Daily Current Affairs December 26

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December 26 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs December 26

1. What is the primary reason for observing Veer Bal Diwas on December 26?
A) Birth of Guru Gobind Singh Ji
B) Battle of Chamkaur victory
C) Martyrdom of elder Sahibzadas
D) Martyrdom of younger Sahibzadas
E) Formation of Khalsa Panth
Answer: D) Martyrdom of younger Sahibzadas

Event and Location:

• Event: Observation of Veer Bal Diwas 2025 to honor the martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s younger sons
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Observance of Veer Bal Diwas across India through seminars, cultural events, and educational programmes
• Objectives: To commemorate the courage and sacrifice of Sahibzada Zorawar Singh and Sahibzada Fateh Singh and to instil values of righteousness, bravery, and faith among youth

Important Terms Explained:

• Veer Bal Diwas: A national day observed every 26th December to honor the martyrdom of Guru Gobind Singh Ji’s younger sons who refused to abandon their faith under Mughal persecution
• Sahibzadas: The four sons of Guru Gobind Singh Ji—Ajit Singh, Jujhar Singh, Zorawar Singh, and Fateh Singh—all of whom attained martyrdom
• Khalsa Panth: A warrior community founded by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1699, representing the Sikh ideals of equality, justice, and sacrifice

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs December 26

2. Who was named the MVP of the Global Chess League 2025 finals?
A) R Praggnanandhaa
B) Wei Yi
C) Vidit Gujrathi
D) Anish Giri
E) Alireza Firouzja
Answer: D) Anish Giri

Event and Location:

• Event: Alpine SG Pipers win Global Chess League 2025 Title
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra (India)
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Hosting of the third season of the Global Chess League with international participation
• Objectives: Promote chess as a global spectator sport, develop team-based competitive formats, and boost India’s role in global chess events

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Chess League (GCL): A franchise-based international chess tournament featuring elite grandmasters and young talents in rapid team format
• Most Valuable Player (MVP): An award given to the standout performer in the finals, based on individual contribution and game impact
• Rapid Format: A quicker version of chess where each player is given limited time to make all their moves, increasing the pace and excitement of the game

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs December 26

3. Who was the Speaker of the Tripura Assembly whose passing was recently condoled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
A) Jishnu Dev Varma
B) Ratan Lal Nath
C) Biswa Bandhu Sen
D) Manik Saha
E) Pratima Bhoumik
Answer: C) Biswa Bandhu Sen

Event and Location:

• Event: Passing of Shri Biswa Bandhu Sen, Speaker of Tripura Assembly
• Location: Tripura, India
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed condolences on the passing of Biswa Bandhu Sen Ji
• Objectives: To acknowledge his contributions to Tripura’s progress and various social causes

Important Terms Explained:

• Speaker of Tripura Assembly: The presiding officer of the Tripura Legislative Assembly, responsible for conducting assembly proceedings and upholding democratic protocols
• Condolence Message: A formal expression of sympathy from a national leader to honor public service and legacy
• Social Causes: Initiatives aimed at improving the well-being of society, especially in underserved or rural areas

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs December 26

4. Which airport was ranked as the 7th busiest in the world by seat capacity in December 2025?
A) Tokyo Haneda Airport
B) Indira Gandhi International Airport
C) London Heathrow Airport
D) Istanbul Airport
E) Chicago O’Hare International Airport
Answer: B) Indira Gandhi International Airport

Event and Location:

• Event: Global ranking of world’s busiest airports by seat capacity – December 2025
• Location: Global (India-specific highlight: New Delhi IGI Airport)
• Date: December 26, 2025 (report published)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Ranking of airports based on total seat capacity (domestic + international) for December 2025, by Official Airline Guide (OAG)
• Objectives: To measure airport traffic volume, analyze global aviation trends, and highlight air connectivity growth across regions

Top 10 Busiest Airports – December 2025 (by Seat Capacity):

Important Terms Explained:

• Seat Capacity: The total number of available airline seats departing from an airport, used as a metric for traffic and infrastructure load.
• OAG (Official Airline Guide): A globally recognized provider of digital flight information and airport analytics, often used for industry benchmarking.
• Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI): India’s busiest airport, located in New Delhi, serving as a major hub for both domestic and international flights.

