Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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January 31 & February 01 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

1. Which species of zebra is currently classified as endangered according to International Zebra Day reports?
A) Plains zebra
B) Mountain zebra
C) Grevy’s zebra
D) Somali zebra
E) Desert zebra
Answer: C) Grevy’s zebra

Event and Location:

• Event: Observation of International Zebra Day to raise awareness on zebra conservation
• Location: Global (Primarily Africa: Kenya, Ethiopia, Namibia, South Africa)
• Date: 31 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: International wildlife organizations observe 31 January as International Zebra Day through campaigns, educational outreach, and conservation advocacy.
• Objectives: Raise awareness about the threats faced by zebras, promote conservation of endangered species (especially Grevy’s zebra), and highlight zebras’ ecological importance in African grassland ecosystems.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Zebra Day: A global observance day marked on 31 January to spread awareness on zebra protection and biodiversity conservation.
• Grevy’s Zebra: The largest and most endangered zebra species, native to East Africa, threatened by habitat loss and water scarcity.
• Biodiversity Conservation: Efforts to protect species, habitats, and ecosystems to ensure sustainable coexistence of humans and wildlife.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

2. Who became the oldest man in the Open Era to reach the Australian Open final, breaking a 53-year-old record in 2026?
A) Roger Federer
B) Ken Rosewall
C) Rafael Nadal
D) Novak Djokovic
E) Andy Murray
Answer: D) Novak Djokovic

Event and Location:

• Event: Novak Djokovic becomes oldest Australian Open men’s finalist in Open Era
• Location: Melbourne, Australia (Rod Laver Arena)
• Date: January 30, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Djokovic reached the final of the 2026 Australian Open by defeating Jannik Sinner in a five-set semifinal.
• Objectives: To chase his 11th Australian Open title and a historic 25th Grand Slam win while demonstrating athletic longevity.

Important Terms Explained:

• Open Era: The period in tennis beginning in 1968 when Grand Slam tournaments allowed professional players to compete with amateurs.
• Grand Slam: The four major tennis tournaments: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open. Winning all four in a single year or career is a rare feat.
• Ken Rosewall: An Australian tennis legend who, at age 37 in 1972, held the previous record as the oldest Australian Open men’s finalist in the Open Era.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Who won the Australian Open 2026 Women’s Singles title?
A) Aryna Sabalenka
B) Iga Swiatek
C) Coco Gauff
D) Elena Rybakina
E) Jessica Pegula
Answer: D) Elena Rybakina

Event and Location:

• Event: Elena Rybakina wins Australian Open 2026 Women’s Singles Final
• Location: Rod Laver Arena, Melbourne, Australia
• Date: January 31, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Elena Rybakina defeated World No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka to win her maiden Australian Open title
• Objectives: To claim her second Grand Slam title and strengthen her position among the top global women’s tennis players

Important Terms Explained:

• Grand Slam: The four major tennis tournaments—Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, and US Open
• Australian Open: The first Grand Slam of the year, held annually in Melbourne, played on hard courts
• Break of Serve: A situation in tennis when the server loses a game to the receiving player

Tabular Summary:

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4. What is the name of the long-term sports ecosystem initiative announced in Union Budget 2026-27?
A) Fit India Program
B) India Sports Vision 2030
C) Mission Olympic Gold
D) Khelo India Mission
E) National Sports Renaissance
Answer: D) Khelo India Mission

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of sports manufacturing initiative and Khelo India Mission
• Location: India
• Date: February 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Budget proposes a dedicated initiative for sports goods manufacturing and announces the Khelo India Mission to develop sporting talent and infrastructure over the next decade.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance India’s self-reliance and global competitiveness in sports goods manufacturing, and to systematically nurture sporting talent, improve sports infrastructure, and promote professional excellence in Indian sports.

