Daily Current Affairs July 22

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July 22 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs July 22

1. What is the official theme of World Brain Day 2025?
A) Brain Health and Equity
B) Brain Health for All
C) Brain Health for Ages
D) Neurology for Future
E) Healthy Brain, Healthy Life
Answer: C) Brain Health for Ages

Event and Location:

• Event: World Brain Day 2025 observed globally
• Location: International (coordinated by the World Federation of Neurology)
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: World Brain Day is observed annually to raise awareness about neurological health, promote early intervention, and educate the global population about brain-related disorders and healthy brain practices.
• Objectives:
  • To encourage lifelong commitment to brain health across all ages
  • To improve awareness, care access, and funding for neurological disorders
  • To promote research and education in neurology and public health policy
  • To reduce the global burden of stroke, dementia, epilepsy, and Parkinson’s through awareness and preventive action

Important Terms Explained:

• World Brain Day: An annual health awareness initiative started in 2014 by the World Federation of Neurology (WFN) to promote global brain health awareness.
• Neurological Disorders: Medical conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nerves, including stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
• Brain Health for Ages (2025 Theme): Emphasizes that brain care is important across all life stages — from maternal and childhood phases to adulthood and old age — and that early habits significantly impact lifelong cognitive function.
• Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs): A measure of overall disease burden expressed as the number of years lost due to ill health, disability, or early death. Neurological disorders are among the leading causes of DALYs globally.
• Cognitive Decline: The deterioration in memory and thinking skills, often linked to aging but preventable or manageable with lifestyle interventions and medical care.

Tabular Summary:

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2. When was the Indian National Flag officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly?
A) August 15 1947
B) January 26 1950
C) July 22 1947
D) August 14 1947
E) June 3 1947
Answer: C) July 22 1947

Event and Location:

• Event: National Flag Day commemorating Tiranga Adoption Day
• Location: Nationwide, India
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • India observes National Flag Day every year on July 22 to mark the adoption of the Tiranga by the Constituent Assembly in 1947.
  • Schools and institutions hold special events to spread awareness about the national flag’s symbolism and the Flag Code of India.
• Objectives:
  • To foster national pride, unity, and respect for the national flag.
  • To educate citizens about the flag’s history, significance, and proper usage.
  • To honour the sacrifices of freedom fighters and reflect on civic duties.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tiranga:
  • Refers to the Indian National Flag, comprising three horizontal bands of saffron (courage and sacrifice), white (truth and peace), and green (prosperity and environment), with the Ashoka Chakra in navy blue at the centre.
• Ashoka Chakra:
  • A 24-spoke navy blue wheel in the centre of the flag, symbolising the wheel of law (Dharma Chakra) and continuous progress of the nation.
• Flag Code of India:
  • A set of guidelines governing the usage, display, and hoisting of the Indian National Flag to uphold its dignity and sanctity.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Where did NABARD celebrate its 44th Foundation Day in 2025?
A) Mumbai
B) Guwahati
C) Ranchi
D) Itanagar
E) New Delhi
Answer: D) Itanagar

Event and Location:

• Event: NABARD celebrates its 44th Foundation Day
• Location: Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh
• Date: July 18, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • NABARD commemorated its 44th anniversary with a focus on cooperative-led rural development aligned with the UN International Year of Cooperatives 2025.
  • The event highlighted NABARD’s contributions in rural infrastructure, financial inclusion, and climate-resilient agriculture.
• Objectives:
  • Reaffirm commitment to cooperatives as instruments of rural empowerment
  • Promote green, inclusive growth and strengthen rural connectivity
  • Showcase NABARD’s role in credit flow, PACS digitization, SHGs, and off-farm enterprises
  • Celebrate grassroots leadership in cooperatives through stakeholder interactions and felicitation

Important Terms Explained:

• NABARD (National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development): Apex development financial institution focused on rural infrastructure, agriculture credit, and financial inclusion in India, especially through cooperative structures.
• RIDF (Rural Infrastructure Development Fund): A NABARD-led fund created to finance infrastructure projects in rural areas such as roads, irrigation, and bridges. In Arunachal Pradesh alone, ₹4,613 crore has been sanctioned for 485 projects.
• PACS (Primary Agricultural Credit Societies): Grassroots cooperative institutions that provide short-term and medium-term agricultural credit to farmers. NABARD is working to digitize these entities.
• UN-IYC 2025 (UN International Year of Cooperatives): A global campaign by the United Nations to highlight the role of cooperatives in building sustainable and inclusive economies.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs July 22

