Daily Current Affairs July 21

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs July 21. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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July 21 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Sports – Daily Current Affairs July 21

1. Who is heading the ICC’s newly formed working group to explore the two-tier Test cricket system?
A) Jay Shah
B) Richard Gould
C) Sanjog Gupta
D) Todd Greenberg
E) Geoff Allardice
Answer: C) Sanjog Gupta

Event and Location:

• Event: Formation of ICC’s working group on two-tier Test cricket and revival discussions of Champions League T20 (CLT20)
• Location: Singapore (ICC AGM)
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The ICC has constituted an eight-member working group headed by Sanjog Gupta to explore the feasibility of a two-tier structure for Test cricket starting from the next cycle (2027-2029). Additionally, ICC is considering the re-launch of Champions League T20 (CLT20) from 2026.
• Objectives: To enhance competitiveness in Test cricket through structured promotion/relegation and to revive CLT20 as an international club competition for T20 franchises, strengthening engagement and commercial opportunities in global cricket.

Important Terms Explained:

• Two-Tier Test System: A proposed restructuring of Test cricket into two divisions of six teams each with promotion and relegation, aimed at increasing competitive balance and viewership.
• World Test Championship (WTC): An ongoing ICC initiative to maintain the relevance of Test cricket through structured international competition.
• Champions League T20 (CLT20): A defunct T20 tournament for top-performing domestic/franchise teams from major cricket-playing nations, last held in 2014.

Tabular Summary:

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2. At which position did India finish at the 66th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) 2025?
A) 5th
B) 7th
C) 6th
D) 4th
E) 8th
Answer: B) 7th

Event and Location:

• Event: India secures 7th rank at 66th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) 2025
• Location: Sunshine Coast, Australia
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India’s six-member team participated in the 66th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO), securing 3 Gold, 2 Silver, and 1 Bronze medals, achieving its joint-best-ever rank of 7th globally.
• Objectives: To foster excellence in mathematics among Indian students, enhance India’s reputation in global mathematics competitions, and encourage participation in STEM education through international platforms.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO): The oldest and most prestigious global mathematics competition for pre-university students. It promotes problem-solving skills and mathematical excellence among youth.
• Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE): A national centre under TIFR, responsible for conducting Olympiad programmes in India across various scientific disciplines.
• Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR): A premier Indian institution for advanced research in science and mathematics, headquartered in Mumbai.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Which country’s players won three championships at the BWF Japan Open 2025?
A) Japan
B) South Korea
C) France
D) China
E) Malaysia
Answer: D) China

Event and Location:

• Event: China wins three titles at BWF Japan Open 2025
• Location: Tokyo, Japan
• Date: 20 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Chinese badminton players secured three titles at the BWF Japan Open 2025 in men’s singles, women’s doubles, and mixed doubles categories.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen China’s position in global badminton.
  • To enhance the reputation of Chinese players on the BWF World Tour through consistent international victories.

Important Terms Explained:

• BWF (Badminton World Federation): The global governing body for the sport of badminton, responsible for organizing world tournaments like the BWF World Tour.
• Japan Open: A major tournament on the BWF World Tour, attracting top-ranked international badminton players annually.
• Mixed Doubles: A badminton discipline where one male and one female player form a team.

Tabular Summary:

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4. Which two drivers shared honours in the MRF Formula 2000 category at the Indian National Car Racing Championship 2025 (Round 1)?
A) Arjun Nair and Nigel Abraham Thomas
B) Arjun Chheda and Ishaan Madesh
C) Biren Pithawalla and Arjun Balu
D) Aditya Patnaik and Aman Nagdev
E) Bhuvan Bonu and Kesara Godage
Answer: B) Arjun Chheda and Ishaan Madesh

Event and Location:

• Event: First Round of the MRF MMSC FMSCI Indian National Car Racing Championship 2025
• Location: Kari Motor Speedway, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 20 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The first round of India’s premier National Car Racing Championship 2025 concluded with teenagers securing key victories across various categories including MRF Formula 2000, Formula 1600, and Touring Cars.
• Objectives:
  • Promote motorsports talent among India’s youth through competitive racing platforms.
  • Identify and nurture future Indian motorsport champions through structured national-level racing championships.
  • Provide a platform for emerging drivers to compete in professional racing categories.