Important Terms Explained:

• Khelo India Mission:
  • A national program proposed in Union Budget 2026-27 aimed at developing India’s sports ecosystem over the next decade through structured talent development and coaching infrastructure.
• Dedicated Sports Goods Initiative:
  • A focused initiative to promote domestic manufacturing, innovation, and research in sports equipment and materials for global competitiveness.
• Kartavya Framework:
  • The philosophical foundation of Budget 2026, which includes three duties: sustaining economic growth, fulfilling citizen aspirations, and ensuring inclusive development. This initiative aligns with the first and second kartavyas.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Who became the youngest male player to complete a Career Grand Slam by winning the Australian Open 2026?
A) Novak Djokovic
B) Rafael Nadal
C) Daniil Medvedev
D) Carlos Alcaraz
E) Jannik Sinner
Answer: D) Carlos Alcaraz

Event and Location:

• Event: Carlos Alcaraz wins Australian Open 2026, completing Career Grand Slam
• Location: Melbourne, Australia
• Date: February 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Carlos Alcaraz defeated Novak Djokovic in the Australian Open 2026 men’s singles final.
• Objectives:
  • To win his first Australian Open title and complete a Career Grand Slam, becoming the youngest male tennis player to achieve the feat.

Important Terms Explained:

• Career Grand Slam:
  • Winning all four major tennis tournaments (Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon, US Open) at least once in a player’s career.
• Australian Open:
  • The first of the four annual Grand Slam tennis tournaments held in Melbourne, known for hard-court play.
• Generational Shift:
  • A transition period in sports where a new generation of athletes begins to dominate, replacing long-standing legends.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

6. For which year has SAIL received the ‘Great Place to Work’ certification for the third time in a row?
A) 2024–25
B) 2025–26
C) 2026–27
D) 2023–24
E) 2027–28
Answer: C) 2026–27

Event and Location:

• Event: SAIL certified a Great Place to Work for third consecutive year
• Location: India (SAIL Corporate Offices and Plants Nationwide)
• Date: January 29, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Certification awarded by Great Place to Work Institute to SAIL for 2026–27
• Objectives: Recognise excellence in workplace culture, employee trust, and organisational HR reforms

Important Terms Explained:

• Great Place to Work Certification: A globally recognised certification assessing employee satisfaction and organisational culture using metrics like the Trust Index
• Trust Index Score: A survey-based score measuring employee perception of credibility, respect, fairness, pride, and camaraderie in the workplace
• Maharatna PSU: A classification by the Indian Government that provides enhanced autonomy to top-performing public sector enterprises

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

7. Which major tax reform announced in Union Budget 2026 is set to come into effect from April 1, 2026?
A) Goods and Services Tax Amendment
B) Digital India Tax Framework
C) New Income Tax Act
D) Unified Corporate Tax Code
E) Financial Transactions Regulation Bill
Answer: C) New Income Tax Act

Event and Location:

• Event: Presentation of the Union Budget 2026 and announcement of new tax reforms
• Location: India (Parliament, New Delhi)
• Date: 1 February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Budget 2026 was presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, introducing structural tax reforms, increasing capital expenditure, boosting manufacturing, and supporting inclusive growth.
• Objectives: The budget aims to accelerate economic growth, simplify tax compliance, enhance infrastructure development, and strengthen fiscal responsibility.

Important Terms Explained:

• New Income Tax Act: A comprehensive tax legislation replacing the old Income Tax Act, aimed at reducing litigation and modernising the direct tax framework from FY 2026–27.
• Safe Harbour Rules: Predefined profit margins set by tax authorities to reduce transfer pricing disputes for businesses, now expanded to various IT services and cloud infrastructure providers.
• Fiscal Deficit: The shortfall between government revenue and expenditure, estimated at 4.4% of GDP for FY26, showing improved fiscal discipline.