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5. Which Indian city ranked 5th in TasteAtlas’s list of the World’s Best Food Cities for 2025–26?
A) Delhi
B) Amritsar
C) Mumbai
D) Hyderabad
E) Kolkata
Answer: C) Mumbai

Event and Location:

• Event: Mumbai ranks 5th in the World’s Best Food Cities 2025–26
• Location: Global (TasteAtlas Ranking)
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: TasteAtlas released the World Food Awards 2025–26, ranking the top food cities globally based on local dish ratings, authenticity, and cultural significance.
• Objectives: To promote culinary tourism, cultural heritage, and food-based travel by identifying cities with the best traditional and authentic food experiences.

Important Terms Explained:

• TasteAtlas: A global food and travel guide that ranks cuisines and food cities based on user ratings, traditional recipes, and cultural importance.
• Culinary Tourism: A form of travel focused on exploring and experiencing the food heritage of a particular destination.
• World Food Awards: An annual ranking by TasteAtlas that lists the top food cities and cuisines based on dish ratings, authenticity, and cultural representation.

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6. Who topped Forbes’ 2025 list of the world’s biggest billionaire wealth gainers?
A) Larry Page
B) Mark Zuckerberg
C) Elon Musk
D) Amancio Ortega
E) Jensen Huang
Answer: C) Elon Musk

Event and Location:

• Event: Forbes released list of Top 10 billionaires who gained the most wealth in 2025
• Location: Global
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Forbes published a ranking of the top 10 individuals with the highest wealth increase in 2025 based on their net worth changes.
• Objectives: To highlight global wealth trends, identify key industry growth drivers, and reflect economic shifts through billionaire wealth tracking.

Top 10 Billionaires Who Gained the Most Wealth in 2025 – Forbes Global Ranking:

Important Terms Explained:

• Forbes: A leading American business magazine known for tracking global wealth, including billionaire rankings and financial lists.
• Net Worth: The total value of a person’s assets minus liabilities; commonly used to assess the financial standing of individuals.
• AI Boom: A major factor in 2025 wealth growth, driven by increased investment, application, and adoption of artificial intelligence across industries.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs December 26

7. When will India assume the Chairpersonship of the Kimberley Process?
A) 25 December 2025
B) 1 January 2026
C) 26 January 2026
D) 1 March 2026
E) 1 January 2025
Answer: B) 1 January 2026

Event and Location:

• Event: India to assume Chairpersonship of the Kimberley Process
• Location: Global (International diamond trade network)
• Date: January 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India to serve as Chair of the Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) for the year 2026
• Objectives: To curb the trade in conflict diamonds, enhance ethical sourcing practices, promote traceability, and strengthen global governance of the rough diamond industry

Important Terms Explained:

• Kimberley Process (KP): A global initiative to prevent trade in conflict (blood) diamonds, involving governments, diamond industry, and civil society
• Conflict Diamonds: Rough diamonds used by rebel groups to fund violence and wars against legitimate governments
• Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS): A UN-backed certification framework, operational since 2003, that ensures all rough diamond trade is conflict-free and tamper-proof

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 26

8. Which endemic species is featured in the official logo of COP17 to be hosted by Armenia in 2026?
A) Erivan Forest Lizard
B) Inirida Flower
C) Erivan Anomalous Blue
D) Armenian Mountain Eagle
E) Yerevan Grasshopper
Answer: C) Erivan Anomalous Blue

Event and Location:

• Event: Armenia unveils butterfly-themed logo for COP17
• Location: Yerevan, Armenia (Host Country of COP17)
• Date: December 26, 2025 (Logo announcement date); COP17 to be held in October 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Unveiling of COP17 logo featuring the Erivan Anomalous Blue butterfly
• Objectives: Reflect Armenia’s biodiversity, raise ecological awareness, and symbolize action under the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework

Important Terms Explained:

• COP17 (Conference of the Parties 17): A major global summit under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) focusing on biodiversity conservation and implementation of global targets
• Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: A strategic global biodiversity plan adopted in 2022, containing 23 goals for 2030 related to conservation, restoration, and sustainable use of biodiversity
• Erivan Anomalous Blue (Polyommatus eriwanensis): A rare, endemic butterfly found only in the Yerevan region of Armenia; used as a local symbol of ecosystem fragility

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs December 26

9. Which year marks the 25th anniversary of the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)?
A) 2022
B) 2023
C) 2024
D) 2025
E) 2026
Answer: D) 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Completion of 25 years of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY)
• Location: Pan-India (rural areas across states)
• Date: December 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Expansion and upgrading of all-weather rural road infrastructure through PMGSY Phases I to IV.
• Objectives: To improve rural connectivity, enable access to schools, healthcare, markets, and boost inclusive economic development across India’s villages.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY): A flagship rural development scheme launched in 2000 to provide all-weather road connectivity to unconnected habitations.
• OMMAS (Online Management, Monitoring and Accounting System): A digital platform used to track PMGSY’s financial and physical progress.
• e-MARG: A road maintenance and monitoring platform under PMGSY-III that links payments to quality and performance indicators.

