Daily Current Affairs January 08

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January 08 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs January 08

1. Earth’s Rotation Day is observed on January 8 to commemorate which physicist’s pendulum experiment that proved Earth’s rotation?
A) Galileo Galilei
B) Johannes Kepler
C) Léon Foucault
D) Isaac Newton
E) Nicolaus Copernicus
Answer: C) Léon Foucault

Event and Location:

• Event: Earth’s Rotation Day 2026 and 175th anniversary of Foucault’s pendulum experiment
• Location: Observed globally (Experiment conducted in Paris, France)
• Date: 08 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Earth’s Rotation Day is observed to commemorate the historic pendulum experiment conducted by French physicist Léon Foucault in 1851.
• Objectives: To educate the public about the importance of Earth’s rotational motion, celebrate advancements in physics, and promote awareness about day-night cycles, seasonal changes, and the scientific journey to understand Earth’s dynamics.

Important Terms Explained:

• Foucault Pendulum: A large, free-swinging pendulum used by Léon Foucault to visibly demonstrate that the Earth rotates on its axis. The changing oscillation plane is due to Earth’s rotation beneath the pendulum.
• Earth’s Axial Tilt: The Earth’s axis is tilted at approximately 23.5°, which causes the seasonal changes experienced across the globe during its annual revolution around the Sun.
• Coriolis Effect: A phenomenon caused by Earth’s rotation, leading to the deflection of wind and ocean currents, influencing global weather and climate systems.

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs January 08

2. Which cricket team created history by recording seven 50-plus partnerships in a single Ashes innings in January 2026?
A) England
B) India
C) Australia
D) South Africa
E) New Zealand
Answer: C) Australia

Event and Location:

• Event: Australia records seven 50+ partnerships in a single Ashes innings
• Location: Sydney Cricket Ground (SCG), Australia
• Date: January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Australian cricket team achieved a historic feat by posting seven partnerships of 50 or more runs in a single innings during the 5th Ashes Test.
• Objectives: To demonstrate team-wide batting consistency, break a 134-year-old Ashes record, and strengthen Australia’s hold on the Ashes series with a projected 4–1 series victory.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ashes Series: A prestigious Test cricket series played between Australia and England since 1882, known as one of the fiercest rivalries in sports.
• Test Cricket: The longest format of cricket, played over five days, and first introduced in 1877. It demands high levels of skill, endurance, and strategy.
• Partnership in Cricket: The number of runs two batters score together before one of them gets out. A 50+ partnership indicates batting stability and coordination.

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs January 08

3. Which two-time World Billiards Champion and Chief National Coach passed away in January 2026?
A) Geet Sethi
B) Michael Ferreira
C) Manoj Kothari
D) Pankaj Advani
E) Ian Williamson
Answer: C) Manoj Kothari

Event and Location:

• Event: Passing away of former World Billiards Champion Manoj Kothari
• Location: Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
• Date: January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Manoj Kothari, former two-time World Billiards Champion and Chief National Coach of India’s billiards team, passed away at age 67.
• Objectives: To acknowledge his lifetime contributions to Indian cue sports as a player and mentor, and to highlight his legacy in promoting billiards nationally and globally.

Important Terms Explained:

• IBSF (International Billiards & Snooker Federation): The global governing body for non-professional snooker and billiards tournaments, including the World Billiards Championship.
• Major Dhyan Chand Award: India’s highest lifetime achievement award in sports, given to sportspersons for outstanding contributions to their field; named after legendary hockey player Major Dhyan Chand.
• World Doubles Billiards Championship: A prestigious international event in cue sports, where players team up in pairs to compete in doubles format billiards.