Important Terms Explained:

• MRF MMSC FMSCI Indian National Car Racing Championship: India’s premier circuit racing championship, held annually, encompassing multiple categories such as F2000, F1600, LGB 1300, and Touring Cars.
• MRF F2000 / F1600: Open-wheel single-seater racing formats in India, acting as feeder series for higher-level motorsport competitions.
• Formula LGB 1300: A junior-level, entry-category formula racing series in India for young racers to gain experience in competitive motorsports.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs July 21

5. What is the primary reason REITs and InvITs are expanding debt fundraising in 2025?
A) Increased government grants
B) Falling corporate bond yields and cheaper funding
C) Relaxed RBI regulations for foreign investors
D) Growing demand for IPOs in real estate
E) Decline in insurance premiums
Answer: B) Falling corporate bond yields and cheaper funding

Event and Location:

• Event: Expansion of debt fundraising by REITs and InvITs as bond yields fall
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) in India are increasingly raising funds through bonds due to favorable interest rates and strong investor demand.
• Objectives: To leverage falling bond yields and improved credit ratings to secure low-cost capital, enabling higher returns to unit holders, greater flexibility in fund utilization, and sustained growth in infrastructure and real estate sectors.

Important Terms Explained:

• REIT (Real Estate Investment Trust): A regulated investment vehicle pooling investor funds to manage income-generating real estate assets, required to distribute at least 90% of net distributable income.
• InvIT (Infrastructure Investment Trust): Similar to REITs but focused on infrastructure assets like roads, power, and telecom. Structured to deliver stable, long-term cash flows.
• Corporate Bond Yield: The return investors earn from corporate bonds; lower yields make debt cheaper for borrowers, encouraging more bond issuance.

Tabular Summary:

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6. Ashok Leyland recently signed an MoU with which bank for financing Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MHCVs)?
A) State Bank of India
B) Union Bank of India
C) Chhattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank
D) Bank of Baroda
E) Punjab National Bank
Answer: C) Chhattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank

Event and Location:

• Event: Partnership between Ashok Leyland and Chhattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank for vehicle financing
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Signing of MoU between Ashok Leyland and Chhattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank (CRGB) to facilitate vehicle financing solutions for Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicle (MHCV) customers across Chhattisgarh.
• Objectives: To provide customised, flexible financing options for Ashok Leyland customers through CRGB’s extensive banking network, thereby improving customer accessibility to commercial vehicle finance.

Important Terms Explained:

• Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (MHCV): Vehicles with higher load-carrying capacity, primarily used in transportation and logistics sectors for carrying goods over medium to long distances.
• MoU (Memorandum of Understanding): A formal agreement outlining cooperation between two parties to achieve a common objective without creating legally binding obligations.
• Chhattisgarh Rajya Gramin Bank (CRGB): A regional rural bank (RRB) operating in Chhattisgarh, focused on providing rural and semi-urban banking services, including credit for agriculture, MSMEs, and vehicle finance.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Which Payments Bank was recently added to the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934?
A) Airtel Payments Bank
B) India Post Payments Bank
C) Paytm Payments Bank
D) NSDL Payments Bank
E) Fino Payments Bank
Answer: D) NSDL Payments Bank

Event and Location:

• Event: Inclusion of NSDL Payments Bank Limited in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934
• Location: India
• Date: Notified on June 19, 2025, published on July 10, 2025, reported on 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has added NSDL Payments Bank Limited to the Second Schedule of the RBI Act, 1934, recognizing it as a Scheduled Bank.
• Objectives:
  • To grant scheduled status allowing the bank access to RBI’s liquidity facilities and participation in clearinghouses.
  • To enhance financial inclusion and digital banking services through regulatory recognition.
  • To reinforce the bank’s credibility and trust within the financial ecosystem.

