Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

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December 27 & 28 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

1. When is the International Day of Epidemic Preparedness observed annually?
A) December 10
B) December 15
C) December 20
D) December 27
E) January 5
Answer: D) December 27

Event and Location:

• Event: Annual observance of the International Day of Epidemic Preparedness
• Location: Global
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: To observe and promote global awareness and action on epidemic preparedness through a dedicated international day.
• Objectives: To strengthen global health systems, foster international cooperation, and ensure proactive investments to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks.

Important Terms Explained:

• Epidemic: A sudden outbreak of a disease that affects a large population in a specific region or community.
• Pandemic: A widespread outbreak of a disease that spreads across multiple countries or continents, often affecting a large global population.
• World Health Organization (WHO): A specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health, playing a central role in epidemic response coordination.

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

2. Who has been elected Chair of the BWF Athletes Commission for the 2026–2029 term?
A) An Se-young
B) Greysia Polii
C) Debora Jille
D) PV Sindhu
E) Jia Yifan
Answer: D) PV Sindhu

Event and Location:

• Event: PV Sindhu elected Chair of BWF Athletes’ Commission for 2026–2029
• Location: Global (Badminton World Federation headquarters in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)
• Date: December 27, 2025 (Announcement Date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian badminton player PV Sindhu has been elected Chair of the BWF Athletes’ Commission for a three-year term (2026–2029), also becoming a member of the BWF Council.
• Objectives: To strengthen player representation in global badminton governance, advocate for athlete welfare, contribute to policy decisions, and uphold the values of integrity and fairness within the sport.

Important Terms Explained:

• BWF (Badminton World Federation): The international governing body for the sport of badminton, responsible for overseeing international tournaments, rankings, and global regulations.
• BWF Athletes’ Commission: A body composed of elected player representatives that advises the BWF Council on matters related to athlete rights, policies, and global player welfare.
• PV Sindhu: India’s most successful badminton player and two-time Olympic medallist, with a long-standing association with player representation and integrity programs under BWF.

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

3. Which type of forest covers the highest percentage of area in India?
A) Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests
B) Tropical Semi-Evergreen Forests
C) Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests
D) Tropical Deciduous Forests
E) Montane Forests
Answer: D) Tropical Deciduous Forests

Event and Location:

• Event: Identification of the forest type covering the largest area in India
• Location: Pan-India (Regions with 100–200 cm rainfall including MP, Odisha, Maharashtra, etc.)
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The article highlights that Tropical Deciduous Forests, also known as Monsoon Forests, cover the highest percentage of forest area in India.
• Objectives: To inform readers about the distribution, features, ecological importance, and biodiversity of Tropical Deciduous Forests and their contribution to India’s environment and economy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tropical Deciduous Forests: Also called Monsoon Forests, these are the most widespread forests in India, found in regions with moderate rainfall (100–200 cm/year), and characterized by trees that shed their leaves seasonally to conserve water.
• Flora: Common tree species include Teak, Sal, Shisham, Bamboo, Mahua, and Sandalwood, known for their commercial value in timber and medicine.
• Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests: Found in areas with very high rainfall (above 200 cm), these forests are dense and retain leaves throughout the year but cover less area compared to deciduous forests.

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

4. Which two airlines were recently granted NOCs by the Ministry of Civil Aviation to launch operations in India?
A) Star Air and Fly91
B) FlyExpress and Al Hind Air
C) Shankh Air and SpiceJet
D) Akasa Air and IndiaOne Air
E) IndiGo and FlyExpress
Answer: B) FlyExpress and Al Hind Air

Event and Location:

• Event: Granting of NOCs to two new airlines
• Location: India
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Civil Aviation issued No Objection Certificates (NOCs) to Al Hind Air and FlyExpress, enabling them to proceed towards commercial launch.
• Objectives: To introduce new players in India’s aviation market to improve competition, reduce market concentration, and expand regional air connectivity.