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4. Which prominent Indian ecologist, known for his work on Western Ghats conservation, passed away on January 7, 2026?
A) M S Swaminathan
B) Madhav Gadgil
C) R K Pachauri
D) Vandana Shiva
E) Anil Agarwal
Answer: B) Madhav Gadgil

Event and Location:

• Event: Passing away of renowned ecologist Madhav Gadgil
• Location: Pune, Maharashtra, India
• Date: 07 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Madhav Gadgil, noted ecologist and conservationist, passed away at the age of 82, marking the end of a transformative chapter in India’s environmental history.
• Objectives: To recognize and honour his contributions in ecological research, especially his leadership in Western Ghats conservation, and his advocacy for sustainable development and environmental justice.

Important Terms Explained:

• Western Ghats Zoning Classification (2011): A scientific framework introduced by Gadgil to classify areas of the Western Ghats into zones of ecological sensitivity—high, medium, and low—for better conservation and land-use planning.
• Gadgil Report (2010): Official report by the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) led by Madhav Gadgil, recommending sustainable development guidelines for ecologically sensitive zones in the Western Ghats.
• UN Environmental Honour: The United Nations’ highest environmental award, presented to individuals making significant contributions to global environmental protection and sustainability.

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs January 08

5. What is the name of the new brand identity launched by Federal Bank in January 2026?
A) The Digital Rise
B) The Prosperity Path
C) The Federal Vision
D) The Fortuna Wave
E) The Trust Mark
Answer: D) The Fortuna Wave

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of refreshed brand identity ‘The Fortuna Wave’
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: 07 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Federal Bank launched a new brand identity called ‘The Fortuna Wave’, featuring a redesigned logo with three symbolic wave elements and a digital-friendly design.
• Objectives: To reflect the bank’s commitment to modernization, digital transformation, customer-centric innovation, and long-term brand relevance in the evolving financial ecosystem.

Important Terms Explained:

• The Fortuna Wave: Federal Bank’s new brand identity symbolizing Authenticity, Togetherness, and Prosperity, represented by three dynamic waves in the new logo.
• Brand Refresh: A strategic update of a company’s logo, design, and messaging to align with changing market expectations and improve customer engagement across digital platforms.
• Digital-Friendly Design: Visual elements (like fluid typography, wave motifs, and vibrant colors) optimized for mobile apps, websites, and social media visibility.

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Books and Authors – Daily Current Affairs January 08

6. Who launched the second edition of the book ‘History That India Ignored’ in January 2026?
A) Narendra Modi
B) Pinarayi Vijayan
C) Yogi Adityanath
D) Pramod Sawant
E) Himanta Biswa Sarma
Answer: D) Pramod Sawant

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the second edition of the book ‘History That India Ignored’
• Location: Panaji, Goa
• Date: January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Goa CM Pramod Sawant launched the second edition of ‘History That India Ignored’, authored by Prem Prakash, Chairman of ANI.
• Objectives: To highlight neglected aspects of India’s freedom struggle including revolutionary movements, lesser-known uprisings, and unsung heroes, thereby promoting a more inclusive historical narrative among students and citizens.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian National Army (INA): A military force formed by Indian nationalists during World War II under Subhas Chandra Bose, aiming to secure Indian independence through armed struggle.
• Vellore Mutiny (1806): One of the first significant uprisings against British rule in India, predating the 1857 revolt, involving Indian sepoys rebelling in the Vellore Fort.
• Battle of Imphal: A crucial World War II battle fought in 1944 between the Indian National Army (INA) and British-led forces in Manipur, playing a significant role in India’s military history.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs January 08

7. Who has been appointed as the new CEO of HSBC Private Bank effective January 5, 2026?
A) Jane Fraser
B) Gabriel Castello
C) Noel Quinn
D) Kristalina Georgieva
E) Ida Liu
Answer: E) Ida Liu

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Ida Liu as CEO of HSBC Private Bank
• Location: Global
• Date: January 5, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: HSBC Private Bank has appointed Ida Liu as its new Chief Executive Officer, replacing interim CEO Gabriel Castello.
• Objectives: The goal is to enhance the bank’s global private banking and wealth management operations, with a focus on serving Ultra-High-Net-Worth (UHNW) clients.

