Daily Current Affairs May 05

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs May 05. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

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May 05 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs May 05

1. On which date is World Portuguese Language Day celebrated annually, as recognized by UNESCO and CPLP?
A) 21 February
B) 5 May
C) 26 September
D) 18 December
E) 23 April
Answer: B) 5 May

Event and Location:

• Event: World Portuguese Language Day
• Location: Globally observed, especially in CPLP member countries
• Date of Celebration: 5 May 2025
• Initiated By: Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries (CPLP)
• Recognized By: UNESCO (since 2019)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Celebrate and preserve the global heritage of the Portuguese language
• Objective 1: Promote the cultural and linguistic unity among CPLP nations
• Objective 2: Recognize Portuguese as a major language of international communication
• Objective 3: Highlight the diversity of Lusophone cultures across continents
• Objective 4: Encourage cross-border dialogue, cooperation, and education
• Objective 5: Strengthen multilingualism as a UNESCO core value

Important Terms Explained:

• Portuguese Language: A Romance language spoken by over 265 million people, primarily in the Southern Hemisphere, making it the most spoken language in that region
• CPLP (Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries): An intergovernmental organization founded in 1996, consisting of countries where Portuguese is an official language
• UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization): A UN agency that promotes global peace and cultural heritage through education, science, and language diversity
• Lusophone: Refers to Portuguese-speaking individuals or nations, emphasizing their shared linguistic and cultural identity
• Fado Music: A traditional form of Portuguese music known for its expressive and melancholic nature, often performed on this occasion

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs May 05

2. Where was the 2025 edition of the Khelo India Youth Games inaugurated by PM Narendra Modi?
A) New Delhi
B) Ahmedabad
C) Patna
D) Bhopal
E) Ranchi
Answer: C) Patna

Event and Location:

• Event: Khelo India Youth Games 2025 (7th edition)
• Inaugurated By: Prime Minister Narendra Modi (virtually)
• Date of Inauguration: May 4, 2025
• Primary Host Location: Patna, Bihar
• Other Host Cities: Rajgir, Bhagalpur, Gaya, Begusarai, and New Delhi

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Promote widespread grassroots sports participation and discover emerging athletic talent
• Objective 1: Strengthen sports infrastructure and support systems in states like Bihar
• Objective 2: Provide a national platform for young athletes to compete and prepare for international competitions
• Objective 3: Encourage inclusivity through the introduction of new-age sports like esports and sepaktakraw
• Objective 4: Showcase Bihar’s emergence as a capable multi-sport host with 38 Khelo India Centres
• Objective 5: Align India’s sports development strategy with the long-term vision for the 2036 Olympics

Important Terms Explained:

• Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG): A flagship initiative by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports to identify and nurture young athletic talent from across the country
• Sepaktakraw: A sport similar to volleyball, played with a rattan ball and using players’ feet, head, knees, and chest
• Esports (Demonstration Event): Competitive gaming, featured for the first time in KIYG, reflecting modern digital trends in youth sports
• Khelo India Centres: District-level sports centres under the Khelo India scheme offering coaching and support in specific sports disciplines
• 2036 Olympics Vision: India’s long-term ambition to host the 2036 Olympic Games, for which athlete development and infrastructure are being scaled

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs May 05

3. Which country topped the World Press Freedom Index 2025 released by Reporters Without Borders (RSF)?
A) Estonia
B) Finland
C) Norway
D) Netherlands
E) Sweden
Answer: C) Norway

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of the World Press Freedom Index 2025
• Location: Global (Published by Reporters Without Borders, RSF, headquartered in Paris, France)
• Release Date: May 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To evaluate and rank 180 countries based on the level of press freedom and media independence
• Objective 1: Assess safety, legal environment, media pluralism, and transparency in journalism
• Objective 2: Highlight global decline in journalistic freedom due to financial instability, ownership concentration, and censorship
• Objective 3: Draw attention to the challenges journalists face under authoritarian regimes and economic stress
• Objective 4: Promote global awareness and accountability regarding freedom of expression and press rights
• Objective 5: Provide actionable data for policymakers, civil society, and media organizations

Important Terms Explained:

• World Press Freedom Index: An annual ranking published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), evaluating press freedom in 180 countries based on political, legal, economic, and social indicators
• RSF (Reporters Without Borders): A global non-profit based in Paris that advocates for press freedom and protection of journalists worldwide
• Media Ownership Concentration: A scenario where media outlets are controlled by a few corporate or political entities, often limiting diversity and independent journalism
• Sedition Laws: Laws used to penalize speech or publications deemed as inciting rebellion against the government, often misused to suppress critical media
• Foreign Agent Legislation: Legal frameworks that target journalists or organizations receiving foreign funding, often used to stigmatize or restrict press activity

Tabular Summary:

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4. Which Indian state ranked first in the India Justice Report (IJR) 2025 among large and mid-sized states?
A) Andhra Pradesh
B) Telangana
C) Kerala
D) Karnataka
E) Maharashtra
Answer: D) Karnataka

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of the India Justice Report (IJR) 2025
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Published By: Multiple civil society partners including Tata Trusts, DAKSH, CHRI, Common Cause, TISS-Prayas, and Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy
• Edition: Fourth edition, launched in 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To evaluate the capacity and performance of India’s justice delivery systems using official government data
• Objective 1: Provide a quantitative assessment across police, prisons, judiciary, legal aid, and human rights
• Objective 2: Help policymakers, researchers, and civil society identify gaps and trends in justice administration
• Objective 3: Promote accountability and transparency in law enforcement, judicial processes, and correctional institutions
• Objective 4: Highlight structural deficiencies like underfunding, infrastructure gaps, backlogs, and staffing shortages
• Objective 5: Complement global benchmarks like the Rule of Law Index 2024

Important Terms Explained:

• India Justice Report (IJR): A data-driven report ranking Indian states on justice delivery across five pillars—police, judiciary, prisons, legal aid, and human rights commissions
• Rule of Law Index: A global ranking by the World Justice Project (WJP), assessing adherence to rule of law principles like justice, accountability, and corruption control
• Model Prisons and Correctional Services Act, 2023: A framework aimed at improving prison conditions, rehabilitation, and correctional administration
• Amitava Roy Committee: A high-level committee focused on prison reforms in India, named after Justice Amitava Roy
• Panel Lawyers & Paralegal Volunteers: Legal professionals appointed under National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) to provide free legal aid to eligible citizens

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs May 05

5. Which fintech company launched India’s first AI-powered Gold-Melting ATM in Hyderabad in 2025?
A) Paytm
B) Muthoot Finance
C) Goldsikka Pvt. Ltd.
D) PhonePe
E) Zerodha
Answer: C) Goldsikka Pvt. Ltd.

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of India’s first Gold-Melting ATM
• Location: Hyderabad, India
• Date of Launch: May 2025
• Company Behind Innovation: Goldsikka Pvt. Ltd.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To digitally revolutionise the traditional gold transaction ecosystem in India
• Objective 1: Introduce a secure, automated platform for gold buying, selling, and melting
• Objective 2: Enhance user experience through AI-powered testing and AR-based jewellery preview
• Objective 3: Enable financial inclusion by allowing individuals to monetise and digitise their personal gold holdings
• Objective 4: Promote legal and traceable gold transactions through Aadhaar verification and ID-based tracking
• Objective 5: Scale the innovation nationally and internationally by installing 200 machines within a year

Important Terms Explained:

• Gold-Melting ATM: An automated kiosk that enables users to deposit gold, which is then melted, tested for purity, valued, and monetised instantly
• Goldsikka Pvt. Ltd.: A Hyderabad-based fintech firm pioneering innovation in gold-based financial products, including India’s first gold ATM
• Artificial Intelligence (AI): Technology that powers automated decision-making, gold testing, and fraud detection in the ATM
• Augmented Reality (AR): Interactive tech used in the ATM for virtual jewellery try-ons
• Aadhaar Verification: A biometric-based ID authentication system in India, ensuring transaction legitimacy and user identification

Tabular Summary:

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6. Which Indian public sector bank reported a 10% decline in Q4 FY25 net profit and announced plans to raise ₹25,000 crore in equity during FY26?
A) Punjab National Bank
B) Union Bank of India
C) Canara Bank
D) State Bank of India
E) Bank of Baroda
Answer: D) State Bank of India

Event and Location:

• Event: Q4 FY25 Results Announcement and Equity Capital Plan by SBI
• Location: Pan-India (Headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra)
• Date of Announcement: May 3, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Disclose financial performance for Q4 and full FY25 and announce future capital-raising strategy
• Objective 1: Report a 10% YoY decline in standalone Q4 net profit to ₹18,643 crore
• Objective 2: Highlight 16% annual profit growth, showing strength in overall performance
• Objective 3: Announce ₹25,000 crore equity raise plan via QIP/FPO or other instruments for FY26
• Objective 4: Improve capital adequacy and lending capacity in anticipation of credit growth
• Objective 5: Reward shareholders with a ₹15.90 per share dividend for FY25

Important Terms Explained:

• Standalone Net Profit: Profit earned by the bank from its core banking operations, excluding subsidiaries
• Consolidated Net Profit: Includes earnings from subsidiaries like SBI Life, SBI Mutual Fund, etc.
• Gross NPA (Non-Performing Asset): Percentage of total loans that are in default or close to default
• QIP (Qualified Institutional Placement): A method for raising capital from institutional investors without a public issue
• FPO (Follow-on Public Offer): Issuance of additional shares by a listed company to raise funds after the IPO

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs May 05

7. Who has been re-elected as the Prime Minister of Australia in the 2025 general elections with a landslide victory?
A) Scott Morrison
B) Peter Dutton
C) Jacinda Ardern
D) Anthony Albanese
E) Malcolm Turnbull
Answer: D) Anthony Albanese

Event and Location:

• Event: Re-election of Anthony Albanese as Prime Minister of Australia
• Location: Australia
• Date of Election: May 2025
• Result Declared By: Australian Electoral Commission (AEC)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To continue Labor’s governance for a second consecutive term
• Objective 1: Address key national concerns like housing, healthcare, and climate change
• Objective 2: Ensure political stability amidst global anti-incumbency trends
• Objective 3: Revive momentum for reconciliation with Indigenous Australians post the failed Voice referendum
• Objective 4: Reinforce fairness and opportunity as endorsed public themes
• Objective 5: Strengthen international diplomatic relationships

Important Terms Explained:

• Labor Party: A major center-left political party in Australia focusing on social equity, public healthcare, and environmental action
• Voice referendum: A 2023 national vote to establish an Indigenous advisory body in Parliament, which was rejected by the public
• Australian Electoral Commission (AEC): An independent statutory authority that oversees federal elections and referenda in Australia
• Liberal-National Coalition: A center-right political alliance in Australia led in this election by Peter Dutton, who lost both the election and his seat
• Incumbency Curse: A global trend where ruling parties often lose re-election bids due to public dissatisfaction after one term

Tabular Summary:

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8. Who led the People’s Action Party (PAP) to a landslide victory in the 2025 Singapore General Election?
A) Heng Swee Keat
B) Lee Hsien Loong
C) Tharman Shanmugaratnam
D) Lawrence Wong
E) Pritam Singh
Answer: D) Lawrence Wong

Event and Location:

• Event: 2025 Singapore General Election
• Location: Singapore
• Date of Election: May 3, 2025
• Result Declared By: Elections Department, Singapore

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To secure continued political stability and economic resilience under new leadership
• Objective 1: Navigate Singapore through global trade disruptions and economic contraction
• Objective 2: Address domestic concerns like rising cost of living, housing affordability, and foreign workforce integration
• Objective 3: Reinforce confidence in the People’s Action Party (PAP) during leadership transition
• Objective 4: Provide strong governance amid regional geopolitical tensions and a looming global recession
• Objective 5: Initiate targeted policy reforms in housing and economic recovery under PM Lawrence Wong

Important Terms Explained:

• People’s Action Party (PAP): Singapore’s dominant political party since 1965, known for technocratic governance and strong economic performance
• Lawrence Wong: Current Prime Minister of Singapore since May 2024, formerly Deputy PM and Finance Minister
• Workers’ Party: Main opposition party in Singapore, retained 10 seats in the 2025 general election
• PMI (Purchasing Managers’ Index): An economic indicator reflecting the health of the manufacturing sector; a score below 50 denotes contraction
• GRC (Group Representation Constituency): A unique electoral division in Singapore where teams of candidates contest as a group to ensure minority representation

Tabular Summary:

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9. Who was recently recalled by the Indian government from the position of Executive Director at the IMF ahead of his tenure completion?
A) Raghuram Rajan
B) Shaktikanta Das
C) K.V. Subramanian
D) N.K. Singh
E) Arvind Subramanian
Answer: C) K.V. Subramanian

Event and Location:

• Event: Recall of India’s Executive Director at the International Monetary Fund
• Location: Washington, D.C. (IMF Headquarters)
• Effective Date of Recall: April 30, 2025
• Decision Authority: Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), Government of India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To reassess India’s representation at the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• Objective 1: Replace Dr. K.V. Subramanian due to alleged internal disagreements with IMF officials
• Objective 2: Address potential concerns over propriety regarding promotion of his book “India @ 100” while in office
• Objective 3: Reflect India’s increasing scrutiny of multilateral data standards and institutional transparency
• Objective 4: Preserve India’s strategic economic representation in global financial institutions
• Objective 5: Maintain influence within the IMF’s 25-member Executive Board

Important Terms Explained:

• Executive Director (IMF): A key official on the IMF’s Executive Board, representing one or more member countries and participating in decision-making on international financial policies
• International Monetary Fund (IMF): A global financial institution with 190+ member countries, aiming to ensure monetary cooperation, financial stability, and economic growth
• Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC): The top decision-making body in India responsible for high-level bureaucratic appointments
• India @ 100: A book authored by Dr. K.V. Subramanian, reportedly promoted during his IMF tenure, raising questions of propriety
• Chief Economic Adviser (CEA): A senior government role advising on economic policy; K.V. Subramanian served in this capacity from 2018 to 2021

Tabular Summary:

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10. Who has been appointed to temporarily represent India at the IMF Executive Board in May 2025 following K.V. Subramanian’s recall?
A) Raghuram Rajan
B) Arvind Subramanian
C) N.K. Singh
D) Parameswaran Iyer
E) V. Anantha Nageswaran
Answer: D) Parameswaran Iyer

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Parameswaran Iyer as interim Executive Director at the IMF
• Location: International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington D.C., USA
• Date of Appointment: Early May 2025
• Strategic Meeting Date: May 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Ensure uninterrupted Indian representation at the IMF Executive Board
• Objective 1: Temporarily replace K.V. Subramanian ahead of an important IMF vote
• Objective 2: Uphold India’s diplomatic position regarding financial support to Pakistan
• Objective 3: Secure Indian input on critical discussions like a $1.3 billion climate resilience loan
• Objective 4: Prevent automatic delegation of India’s vote to Sri Lanka’s alternate Executive Director
• Objective 5: Maintain influence in multilateral decisions and protect strategic regional interests

Important Terms Explained:

• IMF Executive Board: The governing body of the International Monetary Fund consisting of 25 Executive Directors representing member countries or constituencies
• Parameswaran Iyer: Former CEO of NITI Aayog, credited with leading the Swachh Bharat Mission; currently Executive Director at the World Bank
• Alternate ED: The default backup Executive Director, in this case, from Sri Lanka, who would have represented India if no interim was appointed
• Swachh Bharat Mission: A flagship Indian sanitation campaign aimed at eliminating open defecation and improving public health
• Pahalgam Incident: A terror attack in Jammu & Kashmir in April 2025, killing 26 tourists, influencing India’s diplomatic push at multilateral forums

Tabular Summary:

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11. Who has been named as Warren Buffett’s successor to become the next CEO of Berkshire Hathaway at the end of 2025?
A) Charlie Munger
B) Ajit Jain
C) Jamie Dimon
D) Greg Abel
E) Howard Buffett
Answer: D) Greg Abel

Event and Location:

• Event: Warren Buffett announces retirement as CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
• Location: Omaha, Nebraska, USA (Berkshire Hathaway Annual Shareholder Meeting)
• Announcement Date: May 3, 2025
• Effective Date of Retirement: End of 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Facilitate a strategic leadership transition at one of the world’s most influential conglomerates
• Objective 1: Appoint Greg Abel as successor to ensure continuity in leadership
• Objective 2: Preserve Berkshire Hathaway’s longstanding investment philosophy and decentralized management model
• Objective 3: Sustain long-term shareholder value and company stability
• Objective 4: Inspire market confidence and maintain investor trust in post-Buffett leadership
• Objective 5: Plan for future growth and adaptability under new leadership