Tabular Summary:

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8. Which four coastal states have been identified in Union Budget 2026 for developing rare earth corridors?
A) Gujarat Maharashtra Odisha Tamil Nadu
B) Odisha Kerala Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu
C) Kerala Karnataka Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh
D) Odisha Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Telangana
E) Tamil Nadu Kerala Gujarat Karnataka
Answer: B) Odisha Kerala Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of rare earth corridors for strategic mineral manufacturing
• Location: Odisha, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 1 February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Budget 2026 announced dedicated rare earth corridors in four coastal states to enhance domestic mining, processing, and magnet manufacturing.
• Objectives: To reduce India’s dependence on imported rare earth materials, strengthen high-tech and defence industries, and promote domestic manufacturing through integrated value chains.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rare Earth Corridors: Industrial zones focused on the extraction, processing, and production of rare earth elements critical to strategic industries like defence and electronics.
• REPM Scheme: The Scheme to Promote Manufacturing of Sintered Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, launched in November 2025, with an outlay of ₹7,280 crore to build 6,000 MTPA manufacturing capacity.
• Tool Rooms: Digitally enabled automation hubs proposed to support high-precision manufacturing in sectors such as aerospace, defence, and semiconductors.

Tabular Summary:

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9. What is the purpose of SBI’s newly launched initiative ‘CHAKRA’?
A) To boost rural microfinance only
B) To simplify digital banking services
C) To fund traditional infrastructure projects
D) To finance sunrise sectors and build institutional expertise
E) To replace all existing loan mechanisms
Answer: D) To finance sunrise sectors and build institutional expertise

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of CHAKRA, a Centre of Excellence by SBI
• Location: India (national level)
• Date: January 31, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: SBI launched CHAKRA to serve as a Centre of Excellence for financing India’s emerging sunrise sectors
• Objectives: To create institutional capability, reduce risk perception, and responsibly finance future-critical sectors such as green hydrogen, semiconductors, and EVs

Important Terms Explained:

• CHAKRA: Stands for Centre of Excellence for Sunrise Sectors, a specialised SBI platform to guide financing in emerging industries
• Sunrise Sectors: Fast-growing, innovation-driven industries such as green hydrogen, semiconductors, EVs, and data centres
• ₹100 Lakh Crore Capital Requirement: Estimated total investment needed over five years for eight identified sunrise sectors in India

Tabular Summary:

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10. What are the three kartavyas outlined in Union Budget 2026 by FM Nirmala Sitharaman?
A) Education reform digital inclusion and fiscal prudence
B) Job creation export boost and urban development
C) Speeding growth fulfilling aspirations and inclusive development
D) Financial stability tax relief and Make in India
E) Industrial policy defence spending and healthcare expansion
Answer: C) Speeding growth fulfilling aspirations and inclusive development

Event and Location:

• Event: FM Sitharaman outlines three kartavyas guiding Union Budget 2026
• Location: India (National level)
• Date: 1 February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Budget 2026 is guided by three kartavyas—duties focusing on economic growth, human development, and inclusive access.
• Objectives: To accelerate economic growth, empower citizens through capacity-building, and ensure balanced, inclusive development across all regions and communities.

Important Terms Explained:

• Kartavyas: Guiding duties or responsibilities set by the Finance Minister to shape economic planning and execution in India.
• Inclusive Access: Ensuring equitable access to resources, opportunities, and services for all communities and sectors.
• Capacity Building: Enhancing the skills, education, health, and employability of individuals to help them contribute actively to economic development.

Tabular Summary:

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11. Which of the following is not one of the 7 strategic manufacturing sectors highlighted in Union Budget 2026–27?
A) Biopharma
B) Renewable Energy Storage
C) Electronics Components
D) Rare Earth Minerals
E) Sports Goods
Answer: B) Renewable Energy Storage

Event and Location:

• Event: Union Budget 2026 identifies 7 strategic sectors for manufacturing boost
• Location: India (National coverage)
• Date: 1 February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The government has announced targeted schemes and funding to strengthen domestic manufacturing across 7 key sectors.
• Objectives: To build global competitiveness, reduce import dependence, create jobs, and promote India as a self-reliant manufacturing hub.