Important Terms Explained:

• Second Schedule of RBI Act, 1934: A list of banks recognized as Scheduled Banks by RBI, eligible for privileges such as borrowing at the bank rate and access to RBI liquidity facilities.
• Scheduled Bank: A bank meeting RBI’s regulatory criteria on capital adequacy, governance, solvency, and public interest, thus included in the Second Schedule of the RBI Act.
• NSDL Payments Bank: A Mumbai-headquartered payments bank focusing on small savings accounts, remittance services, and financial inclusion for underserved segments.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs July 21

8. Who has recently been appointed as the Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) in July 2025?
A) Amitabh Kant
B) Deepak Bagla
C) Rajiv Kumar
D) Anurag Jain
E) Sanjeev Sanyal
Answer: B) Deepak Bagla

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Deepak Bagla as Mission Director of Atal Innovation Mission (AIM)
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Appointment of Deepak Bagla as Mission Director to lead the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) under NITI Aayog with a focus on advancing India’s innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem through strategic, outcome-driven initiatives.
• Objectives: To leverage Bagla’s leadership and expertise in investment promotion, policy, and innovation to strengthen India’s innovation landscape, nurture startups, and contribute to the vision of a Viksit Bharat through inclusive and sustainable innovation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Atal Innovation Mission (AIM): A flagship initiative under NITI Aayog aimed at promoting a culture of innovation, entrepreneurship, and startup growth through programs like Atal Tinkering Labs, Atal Incubation Centres, and Atal New India Challenges.
• Invest India: India’s national investment promotion and facilitation agency, recognized globally for its work in attracting investments and fostering entrepreneurship.
• Viksit Bharat: A government vision for building a developed, inclusive, and innovation-driven India aligned with long-term national growth objectives.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Who has been appointed as the new CEO of Renault Group India Operations, effective from September 1, 2025?
A) Venkatram Mamillapalle
B) Stephane Deblaise
C) Francois Provost
D) Luca de Meo
E) Thierry Bolloré
Answer: B) Stephane Deblaise

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Stephane Deblaise as CEO of Renault Group India Operations
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Stephane Deblaise appointed as CEO of Renault Group India to lead all India operations, define strategic direction, and execute the Group’s growth objectives in the Indian market from September 1, 2025.
• Objectives: To leverage Deblaise’s leadership to strengthen Renault’s position in India, align India’s operations with Renault’s global ambitions, and support the Group’s mid-term growth strategy for India as a key pillar in global plans.

Important Terms Explained:

• Renault Group: A leading global automobile manufacturer headquartered in France, known for innovative mobility solutions, partnerships, and multi-energy vehicle production.
• Renault India Private Limited (RIPL): The Indian subsidiary of Renault Group managing manufacturing, marketing, and operations for Renault in India.
• Multi-Energy Vehicle Production: Manufacturing facilities that produce vehicles supporting various fuel types, including electric, hybrid, and traditional internal combustion engines.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Who has been appointed as the new Director (Finance) of Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI) in July 2025?
A) Sunita Sharma
B) Sushma Sahu
C) Madhubala Kalluri
D) Deepa Rajan
E) Anjali Gupta
Answer: C) Madhubala Kalluri

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Madhubala Kalluri as Director (Finance) of MIDHANI
• Location: India
• Date: 19 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Appointment of Madhubala Kalluri as Director (Finance) of Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI) by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) after selection by the Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB).
• Objectives: To strengthen MIDHANI’s financial management by leveraging Kalluri’s expertise in financial planning, risk management, and strategic budgeting to align with the company’s long-term goals and the Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative in the defence sector.