Important Terms Explained:

• Warren Buffett: Legendary American investor, philanthropist, and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway since 1965, known as the “Oracle of Omaha”
• Berkshire Hathaway: A multinational conglomerate holding company known for owning businesses like Geico, BNSF Railway, and for investing in Apple, Bank of America, and American Express
• Greg Abel: Canadian executive and Vice Chairman of Berkshire’s non-insurance operations, involved with the company since 2000, viewed as Buffett’s natural successor
• Annual Shareholder Meeting: A widely followed event where major announcements and strategic decisions are disclosed to investors and stakeholders
• S&P 500: A benchmark U.S. stock market index; Berkshire Hathaway outperformed it in 2025 with a 19% stock price gain

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs May 05

12. Which rice varieties were recently launched by India as the world’s first officially unveiled genome-edited rice types?
A) IR64 and Swarna Sub1
B) Pusa Basmati 1 and MTU 1010
C) DRR Rice 100 (Kamla) and Pusa DST Rice 1
D) BPT 5204 and CR Dhan 310
E) Rajendra Bhagwati and Sabour Ardhjal
Answer: C) DRR Rice 100 (Kamla) and Pusa DST Rice 1

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of India’s first genome-edited rice varieties
• Location: Bharat Ratna C. Subramaniam Auditorium, NASC Complex, New Delhi
• Date of Announcement: May 4, 2025
• Announced By: Union Agriculture Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Transform India’s rice production through climate-resilient biotechnology
• Objective 1: Introduce DRR Rice 100 (Kamla) and Pusa DST Rice 1 as India’s first genome-edited rice varieties
• Objective 2: Boost crop yield, climate adaptability, and water-use efficiency
• Objective 3: Support India’s goal of becoming a global food basket
• Objective 4: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and promote climate-smart agriculture
• Objective 5: Enable India’s Second Green Revolution using modern gene-editing tools

Important Terms Explained:

• Genome Editing (CRISPR-Cas): A biotechnology technique that enables precise modifications in the DNA sequence without introducing foreign genes; classified as SDN 1 & SDN 2 for regulatory clarity
• DRR Rice 100 (Kamla): A genome-edited variety developed by ICAR-IIRR, based on Samba Mahsuri; matures early, uses less water, and emits fewer GHGs
• Pusa DST Rice 1: A stress-tolerant variety by ICAR-IARI, based on MTU 1010, showing significant yield increase in saline and alkaline soils
• ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research): Apex agricultural research body in India responsible for developing high-yield, climate-resilient crop varieties
• Second Green Revolution: Refers to India’s push for sustainable agricultural transformation through biotechnology and precision farming

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs May 05

13. Which Indian organization successfully conducted the maiden flight of a Stratospheric Airship Platform in May 2025?
A) ISRO
B) HAL
C) DRDO
D) NAL
E) BHEL
Answer: C) DRDO

Event and Location:

• Event: Maiden flight of Stratospheric Airship Platform
• Location: Sheopur, Madhya Pradesh, India
• Date of Trial: May 3, 2025
• Developed By: Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE), Agra, under DRDO

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To establish India’s indigenous capability in long-endurance, high-altitude surveillance platforms
• Objective 1: Conduct the first successful flight of the Stratospheric Airship Platform to validate performance
• Objective 2: Test onboard systems like envelop pressure control and emergency deflation systems
• Objective 3: Demonstrate altitude endurance at approximately 17 kilometers in the stratosphere
• Objective 4: Enable future deployments for ISR, earth observation, disaster management, and environmental monitoring
• Objective 5: Position India among the few countries with Stratospheric Lighter-than-Air (LTA) technology

Important Terms Explained:

• DRDO (Defence Research and Development Organisation): India’s premier defence R&D body under the Ministry of Defence, responsible for indigenous defence technology development
• ADRDE (Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment): A DRDO lab specializing in parachutes, airdrop systems, and lighter-than-air platforms, based in Agra
• Stratospheric Airship Platform: A high-altitude lighter-than-air (LTA) system designed to operate between 15–25 km for persistent surveillance and monitoring
• ISR (Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance): A critical military capability used for information gathering to support security, defence, and strategic decisions
• Lighter-than-Air (LTA) Systems: Aircraft that stay aloft using buoyant gases, used for surveillance and data collection over extended periods

