Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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February 08 & 09 | Daily Current Affairs 2024

Sports – Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

1. Which team won the Men’s Hockey India League (HIL) 2024-25 season?
A) Hyderabad Toofans
B) Ranchi Rhinos
C) Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers
D) Punjab Warriors
E) Delhi Waveriders
Answer: C) Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers

Event and Location:

• Event: Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers won the Men’s Hockey India League (HIL) 2024-25 by defeating Hyderabad Toofans 4-3.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium, Rourkela

Match Summary:

• Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers secured a 4-3 victory over Hyderabad Toofans in the final.
• Jugraj Singh scored a hat trick (25′, 32′, 35′) for the Tigers.
• Sam Lane netted the winning goal in the 54th minute.
• Gonzalo Peillat (9′, 39′) and Amandeep Lakra (26′) scored for Hyderabad Toofans.
• Jamie Carr made crucial saves to deny Hyderabad an equalizer.

Prize Money:

• Winners (Shrachi Rarh Bengal Tigers): ₹3 crore
• Runners-up (Hyderabad Toofans): ₹2 crore

Tabular Summary:

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2. Which country will host the ICC Champions Trophy 2025?
A) India
B) England
C) Australia
D) Pakistan
E) South Africa
Answer: D) Pakistan

Event and Location:

• Event: The ICC Champions Trophy 2025 will be hosted by Pakistan, marking the tournament’s return after seven years.

Tournament History:

• First held in 1998, the ICC Champions Trophy was initially called the ICC KnockOut Tournament.
• Designed to generate funds for cricket development in non-Test-playing nations.
• From 2009 onwards, the format was revised to include only the top eight ODI teams.
• After 2017, the tournament was discontinued but was reintroduced by ICC in 2021.

List of ICC Champions Trophy Winners (1998–2025):

Teams Qualified for ICC Champions Trophy 2025:

• Pakistan (Hosting Nation)
• India
• Australia
• South Africa
• New Zealand
• Afghanistan

Important Terms Explained:

• ICC Champions Trophy:
  • A One Day International (ODI) cricket tournament organized by the International Cricket Council (ICC).
  • Features top-ranked ODI teams competing for the title.
• ICC (International Cricket Council):
  • Governing body for international cricket.
  • Organizes global tournaments such as the Cricket World Cup, T20 World Cup, and Champions Trophy.
• Format of ICC Champions Trophy:
  • Top 8 ODI teams based on ICC rankings qualify.
  • Single group-stage format, followed by semi-finals and a final.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

3. What was the reason behind SEBI imposing a ₹25 lakh fine on DB Realty Ltd and associated individuals?
A) Tax evasion by the company
B) Non-compliance with environmental regulations
C) Financial misstatements and failure to disclose a corporate guarantee
D) Insider trading and stock price manipulation
E) Violation of labor laws
Answer: C) Financial misstatements and failure to disclose a corporate guarantee

Event and Location:

• Event: SEBI fined DB Realty Ltd (now Valor Estate Ltd) and seven individuals ₹25 lakh for financial misstatements and non-disclosure.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives of SEBI’s Action:

• Ensuring transparency and accountability in financial disclosures of listed companies
• Enforcing strict financial reporting norms to protect investors
• Preventing misrepresentation of financial statements to maintain market integrity

Reasons for SEBI’s Penalty:

• DB Realty failed to comply with accounting standards in its financial statements.
• The company did not disclose a corporate guarantee given to the Bank of India for a ₹516 crore loan taken by Pune Buildtech Pvt Ltd (PBPL).
• Key events were not disclosed:
  • The loan became a non-performing asset (NPA).
  • Invocation of the guarantee by the bank.
  • Symbolic possession of properties by the bank.

Individuals Penalized and Their Fines:

• Vinod Kumar Goenka (Chairperson & Managing Director) – ₹5 lakh
• Shahid Balwa Usman (Managing Director) – ₹5 lakh
• Asif Yusuf Balwa – ₹2 lakh
• Jayvardhan Vinod Goenka – ₹2 lakh
• Salim Balwa Usman – ₹2 lakh
• Sunita Goenka – ₹2 lakh
• Nabil Yusuf Patel – ₹2 lakh
• DB Realty Ltd – ₹5 lakh

Important Terms Explained:

• SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India):
  • Regulatory authority for securities and capital markets in India
  • Ensures transparency, investor protection, and financial integrity in the stock market
• Non-Performing Asset (NPA):
  • A loan is classified as NPA when principal or interest payments are overdue for more than 90 days
  • The Bank of India classified PBPL’s loan as an NPA, leading to the invocation of the corporate guarantee

Corporate Guarantee:

• A pledge by one company to take responsibility for a loan taken by another company
• DB Realty provided this guarantee for PBPL’s ₹516 crore loan

National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA):

• A regulatory body overseeing the auditing and accounting standards in India
• NFRA had fined two auditors of DB Realty ₹8 lakh in December 2024 for professional misconduct related to financial reporting

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

4. What is the primary objective of the new Income Tax Bill 2025?
A) Increase tax rates for high-income individuals
B) Introduce additional tax slabs for businesses
C) Simplify, modernize, and streamline the tax system
D) Impose stricter penalties for tax evasion
E) Expand tax exemptions for specific industries
Answer: C) Simplify, modernize, and streamline the tax system

Event and Location:

• Event: The Union Cabinet approved the new Income Tax Bill 2025, replacing the Income Tax Act, 1961.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: India

Key Features of the New Income Tax Bill:

• No Additional Tax Burden: The bill focuses on ease of compliance without introducing new taxes.
• Simplified Language & Structure: The legal language will be clear and concise to improve taxpayer understanding.
• Reduction in Tax Litigation: The bill aims to minimize legal disputes by ensuring greater tax certainty.
• Compliance Reduction: The government is eliminating redundant documentation and streamlining tax return filing.
• Public Consultation: The bill incorporates over 6,500 suggestions from taxpayers and industry experts.