Important Terms Explained:

• MIDHANI (Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited): A Defence PSU under the Ministry of Defence, engaged in the production of specialised metals and alloys used in defence, aerospace, and nuclear sectors.
• Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC): A high-level government committee responsible for approving appointments to key positions in public sector enterprises and government departments.
• Public Enterprises Selection Board (PESB): A government body responsible for selecting top-level management personnel for Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) through a structured and transparent selection process.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs July 21

11. Who has been awarded ₹1 crore by Telangana CM Revanth Reddy for his contribution to the Oscar-winning song ‘Naatu Naatu’?
A) MM Keeravani
B) Rahul Sipligunj
C) Kaala Bhairava
D) Prem Rakshith
E) Chandrabose
Answer: B) Rahul Sipligunj

Event and Location:

• Event: ₹1 crore reward announced for Rahul Sipligunj by Telangana CM Revanth Reddy
• Location: Telangana, India
• Date: 20 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Telangana CM Revanth Reddy announced a ₹1 crore cash reward for singer Rahul Sipligunj in recognition of his global success through the Oscar-winning song ‘Naatu Naatu’ from RRR.
• Objectives: To honour and encourage local talent from Telangana, acknowledge Rahul Sipligunj’s achievement on the global stage, and inspire the youth of the state towards excellence in arts and culture.

Important Terms Explained:

• Naatu Naatu: A globally acclaimed Telugu song from the film RRR that won the Oscar for Best Original Song. Known for its vibrant music, choreography, and global cultural impact.
• Bonalu Festival: A traditional Telangana festival celebrated to honour Goddess Mahakali, during which the reward announcement was made.
• RRR: A 2022 Indian epic period action film directed by S. S. Rajamouli, based on fictionalized lives of freedom fighters Alluri Sitarama Raju and Komaram Bheem.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs July 21

12. What is ‘TVSE Aikya’ recently launched by TVS Electronics?
A) A fintech payment gateway
B) A logistics platform
C) An AI-OPS Infrastructure Managed Services platform
D) A new printer series
E) A consumer electronics retail portal
Answer: C) An AI-OPS Infrastructure Managed Services platform

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ‘TVSE Aikya’ Infrastructure Managed Services (IMS) Platform by TVS Electronics
• Location: Chennai, India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of TVSE Aikya, a next-generation AI-OPS Infrastructure Managed Services (IMS) platform by TVS Electronics to serve enterprise IT infrastructure needs.
• Objectives: To assist enterprises in modernising, securing, and scaling their IT infrastructure through integrated services covering cloud management, network services, cybersecurity, and workplace solutions with enhanced transparency and operational efficiency.

Important Terms Explained:

• Infrastructure Managed Services (IMS): A suite of outsourced IT services that help organisations manage their IT infrastructure, including networks, cloud, cybersecurity, and end-user systems.
• AI-OPS (Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations): The use of AI and machine learning to automate and enhance IT operations, improve performance, and reduce downtime.
• Hybrid Cloud Management: The administration of both private and public cloud environments in an integrated manner to optimize performance and security.

Tabular Summary:

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13. What is Microsoft’s main objective with its latest AI language initiative in Europe?
A) Translate legal documents faster
B) Expand cloud services in Asia
C) Enhance AI capabilities in European languages with insufficient data
D) Develop AI-powered hardware
E) Build search engines for government use
Answer: C) Enhance AI capabilities in European languages with insufficient data

Event and Location:

• Event: Microsoft’s announcement to strengthen AI language capabilities for European languages
• Location: Europe, with a key hub in Strasbourg, France
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Microsoft to establish AI research units in Strasbourg aimed at boosting AI’s performance across European Union languages through collection of multilingual data including audio recordings and book digitization.
• Objectives: To enhance AI models’ accuracy and effectiveness in non-English European languages to protect cultural diversity, support technological sovereignty, and make AI tools more accessible to native speakers.