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs May 05

14. Which African country joined the International Solar Alliance (ISA) as its 123rd member during its President’s 2025 state visit to India?
A) Nigeria
B) Angola
C) Kenya
D) South Africa
E) Ghana
Answer: B) Angola

Event and Location:

• Event: Angola’s State Visit to India and Accession to ISA
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date of Visit: May 2025
• Visiting Dignitary: President João Lourenço of Angola

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To strengthen bilateral ties between India and Angola through strategic agreements
• Objective 1: Sign MoUs in Ayurveda, agriculture, and cultural cooperation
• Objective 2: Enable Angola’s membership in the International Solar Alliance (ISA)
• Objective 3: Approve a $200 million defence Line of Credit (LOC) for Angola under India’s “Make in India” export push
• Objective 4: Promote clean energy, climate resilience, and capacity building in Africa
• Objective 5: Enhance cultural and diplomatic exchange through a structured programme from 2025 to 2029

Important Terms Explained:

• International Solar Alliance (ISA): An Indian-led intergovernmental organization promoting solar energy usage among countries located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn; aims to mobilize $1 trillion in investments by 2030
• Line of Credit (LOC): A government-backed financial instrument extended by India to friendly nations allowing procurement of goods and services, often for development or defence
• Make in India: A national program launched in 2014 to encourage domestic manufacturing and increase exports across sectors, including defence
• Ayurveda: A traditional Indian system of medicine focusing on holistic health and natural remedies, promoted internationally by India
• South-South Cooperation: Collaboration among developing nations, particularly in economic, technical, and cultural fields, to strengthen mutual development

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs May 05

15. Which Himalayan peak was successfully scaled by the ITBP in April 2025 as part of its historic Twin Peak Expedition?
A) Mt. Everest
B) Mt. Lhotse
C) Mt. Annapurna
D) Mt. Kanchenjunga
E) Mt. Makalu
Answer: E) Mt. Makalu

Event and Location:

• Event: ITBP’s successful ascent of Mt. Makalu during the Twin Peak Expedition
• Location: Himalayas, Nepal
• Date of Ascent: April 19, 2025
• Expedition Flag-off: March 21, 2025, from New Delhi

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Strengthen ITBP’s legacy in high-altitude operations and environmental responsibility
• Objective 1: Attempt the ascent of Mt. Makalu (8,485 m) and Mt. Annapurna (8,091 m) in a single expedition
• Objective 2: Reinforce training and endurance among personnel for mountain warfare readiness
• Objective 3: Promote environmental awareness by collecting 150 kg of non-biodegradable waste
• Objective 4: Highlight ITBP’s capabilities in disaster response, rescue operations, and beyond border security
• Objective 5: Extend ITBP’s record among the world’s 14 eight-thousanders

Important Terms Explained:

• Mt. Makalu: Fifth highest mountain in the world, located in the Himalayas of Nepal, rising to 8,485 metres
• Mt. Annapurna: Tenth highest mountain globally, also in Nepal, known for its difficulty and high fatality rate
• Eight-thousanders: A group of 14 mountains worldwide that rise above 8,000 meters; considered the most challenging for climbers
• Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP): A central armed police force under India’s Ministry of Home Affairs, specialized in high-altitude border security and mountain operations
• Twin Peak Expedition: A dual summit mission undertaken by ITBP to attempt Mt. Makalu and Mt. Annapurna in a single operation

Tabular Summary:

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16. What is the name of the unified digital platform being launched by the Election Commission of India to integrate 40+ electoral applications?
A) E-VoteNet
B) OneECI
C) ECINET
D) DigiVote Portal
E) MyElectApp
Answer: C) ECINET

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch announcement of ECINET, a unified electoral platform
• Location: India (Nationwide implementation by the Election Commission of India)
• Date of Announcement: May 4, 2025
• Conceptualized During: Conference of Chief Electoral Officers, March 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Digitally consolidate all electoral services under a single unified platform
• Objective 1: Replace and integrate over 40 existing electoral apps into a common interface
• Objective 2: Enhance user experience (UI/UX) for electors and officials
• Objective 3: Improve data accuracy and legal compliance through controlled access
• Objective 4: Ensure accessibility for over 100 crore electors and all electoral stakeholders
• Objective 5: Support India’s digital election governance through robust, secure systems

