Daily Current Affairs February 12

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February 12 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs February 12

1. The 68th Foundation Day of the National Productivity Council (NPC) was celebrated with which theme for National Productivity Week 2026?
A) Digital Manufacturing for Global India
B) Clusters as Growth Engine Maximizing Productivity in MSMEs
C) Atmanirbhar Bharat Through Industrial Expansion
D) Sustainable Trade and Export Acceleration
E) Innovation Led Industrial Revolution
Answer: B) Clusters as Growth Engine Maximizing Productivity in MSMEs

Event and Location:

• Event: 68th Foundation Day celebration of the National Productivity Council along with National Productivity Week 2026
• Location: Across India
• Date: 12 February 2026 (National Productivity Week observed from 12–18 February 2026)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The National Productivity Council (NPC) celebrated its 68th Foundation Day and observed National Productivity Week 2026 with a focus on promoting cluster-based development for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
• Objectives: The initiative aims to enhance productivity, strengthen MSMEs, improve manufacturing capacity, encourage technology adoption, promote sustainable industrialisation, and improve export competitiveness especially in the context of India’s recent trade agreements.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Productivity Council (NPC): An autonomous body established in 1958 under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, which provides consultancy, training, and research services to enhance productivity across sectors.
• Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): Enterprises classified based on investment and turnover criteria that play a vital role in employment generation, exports, and GDP growth in India.
• Cluster-Based Development: A development strategy where interconnected businesses and industries are geographically concentrated to achieve economies of scale, supply chain efficiency, innovation, and improved competitiveness.
• Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT): A department under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry responsible for industrial development, FDI policy, and promotion of internal trade.
• Asian Productivity Organisation (APO): An intergovernmental organization established to promote productivity in the Asia-Pacific region, of which India is a founding member and currently serves as Chair.

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs February 12

2. James Van Der Beek, who passed away at the age of 48, was best known for his role in which television series?
A) Friends
B) Dawson’s Creek
C) Beverly Hills 90210
D) The O.C.
E) One Tree Hill
Answer: B) Dawson’s Creek

Event and Location:

• Event: Demise of Hollywood actor James Van Der Beek
• Location: United States
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The family of James Van Der Beek confirmed his passing at the age of 48 after a prolonged battle with stage three colorectal cancer.
• Objectives: During his illness, he aimed to raise awareness about early cancer detection and the importance of medical screening for colorectal cancer.

Important Terms Explained:

• Colorectal Cancer: A type of cancer that begins in the colon or rectum and can spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body if not detected early.
• Stage Three Cancer: A cancer stage where the disease has spread to nearby lymph nodes but not to distant organs.
• Dawson’s Creek: A popular American coming-of-age teen drama television series that aired in 1998 and became one of the defining youth-oriented shows of the late 1990s and early 2000s.

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs February 12

3. According to Stanford University’s 2025 Global AI Vibrancy Ranking, what is India’s global rank in Artificial Intelligence?
A) 1st
B) 2nd
C) 3rd
D) 5th
E) 10th
Answer: C) 3rd

Event and Location:

• Event: India ranked 3rd in Stanford’s Global AI Vibrancy Ranking 2025 highlighting AI-driven growth
• Location: India
• Date: 2025–2026 (as per latest global rankings and reports)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India through the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) is implementing national AI programmes to enhance AI research, infrastructure, skilling, and responsible AI adoption.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to boost productivity, create AI-driven employment, strengthen digital infrastructure, expand AI startups, improve global competitiveness, and empower one crore citizens with foundational AI skills under the AI for All vision.

Important Terms Explained:

• Global AI Vibrancy Ranking: An index released by Stanford University measuring AI leadership based on research output, talent, infrastructure, and entrepreneurship.
• AI Preparedness Index: An IMF index evaluating countries’ readiness to adopt and benefit from Artificial Intelligence.
• National Program on Artificial Intelligence: A government initiative led by MeitY focusing on AI research institutions, data governance, skilling, and responsible AI development.
• IndiaAI Mission: A national mission launched in 2024 to strengthen AI infrastructure, computing capacity, datasets, and talent development in India.
• BHASHINI: A government initiative enabling AI-driven language translation and digital services in 36+ Indian languages.
• FutureSkills Prime: A joint initiative by MeitY and NASSCOM aimed at reskilling and upskilling professionals in emerging technologies including AI.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs February 12

4. India has revised the base year of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from 2012 to which new base year?
A) 2020
B) 2022
C) 2023
D) 2024
E) 2025
Answer: D) 2024

Event and Location:

• Event: Revision of the base year of the Consumer Price Index to 2024
• Location: India
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has updated the base year of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) from 2012 to 2024, incorporating revised consumption weights, expanded digital data sources, improved methodology, and broader market coverage.
• Objectives: The revision aims to ensure inflation measurement reflects current consumption patterns, improve statistical accuracy, align macroeconomic indicators with structural economic changes, and support informed monetary policy decisions by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

Important Terms Explained:

• Consumer Price Index (CPI): A measure of retail inflation that tracks changes in the prices of goods and services consumed by households and serves as the primary inflation gauge for RBI’s monetary policy.
• Base Year: A reference year against which current price levels are compared to calculate inflation, updated periodically to reflect structural changes in the economy.
• Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI): The central government ministry responsible for compiling and publishing key macroeconomic data such as CPI, GDP, and IIP.
• Inflation Targeting Framework: A monetary policy framework under which RBI aims to maintain inflation at 4 percent with a tolerance band of ±2 percent.
• Index of Industrial Production (IIP): An index measuring the performance of industrial sectors such as manufacturing, mining, and electricity.

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5. Under the recent reforms by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), loans given by banks to National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC) for on-lending to cooperative societies will be treated as what category from January 19, 2026?
A) Non Priority Sector Lending
B) Capital Adequacy Lending
C) Priority Sector Lending
D) Infrastructure Lending
E) Corporate Social Responsibility Lending
Answer: C) Priority Sector Lending

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI introduces reforms to strengthen cooperative banks
• Location: India
• Date: January 19, 2026 (PSL provision effective date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI), in consultation with the Government of India, announced reforms including PSL benefits for NCDC loans, enhanced housing loan limits for Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs), digital infrastructure support, governance improvements, and enhanced deposit protection measures.
• Objectives: The reforms aim to improve financial stability, strengthen governance, enhance digital banking capabilities, increase credit flow to cooperative societies, and ensure greater deposit security for customers.

Important Terms Explained:

• Priority Sector Lending (PSL): RBI-mandated lending by banks to sectors such as agriculture, MSMEs, and weaker sections to promote inclusive growth.
• National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC): A statutory body under the Ministry of Cooperation that provides financial assistance to cooperative societies to promote cooperative development.
• Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs): Cooperative banks operating in urban and semi-urban areas that provide banking services to local communities.
• Aadhaar-enabled Payment System (AePS): A digital payment service that allows bank transactions using Aadhaar authentication to promote financial inclusion.
• National Urban Co-operative Finance and Development Corporation Limited (NUCFDC): An umbrella organization established to provide IT and operational support to UCBs.
• Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC): A subsidiary of RBI that insures bank deposits up to ₹5 lakh per depositor per bank including principal and interest.
• Integrated Ombudsman Scheme: RBI’s grievance redressal mechanism for customers of banks and financial institutions.

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs February 12

6. Adani Power has formed which new subsidiary to enter India’s nuclear power sector?
A) Adani Nuclear Corporation Ltd
B) Adani Clean Atomics Ltd
C) Adani Atomic Energy Ltd
D) Adani Nuclear Grid Ltd
E) Adani Energy Systems Ltd
Answer: C) Adani Atomic Energy Ltd

Event and Location:

• Event: Formation of Adani Atomic Energy Ltd by Adani Power
• Location: India
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Adani Power has incorporated a new subsidiary, Adani Atomic Energy Ltd, to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity derived from nuclear energy sources following the Government of India’s decision to allow greater private participation in the nuclear sector.
• Objectives: The move aims to expand clean energy capacity, meet rising electricity demand, reduce carbon emissions, strengthen long-term energy security, and support India’s broader energy transition strategy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Adani Atomic Energy Ltd: A newly formed subsidiary of Adani Power focused on nuclear energy generation and related power transmission and distribution activities.
• Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL): A government-owned enterprise responsible for operating and managing India’s nuclear power plants.
• Baseload Power: A continuous and stable supply of electricity required to meet minimum demand levels, often provided by nuclear or thermal plants.
• Energy Transition: The shift from fossil fuel-based energy systems to cleaner and more sustainable sources such as renewable and nuclear energy.
• Gigawatt (GW): A unit of power equal to one billion watts, commonly used to measure large-scale electricity generation capacity.