Important Terms Explained:

• AI Multilingual Data: Datasets that include multiple languages to train Artificial Intelligence models, improving their performance in less-represented languages.
• Data Sovereignty: A principle where data is subject to the laws of the country where it is collected, ensuring local control over data infrastructure.
• Open-Source Basis: A practice where data and tools are shared publicly, allowing others to reuse, adapt, and improve them freely.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Under ISRO’s latest roadmap, by which year is India planning its first human moon landing mission?
A) 2030
B) 2035
C) 2040
D) 2028
E) 2045
Answer: C) 2040

Event and Location:

• Event: ISRO announces timeline for Indian space station by 2035 and human lunar mission by 2040
• Location: India (Convocation at IIITDM Kurnool)
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Under the leadership of ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan, India has unveiled a roadmap for establishing a national space station by 2035 and achieving a human moon landing by 2040.
• Objectives:
  • Establish India’s independent space station for long-duration missions, scientific research, and technological innovation.
  • Accomplish India’s first human lunar mission, enabling strategic autonomy in human spaceflight.
  • Cement India’s status as a leading space-faring nation through indigenous technology and innovation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO): India’s national space agency, known for achievements in satellite launches, planetary missions, and space exploration.
• Indian Space Station (Planned by 2035): A dedicated platform in Low Earth Orbit for Indian scientific and space research, supporting long-duration missions.
• Human Moon Mission (2040): India’s ambitious plan to land an astronaut on the Moon and safely return, establishing expertise in human deep-space missions.

Tabular Summary:

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15. What is the name of the two-stage indigenous malaria vaccine candidate being developed by ICMR?
A) CoviMalVax
B) PlasmoProtect
C) AdFalciVax
D) MalariaGuard
E) FalciShield
Answer: C) AdFalciVax

Event and Location:

• Event: ICMR developing novel two-stage malaria vaccine candidate, AdFalciVax
• Location: India (ICMR and partner institutes)
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is developing AdFalciVax, an indigenous chimeric recombinant malaria vaccine targeting two critical phases of Plasmodium falciparum.
• Objectives:
  • Provide dual-stage protection against malaria by targeting pre-erythrocytic and sexual stages of the parasite.
  • Reduce community transmission through mosquito vectors alongside individual protection.
  • Support India’s malaria elimination strategy through indigenous innovation under Make in India.
  • Ensure the vaccine offers broad protection, reduced immune evasion risk, and long-term immunity.

Important Terms Explained:

• ICMR (Indian Council of Medical Research): India’s apex body for biomedical research under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
• AdFalciVax: An indigenous, recombinant, multi-stage malaria vaccine candidate developed using Lactococcus lactis, targeting both pre-erythrocytic and sexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum.
• Plasmodium falciparum: The deadliest species of malaria-causing parasite, responsible for the most severe forms of the disease globally.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs July 21

16. What is the name of the last ship launched by GRSE under the ASW Shallow Water Craft project for the Indian Navy?
A) Arjun
B) Ajay
C) Arnala
D) Arindam
E) Anshul
Answer: B) Ajay

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the eighth and final Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC) for the Indian Navy
• Location: Kolkata, India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Completion of the construction and launch of 8 ASW Shallow Water Crafts by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE) for the Indian Navy to strengthen coastal defence capabilities.
• Objectives: To enhance India’s coastal anti-submarine warfare capability through advanced shallow water crafts equipped with modern sub-surface surveillance and anti-submarine combat systems, ensuring maritime security in littoral zones.

Important Terms Explained:

• Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW): Military operations designed to detect, track, and neutralize enemy submarines using torpedoes, ASW rockets, and surveillance equipment.
• Shallow Water Craft (SWC): Vessels specifically built for operations in coastal and shallow waters, capable of anti-submarine and mine-laying tasks.
• Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE): A leading Defence PSU in India specializing in the design and construction of warships for the Indian Navy.