4. Who won the Freestyle Chess Grand Slam 2025 held in Las Vegas?
A) Magnus Carlsen
B) Arjun Erigaisi
C) Levon Aronian
D) R Praggnanandhaa
E) Hans Niemann
Answer: C) Levon Aronian

Event and Location:

• Event: Freestyle Chess Grand Slam 2025 – Final Standings
• Location: Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
• Date: July 21, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Freestyle Chess Grand Slam concluded in Las Vegas with international Grandmasters competing in a high-stakes, rapid-format tournament.
• Objectives: To promote Freestyle Chess as a competitive and audience-friendly variant, blending classical positional play with creative opening freedom and minimal theoretical preparation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Freestyle Chess (also known as Fischer Random or Chess960): A chess variant where the starting position of pieces is randomized, reducing reliance on memorized openings and emphasizing pure skill.
• Grandmaster (GM): The highest title awarded in chess by FIDE (World Chess Federation), held by all the players mentioned in the tournament.
• Opposite-Coloured Bishop Ending: A common endgame scenario where each player has bishops on different-colored squares; often leads to draws but can be decisive with precision.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Which country is set to host the FIDE World Cup 2025 from October 30 to November 27?
A) Russia
B) India
C) Norway
D) USA
E) Armenia
Answer: B) India

Event and Location:

• Event: India to host the FIDE World Cup 2025
• Location: India
• Date: Announced on 21 July 2025; tournament to be held from 30 October to 27 November 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India has been selected as the host for the FIDE World Cup 2025, a global knockout chess tournament featuring 206 players.
• Objectives: To advance global chess development, provide qualification paths for the 2026 FIDE Candidates Tournament, and strengthen India’s position as a leading chess nation.

Important Terms Explained:

• FIDE World Cup: A biennial chess tournament organized by the International Chess Federation (FIDE) that serves as a qualifying event for the Candidates Tournament, ultimately leading to the World Chess Championship.
• Candidates Tournament: A prestigious tournament where top players compete to challenge the reigning World Chess Champion.
• FIDE: Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE) is the governing body for international chess competitions. It organizes global championships and maintains official rating systems.
• Knockout Format: A tournament structure where the loser of each match is immediately eliminated, progressing towards a final winner.
• Chess Olympiad: A biennial team-based chess competition where nations compete for medals; India won gold in both the Open and Women’s sections in 2024.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs July 22

6. Which veteran Indian communist leader and former Kerala Chief Minister passed away in July 2025 at the age of 101?
A) EMS Namboodiripad
B) Pinarayi Vijayan
C) Prakash Karat
D) VS Achuthanandan
E) Sitaram Yechury
Answer: D) VS Achuthanandan

Event and Location:

• Event: Former Kerala CM and veteran CPM leader VS Achuthanandan passes away
• Location: Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • VS Achuthanandan, veteran Communist Party of India (Marxist) leader and former Chief Minister of Kerala, passed away at the age of 101 due to prolonged illness.
  • His body will be kept for public homage at AKG Centre and Darbar Hall, followed by a state funeral at Valiya Chudukadu burial ground.
• Objectives:
  • To honour the legacy and contribution of a lifelong communist, trade unionist, and political stalwart who shaped Kerala’s political and social reform landscape.
  • To recognize his dedication to people’s movements, land reforms, and transparency during his tenure.

Important Terms Explained:

• CPM (Communist Party of India-Marxist):
  • A major left-wing political party in India formed in 1964 after splitting from the CPI. It is based on Marxist-Leninist ideology and has significant influence in Kerala, Tripura, and West Bengal.
• Punnapra-Vayalar Uprising:
  • A major communist uprising in 1946 in Travancore (now Kerala) led by communist workers against the monarchy, which became a turning point in Kerala’s leftist politics.
• Munnar Eviction Drive:
  • A bold anti-encroachment initiative led by VS Achuthanandan during his CM tenure to reclaim illegally occupied government land in the Munnar hill station region.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs July 22

7. Which IIT-incubated startup recently raised ₹6.5 crore to expand its Blockchain-AI solutions globally?
A) Niramai
B) Plenome
C) Ather Energy
D) Fasal
E) Agnikul Cosmos
Answer: B) Plenome

Event and Location:

• Event: Plenome raises ₹6.5 crore in seed funding to expand Blockchain-AI solutions
• Location: Chennai, India (IIT Madras-incubated)
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Plenome has secured ₹6.5 crore in seed funding from domestic and international investors including Ovington Capital Partners, AADI, and Manish Gandhi.
• Objectives: To scale its Blockchain-AI based data security and remote voting solutions for sensitive domains such as healthcare and elections, and to expand into global markets.