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10. Which institute has been selected as a Project Implementing Agency under the PM VIKAS scheme by the Ministry of Minority Affairs?
A) IIM Ahmedabad
B) NIFTEM-Kundli
C) NITI Aayog
D) IGNOU
E) NSDC
Answer: B) NIFTEM-Kundli

Event and Location:

• Event: NIFTEM-K signs MoU with Ministry of Minority Affairs for PM VIKAS scheme implementation
• Location: New Delhi
• Date: December 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: NIFTEM-K has been selected as a Project Implementing Agency (PIA) to implement the PM VIKAS scheme for skilling youth from minority communities
• Objectives: To enhance employability and livelihood opportunities for minority youth through targeted, NSQF-compliant skill development and training in food processing and related sectors

Important Terms Explained:

• NIFTEM-K (National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management – Kundli): An Institute of National Importance under the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), focused on food technology and entrepreneurship development
• PM VIKAS (Pradhan Mantri Vishwakarma Kaushal Samman Yojana): A government scheme to support traditional artisans and minority communities by providing them with skill training, employment, and credit support
• NSQF (National Skills Qualification Framework): A competency-based framework that organizes qualifications according to a series of levels of knowledge, skills, and aptitude
• NCVET (National Council for Vocational Education and Training): The regulator responsible for approving vocational training courses and assessing certification bodies

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11. What major initiative was launched by Union Home Minister Amit Shah during the Anti-Terrorism Conference 2025?
A) Operation Trinetra
B) National Anti-Terror Code
C) Organised Crime Network Database
D) Bharat Shield Cyberwall
E) Project SURAJ
Answer: C) Organised Crime Network Database

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Anti-Terrorism Conference 2025
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Organize a national-level conference to enhance counter-terrorism coordination and unveil new intelligence and operational frameworks
• Objectives: Strengthen national security architecture, promote Centre-State operational uniformity, enhance technology use, and establish a unified anti-terrorism grid

Important Terms Explained:

• Operation Sindoor: A security operation targeting planners of a terrorist attack, showcasing India’s proactive counter-terror strategy
• Operation Mahadev: Operation conducted to neutralize the executors of the Baisaran Valley terror attack
• NATGRID (National Intelligence Grid): A centralized intelligence platform enabling real-time data sharing across multiple security and intelligence agencies
• NIDAAN: A specialized platform for analysing and tracking terror networks and linkages across jurisdictions
• Organised Crime Network Database: A national repository launched by the Ministry of Home Affairs to monitor, track, and disrupt organized criminal syndicates that fund terrorism

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12. Which department organised the ‘Prashashan Gaon Ki Ore’ 2025 campaign during Good Governance Week?
A) Ministry of Home Affairs
B) Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
C) NITI Aayog
D) Ministry of Finance
E) Election Commission
Answer: B) Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances

Event and Location:

• Event: Successful conclusion of ‘Prashashan Gaon Ki Ore’ 2025 campaign under Good Governance Week 2025
• Location: Pan-India with National Workshop at New Delhi
• Date: 25 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances (DARPG) conducted the nationwide Good Governance Week 2025 campaign involving service delivery improvement, grievance redressal, special governance camps, publication of best practices, and launch of new digital governance initiatives.
• Objectives: To make governance people-centric, transparent, accountable, technology-driven, and inclusive while accelerating grievance redressal, service delivery efficiency, and citizen engagement in line with Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.

Important Terms Explained:

• Good Governance Week (GGW): A nationwide governance reform campaign conducted annually to improve public service delivery, grievance redressal, and administrative efficiency.
• Prashashan Gaon Ki Ore: Flagship outreach campaign under GGW focusing on taking governance directly to villages and districts.
• CPGRAMS: Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System for online grievance registration and disposal.
• Mission Karmayogi: National programme for civil services capacity building aimed at creating a future-ready workforce.