Tabular Summary:

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17. India’s talks with global firms for high-resolution satellite imagery are aimed at enhancing which of the following?
A) E-commerce logistics
B) Space tourism
C) Agricultural data management
D) Military surveillance and real-time battlefield intelligence
E) Education sector mapping
Answer: D) Military surveillance and real-time battlefield intelligence

Event and Location:

• Event: India initiates talks with global commercial satellite imagery providers for enhanced military surveillance
• Location: India (Defence Sector)
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian government has begun discussions with global commercial earth-observation satellite companies to source high-resolution, real-time satellite imagery to enhance defence surveillance.
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen real-time battlefield surveillance and operational preparedness.
  • Address surveillance gaps identified after Operation Sindoor in May 2025.
  • Complement domestic capabilities with commercial satellite inputs from firms like Maxar Technologies.
  • Ensure faster decision-making, accurate targeting, and better troop tracking through improved surveillance technology.

Important Terms Explained:

• SBS-III (Space Based Surveillance-III Programme): An Indian initiative to deploy 52 surveillance satellites by 2029, with contributions from both ISRO and private Indian firms, to bolster defence space-based intelligence.
• Operation Sindoor: A military operation in May 2025, during which intelligence suggested China provided live satellite inputs to Pakistan, prompting India to reassess its satellite surveillance needs.
• Defence Space Agency (DSA): India’s dedicated military agency for space operations, responsible for operating and monitoring surveillance satellites.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs July 21

18. Which new bill passed by Rajya Sabha in July 2025 repeals the 169-year-old Indian Bills of Lading Act, 1856?
A) Shipping Modernisation Act, 2025
B) Bills of Lading Bill, 2025
C) Maritime Logistics Bill, 2025
D) Cargo Documentation Act, 2025
E) Trade & Commerce Act, 2025
Answer: B) Bills of Lading Bill, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Rajya Sabha passes the Bills of Lading Bill, 2025 during the Parliament Monsoon Session
• Location: India (Parliament, New Delhi)
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Passage of the Bills of Lading Bill, 2025 to repeal the Indian Bills of Lading Act, 1856 and establish a modern legal framework for the shipping sector’s bill of lading documentation.
• Objectives: To modernize India’s shipping laws, enhance legal predictability, support Atmanirbhar Bharat by boosting India’s position in global maritime trade, and strengthen India’s role as a shipping and logistics hub through digital documentation reforms.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bills of Lading: A legal document issued by a carrier to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. It is a key document in global shipping and trade.
• Bills of Lading Bill, 2025: A modern law replacing the outdated 1856 Act, aimed at streamlining documentation for cargo rights, enhancing trade facilitation, and aligning India’s shipping industry with international standards.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat: A government initiative to make India self-reliant in strategic sectors, including shipping, defence, and manufacturing.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which category under the ₹8500 crore Coal and Lignite Gasification scheme is exclusively meant for PSUs?
A) Category I
B) Category II
C) Category III
D) Category IV
E) Category V
Answer: A) Category I

Event and Location:

• Event: Government approval and update on Coal and Lignite Gasification Initiative
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Approval of ₹8500 crore incentive scheme to promote coal and lignite gasification projects in both PSUs and private sectors, establishment of joint ventures by Coal India Limited (CIL) with BHEL and GAIL, facilitation of coal linkage and supply for gasification projects through auction policies.
• Objectives: To encourage domestic production of syngas through coal gasification, reduce reliance on imports, promote cleaner industrial fuel alternatives, and incentivize both public and private sector investments in energy infrastructure.

Important Terms Explained:

• Coal and Lignite Gasification: A process converting solid coal/lignite into syngas, which can be further used to produce chemicals, fertilizers, fuels, and electricity.
• Non-Regulated Sector (NRS) Linkage Auction: A policy framework for auctioning coal supply to sectors other than power generation, supporting industrial uses such as gasification.
• Transfer of Technology (ToT) Waiver: Special permission granted by the Government allowing Indian entities to acquire technology from bordering nations on a case-by-case basis without mandatory registration.