Important Terms Explained:

• Biopharma SHAKTI: A ₹10,000 crore scheme to develop India’s biologics and biosimilars manufacturing ecosystem, including new NIPERs and clinical trial sites.
• India Semiconductor Mission 2.0: A revamped mission focused on semiconductor design, materials, equipment, and full-stack Indian IP development.
• Rare Earth Corridors: Specialised industrial zones for mining, processing, and manufacturing rare earth materials essential for high-tech industries.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

12. Which of the following items has become costlier in Union Budget 2026–27?
A) Microwave oven components
B) Cancer drugs
C) Misreporting of income penalty
D) Rare disease medicines
E) Lithium-ion battery equipment
Answer: C) Misreporting of income penalty

Event and Location:

• Event: Union Budget 2026–27 identifies items that get cheaper and costlier
• Location: India
• Date: 1 February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Budget 2026–27 revises customs duties, TCS/TDS rates, and introduces new penalties to rationalize tax compliance and enhance strategic sectoral growth.
• Objectives: To reduce consumer burden, boost exports and domestic manufacturing, ensure tax integrity, and increase global competitiveness in emerging sectors.

Union Budget 2026–27: Tax Changes Table

Important Terms Explained:

• TCS (Tax Collected at Source): A tax collected by a seller at the time of sale which is later adjusted by the buyer in their income tax return.
• LRS (Liberalized Remittance Scheme): An RBI scheme that allows resident individuals to remit money abroad for permissible current and capital account transactions.
• Basic Customs Duty (BCD): A tariff or tax imposed on imported goods, used to regulate foreign trade and protect domestic industries.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which of the following is the total capital expenditure allocated to Indian Railways in Union Budget 2026-27?
A) ₹1.85 lakh crore
B) ₹2.20 lakh crore
C) ₹2.50 lakh crore
D) ₹2.93 lakh crore
E) ₹3.10 lakh crore
Answer: D) ₹2.93 lakh crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Record capital expenditure allocation to Indian Railways
• Location: Pan India (India-wide)
• Date: February 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Allocation of ₹2.93 lakh crore as capital expenditure for Indian Railways under Union Budget 2026-27; announcement of 7 high-speed rail corridors.
• Objectives:
  • To modernise India’s rail infrastructure, enhance logistics efficiency, boost regional connectivity, improve safety, and promote economic growth through sustainable rail transport.

Important Terms Explained:

• Capital Expenditure (Capex):
  • Funds spent by the government on acquiring or upgrading physical assets such as rail tracks, stations, or rolling stock.
• High-Speed Rail Corridors:
  • Dedicated routes designed for fast passenger trains operating at higher speeds, reducing travel time between key cities.
• Rolling Stock:
  • The railway vehicles including engines, passenger coaches, and freight wagons used in train operations.

Tabular Summary:

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14. What is the proposed public capital expenditure (capex) in Union Budget 2026–27?
A) ₹9.8 lakh crore
B) ₹10.4 lakh crore
C) ₹11.2 lakh crore
D) ₹12.2 lakh crore
E) ₹13.0 lakh crore
Answer: D) ₹12.2 lakh crore

Event and Location:

• Event: ₹12.2 lakh crore public capex proposed in Union Budget 2026-27
• Location: India
• Date: February 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Proposal of ₹12.2 lakh crore capital expenditure to boost infrastructure across India, including high-speed rail, waterways, CCUS, and city economic regions.
• Objectives:
  • To sustain infrastructure-led growth, attract private investment, improve green transport, and promote balanced regional development while ensuring long-term sustainability and economic resilience.