Process of Implementation:

• Cabinet Approval: The bill has been approved by the Union Cabinet.
• Parliament Introduction: It will be introduced in Parliament for discussion.
• Standing Committee Review: The bill will be examined by the Standing Committee on

Finance for further evaluation:

• Final Approval & Implementation: Once passed by both Houses of Parliament and signed by the President, it will be enacted.

Important Terms Explained:

• Income Tax Act, 1961:
  • The existing tax law governing direct taxation in India for over six decades.
  • Has undergone multiple amendments, making it complex and difficult to interpret.
• Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT):
  • The apex body responsible for tax administration and policymaking under the Ministry of Finance.
  • Plays a crucial role in formulating and implementing direct tax laws.

Standing Committee on Finance:

• A parliamentary committee that reviews and analyzes financial legislation before final approval.
• Examines tax laws, economic policies, and budgetary proposals.

Tabular Summary:

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5. What is the primary reason behind Tata Communications selling its payment arm TCPSL?
A) To expand its ATM network across India
B) To focus on its core business areas and improve profitability
C) To partner with new fintech firms in the payment sector
D) To enter the digital banking industry with Findi
E) To comply with new RBI regulations on foreign investments
Answer: B) To focus on its core business areas and improve profitability

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI approved Tata Communications’ sale of Tata Communications Payment Solutions Ltd (TCPSL) to Findi’s subsidiary, Transaction Solutions International (TSI).
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: India

Key Details of the Deal:

• Buyer: Findi (Australia-based fintech) via Transaction Solutions International (TSI).
• Seller: Tata Communications.
• Deal Value: ₹330 crore + ₹75 crore contingent on interchange rate adjustments.
• ATMs Acquired: 4,600 Indicash ATMs, expanding TSI’s network.
• Total ATMs Post-Acquisition: 12,000+ ATMs, making TSI one of the largest ATM operators in Asia.

Why Did Tata Communications Sell TCPSL?

• The payment solutions sector does not align with Tata Communications’ core business.
• The divestment helps focus on primary business areas and improve profitability.

Impact on Findi and TSI:

• TSI’s ATM presence expands from 7,500 to over 12,000 ATMs.
• Strengthens Findi’s foothold in India’s financial services sector, especially in underbanked regions.
• Brings TSI closer to becoming a full-fledged payments bank.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tata Communications Payment Solutions Ltd (TCPSL):
  • A wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Communications operating under the Indicash ATM brand.
  • Provides brown-label ATMs in partnership with banks.
• Brown-Label ATMs:
  • ATMs owned by private companies but operated under a bank’s branding.
  • TSI operates brown-label ATMs for SBI, PNB, Central Bank of India, and HDFC Bank.
• Interchange Rate Adjustments:
  • The fee paid by one bank to another for ATM transactions.
  • The deal includes ₹75 crore additional payment based on interchange rate changes.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

6. What is the significance of the world’s first kangaroo embryos created via IVF?
A) It allows selective breeding of kangaroos for commercial purposes
B) It helps in developing artificial gestation chambers for marsupials
C) It introduces a new method for conserving endangered marsupial species
D) It ensures that kangaroos can reproduce at a faster rate in captivity
E) It enables cloning of extinct marsupial species
Answer: C) It introduces a new method for conserving endangered marsupial species

Event and Location:

• Event: Scientists at the University of Queensland, Australia, created the world’s first kangaroo embryos using in vitro fertilization (IVF).
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: University of Queensland, Australia

Significance of the Breakthrough:

• This is the first time IVF has been successfully used in kangaroos, marking a major advancement in marsupial conservation.
• Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IVF have been widely used in humans and domestic animals but were largely unexplored in marsupials.
• This achievement paves the way for using IVF in endangered marsupial species, potentially preventing their extinction.

Key Research Findings:

• Scientists used eastern grey kangaroos as a model species.
• Eggs and sperm were collected, and 32 ovarian follicles were cultured.
• Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) was used to fertilize eggs, successfully forming kangaroo embryos.

Potential Impact on Conservation:

• This technology can help preserve endangered marsupial species such as koalas, Tasmanian devils, northern hairy-nosed wombats, and Leadbeater’s possums.
• IVF allows genetic material to be stored, ensuring long-term biodiversity conservation.
• Scientists hope that the first kangaroo born through IVF could become a reality within a decade.

Important Terms Explained:

• In Vitro Fertilization (IVF):
  • A process in which an egg is fertilized outside the body and later implanted into the uterus.
  • Used widely in humans and domestic animals, now adapted for marsupials.
• Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI):
  • A method of IVF where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to ensure fertilization.
  • Used in this study to successfully create kangaroo embryos.
• Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART):
  • Medical techniques used to aid reproduction, including IVF and embryo transfer.
  • Used for conservation efforts in endangered species like rhinos, elephants, and big cats.