Important Terms Explained:

• No Objection Certificate (NOC): A regulatory approval issued by the Ministry of Civil Aviation indicating that a proposed airline meets preliminary requirements such as financial viability, ownership structure, and security clearance.
• Market Concentration: A condition in which a small number of firms dominate total market share; in Indian aviation, IndiGo and Air India Group currently hold over 90% of the domestic market.
• Regional Connectivity: A policy focus in India’s aviation aimed at enhancing air travel access to underserved or unserved regions, often supported by schemes like UDAN.

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5. What is the target number of citizens to be covered under India’s social security network by March 2026, as announced in the EPFO modernization reforms?
A) 50 crore
B) 75 crore
C) 90 crore
D) 100 crore
E) 125 crore
Answer: D) 100 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of comprehensive EPFO modernization reforms
• Location: Vatva, Gujarat
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India announced major reforms to revamp EPFO services, including digital transformation, KYC drives, and wider accessibility through EPF Suvidha Providers.
• Objectives: To modernize EPFO operations, facilitate ease of access for workers, resolve inoperative accounts, and expand India’s social security coverage to 100 crore citizens by March 2026.

Important Terms Explained:

• EPFO (Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation): A statutory body under the Ministry of Labour & Employment, responsible for managing provident fund, pension, and insurance schemes for employees.
• EPF Suvidha Providers: Authorized facilitators introduced to assist members, especially digitally unskilled users, in accessing EPFO services and filing claims.
• Mission-mode KYC Drive: A special, intensive campaign to verify Know Your Customer (KYC) details of EPF accounts, particularly to unlock funds in dormant or inoperative accounts.

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6. What is the code of the first Indian Standard for agarbattis notified by BIS in 2025?
A) IS 9100:2025
B) IS 19412:2025
C) IS 18115:2025
D) IS 20021:2025
E) IS 16602:2025
Answer: B) IS 19412:2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Notification of India’s first-ever agarbatti standard
• Location: India (Nationwide implementation)
• Date: December 24, 2025 (National Consumer Day)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) notified IS 19412:2025, India’s first standard for agarbattis (incense sticks), establishing quality, safety, and environmental criteria.
• Objectives: To protect consumer health, prevent the use of toxic chemicals in agarbattis, promote eco-friendly manufacturing, and ensure uniform quality across India’s incense stick industry.

Important Terms Explained:

• IS 19412:2025: The first-ever Indian Standard for agarbattis, covering raw material quality, combustion behavior, fragrance performance, and chemical safety.
• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS): India’s national standard-setting body under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, responsible for developing and enforcing standards for products and services.
• National Consumer Day: Observed annually on December 24 to promote consumer rights and mark the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

7. Who has been appointed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Coal India Limited effective December 15, 2025?
A) Anil Kumar Jain
B) Pramod Agrawal
C) B. Sairam
D) Rajesh Sinha
E) Deepak Mohanty
Answer: C) B. Sairam

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of B. Sairam as CEO of Coal India Limited
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: December 15, 2025 (Effective from)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Coal India Limited’s Board approved the appointment of B. Sairam as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in addition to his role as Chairman-cum-Managing Director (CMD).
• Objectives: To strengthen strategic leadership at the top level, improve operational efficiency, and meet rising production targets critical for India’s energy security.

Important Terms Explained:

• CMD (Chairman-cum-Managing Director): The highest-ranking executive role in a public sector company, combining strategic oversight and operational leadership.
• CEO (Chief Executive Officer): The executive head responsible for managing overall corporate operations and executing board-approved strategies.
• First Mile Connectivity (FMC): Infrastructure projects designed to streamline coal transport from mines to dispatch points, reducing delays and improving logistics.

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8. Which of the following is not among the newly appointed Additional Solicitors General (ASGs) for the Supreme Court as of December 2025?
A) Davinder Pal Singh
B) Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar
C) Anil Kaushik
D) Tushar Mehta
E) All of the above are ASGs
Answer: D) Tushar Mehta

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of three new Additional Solicitors General (ASGs) for the Supreme Court
• Location: Supreme Court of India, New Delhi
• Date: December 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Central Government formally appointed three senior advocates as Additional Solicitors General of India (ASGIs) to represent the Union in legal proceedings before the Supreme Court.
• Objectives: To strengthen the legal team representing the government at the apex court, improve case management, and ensure strong constitutional and legal representation in high-stakes litigations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Additional Solicitor General (ASG): A top-level law officer under the Law Officers (Conditions of Service) Rules, who assists the Solicitor General and Attorney General in representing the Union government in important matters, mainly before the Supreme Court.
• Attorney General of India: The highest law officer in the country under Article 76 of the Constitution, who advises the Union Government on legal matters.
• Solicitor General of India: The second-highest law officer who assists the Attorney General and supervises the work of ASGs.