Tabular Summary:

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20. Which institution implements the Scheme for Promotion of Culture of Science (SPoCS) in India?
A) Ministry of Education
B) Ministry of Science and Technology
C) National Council of Science Museums (NCSM)
D) Indian Space Research Organisation
E) NITI Aayog
Answer: C) National Council of Science Museums (NCSM)

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval and progress report on projects under Scheme for Promotion of Culture of Science (SPoCS)
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Implementation of science promotion infrastructure projects such as Science Centres, Science Cities, Innovation Hubs, and Digital Planetariums through NCSM under the Ministry of Culture, including state-wise sanctioned projects under SPoCS, Museum Grant Scheme (MGS), and Support to Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs).
• Objectives: To promote scientific temper, encourage scientific education and awareness among the public, especially in Tier-II cities, tribal areas, and regions with limited access to scientific infrastructure, and support cultural preservation through museums and research institutes.

Important Terms Explained:

• Scheme for Promotion of Culture of Science (SPoCS): A Government of India scheme aimed at establishing Science Centres, Innovation Hubs, Science Cities, and Digital Planetariums to cultivate scientific awareness and curiosity.
• Museum Grant Scheme (MGS): A scheme under the Ministry of Culture for establishing, modernizing, and upgrading museums across India to preserve and promote cultural heritage.
• Support to Tribal Research Institutes (TRIs): A Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the Ministry of Tribal Affairs providing financial assistance to State-level TRIs for conducting tribal research and preserving tribal heritage.

Tabular Summary:

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21. What is the primary objective of the SASCI Scheme of the Ministry of Tourism?
A) To fund start-ups in hospitality
B) To create state tourism boards
C) To develop iconic tourist centres to a global scale
D) To privatize tourist monuments
E) To regulate hotel tariffs
Answer: C) To develop iconic tourist centres to a global scale

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch and guidelines issued for Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI) scheme for tourism
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Financial and operational guidelines issued by the Ministry of Tourism to states for the development of iconic tourism projects under the SASCI scheme, with funding available up to March 2026. Projects are to be completed within 2 years from approval.
• Objectives: To create globally competitive and iconic tourism centres through comprehensive development, infrastructure enhancement, branding, marketing, and sustainable management of tourism assets to boost India’s global tourism profile.

Important Terms Explained:

• Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment (SASCI): A government scheme to assist states financially in developing iconic tourism destinations through capital investment for global-standard tourism experiences.
• Iconic Tourist Centres: Locations identified for high tourism potential, to be upgraded with modern amenities, connectivity, sustainability measures, and global marketing.
• MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions): A tourism sector focused on business events and conferences, contributing significantly to tourism revenue.

Tabular Summary:

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22. Under which scheme has the Gujarat government waived the Rs. 200 fee for rural property certificates (Sanad)?
A) PM Awas Yojana
B) SVAMITVA Scheme
C) PM Kisan Yojana
D) Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme
E) Mission Bhagiratha
Answer: B) SVAMITVA Scheme

Event and Location:

• Event: Waiver of Rs. 200 Sanad fee for rural property owners under the SVAMITVA Scheme
• Location: Gujarat, India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Gujarat Government has waived the Rs. 200 fee for issuing Sanad (property ownership certificate) under the SVAMITVA Scheme, benefiting rural property owners.
• Objectives: To provide free property ownership certificates and property cards to rural residents, reduce financial burdens, enable legal ownership rights, minimize disputes, and support better land governance and development.

Important Terms Explained:

• SVAMITVA Scheme (Survey of Villages and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Areas): A Government of India scheme launched in 2020 to provide legal ownership rights through property cards to people living in rural areas by using drone surveys for accurate mapping.
• Sanad: A property ownership certificate issued to rural residents confirming legal rights over their property under land revenue laws.
• Property Card: An official document granting legal ownership proof to rural property owners, enabling access to finance and reducing land disputes.