Tabular Summary:

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7. What is Pakistan’s contribution to China’s Chang’e-8 lunar mission?
A) A communication satellite for Moon-to-Earth transmissions
B) A lunar rover for exploring the Moon’s south pole
C) A space telescope for deep-space observations
D) A crew module for future lunar missions
E) A solar-powered lunar habitat prototype
Answer: B) A lunar rover for exploring the Moon’s south pole

Event and Location:

• Event: Pakistan has partnered with China for the Chang’e-8 lunar mission and will contribute a lunar rover.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: Pakistan and China

Pakistan’s Role in the Chang’e-8 Mission:

• Pakistan’s space agency SUPARCO will provide a 35-kilogram lunar rover for the mission.
• The rover will explore the Moon’s south pole, an area of interest due to the possible presence of water ice.
• The rover will conduct scientific experiments, terrain analysis, and resource assessments to support future lunar colonization.

Objectives of the Chang’e-8 Mission:

• Testing technologies for constructing a lunar science base.
• Conducting experiments to analyze lunar samples.
• Assessing in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) to determine if a terrestrial ecosystem can be sustained on the Moon.
• Lunar surface surveys to gather data for future missions.

Pakistan’s Expanding Space Aspirations:

• In May 2024, Pakistan successfully launched the iCube Qamar CubeSat satellite aboard China’s Chang’e-6 mission.
• The Chang’e-8 mission represents Pakistan’s first direct lunar exploration effort, allowing Pakistani scientists to gain experience in planetary sciences and rover technology.

Important Terms Explained:

• SUPARCO (Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission):
  • Pakistan’s national space agency, responsible for space research and satellite development.
  • Focuses on Earth observation, communication satellites, and now lunar exploration.
• Chang’e-8 Mission:
  • A part of China’s International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) project, set to launch in 2028.
  • Aims to prepare for a permanent lunar base by 2035.
• In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU):
  • The process of extracting and using resources directly from the Moon.
  • Helps reduce reliance on Earth-based supply missions for lunar colonies.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

8. What is the primary objective of the Indian Navy’s First Training Squadron visit to Changi Naval Base, Singapore?
A) Conduct naval exercises with the United States Navy
B) Strengthen maritime cooperation and mutual understanding with Singapore
C) Deliver humanitarian aid to Southeast Asian nations
D) Establish a permanent naval base in Singapore
E) Participate in an international naval warfare competition
Answer: B) Strengthen maritime cooperation and mutual understanding with Singapore

Event and Location:

• Event: The Indian Navy’s First Training Squadron (1TS), consisting of INS Sujata, INS Shardul, and ICGS Veera, arrived at Changi Naval Base, Singapore, as part of a Long-Range Training Deployment to Southeast Asia.
• Date: February 6, 2025
• Location: Changi Naval Base, Singapore

Objective of the Visit:

• Enhance maritime cooperation and mutual understanding between India and Singapore.
• Professional exchanges and cross-training visits with the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN).
• Promote regional security under India’s SAGAR policy (Security and Growth for All in the Region).

Key Diplomatic and Naval Engagements:

• Dr. Shilpak Ambule, High Commissioner of India to Singapore, visited the Indian ships and interacted with Sea Trainees.
• Senior officers of 1TS met Col Rinson Chua Hon Liat, Commander of Maritime Training and Doctrine (MTDC), RSN.
• Discussions focused on maritime security and India-Singapore naval cooperation.

Collaborative Activities with the Republic of Singapore Navy (RSN):

• Professional exchanges between naval officers.
• Cross-training visits to enhance operational interoperability.
• Friendly sports fixtures to strengthen bilateral military relations.

Strategic Importance of the Visit:

• Reinforces the maritime partnership between India and Singapore.
• Supports regional security and stability in the Indo-Pacific.
• Strengthens India’s SAGAR vision, promoting maritime security and cooperation in Southeast Asia.

Important Terms Explained:

• First Training Squadron (1TS):
  • A squadron under the Indian Navy, responsible for training cadets and sea trainees.
  • Comprises INS Sujata, INS Shardul, and ICGS Veera for international deployments.
• SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region):
  • India’s maritime security policy, focusing on regional stability, cooperation, and growth in the Indo-Pacific.

Changi Naval Base:

• One of Singapore’s largest naval bases, serving as a strategic hub for international naval cooperation.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

9. What is the primary objective of UNICEF’s National Roadmap for Child Road Safety?
A) Promote the use of seat belts for all passengers
B) Reduce child road fatalities through awareness, regulations, and infrastructure development
C) Increase penalties for traffic violations by minors
D) Encourage children to use public transport instead of personal vehicles
E) Develop new vehicle safety standards for child passengers
Answer: B) Reduce child road fatalities through awareness, regulations, and infrastructure development

Event and Location:

• Event: UNICEF launched a National Roadmap for Child Road Safety to reduce road traffic fatalities among children.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: Global (with a specific focus on South Asia and India)

Key Focus Areas of UNICEF’s Roadmap:

• Raising Awareness: Highlighting the impact of road injuries on children and promoting urgent action.
• Preventability of Accidents: Emphasizing evidence-based interventions to protect children.
• Implementation Strategy: Providing clear guidelines for planning, execution, and monitoring child road safety programs.

