics Hubs
D) Express Mail Drone Delivery Service
E) All of the above are valid services
Answer: D) Express Mail Drone Delivery Service

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of three integrated door-to-door freight and parcel services by Indian Railways
• Location: National (virtual inauguration by Railways Minister)
• Date: October 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Indian Railways has introduced three integrated door-to-door logistics services:
    1. Assured Transit Container Service (Delhi to Kolkata)
    2. Door-to-Door Parcel Service (Mumbai to Kolkata)
    3. Upgrading Railway Goods Sheds as Integrated Logistics Hubs
• Objectives:
  • To improve India’s freight logistics by enhancing last-mile delivery, reducing logistics cost, boosting modal shift to rail, and enabling faster cargo movement with assured transit times.
  • To reduce dependency on road transport and enhance the competitiveness of rail freight services.

Important Terms Explained:

• Assured Transit Container Service:
  • A time-bound freight train service connecting key cities with guaranteed delivery timelines, providing reliability for containerised freight movement.
• Door-to-Door Parcel Service:
  • A logistics model wherein parcels are picked up from the sender’s address and delivered directly to the recipient’s location using rail parcel vans, skipping traditional warehousing.
• Integrated Logistics Hubs:
  • Railway goods sheds will be upgraded into multimodal logistics nodes to act as collection, sorting, transshipment, and delivery centers for various cargo types.
• CONCOR (Container Corporation of India Ltd):
  • A PSU under the Ministry of Railways, CONCOR is India’s largest container freight operator responsible for managing rail-based containerised freight logistics.

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24. What is the main function of the newly launched LIMBS Live Cases Dashboard?
A) Digitize court judgments
B) Track court cases in real-time for government ministries
C) Provide e-filing services to citizens
D) Offer legal education to students
E) Conduct online hearings for civil cases
Answer: B) Track court cases in real-time for government ministries

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of LIMBS Live Cases Dashboard for real-time legal case tracking
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: October 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Ministry of Law and Justice launched the LIMBS Live Cases Dashboard, a real-time litigation tracking tool under the Legal Information Management and Briefing System (LIMBS).
• Objectives:
  • To enable real-time tracking of government-related court cases across Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts.
  • To enhance coordination and efficiency among 53 ministries and departments in handling ongoing legal cases.
  • To reduce litigation delays, miscommunication, and legal costs through improved digital monitoring.

Important Terms Explained:

• LIMBS (Legal Information Management and Briefing System):
  • A digital platform launched in 2015 to centralize and digitize litigation data involving the Government of India across various ministries and departments.
• LIMBS Live Cases Dashboard:
  • An interactive, real-time dashboard showing upcoming court hearings for the next seven days to help ministries prepare and respond to legal matters proactively.
• e-Governance:
  • The use of digital platforms and data-driven systems to enhance government service delivery, decision-making, and accountability.

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Over All Review

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