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7. India’s retail inflation in January 2026 under the new Consumer Price Index (CPI) series (Base 2024 = 100) stood at:
A) 2.13 percent
B) 2.50 percent
C) 2.75 percent
D) 3.00 percent
E) 3.25 percent
Answer: C) 2.75 percent

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of January 2026 retail inflation data under new CPI (Base 2024 = 100) series
• Location: India
• Date: February 2026 (Data for January 2026)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the first inflation data under the revised CPI series with base year 2024 = 100, replacing the 2012 base year.
• Objectives: The revision aims to reflect updated household consumption patterns based on the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey 2023–24, improve classification accuracy under COICOP 2018, expand the item basket, and provide a more realistic measure of retail inflation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Consumer Price Index (CPI): A measure of retail inflation that tracks changes in prices of goods and services consumed by households.
• Base Year (2024 = 100): The reference year against which price changes are measured, updated from 2012 to better represent current consumption patterns.
• Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2023–24: A nationwide survey capturing household spending patterns used to revise CPI weights and item composition.
• COICOP 2018 (Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose): An international classification framework used to categorize consumption into standardized divisions for accurate statistical reporting.
• Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI): A sub-component of CPI that tracks inflation specifically in food items.

Tabular Summary:

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8. According to the State Bank of India (SBI) report, approximately what percentage of India’s agricultural export items to the United States now enjoy zero tariff access?
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 85%
E) 90%
Answer: C) 75%

Event and Location:

• Event: SBI report highlighting zero tariff access for Indian agricultural exports to the US
• Location: India–United States Trade
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The State Bank of India (SBI) reported that nearly 75% of India’s agricultural export items to the United States now enjoy zero tariff access, covering products worth over $1.035 billion and strengthening India’s agricultural trade position.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to enhance export competitiveness, increase market access, improve price realization for farmers, expand export volumes, and strengthen India’s $1.3 billion agricultural trade surplus with the US.

Important Terms Explained:

• Zero Tariff Access: A trade arrangement where imported goods are not subject to customs duties, improving price competitiveness in the destination market.
• Trade Surplus: A situation where a country’s exports exceed its imports in a specific trade segment.
• Reciprocal Tariff: A tariff imposed in response to duties levied by another country, often adjusted under trade negotiations.
• Agricultural Exports: Outbound trade of farm and allied products such as rice, fisheries, tea, coffee, and spices.
• Plantation Economy: Agricultural production system focused on crops like tea, coffee, and spices that are primarily grown for export.

Tabular Summary:

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Books and Authors – Daily Current Affairs February 12

9. “Four Stars of Destiny: An Autobiography” is written by which former Chief of the Indian Army?
A) General Bipin Rawat
B) General Manoj Mukund Naravane
C) General Dalbir Singh Suhag
D) General V K Singh
E) General M M Naravane
Answer: B) General Manoj Mukund Naravane

Event and Location:

• Event: Publication of the autobiography Four Stars of Destiny
• Location: India
• Date: 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The book chronicles the life and career of General Manoj Mukund Naravane, detailing his journey from childhood to becoming the 28th Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of India.
• Objectives: The autobiography aims to provide insights into military leadership, the structure and functioning of the Indian Army, strategic decision-making, and to share leadership lessons applicable beyond the armed forces.

Important Terms Explained:

• Chief of the Army Staff (COAS): The professional head of the Indian Army responsible for operational command, administration, and overall leadership of the force.
• Indian Army: The land-based branch of the Indian Armed Forces responsible for national security, territorial integrity, and defence operations.
• Autobiography: A self-written account of one’s life that provides personal experiences, reflections, and insights.
• Military Leadership: A leadership style focused on discipline, integrity, teamwork, resilience, and strategic decision-making in defence and security contexts.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs February 12

10. The Indian Air Force conducted a joint air exercise with the Royal Thai Air Force near which strategically important maritime chokepoint?
A) Strait of Hormuz
B) Bab el Mandeb Strait
C) Strait of Gibraltar
D) Strait of Malacca
E) Sunda Strait
Answer: D) Strait of Malacca

Event and Location:

• Event: Joint air exercise between the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Royal Thai Air Force (RTAF)
• Location: Near the Strait of Malacca, Indo-Pacific region
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The IAF conducted its first international air exercise of 2026 with Thailand, deploying Su-30MKI, AWACS, AEW&C, and IL-78 mid-air refuellers, while RTAF participated with JAS 39 Gripen C/D fighters.
• Objectives: The exercise aimed to enhance interoperability, strengthen Indo-Thai defence cooperation, improve maritime domain awareness, ensure freedom of navigation in the Indo-Pacific, and reinforce regional security near critical Sea Lines of Communication.