Actions Recommended for Safer Roads:

• Speed Limits: Traffic speeds should be below 30 km/h in school zones and residential areas.
• Infrastructure Development: Creation of dedicated pedestrian pathways and bicycle lanes.
• Education and Training: Integration of road safety education into school curriculums and practical training.

India’s Response to Child Road Safety:

• National Road Safety Mission for Kids and Youth: Aims to educate over 2 million students on road safety.
• National Road Safety Olympiad: Conducted during school vacations to raise awareness among children.

Important Terms Explained:

• UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund):
  • A global organization dedicated to child welfare, including health, education, and safety initiatives.
  • Works with governments to improve policies affecting children.
• Road Safety Education:
  • Teaching children about traffic rules, pedestrian safety, and responsible behavior on roads.
  • Helps reduce accidents and fatalities by increasing awareness.
• Speed Regulation:
  • Setting lower speed limits in child-dense areas to reduce accident severity.
  • Recommended limit: 30 km/h in school and residential zones.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Why was India included in the UN Honour Roll for 2024?
A) For contributing the highest amount to the UN budget
B) For paying its assessed contribution in full and on time
C) For increasing its peacekeeping force contributions
D) For leading UN climate action initiatives
E) For securing a temporary seat on the UN Security Council
Answer: B) For paying its assessed contribution in full and on time

Event and Location:

• Event: India secured a place on the UN Honour Roll by paying USD 32.895 million to the UN Regular Budget on January 31, 2024.
• Date: January 31, 2024
• Location: United Nations Headquarters, New York, USA

Key Highlights of India’s Inclusion in the UN Honour Roll:

• The UN Honour Roll recognizes nations that pay their assessed contributions in full within 30 days of receiving the payment notice.
• India contributed USD 32.895 million to the UN’s Regular Budget for 2024.
• Only 36 nations met the UN Honour Roll criteria, including India.
• India had also secured a place on the 2023 Honour Roll by paying USD 30.54 million on time.

Purpose of the UN Regular Budget:

• Funds peacekeeping operations in conflict zones.
• Supports humanitarian aid for crisis-affected regions.
• Aids sustainable development programs focused on poverty reduction and global health.

India’s Role in the United Nations:

• Active contributor to peacekeeping missions with one of the largest troop deployments.
• Advocates for climate action and sustainable development.
• Pushing for permanent membership in the UN Security Council (UNSC).

Important Terms Explained:

• UN Honour Roll:
  • A list of nations that pay their UN budget contributions in full and within the deadline.
  • Ensures smooth functioning of the UN’s global operations.
• United Nations Regular Budget:
  • The core funding mechanism for UN programs and initiatives.
  • Covers peacekeeping, development, and humanitarian assistance.
• UN Security Council (UNSC) Reforms:
  • India has been advocating for a permanent seat in the UNSC, citing its contributions to global peace and security.

Tabular Summary:

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11. What is the main objective of the Lord Buddha Trination Triservices Expedition?
A) To strengthen military ties between India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka
B) To promote peace, harmony, tourism, and environmental awareness through Buddhist heritage
C) To train soldiers in long-distance motorcycle expeditions
D) To establish a new Buddhist learning center in South Asia
E) To conduct research on Buddhist monasteries along the route
Answer: B) To promote peace, harmony, tourism, and environmental awareness through Buddhist heritage

Event and Location:

• Event: The International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) announced the Lord Buddha Trination Triservices Expedition, bringing together the armed forces of India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka for a motorcycle journey across key Buddhist heritage sites.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: India, Nepal, Sri Lanka

Key Features of the Expedition:

• Organized by: International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) with support from the armed forces of India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.
• Expedition Route: Starts from Lumbini, Nepal, and concludes in Galle, Sri Lanka, covering major Buddhist heritage sites.
• Objectives:
  • Promoting peace, harmony, and cultural ties among the three nations.
  • Boosting tourism in Buddhist pilgrimage sites.
  • Raising environmental awareness through responsible travel.

Key Buddhist Landmarks Covered in India:

• Sarnath (Uttar Pradesh): Place of Buddha’s first sermon.
• Bodhgaya (Bihar): Site of Buddha’s enlightenment.
• Nalanda (Bihar): Ancient Buddhist learning center.
• Nagarjuna Sagar (Andhra Pradesh): A significant Buddhist archaeological site.
• Udayagiri (Odisha): A historic Buddhist monastery.

Important Flag-Off Events:

• India Flag-Off: Bodhgaya, Bihar on February 19, 2025, by former President Shri Ram Nath Kovind.
• Sri Lanka Flag-Off: Jaffna, Sri Lanka on March 5, 2025, by Sri Lankan PM Harini Amarasuriya.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Buddhist Confederation (IBC):
  • A global Buddhist organization working to preserve and promote Buddhist heritage and teachings.
  • Collaborates with governments and religious institutions for cultural and peace initiatives.
• Lumbini, Nepal:
  • Birthplace of Lord Buddha, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
    Bodhgaya, Bihar:
  • Site where Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs February 08 & 09

12. What is the primary objective of Odisha’s ‘Bikashita Gaon Bikashita Odisha’ scheme?
A) Urban infrastructure development in Odisha
B) Strengthening industries and manufacturing sectors
C) Accelerating rural infrastructure development across Odisha
D) Promoting large-scale industrial investments in villages
E) Establishing new smart cities in Odisha
Answer: C) Accelerating rural infrastructure development across Odisha