Important Terms Explained:

• Public Capex:
  • Government expenditure on physical assets like roads, railways, ports, and energy infrastructure to drive economic growth and productivity.
• Infrastructure Risk Guarantee Fund:
  • A fund providing partial credit guarantees to reduce risk perception for private lenders and developers involved in infrastructure projects.
• CCUS (Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage):
  • Technology that captures carbon emissions from industrial processes, uses or stores them, helping reduce environmental impact.

Tabular Summary:

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15. What is the total budget allocation for the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in Union Budget 2026-27?
A) ₹89,230 crore
B) ₹95,100 crore
C) ₹1,06,530 crore
D) ₹1,01,000 crore
E) ₹99,800 crore
Answer: C) ₹1,06,530 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: ₹1.06 lakh crore allocation to Health Ministry in Union Budget 2026
• Location: India
• Date: February 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Union Budget 2026-27 allocates ₹1,06,530.42 crore to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to support health infrastructure, major schemes, medical education, and affordability of treatment.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance public health delivery, expand critical care infrastructure, promote medical research and manufacturing, and improve healthcare affordability and access across India.

Important Terms Explained:

• PM-ABHIM (Pradhan Mantri Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission):
  • A mission to strengthen public health infrastructure through critical care blocks, labs, and surveillance.
• PM-JAY (Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana):
  • India’s flagship health insurance scheme providing free treatment to over 50 crore beneficiaries.
• Bio Pharma Shakti:
  • A ₹10,000 crore initiative aimed at building India’s capabilities in biologics, biosimilars, and global biopharma manufacturing.

Tabular Summary:

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16. What is the capital outlay allocated for defence in Union Budget 2026-27?
A) ₹1.71 lakh crore
B) ₹2.19 lakh crore
C) ₹3.65 lakh crore
D) ₹7.84 lakh crore
E) ₹21,000 crore
Answer: B) ₹2.19 lakh crore

Event and Location:

• Event: 15.3% increase in defence spending announced in Union Budget 2026
• Location: India
• Date: February 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Union Budget 2026-27 raises India’s total defence budget to ₹7.84 lakh crore, with significant increases in capital outlay and policy reforms supporting domestic manufacturing, readiness, and defence exports.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen national security, enhance indigenous defence manufacturing under Aatmanirbhar Bharat, improve combat readiness post-conflict, and boost defence exports as part of India’s strategic and economic roadmap.

Important Terms Explained:

• Capital Outlay:
  • The portion of the defence budget allocated for long-term asset creation, such as new weapons systems, drones, aircraft, and defence infrastructure. It rose 21.8% to ₹2.19 lakh crore in FY 2026-27.
• Make in India in Defence:
  • A policy initiative to promote self-reliance by increasing domestic production of defence equipment, reducing import dependency, and encouraging both public and private sector participation.
• Defence Industrial Corridors:
  • Dedicated zones in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu designed to attract defence manufacturing investments, supporting R&D, innovation, and job creation within the defence sector.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

17. Who recently became the first woman Deputy Chief Minister of Maharashtra?
A) Supriya Sule
B) Sunetra Pawar
C) Pankaja Munde
D) Yashomati Thakur
E) Aditi Tatkare
Answer: B) Sunetra Pawar

Event and Location:

• Event: Sunetra Pawar appointed as Maharashtra’s first woman Deputy Chief Minister
• Location: Maharashtra
• Date: January 31, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Sunetra Pawar took oath as Deputy CM following Ajit Pawar’s death in a plane crash
• Objectives: To ensure political stability, continuity in governance, and historic representation of women in top state leadership

Important Terms Explained:

• Deputy Chief Minister: The second-highest executive authority in a state government who assists the Chief Minister in governance
• Excise Department: A department responsible for tax collection on alcohol, narcotics, and related products
• Rajya Sabha MP: A member of the upper house of India’s Parliament; Sunetra Pawar holds this position

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

18. When is ISRO’s first human spaceflight under the Gaganyaan mission expected to launch?
A) 2025
B) 2026
C) 2027
D) 2028
E) 2030
Answer: C) 2027