Important Terms Explained:

• Strait of Malacca: A strategic maritime chokepoint connecting the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, carrying nearly one-quarter of global seaborne trade and significant oil and LNG shipments.
• Su-30MKI: A multirole fighter aircraft operated by the Indian Air Force, developed by Sukhoi with Indian customization.
• JAS 39 Gripen: A lightweight multirole fighter aircraft developed by Swedish company Saab AB, currently offered to India under the MRFA programme.
• MRFA (Multirole Fighter Aircraft) Programme: An Indian Air Force procurement plan to acquire 114 multirole fighter jets to strengthen squadron strength.
• Make in India Initiative: A Government of India programme promoting domestic manufacturing and technology transfer across sectors including defence.
• Act East Policy: India’s foreign policy initiative to strengthen economic and strategic relations with Southeast Asian nations.

Tabular Summary:

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11. The Defence Acquisition Council has cleared a ₹3.25 lakh crore proposal to procure 114 Rafale fighter jets from which company?
A) Boeing
B) Lockheed Martin
C) Saab AB
D) Dassault Aviation
E) Sukhoi
Answer: D) Dassault Aviation

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval for procurement of 114 Rafale fighter jets
• Location: India
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, granted initial approval for the procurement of 114 Rafale multirole fighter aircraft from Dassault Aviation at an estimated cost of ₹3.25 lakh crore, with provisions for technology transfer and production in India.
• Objectives: The deal aims to strengthen the Indian Air Force (IAF) squadron strength, enhance air superiority capabilities, boost defence indigenisation, promote domestic aerospace manufacturing, and deepen India–France defence cooperation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Defence Acquisition Council (DAC): The highest decision-making body in India for capital procurement of defence equipment, chaired by the Defence Minister.
• Rafale Fighter Jet: A twin-engine multirole combat aircraft manufactured by Dassault Aviation, capable of air superiority, ground attack, reconnaissance, and nuclear deterrence missions.
• Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS): A high-level government body responsible for approving major defence and security-related proposals.
• Technology Transfer: An arrangement where foreign manufacturers share technical knowledge and production capabilities with domestic industries.
• Indigenisation: The process of increasing domestic production and reducing dependence on imports in defence manufacturing.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs February 12

12. White Revolution 2.0 has been launched by which ministry to strengthen India’s dairy cooperative structure and increase milk procurement by 50% over five years?
A) Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
B) Ministry of Rural Development
C) Ministry of Cooperation
D) Ministry of Food Processing Industries
E) Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Answer: C) Ministry of Cooperation

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of White Revolution 2.0 to strengthen India’s dairy sector through a cooperative-based model
• Location: India
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India, through the Ministry of Cooperation, has launched White Revolution 2.0 to increase milk procurement by dairy cooperatives by 50% over five years, targeting 1,007 lakh kilograms per day by 2028–29.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to expand dairy cooperative coverage in uncovered villages, strengthen existing Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS), enhance income of small and marginal farmers, promote women-led dairy enterprises, improve infrastructure, and support nutritional security through higher milk availability.

Important Terms Explained:

• White Revolution 2.0: A national dairy sector initiative focused on expanding cooperative coverage, increasing milk procurement, formalising women’s participation, and improving infrastructure to enhance India’s dairy productivity.
• Dairy Cooperative Societies (DCS): Village-level cooperative bodies that collect milk from farmers, ensure fair pricing, and connect producers to organised dairy markets.
• National Dairy Development Programme 2.0 (NPDD 2.0): A scheme of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying that provides financial assistance for dairy infrastructure, including milk collection and cooling systems.
• Automatic Milk Collection Units (AMCUs): Electronic systems used for transparent milk procurement, testing, and payment processing at village collection centres.
• Bulk Milk Coolers: Infrastructure facilities that store milk at low temperatures to maintain quality and reduce spoilage before transportation.

Tabular Summary:

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13. India’s first ‘Musical Road’ that plays the song “Jai Ho” has been unveiled in which city?
A) New Delhi
B) Bengaluru
C) Mumbai
D) Hyderabad
E) Ahmedabad
Answer: C) Mumbai

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of India’s first Musical Road playing the song “Jai Ho”
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra (Northbound carriageway between Nariman Point and Worli on the Coastal Road)
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) commissioned a 500-metre melody stretch on the Mumbai Coastal Road that plays “Jai Ho” when vehicles travel at a fixed speed of 70–80 km/h.
• Objectives: The project aims to combine engineering innovation with cultural expression, promote safe driving through steady speed maintenance, reduce sudden braking, improve traffic flow, and enhance the overall driving experience.