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9. Who has been appointed as the first woman Chief Secretary of Odisha, effective from January 1, 2026?
A) Gitanjali Sarangi
B) Anu Garg
C) Aruna Sundararajan
D) Usha Sharma
E) Smita Sabharwal
Answer: B) Anu Garg

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Odisha’s first woman Chief Secretary
• Location: Odisha, India
• Date: Effective from January 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Senior IAS officer Anu Garg has been appointed as the Chief Secretary of Odisha, becoming the first woman to hold this post in the state.
• Objectives: To strengthen administrative leadership, ensure effective governance, promote gender representation in top bureaucracy, and improve policy implementation through experienced leadership.

Important Terms Explained:

• Chief Secretary: The top-most executive officer and senior-most civil servant in a state, who coordinates inter-departmental activities and advises the Chief Minister.
• IAS (Indian Administrative Service): The premier civil service of India responsible for administration and policy implementation at state and central levels.
• Swabhiman Anchal: A Maoist-affected region in Odisha known for its remote terrain and historical governance challenges; visited by Anu Garg in 2023 as part of her field outreach.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

10. For which category did 14-year-old cricketer Vaibhav Suryavanshi receive the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2025?
A) Bravery
B) Science and Technology
C) Sports
D) Art and Culture
E) Social Service
Answer: C) Sports

Event and Location:

• Event: Awarding of Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2025 to Vaibhav Suryavanshi
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: President Droupadi Murmu presented the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar 2025 to Vaibhav Suryavanshi for his outstanding cricketing achievements at the national and international youth levels.
• Objectives: To recognize and encourage extraordinary talent among Indian children, especially in the field of sports, and promote youth excellence and national pride.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Puraskar: India’s highest civilian honour for children aged 5 to 18 years, awarded in six categories: Bravery, Social Service, Environment, Sports, Art and Culture, and Science and Technology.
• List A Cricket: A classification of limited-overs (usually 50-overs) matches that are not full ODIs but hold official recognition, often including domestic one-day competitions.
• IPL (Indian Premier League): India’s premier professional T20 cricket league that features both domestic and international players, governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

11. What is the name of the supercomputer inaugurated at IIT Patna under the National Supercomputing Mission?
A) Param Shakti
B) Param Rudra
C) Param Sanganak
D) Param Ganga
E) Param Pravega
Answer: B) Param Rudra

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Param Rudra supercomputer at IIT Patna
• Location: IIT Patna, Bihar
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) and IIT Patna inaugurated Param Rudra, Bihar’s first supercomputer, under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).
• Objectives: To empower students, faculty, and researchers with high-performance computing capabilities for solving complex scientific, technological, and data-driven challenges, and to promote self-reliance in supercomputing infrastructure.

Important Terms Explained:

• Param Rudra: Bihar’s first supercomputer, installed at IIT Patna, designed to support advanced research in multiple scientific domains with indigenous supercomputing infrastructure.
• National Supercomputing Mission (NSM): A collaborative initiative by MeitY and the Department of Science and Technology (DST) to deploy supercomputers across India using indigenous technologies in hardware and software.
• High-Performance Computing (HPC): The use of supercomputers and parallel processing techniques for solving advanced computation problems in areas like AI, Quantum Computing, and Molecular Simulation.