Important Terms Explained:

• HSBC Private Bank: A division of HSBC Group that provides private banking services to high-net-worth and ultra-high-net-worth individuals globally.
• Ultra-High-Net-Worth (UHNW) Clients: Individuals with investable assets typically exceeding USD 30 million, requiring tailored wealth management and advisory services.
• Private Banking: A banking service offered to wealthy individuals that includes investment management, estate planning, and financial advisory.

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs January 08

8. On which date did DRDO celebrate its 68th Foundation Day in 2026?
A) January 4
B) January 15
C) January 1
D) January 6
E) January 10
Answer: C) January 1

Event and Location:

• Event: 68th Foundation Day of DRDO
• Location: DRDO Headquarters, New Delhi
• Date: 01 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: DRDO celebrated its 68th Foundation Day with announcements of major achievements in defence contracts, technology transfer, and AI-led R&D expansion.
• Objectives: To reinforce DRDO’s pivotal role in Aatmanirbhar Bharat, enhance defence self-reliance, promote AI, Cyber, and Space technologies, and foster academia–industry innovation partnerships.

Important Terms Explained:

• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A Government of India initiative aimed at making India self-reliant in various sectors, including defence manufacturing, by promoting indigenous technologies and reducing dependency on imports.
• LAToT (Licensing Agreements for Transfer of Technology): Agreements signed by DRDO to transfer its developed technologies to industry partners for commercial or defence production.
• AoN (Acceptance of Necessity): An official approval from the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) signifying the necessity to procure equipment or systems, initiating the defence procurement process.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs January 08

9. What year has the United Nations designated as the International Year for Rangelands and Pastoralists?
A) 2024
B) 2025
C) 2026
D) 2027
E) 2028
Answer: C) 2026

Event and Location:

• Event: UN declaration of 2026 as International Year for Rangelands and Pastoralists
• Location: United Nations (Global Declaration)
• Date: 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The United Nations has declared 2026 as the International Year for Rangelands and Pastoralists to spotlight grassland and savannah ecosystems that are often excluded from mainstream climate policies.
• Objectives: To rebalance global climate action by recognizing the ecological importance of rangelands and pastoralist systems, promote their inclusion in national climate strategies, and highlight their role in carbon sequestration, biodiversity conservation, and climate resilience.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rangelands: Vast natural landscapes such as grasslands and savannahs that support livestock grazing and biodiversity but are often neglected in climate policy frameworks.
• Pastoralists: Communities whose livelihoods depend on the herding and grazing of livestock across natural rangelands; they play a key role in sustainable land stewardship.
• UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change): A key international treaty guiding global climate negotiations, historically focused on forest ecosystems while underrepresenting grasslands.
• UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification): A UN treaty focused on combating desertification and land degradation, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.
• Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF): A forest-centric climate initiative launched at COP30 in Belém, Brazil, to finance forest protection.

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs January 08

10. The National Biodiversity Authority recently released ₹68 lakh under the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework to which Indian state?
A) Karnataka
B) Kerala
C) Maharashtra
D) Gujarat
E) Andhra Pradesh
Answer: C) Maharashtra

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of ₹68 lakh under the Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) framework
• Location: Maharashtra (Wada Tehsil, Palghar & Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation)
• Date: 08 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) disbursed ₹68 lakh to Biodiversity Management Committees in Maharashtra for access and commercial use of microbial resources.
• Objectives: To ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of biological resources, promote conservation, and support local communities and custodians of biodiversity.

Important Terms Explained:

• Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS): A legal framework under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, ensuring fair sharing of benefits from the use of biological resources with local stakeholders.
• National Biodiversity Authority (NBA): A statutory autonomous body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), responsible for regulating access to India’s biological resources.
• Biodiversity Management Committees (BMCs): Local bodies established under the Biological Diversity Act to conserve biodiversity and maintain People’s Biodiversity Registers (PBRs).