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23. Who is set to lead the ‘Fit India Sundays on Cycle’ special edition in Varanasi on July 20, 2025?
A) Anurag Thakur
B) Mansukh Mandaviya
C) Amit Shah
D) Rajeev Chandrasekhar
E) Kiren Rijiju
Answer: B) Mansukh Mandaviya

Event and Location:

• Event: ‘Fit India Sundays on Cycle’ special edition for ‘Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat’
• Location: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (Banaras Hindu University Campus)
• Date: 20 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya to lead the 32nd edition of ‘Fit India Sundays on Cycle’, focused on the ‘Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat’ theme, targeting 15 lakh schools across India.
• Objectives:
  • Promote fitness and health awareness among the youth.
  • Combat substance abuse and inspire a drug-free Viksit Bharat.
  • Encourage cycling as a means to health and fitness through mass participation.
  • Support the vision of Prime Minister Narendra Modi for a Viksit Bharat by 2047 through healthy youth.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fit India Sundays on Cycle: A nationwide cycling campaign initiated by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in December 2024 to promote fitness and health awareness.
• Nasha Mukt Yuva for Viksit Bharat: A national movement aimed at eradicating substance abuse among youth as part of India’s broader development goals for 2047.
• MYAS (Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports): The nodal ministry responsible for promoting youth welfare and sports development in India.

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24. Under the newly announced scheme, how much incentive will the Central Government provide to first-time private sector employees?
A) ₹10,000
B) ₹12,000
C) ₹15,000
D) ₹20,000
E) ₹25,000
Answer: C) ₹15,000

Event and Location:

• Event: PM Modi announces ₹15,000 incentive scheme for first-time private sector employees
• Location: Motihari, East Champaran, Bihar
• Date: 19 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: PM Modi announced a new Central Government scheme to provide ₹15,000 to every individual employed for the first time in a private company starting from August 1, 2025.
• Objectives:
  • Promote youth employment in the private sector.
  • Provide financial support for first-time job seekers in India’s growing economy.
  • Encourage Bihar’s youth to seek opportunities within the state itself and reduce migration.
  • Align with the broader vision of Viksit Bharat and employment-driven development.

Important Terms Explained:

• Amrit Bharat Trains: A recent initiative by Indian Railways to enhance connectivity and infrastructure in underdeveloped regions.
• First-Time Employment Incentive Scheme: A newly introduced financial incentive of ₹15,000 provided by the Central Government to encourage youth employment in the private sector.
• Viksit Bharat: Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision for a developed India by 2047, focusing on employment, infrastructure, and inclusive growth.

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25. Where was the first Indian Institute of Creative Technologies (IICT) campus inaugurated in 2025?
A) Bengaluru
B) Hyderabad
C) Chennai
D) Mumbai
E) New Delhi
Answer: D) Mumbai

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the first Indian Institute of Creative Technologies (IICT) campus
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra (NFDC Premises)
• Date: 18 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurated the first IICT campus to offer industry-focused training in VFX, gaming, and extended reality (XR), with plans to establish more such institutes across India in future.
• Objectives:
  • Establish IICT as a flagship institution similar to IITs and IIMs for creative technologies.
  • Strengthen India’s position as a global leader in the creative economy.
  • Train skilled professionals for VFX, animation, gaming, XR, and post-production sectors.
  • Support Maharashtra’s aim to make Mumbai the global capital of the creative economy.

Important Terms Explained:

• IICT (Indian Institute of Creative Technologies): A new educational institution focused on digital creativity, VFX, gaming, and XR, established in partnership with leading global tech companies.
• WAVES (World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit): An initiative to track and promote the growth of India’s creative economy sector, including media, entertainment, and technology.
• Bharat Pavilion: A permanent museum installation tracing India’s creative evolution from traditional art forms to digital media.

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