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12. Which Indian startup, backed by Zoho, developed the country’s first indigenous MRI scanner?
A) Tricog Health
B) MedGenome
C) VoxelGrids
D) HealthifyMe
E) Aindra Systems
Answer: C) VoxelGrids

Event and Location:

• Event: Development of India’s first Made-in-India MRI scanner
• Location: Deployed at Chandrapur Cancer Care Foundation near Nagpur, Maharashtra
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian medtech startup VoxelGrids, supported by Zoho, successfully developed a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner completely indigenously.
• Objectives: To reduce dependence on foreign diagnostic equipment, lower the cost of MRI technology, promote healthcare access in rural areas, and boost India’s Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): A non-invasive diagnostic imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues; widely used in cancer, neurology, and musculoskeletal diagnostics.
• VoxelGrids: An Indian medical technology startup focusing on indigenous medical imaging devices. Founded by Arjun Arunachalam, it aims to make India self-reliant in advanced healthcare equipment.
• Make in India: A flagship initiative launched by the Government of India in 2014 to boost domestic manufacturing and reduce reliance on imports, especially in critical sectors like healthcare and technology.

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

13. What is the name of India’s first national weapon database launched to track stolen and recovered government firearms?
A) National Arms Registry
B) Bharat Weapon Tracker
C) Lost, Looted and Recovered Firearm Database
D) Secure Arms Monitoring System
E) Armed Forces Inventory Grid
Answer: C) Lost, Looted and Recovered Firearm Database

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of India’s first national weapon database to trace lost and stolen firearms
• Location: India (Nationwide Application)
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Government launched the Lost, Looted and Recovered Firearm (LLRF) Database, developed by the NIA, to track unaccounted government-owned weapons across India.
• Objectives: To prevent misuse of lost or stolen government firearms by terrorists, Naxalites, and organized crime groups, while enhancing inter-agency coordination, internal security, and investigation capabilities.

Important Terms Explained:

• Lost, Looted and Recovered Firearm (LLRF) Database: A central digital repository hosted by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) to record and track firearms belonging to police and paramilitary forces that are lost, looted, stolen, or recovered.
• NIA (National Investigation Agency): India’s primary anti-terrorism law enforcement agency, established in 2009, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, with the mandate to investigate terror-related crimes.
• CAPFs (Central Armed Police Forces): Armed forces under MHA including CRPF, BSF, ITBP, CISF, and SSB, often involved in internal security, border protection, and counterinsurgency.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

14. What is the name of the world’s longest expressway tunnel, recently inaugurated in China’s Xinjiang region?
A) Zhongnanshan Tunnel
B) Tianshan Shengli Tunnel
C) Yulong Snow Mountain Tunnel
D) Kunlun Mountain Tunnel
E) Altai Victory Tunnel
Answer: B) Tianshan Shengli Tunnel

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the world’s longest expressway tunnel – Tianshan Shengli Tunnel
• Location: Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: China officially opened the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, a 22.13 km expressway tunnel part of the G0711 Urumqi–Yuli Expressway, reducing travel time across the Tianshan Mountains.
• Objectives: To enhance regional connectivity, improve transportation of goods and people, lower logistics costs, and support tourism, trade, and supply chain security across Xinjiang and greater China.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tianshan Shengli Tunnel: At 22.13 km, this is the world’s longest expressway tunnel, crossing the Tianshan Mountains and designed to withstand geological and climatic challenges.
• G0711 Urumqi-Yuli Expressway: A 324.7 km long expressway project in Xinjiang that includes the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel; it integrates northern and southern Xinjiang with China’s broader expressway network.
• Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM): A mechanized tunneling method used to construct underground tunnels. This project used China’s indigenously developed hard rock TBM to handle extreme geological conditions.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 27 & 28

15. By which year does Indian Railways plan to double the originating train capacity in 48 major cities?
A) 2026
B) 2028
C) 2029
D) 2030
E) 2032
Answer: D) 2030

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian Railways plan to double originating train capacity in 48 cities
• Location: India (across 48 major cities)
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian Railways announced a national plan to double the number of trains originating from 48 key urban centres by 2030 through infrastructure expansion and upgrades.
• Objectives: To reduce congestion, improve punctuality, meet rising passenger demand, and enhance service reliability and comfort through long-term infrastructure development.

Important Terms Explained:

• Originating Train Capacity: Refers to the number of trains that begin their journey from a station or terminal. Increasing this capacity enables smoother scheduling and greater network efficiency.
• Stabling Lines and Pit Lines: Stabling lines are tracks used for parking trains, while pit lines are equipped with maintenance facilities allowing under-gear inspections and cleaning.
• Terminal Expansion: Involves construction of new platforms, development of new terminal stations, and enhancement of existing facilities to handle higher passenger and train volumes.