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11. What is the full form of BHARATI, the agri-food startup initiative launched by APEDA at Indusfood 2026?
A) Bharat’s Hub for Advanced Research in Technology Innovation
B) Bharat’s Hub for Agritech Resilience Advancement and Trade Incubation
C) Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Enablement
D) Bharat’s Hub for Agri Reforms and Trade Innovations
E) Bharat’s High-tech Agrifood Research and Innovation Taskforce
Answer: C) Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Enablement

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Indusfood 2026 and launch of BHARATI initiative
• Location: Expo Mart, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: 08 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Minister of Food Processing Industries inaugurated Indusfood 2026, Asia’s largest F&B trade show. APEDA launched the BHARATI initiative to support agri-food startups.
• Objectives: To boost India’s food processing exports, promote innovation through startups, enhance global market access, and convert food surplus into high-value exports.

Important Terms Explained:

• BHARATI: Bharat’s Hub for Agritech, Resilience, Advancement and Incubation for Export Enablement — an initiative by APEDA to empower agri-food startups.
• PMFME Scheme: PM Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises — a central sector scheme to enhance the competitiveness of micro food processing units.
• PMKSY: Pradhan Mantri Kisan SAMPADA Yojana — aims at creation of modern infrastructure with efficient supply chain management in the agro-processing sector.

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12. What is the primary objective of the Ministry of Textiles’ newly launched District-Led Textiles Transformation (DLTT) initiative?
A) To establish textile SEZs in all states
B) To boost textile production in coastal areas
C) To transform high-potential districts into export champions and empower aspirational districts
D) To privatize handloom cooperatives
E) To import advanced textile machinery from Europe
Answer: C) To transform high-potential districts into export champions and empower aspirational districts

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of District-Led Textiles Transformation (DLTT) initiative
• Location: National Textile Ministers Conference, Guwahati, Assam
• Date: 8 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Identification of 100 Champion Districts and 100 Aspirational Districts through a data-based scoring system
  • Implementation of a customized framework focusing on export potential, MSME ecosystem, and workforce presence
  • Interventions include CFCs, Industry 4.0, skilling, SHGs, raw material banks, and export linkages
• Objectives:
  • To create Global Export Champions in the textile sector
  • To build self-reliant textile ecosystems in underdeveloped districts
  • To promote inclusive, sustainable growth and regional balance
  • To strengthen tribal, eastern, and northeastern textile potential under Purvodaya

Important Terms Explained:

• DLTT (District-Led Textiles Transformation): A flagship initiative to transform high-potential textile districts through targeted interventions, aiming to boost exports and empower local ecosystems.
• Champion Districts: Districts with high export and industrial capacity that will focus on sophisticated scaling measures like Industry 4.0, mega-CFCs, and direct export links.
• Aspirational Districts: Underdeveloped textile districts prioritized for skilling, micro-enterprise promotion, raw material banks, and foundational infrastructure.
• Purvodaya: A development approach focusing on eastern and northeastern India for infrastructure, skill, and economic empowerment.

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13. Under which sub-scheme of Swadesh Darshan 2.0 has the Ministry of Tourism launched Challenge Based Destination Development (CBDD) to enhance the tourist experience?
A) Dekho Apna Desh
B) Bharat Parv
C) Paryatan Mitra
D) Challenge Based Destination Development
E) PRASHAD
Answer: D) Challenge Based Destination Development

Event and Location:

• Event: Completion of 75 projects under Swadesh Darshan Scheme and launch of multiple tourism initiatives
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: 8 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Completion of 75 projects under Swadesh Darshan Scheme launched in 2015
  • Launch of Swadesh Darshan 2.0, CBDD, Paryatan Mitra/Didi, and development of 1,000 Tribal Homestays
  • Development of 40 Iconic Tourist Centres under SASCI scheme
  • Promotion of Medical, MICE, Eco and Spiritual Tourism
  • Organizing Bharat Parv and International Tourism Mart events
• Objectives:
  • Develop sustainable, responsible tourist destinations
  • Enhance community participation and tourist facilitation
  • Strengthen infrastructure, branding, and international visibility of Indian tourism
  • Empower tribal communities and support border villages under Vibrant Villages