Event and Location:

• Event: Odisha CM Mohan Charan Majhi launched the ‘Bikashita Gaon Bikashita Odisha’ (BGBO) scheme to enhance rural development.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: Jankia, Khordha district, Odisha

Key Features of ‘Bikashita Gaon Bikashita Odisha’ Scheme:

• Infrastructure Development: Improving road connectivity, civic amenities, and educational facilities.
• Micro Tourism Promotion: Encouraging local tourism for rural economic growth.
• Financial Allocation: ₹5,000 crore allocated over five years, with ₹1,000 crore for 2024-25.
• Holistic Growth Approach: Ensuring village development is independent of political influence.

Comparison with Past Schemes:

• Ama Gaon Ama Bikash (2018): Faced audit issues and lack of local involvement.
• Ama Odisha Naveen Odisha (2023): Suffered funding shortages and implementation flaws.
• BGBO Scheme: Aims for structured execution with dedicated long-term funding.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bikashita Gaon Bikashita Odisha (BGBO) Scheme:
  • A rural development scheme launched by Odisha government in 2025.
  • Focuses on infrastructure, education, and micro-tourism with a ₹5,000 crore budget.

Micro Tourism:

• Encouraging small-scale tourism projects in villages to boost local economy and employment.
• Includes heritage conservation, homestays, and eco-tourism initiatives.

CAG Audit Issues (Past Schemes):

• Ama Gaon Ama Bikash faced scrutiny over mismanagement and lack of local participation.
• BGBO aims to address these concerns with better financial oversight.

Tabular Summary:

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13. What is the main purpose of the AI-enabled National Consumer Helpline (NCH) upgrade?
A) To introduce a new toll-free number for consumer complaints
B) To provide sector-wise analysis and faster grievance redressal
C) To expand the reach of consumer rights awareness campaigns
D) To allow only digital complaints and discontinue phone support
E) To impose penalties on companies with high consumer complaints
Answer: B) To provide sector-wise analysis and faster grievance redressal

Event and Location:

• Event: The Department of Consumer Affairs upgraded the National Consumer Helpline (NCH) with AI technology to improve grievance redressal efficiency.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: India

Key Features of AI-Enabled National Consumer Helpline (NCH 2.0):

• AI-Driven Analysis: Categorizes consumer complaints sector-wise for improved resolution speed.
• Higher Call Volume: Calls received increased from 12,553 (2015) to 1,55,138 (2024).
• More Complaint Registrations: Monthly complaints rose from 37,062 (2017) to 1,12,468 (2024).
• Faster Resolution: Grievance resolution time reduced from 66.26 days (2023) to 48 days (2024).
• Consumer Access: Complaints can be registered via Toll-free number (1915) or NCH Web Portal.

Convergence Partner Initiative:

• Companies with the highest grievances are onboarded as convergence partners to ensure faster dispute resolution.
• The number of convergence partners increased from 263 (2017) to 1,038 (2024).
• Key benefiting sectors: Education, E-commerce, Banking, Broadband, Real Estate, Petroleum.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Consumer Helpline (NCH):
  • A government-operated grievance redressal mechanism under the Department of Consumer Affairs.
  • Provides consumers a platform to file complaints against businesses and service providers.
• Convergence Partners:
  • Businesses and service providers integrated into NCH for direct consumer grievance handling.
  • Helps reduce dispute resolution time and enhances accountability.
• Sector-Wise Analysis:
  • AI enables complaints to be categorized into sectors like E-commerce, Telecom, Banking, etc.
  • Ensures targeted action and better monitoring.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Where is North India’s first Green Hydrogen Plant being set up?
A) Shimla
B) Manali
C) Dabhota, Nalagarh
D) Ludhiana
E) Dehradun
Answer: C) Dabhota, Nalagarh

Event and Location:

• Event: Himachal Pradesh initiated North India’s first Green Hydrogen Plant at Dabhota, Nalagarh to promote clean energy.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: Dabhota, Nalagarh, Himachal Pradesh

Key Features of the Green Hydrogen Plant:

• Capacity: 1 MW plant producing 423 kg of green hydrogen per day.
• Technology Used: Electrolysis with an alkaline potassium hydroxide solution.
• Energy Source: Powered by hydropower and solar energy.
• Water Requirement: 13 liters per kg of hydrogen, sourced from underground reserves.

Project Implementation & Cost:

• Developed by: Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL) & Oil India Limited.
• Project Cost: ₹9.04 crore.
• Expected Completion: Within one year.

Himachal’s Green Energy Vision:

• The project aligns with Himachal Pradesh’s goal of becoming India’s first green state by March 31, 2026.
• Himachal has a hydropower potential of 27,000 MW and is adding 150 MW of solar capacity.
• The project is part of an April 26, 2023 MoU between the state and Oil India Limited for green hydrogen, solar energy, geothermal energy, and compressed biogas.

Environmental Benefits:

• Zero carbon emissions, reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
• Supports India’s green energy transition by promoting renewable hydrogen production.