Important Terms Explained:

• Plenome Technologies: An IIT Madras-incubated startup focused on Blockchain and AI-based data security technologies in healthcare and voting.
• BlockVote: A Blockchain-powered software developed by Plenome for secure, remote voting in large organisations, already used in IIT Madras Student Elections.
• Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT): A decentralized digital system for recording transactions, often referred to as Blockchain, used for secure and tamper-proof data storage.
• BlockTrack ‘OraganEase’: A Plenome solution for secure, AI-enabled organ donation database management being trialed with a South Indian organ transplant authority.
• Ashwin: Plenome’s AI-powered suite for healthcare data capture, maintenance, and analysis, under trial deployment.

Tabular Summary:

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8. According to the World Bank, how much investment will India require by 2050 for climate-resilient urban infrastructure?
A) $1.2 trillion
B) $4.0 trillion
C) $2.4 trillion
D) $5.8 trillion
E) $10.9 trillion
Answer: C) $2.4 trillion

Event and Location:

• Event: World Bank projects India’s climate-resilient urban infrastructure needs
• Location: India
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The World Bank, in collaboration with India’s Urban Development Ministry, released a report titled “Towards Resilient and Prosperous Cities in India”, highlighting the investment requirements and risks associated with climate change in urban areas.
• Objectives: To quantify infrastructure investment needs and encourage timely policy and financial interventions to protect India’s cities from climate-related risks such as flooding, heatwaves, and sea-level rise.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Bank: An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for development programs.
• Climate-Resilient Urban Infrastructure: Infrastructure systems (e.g., housing, transport, water, and waste) designed to withstand extreme weather events and long-term climate changes.
• Urban Flooding: A climate risk event caused by excessive rainfall overwhelming drainage systems, increasingly common due to poor infrastructure and climate change.
• Green Building Initiatives: Construction practices that reduce environmental impact through energy-efficient materials, water conservation, and sustainable resource use.
• Climate-Linked Fiscal Transfers: Funding mechanisms that allocate financial resources to regions or municipalities based on climate risk and adaptation needs.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which sector recorded the highest positive growth among the core industries in June 2025?
A) Refinery products
B) Electricity
C) Steel
D) Cement
E) Fertilisers
Answer: C) Steel

Event and Location:

• Event: Core sector output data released for June 2025
• Location: Pan-India (Data by Ministry of Commerce and Industry)
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Commerce and Industry released performance data of India’s eight core infrastructure sectors for June 2025.
• Objectives: To assess the health of the industrial economy through sector-wise output data, which also forms a significant input for calculating the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).

Important Terms Explained:

• Core Sector: Refers to eight key industries — coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, fertilisers, steel, cement, and electricity — that have a significant impact on the Indian economy and together hold a 40.27% weight in the IIP.
• Index of Industrial Production (IIP): A monthly economic indicator that measures the changes in the volume of production of industrial products during a given period.
• Ministry of Commerce and Industry: The nodal agency responsible for formulating and implementing policies relating to foreign trade, infrastructure, and industrial development in India.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs July 22

10. What is the primary reason Gita Gopinath is stepping down from the IMF in August 2025?
A) Health concerns
B) Political appointment in the US
C) To join Harvard University as a professor
D) Retirement from public service
E) To lead the World Bank
Answer: C) To join Harvard University as a professor

Event and Location:

• Event: Gita Gopinath resigns as First Deputy Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• Location: Washington, D.C., USA (IMF HQ) / Cambridge, Massachusetts (Harvard University)
• Date: Announcement on July 22, 2025; effective end-August 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Gita Gopinath, the first woman Chief Economist and later the First Deputy Managing Director (FDMD) of the IMF, will resign in August 2025.
  • She is returning to Harvard University as the inaugural Gregory and Ania Coffey Professor of Economics.
• Objectives:
  • To resume her academic career and continue contributing to research in international finance and macroeconomics.
  • To train the next generation of economists and influence global policy through academic thought leadership.
  • To focus on global economic challenges in an academic setting amid changing international governance dynamics.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Monetary Fund (IMF): A global financial institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., providing financial assistance, economic analysis, and support to member countries facing balance of payments crises.
• First Deputy Managing Director (FDMD): The second-highest-ranking official at the IMF, overseeing day-to-day management of global financial programs and macroeconomic surveillance.
• Harvard University – Gregory and Ania Coffey Professorship: A newly created economics chair at Harvard, where Gita Gopinath will return to teaching and academic research.
• Kristalina Georgieva: The current Managing Director of the IMF who praised Gopinath’s leadership during major global crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war.