Important Terms Explained:

• Swadesh Darshan Scheme: Launched in 2015 to develop theme-based tourist circuits across India through infrastructure creation and destination development.
• Challenge Based Destination Development (CBDD): Sub-scheme under Swadesh Darshan 2.0 focusing on tourist-centric development across themes like Spiritual Tourism, Eco-Tourism, and Vibrant Villages.
• PM-JUGA (Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan): Tribal welfare scheme under which 1,000 tribal homestays will be developed by the Ministry of Tourism.
• Paryatan Mitra & Paryatan Didi: National responsible tourism initiative for training community members as tourism ambassadors to enhance visitor experience.
• PRASHAD Scheme: Mission for Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Heritage Augmentation Drive for integrated development of pilgrimage sites.
• SASCI Scheme: Special Assistance to States for Capital Investment—providing interest-free loans to States for developing iconic tourist destinations.
• MICE Tourism: Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions—India being promoted as a global MICE hub via a Digital MICE Catalogue and ‘Meet in India’ brand.
• Chalo India Global Diaspora Campaign: Free e-tourist visas to diaspora encouraging foreign tourists through personal networks.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs January 08

14. Which Indian state hosted the Regional AI Impact Conference 2026 to advance inclusive and responsible AI?
A) Karnataka
B) Maharashtra
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Rajasthan
E) Gujarat
Answer: D) Rajasthan

Event and Location:

• Event: Rajasthan Regional AI Impact Conference 2026
• Location: Rajasthan, India
• Date: 06 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Rajasthan hosted the Regional AI Impact Conference to promote inclusive, ethical, and responsible AI adoption, and to launch several state and national AI initiatives.
• Objectives: To democratize AI access, launch Rajasthan’s AI/ML Policy 2026, introduce AI skilling programs for youth, and strengthen Centre–State cooperation under the ₹10,000 crore India AI Mission.

Important Terms Explained:

• India AI Mission: A ₹10,000 crore national initiative to boost AI-led development across key sectors such as agriculture, healthcare, and education, while promoting responsible AI use and enhancing national productivity.
• YUVA AI for All: A national AI literacy initiative launched under the India AI Mission to build foundational awareness among youth through AI-101 self-paced courses, especially around National Youth Day (12 January).
• AI/ML Policy 2026 (Rajasthan): A state-level policy launched by Rajasthan to support transparent, fair, and accountable AI systems, improve governance, generate employment, and stimulate innovation-led growth.

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15. Which global electoral conference will India host from January 21 to 23, 2026, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi?
A) Global Electoral Forum
B) IDEA World Summit
C) India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management
D) Global Voter Integrity Convention
E) UN Conference on Electoral Systems
Answer: C) India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management

Event and Location:

• Event: India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management (IICDEM) 2026
• Location: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
• Date: 21–23 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India is hosting the inaugural IICDEM 2026 to position itself as a global hub for electoral dialogue, best practice exchange, and democratic capacity building.
• Objectives: To advance democratic governance globally, strengthen cooperation among Election Management Bodies (EMBs), showcase India’s electoral expertise, and highlight its chairship of International IDEA 2026.

Important Terms Explained:

• IICDEM (India International Conference on Democracy and Election Management): A flagship global event organized by India to foster international dialogue on democracy, electoral integrity, and sustainable democratic institutions.
• International IDEA: The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, an intergovernmental organization promoting sustainable democracy worldwide; India chairs its Council in 2026.
• IIIDEM (India International Institute of Democracy and Election Management): An initiative under the Election Commission of India to provide training, research, and capacity building in election management.