Important Terms Explained:

• Green Hydrogen:
  • Hydrogen produced using renewable energy sources like solar, wind, or hydropower.
  • Emits zero carbon emissions, making it environmentally friendly.
• Electrolysis:
  • A process where electricity splits water molecules (H₂O) into hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂).
  • The plant will use alkaline potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte.
• Himachal Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (HPPCL):
  • A state-owned power company responsible for hydro and renewable energy projects.

Tabular Summary:

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15. What is the primary objective of the ‘Swavalambini’ initiative launched by MSDE and NITI Aayog?
A) To promote large-scale manufacturing industries in the Northeast
B) To provide women entrepreneurs in Northeast India with training, mentorship, and financial support
C) To establish new higher education institutions in Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram
D) To offer employment opportunities in government sectors for women in the Northeast
E) To provide tax exemptions exclusively for women-led start-ups
Answer: B) To provide women entrepreneurs in Northeast India with training, mentorship, and financial support

Event and Location:

• Event: The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) and NITI Aayog launched ‘Swavalambini’ to support women entrepreneurs in Assam, Meghalaya, and Mizoram.
• Date: February 7, 2025
• Location: Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram

Key Features of Swavalambini:

• Entrepreneurial Training:
  • Entrepreneurship Awareness Programme (EAP): 2-day session for 600 female students.
  • Women Entrepreneurship Development Programme (EDP): 40-hour training for 300 selected students covering business skills, market access, and financial support.
  • Mentorship Support: 6-month mentorship post-training to assist participants in launching businesses.
• Faculty Development:
  • Five-day Faculty Development Programme (FDP) to train educators in guiding women entrepreneurs.
  • Enhancing coaching and industry knowledge among faculty members in participating institutions.
• Recognition & Rewards:
  • ‘Award to Rewards’ Initiative to recognize successful women entrepreneurs and inspire others.

Government Support & Policy Linkage:

• Aligned with: Start-Up India, Stand-Up India, PM Mudra Yojana, Women Entrepreneurship Platform.
• Union Budget 2025 Support:
  • ₹10,000 crore fund for start-ups.
  • 100% tax exemption on start-up profits for 5 years.
• National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: Focuses on skill integration & industry collaboration.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE):
  • Central government ministry responsible for promoting skill development and entrepreneurship in India.
• NITI Aayog:
  • National Institution for Transforming India, acts as a policy think tank for economic and social development initiatives.
• Start-Up India:
  • A government initiative to promote entrepreneurship and innovation by providing funding, tax exemptions, and mentorship.

Tabular Summary:

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16. What milestone has India recently achieved in the solar energy sector?
A) Installed 200 GW of total renewable energy capacity
B) Achieved 100 GW of installed solar power capacity
C) Became the world’s largest solar panel exporter
D) Launched the world’s largest floating solar power plant
E) Signed an agreement to import solar panels from China
Answer: B) Achieved 100 GW of installed solar power capacity

Event and Location:

• Event: India has achieved 100 GW of installed solar power capacity, marking a significant milestone in its renewable energy journey.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: India

How Did India Achieve 100 GW Solar Capacity?

• India initially set a target of 100 GW of solar power by 2022, but delays occurred due to land acquisition issues, financing difficulties, and supply chain disruptions.
• As of June 2023, India had 70.10 GW installed, with 55.90 GW in various stages of implementation.
• In 2024, India added 15 GW of solar power capacity, marking a 282% increase in installations.
• Government policies, private sector investment, and large-scale solar projects contributed to this achievement.

Key Government Policies Driving Solar Growth:

• Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme: ₹24,000 crore allocated to develop 48 GW of solar equipment manufacturing capacity by 2026 to reduce import dependency.
• Solar Parks & Large-Scale Projects: Government-approved projects attracted foreign and domestic investment.
• Renewable Energy Auctions: Competitive bidding helped in cost reduction and efficiency improvements.
• Grid Integration & Storage Solutions: Strengthened grid infrastructure for better solar energy distribution.

India’s Future Renewable Energy Goals:

• India targets 500 GW of total renewable energy capacity by 2030, with solar playing a crucial role.
• 47.49 GW of additional solar capacity is under tendering, ensuring further growth.
• Innovation in battery storage and grid modernization will be essential for meeting future goals.

Important Terms Explained:

• Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme:
  • A government initiative providing financial incentives to promote domestic manufacturing.
  • ₹24,000 crore allocated to boost solar panel production and reduce import dependency.
• Renewable Energy Auctions:
  • A system where companies bid for solar energy projects, ensuring competitive pricing and efficiency.
• Grid Integration & Storage Solutions:
  • Improving electricity transmission networks to stabilize renewable energy supply.
  • Investments in battery storage help manage fluctuations in solar energy production.

Tabular Summary:

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17. What was the primary objective of the 75th-anniversary celebration of the National Sample Survey (NSS)?
A) To introduce a new statistical survey system in India
B) To commemorate NSS’s contributions to data-driven policymaking and statistical advancements
C) To announce a new economic policy based on survey results
D) To merge the National Statistical Office (NSO) with international data organizations
E) To launch a new AI-driven census system for real-time data collection
Answer: B) To commemorate NSS’s contributions to data-driven policymaking and statistical advancements

Event and Location:

• Event: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) celebrated the 75th anniversary of the National Sample Survey (NSS) at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
• Date: February 7, 2025
• Location: Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi

Key Objectives of the Event:

• Highlighting the role of NSS in evidence-based policymaking across employment, consumption, health, and education.
• Promoting innovation and technology adoption in statistical data collection.
• Honoring NSS and NSO officials for their contributions.
• Engaging policymakers, researchers, and international organizations in discussions on India’s statistical future.