Tabular Summary:

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11. Who has recently been appointed as the Managing Director and Group CEO of GIFT City?
A) Tapan Ray
B) Ajay Seth
C) Rajiv Kumar
D) Sanjay Kaul
E) Arvind Subramanian
Answer: D) Sanjay Kaul

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Sanjay Kaul as MD & Group CEO of GIFT City
• Location: GIFT City, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
• Date: July 21, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Sanjay Kaul, a 2001-batch IAS officer, has taken charge as Managing Director and Group CEO of Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City).
  • He succeeds Tapan Ray, who served since 2019 and played a key role in the city’s transformation into a global financial hub.
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen GIFT City’s international competitiveness in financial services.
  • Drive growth in IFSC (International Financial Services Centre), fintech, and global strategic partnerships.
  • Oversee infrastructure and policy development for cross-border financial ecosystems.

Important Terms Explained:

• GIFT City:
  • Gujarat International Finance Tec-City is India’s first International Financial Services Centre (IFSC), aimed at attracting global investors and creating a world-class financial hub.
  • Developed as a joint initiative by the Government of India and the Government of Gujarat.
• IFSC (International Financial Services Centre):
  • A financial hub that allows companies to offer international banking, insurance, asset management, and capital market services under liberalised regulations.
  • GIFT IFSC operates under the IFSCA (International Financial Services Centres Authority).
• Sanjay Kaul:
  • Senior IAS officer with over two decades of experience in public policy, infrastructure, economic reforms, and financial regulation.
  • Expected to bring expertise for expansion and globalisation of GIFT City.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Who has recently taken charge as the Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) under NITI Aayog?
A) Amitabh Kant
B) Ramesh Chand
C) Deepak Bagla
D) Arvind Panagariya
E) Rajiv Kumar
Answer: C) Deepak Bagla

Event and Location:

• Event: Deepak Bagla assumes charge as Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Deepak Bagla has officially assumed charge as the Mission Director of the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) under NITI Aayog.
  • He succeeds the leadership of AIM during its transition into an expanded innovation mandate.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen India’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem by leveraging Bagla’s strategic and international expertise.
  • To promote self-employment, innovation-driven growth, and inclusive development aligned with the vision of Viksit Bharat.

Important Terms Explained:

• Atal Innovation Mission (AIM):
  • A flagship initiative launched in 2016 by NITI Aayog to promote innovation, entrepreneurship, and startup culture across India through initiatives like Atal Tinkering Labs and Atal Incubation Centres.
• NITI Aayog:
  • The National Institution for Transforming India, a policy think tank of the Government of India that replaced the Planning Commission in 2015 to foster cooperative federalism and sustainable development.
• Invest India:
  • India’s national investment promotion and facilitation agency under DPIIT, known for assisting investors, startups, and facilitating foreign direct investment (FDI) in India.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs July 22

13. Which Indian digital governance initiative won the WSIS Champion Award 2025 under the category of cultural and linguistic diversity?
A) e-Gram Swaraj
B) Jan Dhan App
C) DigiGram Connect
D) Meri Panchayat App
E) Bharat Gram Mitra
Answer: D) Meri Panchayat App

Event and Location:

• Event: Meri Panchayat App wins WSIS Champion Award 2025
• Location: Geneva, Switzerland (award event); India (project implementation)
• Date: 10 July 2025 (award handed over)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Meri Panchayat App, developed by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj and National Informatics Centre, won the WSIS Champion Award 2025 under the Action Line Category on Cultural and Linguistic Diversity.
  • The app provides real-time access to panchayat-related data including budgets, projects, civic infrastructure, and governance tools.
• Objectives:
  • To empower rural citizens and elected representatives with digital access to governance data.
  • To enhance transparency, foster participatory democracy, promote cultural and linguistic inclusivity, and improve rural service delivery.