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16. Which country became the first in the world to commercially produce bio-bitumen from biomass and agricultural waste?
A) United States
B) Germany
C) China
D) India
E) Brazil
Answer: D) India

Event and Location:

• Event: India becomes first country to commercially produce bio-bitumen
• Location: CSIR Technology Transfer Ceremony, New Delhi
• Date: 07 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Ministers Nitin Gadkari and Jitendra Singh announced the commercial production of bio-bitumen from agricultural waste at a CSIR event in New Delhi.
• Objectives: To reduce fossil fuel dependence, eliminate crop residue burning, promote sustainable infrastructure, and advance India’s vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 and Atma Nirbhar Bharat.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bio-Bitumen: A sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based bitumen, produced using biomass and agricultural waste. Used in road construction, it reduces environmental pollution and fossil fuel usage.
• CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research): India’s premier R&D organization under the Ministry of Science and Technology, responsible for innovating and commercializing the bio-bitumen technology.
• Viksit Bharat 2047: A national vision aiming to transform India into a developed nation by the year 2047, the centenary of India’s independence, with a focus on sustainability, innovation, and inclusivity.

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17. Which organization organised the BHARATI Startup Challenge at IndusFood 2026 to promote agri-export startups?
A) FSSAI
B) NABARD
C) APEDA
D) NITI Aayog
E) SIDBI
Answer: C) APEDA

Event and Location:

• Event: Organisation of BHARATI Startup Challenge and BHARATI Startup Zone at IndusFood 2026
• Location: India (IndusFood International Trade Fair)
• Date: 08 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: APEDA organised the BHARATI Startup Challenge and established the BHARATI Startup Zone at IndusFood 2026 to identify, mentor and support export-ready agri-startups and provide international exposure through global trade platforms.
• Objectives: To strengthen India’s agricultural and processed food export ecosystem by promoting innovation, supporting MSMEs, empowering farmers, enhancing value chains, and positioning India as a future-ready global supplier of agri-products.

Important Terms Explained:

• APEDA: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, a statutory body under the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, responsible for promoting exports of agricultural and processed food products.
• BHARATI Startup Challenge: An innovation and entrepreneurship initiative by APEDA to mentor and scale export-ready agri-startups through policy facilitation, market access, and global exposure.
• BHARATI Startup Zone: A dedicated innovation pavilion at IndusFood 2026 showcasing over 100 agri-startups working in value addition, agri-technology, packaging, logistics, traceability, and sustainable export solutions.

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18. Which two ports in Tamil Nadu are the focus of the ₹235 crore maritime infrastructure and digital upgrade projects launched by the Union Government in January 2026?
A) Tuticorin and Ennore
B) Kamarajar and Chennai
C) Nagapattinam and Cuddalore
D) Cochin and Chennai
E) Paradip and Kamarajar
Answer: B) Kamarajar and Chennai

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ₹235 crore port infrastructure and digital projects in Tamil Nadu
• Location: Chennai Port Authority and Kamarajar Port Limited, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 8 January 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch and inauguration of port infrastructure upgrades, climate-resilient coastal structures, a SAP-based digital governance platform, and maritime safety measures at Chennai and Kamarajar ports.
• Objectives: To modernise ports, enhance coastal and operational resilience, improve ease of doing business (EODB), and support India’s maritime-led growth under the Viksit Bharat vision.

Important Terms Explained:

• Viksit Bharat: A national vision aiming for a developed India by 2047, with focus on infrastructure, sustainability, and self-reliance.
• Sagarmala Programme: A flagship initiative of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways for port-led development and modernization of India’s coastline.
• Enterprise Business System (EBS): A ₹45 crore SAP-based integrated digital platform launched at Chennai Port for finance, HR, procurement, port operations, and customer services.
• One Nation–One Port Process (ONOP): An initiative to unify and digitize port clearance systems across India for efficiency and transparency.

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Over All Review

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