Important Terms Explained:

• ECINET: A centralized digital platform developed by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to unify electoral applications, improve efficiency, and simplify access for all electoral stakeholders
• BLO (Booth Level Officer): Grassroots election officials responsible for managing voter registration and electoral roll accuracy at the booth level
• cVIGIL: An ECI app for real-time reporting of election code violations by citizens
• Suvidha 2.0: A platform for political parties to request permissions for rallies and campaign activities
• RPA Acts 1950 & 1951: Representation of the People Acts, legal frameworks governing voter registration and the conduct of elections in India

Tabular Summary:

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17. At which global forum is India showcasing its SVAMITVA Scheme and Gram Manchitra platform in May 2025?
A) UN Climate Conference
B) Davos World Economic Forum
C) BRICS Summit
D) World Bank Land Conference
E) G20 Agriculture Ministers’ Meeting
Answer: D) World Bank Land Conference

Event and Location:

• Event: World Bank Land Conference 2025
• Location: World Bank Headquarters, Washington, D.C.
• Dates: May 5th to 8th, 2025
• India’s Representation: Shri Vivek Bharadwaj (Secretary, MoPR) and Shri Alok Prem Nagar (Joint Secretary, MoPR)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Promote India’s leadership in digital land governance and climate-responsive development
• Objective 1: Showcase the SVAMITVA Scheme and Gram Manchitra as scalable rural land governance models
• Objective 2: Highlight India’s achievement in providing legal ownership of rural properties through drone-based mapping
• Objective 3: Share India’s innovations in land use planning for climate action, disaster risk reduction, and solar energy deployment
• Objective 4: Reinforce India’s role in South-South cooperation by offering its models to other developing nations
• Objective 5: Align national land governance reforms with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Important Terms Explained:

• SVAMITVA Scheme: A government initiative launched in 2020 by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj to provide legal ownership of rural residential land using drone-based geospatial mapping
• Gram Manchitra: A digital planning tool using SVAMITVA data to aid village-level development, disaster preparedness, and infrastructure siting
• South-South Cooperation: A framework where developing countries share knowledge and innovations to address shared development challenges
• Geospatial Technology: Tools like drones and satellite imagery used for mapping and analyzing land and spatial data for governance purposes
• MoPR (Ministry of Panchayati Raj): Nodal agency overseeing rural governance and implementation of SVAMITVA and Gram Manchitra

Tabular Summary:

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18. What is the name of the 2025 operation launched by the CBI to dismantle online child sexual exploitation networks with international linkages?
A) Operation Megh Chakra
B) Operation Digital Shield
C) Operation Hawk 2025
D) Operation Safe Net
E) Operation Carbon
Answer: C) Operation Hawk 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Operation Hawk 2025 targeting global child sexual exploitation networks
• Location: India (CBI-led) with cross-border cooperation involving the United States and international law enforcement agencies
• Date: Announced and executed in early May 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To dismantle online child sexual exploitation networks and prosecute offenders using digital platforms
• Objective 1: Identify and arrest individuals engaged in cyber-enabled child sexual abuse
• Objective 2: Strengthen international collaboration in digital crime investigations
• Objective 3: Seize and analyze Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) found in digital devices
• Objective 4: Build a legal framework that supports cross-border law enforcement cooperation
• Objective 5: Ensure deterrence through successful prosecution and media awareness

Important Terms Explained:

• CBI (Central Bureau of Investigation): India’s premier investigative agency responsible for handling complex, high-profile, and international criminal cases
• Operation Hawk 2025: A targeted cybercrime crackdown by the CBI, launched with US cooperation, aimed at perpetrators involved in online child sexual exploitation
• Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM): Any visual content depicting sexually explicit conduct involving a minor, possession or distribution of which is criminalized under Indian and international law
• Discord and Arisu: Online communication platforms used in the exploitation cases to lure, threaten, and manipulate minors into sharing obscene content
• Operation Megh Chakra & Operation Carbon: Previous cybercrime operations conducted by the CBI to combat online child abuse and pornography circulation

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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