Important Terms Explained:

• Meri Panchayat App:
  • A multilingual mobile platform offering real-time, geo-tagged access to panchayat-level information, development plans, civic services, public audits, and grievances.
• WSIS Champion Award:
  • An international recognition presented under the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) by ITU and other UN bodies for exceptional digital projects impacting governance, education, diversity, and inclusion.
• Gram Panchayat Development Plans (GPDPs):
  • Structured planning tools that allow each Gram Panchayat to identify and implement its own development priorities through citizen participation.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs July 22

14. What is the theme of the Bengaluru Tech Summit 2025 (BTS 2025)?
A) Reimagine the Future
B) Technology for Tomorrow
C) Innovate for India
D) Futurise
E) Start Up and Scale
Answer: D) Futurise

Event and Location:

• Event: Bengaluru Tech Summit 2025 to bring together 20,000 startup founders
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka (Bangalore International Exhibition Centre – BIEC)
• Date: Scheduled from November 18 to 20, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Department of Electronics, IT, BT, and S&T, Government of Karnataka, will host the 28th edition of BTS 2025 with a focus on innovation, sustainability, and global collaboration.
• Objectives:
  • To showcase 10,000 startups and bring 20,000 startup founders on one platform
  • To promote sustainability and innovation in tech ecosystems
  • To expand tech outreach to tier-2 cities and attract global investors to local innovation clusters
  • To create a future-oriented and inclusive startup ecosystem through LEAP and the Startup Springboard initiatives

Important Terms Explained:

• Bengaluru Tech Summit (BTS): Karnataka’s flagship annual technology event bringing together innovators, startups, investors, and industry leaders globally across sectors such as biotech, IT, semiconductors, fintech, and spacetech.
• Startup Springboard: A BTS 2025 program to connect high-potential startups with investors, mentors, and global networks via pitches, mentoring clinics, and awards.
• LEAP (Local Economy Accelerator Program): A ₹1,000 crore initiative by the Karnataka government to develop tech clusters in cities beyond Bengaluru by supporting infrastructure and entrepreneurship.
• Futurise: The official theme of BTS 2025, emphasizing futuristic thinking, innovation, sustainability, and global impact.
• BIEC (Bangalore International Exhibition Centre): The venue for BTS 2025, chosen to enable green energy use and minimize diesel dependence.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs July 22

15. Where was the 13th High-Level Meeting between the Indian and Korean Coast Guards held?
A) Busan
B) Mumbai
C) Chennai
D) Seoul
E) New Delhi
Answer: E) New Delhi

Event and Location:

• Event: 13th High-Level Meeting between Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and Korea Coast Guard (KCG)
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India and South Korea held the 13th edition of their high-level maritime security meeting to discuss operational cooperation between their coast guards.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen collaboration in Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR), Pollution Response (PR), and Maritime Law Enforcement (MLE)
  • To reaffirm commitment under the 2006 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
  • To enhance interoperability and share best practices between ICG and KCG
  • To expand maritime industrial ties via visits to Indian defense shipyards

Important Terms Explained:

• Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR): Operations conducted to locate and help people in distress at sea, typically coordinated by maritime agencies like the Coast Guard.
• Pollution Response (PR): Measures and protocols implemented to manage and mitigate marine pollution incidents, including oil spills and hazardous discharges.
• Maritime Law Enforcement (MLE): Enforcement of laws at sea concerning illegal fishing, smuggling, piracy, and environmental violations.
• 2006 MoU: A Memorandum of Understanding signed between India and South Korea to institutionalize coast guard-level cooperation and joint maritime safety initiatives.
• Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL): One of India’s premier shipyards, located in Mumbai, known for building naval and coast guard vessels.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which region is the Indian Air Force focusing on for its major exercise scheduled from July 23–25, 2025?
A) Ladakh
B) Sikkim
C) Rajasthan
D) Arunachal Pradesh
E) Punjab
Answer: C) Rajasthan

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian Air Force to conduct major combat preparedness exercise
• Location: Rajasthan (covering Barmer to Jodhpur)
• Date: July 23 to July 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Air Force (IAF) will conduct a large-scale aerial and ground training operation over Rajasthan to enhance combat preparedness in a strategically sensitive desert region.
• Objectives:
  • To simulate war-like scenarios in desert conditions
  • To rehearse aerial dominance operations, both daytime and night-time
  • To test combat aircraft and defense coordination near the international border
  • To ensure interception readiness in regions vulnerable to drone or missile intrusions

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Air Force (IAF): The air arm of the Indian Armed Forces responsible for aerial defense and warfare.
• NOTAM (Notice to Airmen): A notice issued to alert civilian pilots and airlines about restricted or hazardous airspace due to military operations, ensuring safety and operational security.
• Rafale and Sukhoi-30: Advanced multi-role fighter jets in the IAF fleet used for both air-to-air and air-to-ground combat.
• Mirage 2000 & Jaguar: Tactical strike aircraft known for precision bombing and frontline deployment in wartime scenarios.
• Desert Warfare: A specialized combat strategy focusing on operations in hot, arid, and open terrains like Rajasthan, crucial for India’s western border defense.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Where was the keel laid for the first Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (NGOPV) of the Indian Coast Guard in July 2025?
A) Garden Reach Shipbuilders Kolkata
B) Cochin Shipyard Limited
C) Goa Shipyard Limited
D) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd Mumbai
E) Hindustan Shipyard Ltd Visakhapatnam
Answer: D) Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd Mumbai