Key Highlights of the Event:

• Inauguration by Rao Inderjit Singh, Minister of State (MoS) for Statistics & Programme Implementation.
• Keynote Address by Shri Amitabh Kant, India’s G20 Sherpa, emphasizing data-driven policymaking and technological advancements.
• Unveiling of Diamond Jubilee Publications:
  • Journey of NSS 75 Years for Household Surveys.
  • Journey of NSS 75 Years for Enterprise Surveys.
• Karmayogi Awards presented to outstanding NSO performers.
• Nukkad Natak (Street Play) showcased NSS’s fieldwork contributions.

Expert Panel Discussions:

1. Future Ready Indian Statistical System for Viksit Bharat @ 2047
   • Topics: Bridging data gaps, AI & Machine Learning in surveys, real-time data generation, public-private partnerships.
2. The Importance of Alternative Data Sources in Shaping Economic Policies
   • Topics: Use of alternative data, strengthening India’s statistical framework, integrating AI-driven analytics.

Participation & Impact:

• Over 1,200 attendees, including policymakers, researchers, NSS and NSO field officials, and international representatives.
• Discussions on leveraging AI, real-time data collection, and alternative data sources for future policymaking.
• Strengthening NSS’s role in guiding India towards Viksit Bharat 2047.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Sample Survey (NSS):
  • Established in 1950, it is India’s largest source of socio-economic data for policy formulation.
  • Conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO), MoSPI.
• Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI):
  • The nodal ministry for statistical data collection in India.
  • Oversees economic surveys, census activities, and data-driven governance.
• Karmayogi Awards:
  • Recognizes outstanding field officials of the NSO for their contributions to data collection and survey accuracy.
• Viksit Bharat @ 2047:
  • A government vision aiming for India’s economic and social transformation by 2047, the 100th year of independence.

Tabular Summary:

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18. What is the primary objective of Odisha’s initiatives under the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme?
A) Establish new schools for girls in rural areas
B) Provide financial aid for higher education to female students
C) Prevent child marriage and empower adolescent girls through education and skill training
D) Offer employment opportunities exclusively for women
E) Implement strict laws against gender discrimination in workplaces
Answer: C) Prevent child marriage and empower adolescent girls through education and skill training

Event and Location:

• Event: Odisha Government introduced district-specific initiatives under the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme to prevent child marriage and empower adolescent girls.
• Date: February 8, 2025
• Location: Odisha

Key BBBP Initiatives in Odisha:

1. “Nirbhaya Kadhi” & “Mo Gelha Jiya” – Ganjam District
   • Objective: Prevent child marriage, sex selection, and female foeticide.
   • Coverage: 1,83,933 adolescent girls across 3,309 villages.
   • Achievements:
     • Ganjam declared child marriage-free (2022).
     • 450,000 students pledged against child marriage.
     • ₹5,000 reward for reporting child marriages.
2. “Kalpana Avijan” – Dhenkanal District
   • Objective: Track adolescent girls (10-19 years) and prevent child marriages.
   • Coverage: 1,13,515 adolescent girls enrolled.
   • Achievements:
     • 343 child marriages prevented (2019-2024).
     • Community engagement strengthened through awareness programs.
3. “Swarna Kalika” – Keonjhar District
   • Objective: Raise awareness on child marriage’s negative impact.
   • Achievements:
     • 50% reduction in child marriages (by 2024).
     • 2,000 stakeholders engaged in awareness campaigns.
     • ADVIKA app introduced for tracking and intervention.
4. “Veerangana Yojana” – Deogarh District
   • Objective: Train adolescent girls in martial arts and self-defense.
   • Coverage: 500 girls trained in a 30-day camp.
   • Achievements:
     • 6,000 girls trained across 300 schools.
     • Recognized with the prestigious SKOCH Award.

Important Terms Explained:

• Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme:
  • Launched on January 22, 2015, to address gender imbalance and declining child sex ratio.
  • Focuses on girl child survival, education, and empowerment.
• ADVIKA App:
  • A mobile application designed for tracking adolescent girls and preventing child marriage.
• SKOCH Award:
  • One of India’s highest independent honors for governance and public service excellence.

Tabular Summary:

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19. What was the primary focus of the Viksit Bharat@2047 NITI Aayog Conclave?
A) Reviewing past economic policies of India
B) Discussing India’s strategy for becoming a developed nation by 2047
C) Announcing new defence procurement deals
D) Promoting tourism as the key driver of economic growth
E) Launching a new digital banking system for financial inclusion
Answer: B) Discussing India’s strategy for becoming a developed nation by 2047

Event and Location:

• Event: NITI Aayog hosted the Viksit Bharat@2047 conclave at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi, focusing on India’s long-term development goals.
• Date: February 6, 2025
• Location: Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi

Key Objectives of the Conclave:

• Defining strategies for India’s transformation into a developed nation by 2047.
• Strengthening economic growth, national security, and global partnerships.
• Enhancing supply chain resilience, digital infrastructure, and legal reforms.