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13. What is the primary objective of the “Your Money, Your Right” initiative launched by the Government of India?
A) Promote digital banking
B) Increase stock market investments
C) Reclaim unclaimed financial assets
D) Encourage new mutual fund investments
E) Offer insurance to rural citizens
Answer: C) Reclaim unclaimed financial assets

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch and implementation of “Your Money, Your Right” initiative
• Location: Nationwide across all States and Union Territories
• Date: October to December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launched by the Department of Financial Services to facilitate identification and return of unclaimed financial assets through digital portals and district-level camps.
• Objectives: To ensure rightful ownership, reconnect citizens with unclaimed savings, strengthen financial inclusion, and enhance citizen trust in financial institutions.

Important Terms Explained:

• UDGAM Portal: Developed by RBI to help citizens locate unclaimed bank deposits older than 10 years.
• Bima Bharosa Portal: IRDAI’s platform for tracing unclaimed insurance proceeds, even after transfer to the Senior Citizens’ Welfare Fund (SCWF).
• MITRA Portal: Hosted on MF Central, assists in tracing unclaimed or inactive mutual fund investments and folios.
• IEPFA Portal: Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority portal that tracks unclaimed dividends and shares.
• SCWF (Senior Citizens’ Welfare Fund): Fund where unclaimed insurance proceeds are transferred after 10 years, but can still be claimed up to 25 years.
• DEA Fund: Depositor Education and Awareness Fund where unclaimed bank deposits are transferred after 10 years.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 26

14. Which tribal language was used for the newly released edition of the Constitution of India in Ol Chiki script?
A) Gondi
B) Bhili
C) Santhali
D) Munda
E) Khasi
Answer: C) Santhali

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of Constitution of India in Santhali language
• Location: Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi
• Date: December 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Constitution of India released in Santhali language using the Ol Chiki script, launched by President Droupadi Murmu.
• Objectives: To enhance constitutional accessibility, promote tribal linguistic inclusion, and empower Santhali-speaking citizens with awareness of their rights and duties in their native language.

Important Terms Explained:

• Santhali Language: A tribal language spoken across Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, and Bihar; added to the Eighth Schedule in 2003 via 92nd Constitutional Amendment Act.
• Ol Chiki Script: The indigenous script for the Santhali language, invented in 1925 by Pandit Raghunath Murmu; completes 100 years in 2025.
• Eighth Schedule of the Constitution: A list of official Indian languages recognized for promotion and development; includes 22 languages currently.

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15. What is the main focus of India’s upcoming anti-terror policy?
A) Increasing foreign investment
B) Promoting rural tourism
C) Combating digital radicalization and cross-border threats
D) Expanding educational reforms
E) Developing urban housing schemes
Answer: C) Combating digital radicalization and cross-border threats

Event and Location:

• Event: Government to introduce India’s first national anti-terror policy
• Location: Nationwide (Policy-level implementation), Conference in New Delhi
• Date: Expected implementation post December 26–27, 2025 consultation

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Introduction of a unified anti-terror framework involving central and state agencies
• Objectives: To enhance national security coordination, address emerging threats such as digital radicalization and cross-border terror activities, and ensure quicker, intelligence-driven responses

Important Terms Explained:

• Digital Radicalization: The process of individuals being indoctrinated online into extremist ideologies, often via encrypted or social platforms
• NATGRID: National Intelligence Grid – an integrated intelligence database for secure data access to aid counter-terror operations
• National Investigation Agency (NIA): India’s premier counter-terror agency responsible for investigating and preventing terrorism-related incidents

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16. Which institution has been tasked with preparing a science-based management plan for the Aravalli Range?
A) Geological Survey of India
B) National Green Tribunal
C) Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education
D) Central Pollution Control Board
E) Ministry of Mines
Answer: C) Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education

Event and Location:

• Event: Centre bans new mining leases across Aravalli Range and expands protected zones
• Location: Aravalli Range (from Gujarat to NCR)
• Date: December 26, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Ban on new mining leases in the Aravalli Range; expansion of protected ecological zones; formulation of a sustainable mining management plan
• Objectives: To conserve the Aravalli ecosystem, prevent illegal mining, restore degraded landscapes, and ensure long-term ecological sustainability

Important Terms Explained:

• Aravalli Range: One of the oldest mountain ranges in the world, stretching across Gujarat, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi, vital for biodiversity and groundwater recharge
• ICFRE: Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, tasked with environmental research and conservation planning
• Sustainable Mining Management Plan: A comprehensive strategy to regulate mining, based on ecological assessments and aimed at restoring degraded zones and managing existing operations responsibly

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17. What is the theme of the 5th National Conference of Chief Secretaries chaired by PM Modi in December 2025?
A) Viksit Bharat @2047
B) Human Capital for Viksit Bharat
C) Skill India and Digital Economy
D) Atmanirbhar Governance
E) Reforming State Capacities
Answer: B) Human Capital for Viksit Bharat