Event and Location:

• Event: Keel laying of first Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (NGOPV) for Indian Coast Guard
• Location: Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL), Mumbai
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Construction of six Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessels (NGOPVs) under a contract signed on 20 December 2023.
  • Keel of Yard 16401 (first vessel) laid at MDL Mumbai.
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen Indian Coast Guard’s maritime capabilities with technologically advanced, indigenous patrol vessels.
  • Promote self-reliance in defense manufacturing under Buy (Indian-IDDM) and Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

Important Terms Explained:

• Next Generation Offshore Patrol Vessel (NGOPV):
  • Advanced class of offshore patrol vessels for ICG with enhanced surveillance, endurance, and operational flexibility, featuring AI-based maintenance and remote piloting capabilities.
• Integrated Bridge System (IBS):
  • A navigation control system integrating multiple shipboard systems for safer, more efficient vessel operations.
• Buy (Indian-IDDM):
  • A defense procurement category referring to Indigenous Design, Development & Manufacturing, prioritizing Indian-made products with high local content.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat:
  • A national mission aimed at achieving self-reliance in key sectors including defense by encouraging local production and innovation.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs July 22

18. What is the incentive amount announced under PM Modi’s new employment scheme for first-time private sector employees?
A) ₹10,000
B) ₹12,000
C) ₹15,000
D) ₹18,000
E) ₹20,000
Answer: C) ₹15,000

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ₹15,000 incentive scheme for first-time private sector employees
• Location: Motihari, East Champaran, Bihar
• Date: July 19, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a ₹15,000 incentive for individuals joining private sector jobs for the first time, during a public rally in Motihari.
  • The scheme will be implemented from August 1, 2025, and is backed by a ₹1 lakh crore budget.
• Objectives:
  • To reduce youth unemployment in Bihar and similar regions
  • To discourage outward migration by creating local job opportunities
  • To incentivize formal sector participation and build a self-reliant Bihar
  • To align youth with non-government employment avenues through direct financial support

Important Terms Explained:

• First-Time Private Sector Employment Scheme (₹15,000 Incentive): A newly announced central government initiative offering direct financial support to youth entering private jobs for the first time, with a focus on eastern states like Bihar.
• Formal Sector Employment: Jobs that offer legal contracts, social security benefits, and are recorded in official labor systems, unlike informal or daily wage work.
• Migration Reduction Policy: Measures aimed at creating local employment to curb the need for youth to relocate to other states or urban centers for work.
• Self-Reliant Bihar (Aatmanirbhar Bihar): A regional adaptation of the national Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision to ensure economic development and job creation within the state.

Tabular Summary:

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19. From which date will Andhra Pradesh issue zero fare bus tickets to women under its new travel scheme?
A) August 1, 2025
B) August 10, 2025
C) August 15, 2025
D) September 1, 2025
E) October 2, 2025
Answer: C) August 15, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Pradesh government to launch zero fare bus tickets for women
• Location: Andhra Pradesh
• Date: Scheme effective from August 15, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Andhra Pradesh government will provide zero fare tickets to women passengers on APSRTC buses from August 15, 2025.
  • Tickets will include details of route, distance, subsidy, and savings.
• Objectives:
  • Promote gender equity in transportation by making travel affordable and accessible for women.
  • Implement a sustainable and data-driven model for subsidized transport without financially burdening APSRTC.
  • Encourage the transition to eco-friendly electric buses and develop supporting infrastructure like solar energy and EV charging.

Important Terms Explained:

• Zero Fare Ticket Scheme: A government initiative offering free public bus travel to women passengers; in this case, through APSRTC buses in Andhra Pradesh.
• APSRTC (Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation): The state-run public transportation corporation managing bus services across Andhra Pradesh.
• Electric Buses: Environment-friendly buses powered by electricity; part of the state’s plan to modernize and decarbonize public transport fleets.
• Renewable Energy Model: The proposed strategy to use solar and other renewable sources to power APSRTC operations and reduce costs.
• Revenue-Generating Charging Infrastructure: Charging stations for electric buses to be installed not just for APSRTC buses but also open to third parties to generate additional income.