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16. In which Indian town is the world’s largest open-air theatre festival, Dhanu Yatra, held annually?
A) Puri
B) Bargarh
C) Bhubaneswar
D) Cuttack
E) Rourkela
Answer: B) Bargarh

Event and Location:

• Event: Commencement of Dhanu Yatra – world’s largest open-air theatre festival
• Location: Bargarh, Odisha
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Dhanu Yatra 2025 has begun in Bargarh, transforming the entire town into the mythological city of Mathura for an immersive cultural reenactment.
• Objectives: To preserve and promote the cultural heritage of Lord Krishna’s mythology, foster local participation in folk theatre, and boost tourism and economic activity through community-led storytelling.

Important Terms Explained:

• Dhanu Yatra: The world’s largest open-air theatre festival held annually in Bargarh, Odisha. It is a mythological reenactment of Lord Krishna’s life, from birth to the slaying of his uncle King Kansa.
• Mythological Mathura: During Dhanu Yatra, the real town of Bargarh symbolically becomes Mathura, turning its public spaces into interactive stages for dramatizing mythological episodes.
• National Festival Status: A recognition given by the Government of India to Dhanu Yatra, signifying its national cultural importance and making it eligible for central support and promotion.

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17. Which two databases have been integrated to strengthen India’s intelligence and criminal investigation capabilities?
A) UIDAI and PAN Database
B) NATGRID and Passport Seva
C) NPR and CCTNS
D) NATGRID and NPR
E) UIDAI and Income Tax Database
Answer: D) NATGRID and NPR

Event and Location:

• Event: Integration of NATGRID with the National Population Register (NPR)
• Location: India (Nationwide Application)
• Date: December 27, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India has integrated the National Intelligence Grid (NATGRID) with the National Population Register (NPR) to provide real-time demographic and family-based data access to authorised investigative agencies.
• Objectives: To strengthen counter-terrorism operations, speed up criminal investigations, enable faster network analysis, and provide verified identity trails through seamless interlinking of civil and intelligence databases.

Important Terms Explained:

• NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid): A secure intelligence-sharing platform under the Ministry of Home Affairs, developed after the 2008 Mumbai attacks to centralise real-time access to over 20 civil and commercial databases for authorised agencies.
• NPR (National Population Register): A family-wise demographic database of India’s usual residents, maintained under the Citizenship Act, used as a base for the proposed National Register of Citizens (NRC).
• Gandiva Analytical Backbone: The analytics engine of NATGRID that enables entity resolution, facial recognition, and multi-database fusion for suspect tracking and pattern analysis using data like Telecom KYC, driving licence, and vehicle registration.

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18. Where did Sudarsan Pattnaik create the world’s largest apple-and-sand Santa Claus sculpture in December 2025?
A) Marina Beach, Tamil Nadu
B) Chowpatty Beach, Mumbai
C) Kovalam Beach, Kerala
D) Niladri Beach, Odisha
E) Radhanagar Beach, Andaman
Answer: D) Niladri Beach, Odisha

Event and Location:

• Event: Creation of the world’s largest apple-and-sand Santa Claus sculpture
• Location: Niladri Beach, Puri, Odisha
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Padma Shri awardee Sudarsan Pattnaik crafted the world’s biggest Santa Claus sculpture using sand and apples at Niladri Beach, which was officially recognised by the World Records Book of India.
• Objectives: To promote peace, celebrate Christmas through public art, boost tourism, and showcase India’s innovative and eco-friendly artistic talent.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sudarsan Pattnaik: Renowned Indian sand artist, internationally recognized for creating environmental, social, and cultural art installations using beach sand; recipient of the Padma Shri award.
• World Records Book of India: An Indian record-certifying body that recognises extraordinary achievements across various fields and art forms.
• Niladri Beach: A popular beach in Puri, Odisha, known for hosting major sand art exhibitions and attracting thousands of tourists.

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Over All Review

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