Event and Location:

• Event: ISRO confirms timeline for Gaganyaan human spaceflight mission
• Location: India (ISRO headquarters and mission testing centres)
• Date: January 31, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of India’s first human spaceflight mission Gaganyaan in 2027; execution of three uncrewed test missions prior to it, starting with G1 in March 2026
• Objectives: Validate human spaceflight safety systems, life-support infrastructure, re-entry procedures, and astronaut recovery; establish India’s independent human spaceflight capability

Important Terms Explained:

• Gaganyaan: India’s first human spaceflight programme aiming to send astronauts into low Earth orbit and return them safely
• Vyommitra: An ISRO-developed female humanoid robot designed to simulate human functions aboard uncrewed space missions
• LVM3: Launch Vehicle Mark-3, India’s heavy-lift rocket modified for human-rated missions to deploy the crew module

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

19. Which vintage missile system of the Indian Air Force was fully digitised in January 2026 to boost air defence capabilities?
A) Akash
B) Pechora
C) Trishul
D) Barak-8
E) Astra
Answer: B) Pechora

Event and Location:

• Event: Digitisation of Pechora missile system
• Location: Indian Air Force; Trials at Pokhran, Rajasthan
• Date: January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Air Force has fully digitised the Russian-origin Pechora missile system through an indigenous upgrade led by a private Indian firm.
• Objectives: To extend service life, improve air defence accuracy, enable modern command integration, and reduce cost by upgrading instead of replacing the system.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pechora Missile System: A vintage surface-to-air missile (SAM) system inducted by the IAF in the 1970s, originally of Soviet origin, designed to intercept low-to-mid altitude aerial threats.
• Digitisation: The process of replacing analogue subsystems with digital components like software-defined radios, thermal imaging systems, and automated fire controls for better performance.
• Alpha Design Technologies: An Indian private defence company responsible for modernising the Pechora system under a ₹591.3 crore contract signed in 2020.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

20. What is the main aim of Gujarat’s Mukhyamantri Gramotthan Yojana launched in 2026?
A) Promote crop diversification
B) Create jobs in urban areas
C) Bridge rural-urban development gap
D) Develop coastal tourism
E) Promote digital literacy only
Answer: C) Bridge rural-urban development gap

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Mukhyamantri Gramotthan Yojana (MGY)
• Location: Gujarat (State-wide across villages)
• Date: January 31, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Construction of 2,666 panchayat offices-cum-talati residences in 114 talukas at a cost of ₹663 crore.
• Objectives: To improve rural infrastructure, strengthen local governance, deliver urban-like amenities to villages, and reduce rural-urban migration.

Important Terms Explained:

• Mukhyamantri Gramotthan Yojana (MGY): A rural transformation scheme by the Gujarat government aimed at modernising village-level infrastructure and governance.
• Gram Swaraj: A Gandhian philosophy advocating self-sufficient, self-governed villages, central to the vision of the MGY.
• Talati: A revenue officer in the village responsible for administrative duties, often residing at the village panchayat office.

Tabular Summary:

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21. Which scheme in Union Budget 2026 aims to make India a global hub for biologics and biosimilars?
A) Samarth 2.0
B) Bharat-VISTAAR
C) Biopharma SHAKTI
D) Khelo India Mission
E) Tex-Eco Initiative
Answer: C) Biopharma SHAKTI

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch and expansion of multiple flagship schemes and missions across sectors in Union Budget 2026
• Location: India
• Date: February 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Union Budget 2026-27 introduces and expands schemes in manufacturing, MSMEs, textiles, sports, infrastructure, and welfare to drive inclusive economic growth and long-term competitiveness.
• Objectives:
  • To promote industrial transformation, support small businesses, strengthen social infrastructure, create jobs, and enhance India’s resilience and capacity across key economic and social sectors.