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20. What is the purpose of Puducherry’s One-Time Regularisation Scheme (OTRS) launched in 2025?
A) To build new affordable housing for all citizens
B) To demolish unauthorised constructions in rural zones
C) To regularise unauthorised buildings built between 1987 and 2025
D) To promote green buildings across Puducherry
E) To provide free land titles to encroachers
Answer: C) To regularise unauthorised buildings built between 1987 and 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of One-Time Regularisation Scheme (OTRS) for unauthorised constructions
• Location: Puducherry
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Puducherry Government introduced OTRS 2025 to address building violations and unauthorised constructions across the Union Territory.
  • Applicable to buildings constructed between May 1, 1987 and July 16, 2025.
• Objectives:
  • Provide legal recognition to existing unauthorised structures.
  • Prevent punitive actions like demolition and disconnection of public utilities.
  • Ensure compliance with urban planning laws.
  • Facilitate transparent and efficient processing via digital applications through OBPS.

Important Terms Explained:

• One-Time Regularisation Scheme (OTRS):
  • A government initiative launched to legalise past construction violations and promote structured urban governance.
  • Offers fee-based regularisation of residential, mixed-use, and multi-storey buildings built over a 38-year period.
• Online Building Permission System (OBPS):
  • A digital platform developed by NIC to facilitate submission, scrutiny, and approval of building plans and regularisation applications.
  • Ensures transparency and efficiency in urban governance.
• Regularisation Charges:
  • Charges levied based on building use type:
    • ₹500/sq.m for residential
    • ₹750/sq.m for mixed-use/special buildings
    • ₹1,000/sq.m for multi-storeyed buildings

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs July 22

21. Which of the following statements is true about Captain Williamson Sangma State University (CWSSU)?
A) CWSSU requires CUET for all PG admissions
B) CWSSU is a central university established in 2015
C) CWSSU offers PG courses only at the Shillong campus
D) CWSSU is Meghalaya’s first state-run university offering PG courses for 2025–26
E) CWSSU does not have UGC recognition
Answer: D) CWSSU is Meghalaya’s first state-run university offering PG courses for 2025–26

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of PG admissions by Meghalaya’s first state-run university
• Location: Meghalaya (Tura and Shillong campuses)
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The university has started accepting applications for postgraduate programmes across multiple disciplines for the academic session 2025–26.
• Objectives: To expand higher education access in Meghalaya by offering flexible, CUET-exempt postgraduate admissions through a state-run institution.

Important Terms Explained:

• Captain Williamson Sangma State University (CWSSU): A state-run university established in 2011, officially recognised by the UGC under Section 2(f) of the UGC Act, and operational from 2025.
• CUET (Common University Entrance Test): A national-level entrance test mandated by NEP 2020 for admissions to central universities, which is not required for PG admissions at CWSSU.
• Special Plan Assistance: A funding mechanism through which CWSSU’s permanent campus in Tura was developed with an allocation of ₹16.96 crore.

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22. What is the approved Market Intervention Price (MIP) for Totapuri mangoes under the 2025–26 scheme?
A) ₹1,290.50 per quintal
B) ₹1,650.00 per quintal
C) ₹1,490.73 per quintal
D) ₹1,320.00 per quintal
E) ₹1,430.25 per quintal
Answer: C) ₹1,490.73 per quintal

Event and Location:

• Event: Centre approves Market Intervention Price (MIP) and Price Deficiency Payment (PDP) for Totapuri mangoes
• Location: Andhra Pradesh (Totapuri mango growing areas, mainly Chittoor district)
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare has approved Price Deficiency Payment (PDP) under the Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) for 1.62 lakh tonnes of Totapuri mangoes at a fixed Market Intervention Price (MIP) of ₹1,490.73 per quintal for the 2025–26 season.
• Objectives: To protect mango farmers from distress sales and market crashes by ensuring remunerative prices through direct support and shared funding between the Centre and State governments.

Important Terms Explained:

• Market Intervention Scheme (MIS): A Central Government scheme implemented during the peak harvest season to protect perishable commodities’ prices, like fruits and vegetables, by offering government-supported procurement when market prices fall below a threshold.
• Price Deficiency Payment (PDP): A component under MIS that provides direct compensation to farmers when market prices fall below the government-declared MIP, without needing physical procurement.
• Market Intervention Price (MIP): The support price declared under MIS to ensure minimum revenue to farmers. For Totapuri mangoes in 2025–26, it is fixed at ₹1,490.73 per quintal.
• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): A government mechanism to directly transfer subsidies or payments (like PDP) into farmers’ bank accounts to ensure transparency and reduce delays.