Key Discussion Points:

1. Economic Growth & Global Competitiveness
   • Regulatory reforms, private sector investment, and global trade integration.
   • Infrastructure development, education, and skill enhancement for demographic advantage.
   • Sovereign credit ratings, energy security, and R&D investments.
2. Strategic Partnerships for Development
   • Balancing diplomatic ties with the Global South & Global North.
   • Trade liberalization, tariff reductions, and securing access to critical raw materials.
   • Technological collaborations and digital public infrastructure expansion.
3. Supply Chain Resilience & National Defence
   • Ensuring efficient defence procurement and cybersecurity for national security.
   • Comparing Just in Time (JIT) vs. Just in Case (JIC) models for supply chain management.
   • Enhancing logistics for both military and civilian operations.
4. Overall Impact:
   • Policy recommendations for India’s journey towards becoming a developed economy by 2047.
   • Strengthening national security frameworks and global trade participation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Viksit Bharat@2047:
  • India’s vision to become a fully developed nation by 2047, the 100th year of independence.
  • Focuses on economic, social, and infrastructural advancements.
• NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India):
  • India’s premier policy think tank, responsible for long-term planning and policy reforms.
  • Replaced the Planning Commission in 2015.
• Just in Time (JIT) vs. Just in Case (JIC) Models:
  • JIT Model: Supplies arrive only when needed, reducing storage costs but increasing risk.
  • JIC Model: Stock is maintained in advance, ensuring availability during emergencies.

Tabular Summary:

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20. What is the primary objective of DRDO’s restructuring of its Research Verticals?
A) Expanding DRDO’s workforce by recruiting more scientists
B) Increasing the number of defense manufacturing units in India
C) Streamlining research, reducing redundancy, and enhancing innovation in defense technologies
D) Replacing outdated military equipment with newly developed prototypes
E) Shifting focus from defense R&D to space exploration initiatives
Answer: C) Streamlining research, reducing redundancy, and enhancing innovation in defense technologies

Event and Location:

• Event: The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) expanded its Research Verticals from 65 to 82 across DIA-CoEs (Industry-Academia Centres of Excellence) to enhance defense R&D and innovation.
• Date: February 7, 2025
• Location: DRDO Headquarters, New Delhi

Key Features of DRDO’s Research Overhaul:

• Expansion from 65 to 82 Research Verticals to focus on future defense technologies.
• Objective:
  • Reduce redundancy and optimize resource utilization.
  • Enhance collaboration with academia and industry for faster innovation.
  • Strengthen India’s defense preparedness in advanced warfare technologies.

Key Research Areas Added:

Important Terms Explained:

• Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO):
  • India’s premier defense research agency under the Ministry of Defence.
  • Focuses on developing advanced weapon systems, aerospace technologies, and strategic defense solutions.
• DIA-CoEs (Defence Industry-Academia Centres of Excellence):
  • Collaboration between DRDO, IITs, and defense industries for joint research in critical defense technologies.
• Software Defined Radios (SDR):
  • Reprogrammable radio systems that adapt to different communication frequencies and security standards.
• Cryptography & Information Security:
  • Developing secure communication protocols to prevent cyber threats in defense networks.

Tabular Summary:

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21. What is the primary objective of the BIMSTEC Youth Summit 2025?
A) To discuss trade agreements between BIMSTEC nations
B) To promote regional youth collaboration and leadership development
C) To launch a new digital currency for BIMSTEC countries
D) To finalize a defense cooperation plan among member nations
E) To establish a new BIMSTEC headquarters in India
Answer: B) To promote regional youth collaboration and leadership development

Event and Location:

• Event: The BIMSTEC Youth Summit 2025 is being held in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, bringing together young leaders from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
• Date: 7th – 11th February 2025
• Location: Gandhinagar, Gujarat
• Organizer: Department of Youth Affairs, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports, Government of India

Key Objectives of the Summit:

• Foster youth collaboration and leadership development among BIMSTEC nations.
• Align youth-driven initiatives with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 2030.
• Encourage innovation, cultural exchange, and regional integration.
• Support India’s vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 through youth-led growth strategies.

Theme of the Summit:

• “Youth as a Bridge for Intra-BIMSTEC Exchange”

Key Sessions & Initiatives:

• “Viksit Bharat Young Leaders Dialogue X BIMSTEC” – Young leaders will present youth-driven initiatives from their countries.
• Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat) Discussion – A government program focusing on youth development, technology, and leadership opportunities.

Cultural & Technological Visits for Delegates:

• Dandi Kutir – India’s largest museum on Mahatma Gandhi and self-reliance.
• Sabarmati Ashram – Symbol of non-violence and nation-building.
• Sabarmati Riverfront – Example of sustainable urban planning.
• GIFT City (Gujarat International Finance Tec-City) – India’s first operational smart city and global financial hub.

Strategic Importance for BIMSTEC:

• Strengthens regional cooperation among South and Southeast Asian nations.
• Encourages youth participation in policymaking and innovation.
• Provides a foundation for future BIMSTEC youth summits and collaborations.

Important Terms Explained:

• BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation):
  • Founded on 6th June 1997 (Bangkok Declaration).
  • Member Countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand.
  • Focuses on economic, technological, and cultural cooperation.
• Viksit Bharat 2047:
  • India’s vision to become a developed nation by 2047, its 100th year of independence.
    Mera Yuva Bharat (MY Bharat):
  • Government initiative for youth development, promoting skill-building, leadership, and digital inclusion.

Tabular Summary:

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