Important Terms Explained:

• Musical Road: A specially engineered road with precisely cut grooves or rumble strips that produce musical notes through tyre vibrations when vehicles move at a specific speed.
• Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC): The civic body governing Mumbai, responsible for urban infrastructure, public services, and municipal administration.
• Rumble Strips: Grooved patterns cut into road surfaces that create vibrations and sound when vehicles pass over them, traditionally used for traffic safety alerts.
• Mumbai Coastal Road Project: A 10.5 km-long infrastructure corridor designed to reduce travel time between South Mumbai and the western suburbs.

Tabular Summary:

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14. The Government of India has initiated viability assessment for how many new high-speed rail (bullet train) corridors?
A) Five
B) Six
C) Seven
D) Eight
E) Nine
Answer: C) Seven

Event and Location:

• Event: Initiation of viability assessment for seven new High-Speed Rail (HSR) corridors
• Location: India
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India has directed the National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL) to conduct financial and technical viability assessments, update Detailed Project Reports (DPRs), standardise systems, and begin preparatory activities for seven proposed bullet train corridors spanning nearly 4,000 km.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to expand India’s high-speed rail network, enhance connectivity between major economic hubs, promote indigenisation in rail technology, reduce travel time, generate employment, and strengthen regional economic integration.

Important Terms Explained:

• High-Speed Rail (HSR): A railway system designed for speeds typically above 250 km/h, aimed at rapid intercity connectivity.
• National High Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL): A special purpose vehicle under the Ministry of Railways responsible for implementing high-speed rail projects in India.
• Detailed Project Report (DPR): A comprehensive project document outlining technical specifications, financial viability, cost estimates, and implementation strategy.
• Indigenisation: The process of increasing domestic manufacturing and technological capability to reduce dependence on foreign imports.
• Make in India Initiative: A Government of India programme aimed at promoting domestic manufacturing and enhancing self-reliance in key sectors including infrastructure and transport.

Tabular Summary:

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15. The Government of Uttar Pradesh has presented a Budget of ₹9.13 trillion for which financial year?
A) 2024–25
B) 2025–26
C) 2026–27
D) 2027–28
E) 2028–29
Answer: C) 2026–27

Event and Location:

• Event: Presentation of ₹9.13 trillion State Budget
• Location: Uttar Pradesh, India
• Date: February 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of Uttar Pradesh presented a ₹9.13 trillion Budget for 2026–27 with a 12.2% increase over the previous year, focusing on fiscal discipline, infrastructure growth, education, agriculture, health, and employment generation.
• Objectives: The Budget aims to maintain fiscal prudence with a 3% fiscal deficit cap of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP), promote sustainable growth, strengthen social sectors, expand skill development, and encourage job creation under the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model.

Important Terms Explained:

• Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP): The total monetary value of all goods and services produced within a state during a specific period.
• Fiscal Deficit: The gap between the government’s total expenditure and total revenue excluding borrowings.
• Sixteenth Finance Commission: A constitutional body that recommends distribution of tax revenues between the Centre and States and advises on fiscal consolidation.
• Public-Private Partnership (PPP): A collaborative model where the government partners with private entities for financing, building, and operating projects or services.
• Capital Investment: Government spending on infrastructure and long-term assets to boost economic growth.

Tabular Summary:

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16. The World’s Largest Grain Storage Plan in Cooperative Sector (WLGSP) is primarily implemented at which institutional level?
A) District Cooperative Banks
B) State Warehousing Corporations
C) Primary Agricultural Credit Societies
D) Food Corporation of India
E) NABARD Regional Offices
Answer: C) Primary Agricultural Credit Societies

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation of World’s Largest Grain Storage Plan in Cooperative Sector (WLGSP)
• Location: India (Pilot in Balaghat district, Madhya Pradesh)
• Date: Information shared in February 2026 (Pilot inaugurated on 24 February 2024)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India is implementing WLGSP to create decentralized grain storage infrastructure at the Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS) level through convergence of multiple government schemes and enhanced financial support.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to strengthen food security, reduce post-harvest losses, improve farmers’ income, enable pledge financing, prevent distress sales, and enhance supply chain efficiency at the village level.

Important Terms Explained:

• Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS): Grassroots-level cooperative credit institutions that provide short-term loans and agricultural services to farmers.
• Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF): A government scheme providing medium- to long-term debt financing for agricultural infrastructure projects.
• Agricultural Marketing Infrastructure (AMI) Scheme: A scheme aimed at improving post-harvest management and marketing infrastructure in rural areas.
• Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM): A sub-scheme promoting farm mechanization to enhance productivity.
• Pradhan Mantri Formalization of Micro Food Processing Enterprises (PMFME): A scheme to support micro food processing units through financial and technical assistance.
• Pledge Financing: A system where farmers can obtain loans by pledging stored produce as collateral instead of selling immediately.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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