Important Terms Explained:

• Biopharma SHAKTI:
  • A ₹10,000 crore initiative to make India a global leader in biologics and biosimilars through infrastructure, research, and clinical trial capacity.
• India Semiconductor Mission 2.0:
  • An updated mission to boost India’s end-to-end semiconductor ecosystem including equipment, design, IP, and workforce.
• Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Scheme:
  • Supports the domestic manufacturing of rare earth magnets, critical for EVs, electronics, and defense, through dedicated mineral corridors.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs January 31 & February 01

22. On which date did Indian Railways achieve its biggest one-day rollout of Kavach 4.0, covering over 472 km?
A) January 25 2026
B) January 30 2026
C) January 31 2026
D) February 1 2026
E) January 28 2026
Answer: C) January 31 2026

Event and Location:

• Event: Record one-day commissioning of Kavach 4.0 Automatic Train Protection system
• Location: Western, Northern, and East Central Railway zones (India)
• Date: January 31, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian Railways commissioned 472.3 route km of Kavach Version 4.0 in a single day across three railway zones.
• Objectives: Enhance railway safety, prevent accidents like Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD), overspeeding, and ensure real-time train control using indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) technology.

Important Terms Explained:

• Kavach 4.0: An indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system designed for India’s high-density rail corridors, equipped with GPS, radio communication, and microprocessor-based controls.
• Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD): A railway safety violation where a train passes a stop signal without authority, a key incident Kavach is built to prevent.
• SIL-4 Certification: The highest Safety Integrity Level under global safety standards, ensuring maximum reliability of critical safety systems like Kavach.

Tabular Summary:

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23. Which two Indian wetlands were designated as Ramsar sites in January 2026?
A) Asan and Deepor Beel
B) Harike and Nalsarovar
C) Patna Bird Sanctuary and Chhari-Dhand
D) Bhoj Wetland and Renuka Lake
E) Vembanad and Chilika
Answer: C) Patna Bird Sanctuary and Chhari-Dhand

Event and Location:

• Event: Designation of two new Indian wetlands as Ramsar Sites
• Location: Etah (Uttar Pradesh), Kutch (Gujarat)
• Date: January 31, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Patna Bird Sanctuary and Chhari-Dhand have been added to the list of Ramsar Sites, marking global recognition of their ecological importance.
• Objectives: Strengthen wetland conservation, support migratory species, and promote sustainable use of biodiversity-rich water ecosystems under the Ramsar Convention.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ramsar Convention: An international treaty signed in 1971 in Iran to promote conservation and wise use of wetlands across member nations.
• Patna Bird Sanctuary: A freshwater wetland in Etah, UP, known for attracting migratory birds from Central Asia and Siberia during winters.
• Chhari-Dhand: A seasonal saline desert wetland in Gujarat’s Kutch region, supporting rare desert fauna and migratory bird species despite arid conditions.

Tabular Summary:

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24. Where will the 6th National Crop Nutrition Summit be held in February 2026?
A) Hyderabad
B) Bengaluru
C) Mumbai
D) New Delhi
E) Ahmedabad
Answer: C) Mumbai

Event and Location:

• Event: 6th National Crop Nutrition Summit 2026
• Location: Bandra Kurla Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: February 5–6, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Organising a national summit to bring together stakeholders in the crop nutrition ecosystem, including government, industry, and academia.
• Objectives: To promote sustainable nutrient management, expand manufacturing of specialty inputs, and position India as a global hub for agri-input exports.

Important Terms Explained:

• Micronutrients: Essential elements required by plants in small quantities for healthy growth and high yields, such as zinc, iron, and boron.
• Specialty Fertilizers: Enhanced fertilizers designed for targeted nutrient delivery, slow release, or specific crop-stage needs.
• Biological Inputs: Eco-friendly agricultural products like bio-fertilizers, bio-pesticides, and microbial solutions used to improve soil and crop health sustainably.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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