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23. Where is India’s first Centre of Excellence for Hornbill Conservation being established?
A) Sunderbans Tiger Reserve
B) Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
C) Annamalai Tiger Reserve
D) Kaziranga National Park
E) Satpura Tiger Reserve
Answer: C) Annamalai Tiger Reserve

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s first hornbill conservation centre to be established
• Location: Annamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR), Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu
• Date: Announcement made on July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Establishment of a Centre of Excellence for Hornbill Conservation at ATR under Tamil Nadu’s Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Forests.
  • Funded through ₹1 crore from the Endangered Species Conservation Corpus Fund.
• Objectives:
  • Protect and conserve four hornbill species native to the Western Ghats
  • Conduct scientific research, habitat mapping, and climate impact studies
  • Promote community-based conservation models
  • Facilitate education, awareness, and training on hornbill ecology and biodiversity

Important Terms Explained:

• Hornbills (“Farmers of the Forest”): Large birds known for their vital role in seed dispersal and forest regeneration, making them critical to ecosystem health.
• Annamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR): A key biodiversity hotspot in Tamil Nadu known for its conservation successes involving tigers, elephants, and lion-tailed macaques.
• Centre of Excellence for Hornbill Conservation: A first-of-its-kind facility focusing on hornbill research, habitat restoration, and conservation awareness in India.
• Endangered Species Conservation Corpus Fund: A dedicated state fund to support conservation efforts for threatened species and their habitats.
• Phenological Studies: Scientific studies that monitor seasonal biological events (like fruiting and flowering), crucial for understanding hornbill feeding ecology.

Tabular Summary:

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24. Which initiative was recently launched at the Delhi Legislative Assembly to promote paperless governance?
A) Digi Sabha Portal
B) e-Vidhan Connect
C) NeVA Seva Centre
D) Bharat e-Samvidhan Hub
E) LokPath Portal
Answer: C) NeVA Seva Centre

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of NeVA Seva Centre and completion of Phase 1 of NeVA Project
• Location: Delhi Legislative Assembly Complex, New Delhi
• Date: July 21, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of the NeVA (National e-Vidhan Application) Seva Centre as part of India’s digital legislative transformation.
  • Successful completion of Phase 1 of the NeVA project in Delhi, moving towards a paperless legislative assembly.
• Objectives:
  • Improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability in legislative procedures.
  • Provide MLAs with digital access to House business, questions, and session documents via the NeVA app.
  • Enable training and digital support through a dedicated NeVA training centre to ensure a smooth tech transition.
  • Align with Digital India and the One Nation, One Application mission.

Important Terms Explained:

• NeVA (National e-Vidhan Application): A digital platform developed by the Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs to automate and digitize legislative processes in Indian assemblies and the Parliament.
• One Nation, One Application: A government initiative to integrate all legislative houses across India onto a single digital platform to streamline legislative functioning.
• Digital India Mission: A flagship program launched in 2015 aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
• NeVA Seva Centre: A digital training and support facility inaugurated within legislative assemblies to help legislators adopt NeVA effectively.

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25. What is the key objective of the Bima Sakhi Yojana launched by LIC in partnership with the Rural Development Ministry?
A) Provide free life insurance to farmers
B) Train rural women for insurance agent careers
C) Fund microfinance institutions
D) Offer pension to women above 60
E) Promote financial literacy in urban schools
Answer: B) Train rural women for insurance agent careers

Event and Location:

• Event: LIC signs MoU with Rural Development Ministry to promote Bima Sakhi Yojana
• Location: Goa (at the ‘Anubhuti’ National Conclave on Financial Inclusion)
• Date: MoU signed during July 8–10, 2025; announced on July 21, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and the Ministry of Rural Development signed an MoU to scale up the Bima Sakhi Yojana.
  • The scheme was introduced at the ‘Anubhuti’ conclave organized by the Ministry.
• Objectives:
  • To empower rural women by offering them an insurance distribution career path.
  • Align the program with the goals of DAY-NRLM to boost household income and financial independence.
  • Support financial inclusion and increase insurance penetration in rural India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bima Sakhi Yojana: A women-exclusive, performance-based agency model by LIC offering monthly stipends (₹7,000 in Year 1, ₹6,000 in Year 2, ₹5,000 in Year 3) and career opportunities in insurance sales with full LIC agent benefits.
• LIC (Life Insurance Corporation of India): India’s largest insurance company providing life and health insurance products, with a significant rural reach.
• Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM): A flagship rural poverty alleviation program aimed at enhancing household income and livelihoods through self-employment and women’s collectives (SHGs).
• Anubhuti Conclave: A national-level event organized by the Ministry of Rural Development to showcase successful initiatives in financial inclusion and rural empowerment.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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