Event and Location:

• Event: 5th National Conference of Chief Secretaries chaired by PM Modi
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: December 27–28, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Chairing of the Fifth National Conference of Chief Secretaries by the Prime Minister, with participation from all States and Union Territories
• Objectives: To promote Centre–State coordination for future-ready governance, focusing on education, skilling, and holistic human capital development for a developed India

Important Terms Explained:

• Viksit Bharat: A vision of a developed India by 2047, focusing on sustainable, inclusive, and innovation-driven growth
• AgriStack: A digital platform integrating agricultural data to support precision farming, smart supply chains, and market linkages
• Atmanirbhar Bharat: A government initiative promoting self-reliance through local manufacturing, entrepreneurship, and innovation

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18. Which of the following statements is true about the Indian Army’s revised social media policy announced in December 2025?
A) Army personnel can freely post on Instagram and X
B) WhatsApp and Signal are now permitted for classified communication
C) LinkedIn use is banned for all personnel
D) Passive browsing is allowed on platforms like YouTube and Quora
E) All forms of social media are banned again
Answer: D) Passive browsing is allowed on platforms like YouTube and Quora

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian Army revises its social media policy
• Location: Nationwide (India-wide implementation)
• Date: December 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian Army personnel are now allowed conditional and regulated access to certain social media and messaging platforms
• Objectives: To balance national security with the need for information access, while mitigating cyber risks and operational vulnerabilities

Important Terms Explained:

• Passive Participation: The act of viewing and monitoring content on social platforms without interacting, commenting, or posting
• Honey Trapping: A tactic involving deceptive romantic relationships to extract sensitive or classified information from personnel
• Cyber Espionage: The use of digital means to obtain confidential or strategic information, especially by adversarial nations or entities

Tabular Summary:

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19. After how many years has Gujarat been reinstated as a tiger-bearing state by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA)?
A) 28 years
B) 31 years
C) 33 years
D) 35 years
E) 36 years
Answer: C) 33 years

Event and Location:

• Event: Gujarat reinstated as a tiger-bearing state
• Location: Gujarat, India
• Date: December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) has officially included Gujarat in the All India Tiger Estimation 2026
• Objectives: To strengthen Project Tiger by confirming new tiger presence in Gujarat and promoting conservation measures in Ratanmahal Sanctuary

Important Terms Explained:

• NTCA (National Tiger Conservation Authority): A statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change responsible for implementing tiger conservation policies and Project Tiger
• All India Tiger Estimation (AITE): A nationwide exercise conducted every four years to assess the tiger population and habitat across India using scientific tools
• Stripe Pattern Recognition Software: AI-driven technology used to identify individual tigers through their unique stripe patterns captured in camera traps

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20. What is the name of the textile exhibition from Dr Kapila Vatsyayan’s collection inaugurated by IGNCA in December 2025?
A) Vastra Darshan
B) Weaves of India
C) Kala Srishti
D) Abhivyakti
E) Sutra Samvaad
Answer: D) Abhivyakti

Event and Location:

• Event: Dr Kapila Vatsyayan Memorial Lecture and textile exhibition inauguration
• Location: IGNCA, New Delhi
• Date: December 29, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Organise a memorial lecture in honour of Dr Kapila Vatsyayan and inaugurate an exhibition from her textile collection
• Objectives: To celebrate Dr Vatsyayan’s contributions to Indian arts and highlight textile heritage as a lens for understanding India’s cultural traditions

Important Terms Explained:

• IGNCA (Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts): India’s premier arts institution under the Ministry of Culture, focusing on cultural research, preservation, and dissemination
• Abhivyakti: Title of the textile exhibition showcasing over 50 textile pieces from Dr Kapila Vatsyayan’s personal collection, reflecting diverse Indian craft traditions
• Kala Nidhi Division: A key division within IGNCA responsible for archiving and scholarly activities, including the coordination of this exhibition and lecture

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21. Which Finance Commission’s grants were released by the Centre for Rural Local Bodies in Rajasthan and Jharkhand in FY 2025–26?
A) Thirteenth
B) Fourteenth
C) Fifteenth
D) Sixteenth
E) Twelfth
Answer: C) Fifteenth

Event and Location:

• Event: Centre releases ₹723+ crore Fifteenth Finance Commission grants to Rural Local Bodies
• Location: Rajasthan and Jharkhand, India
• Date: 26 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Government released XV Finance Commission Grants to strengthen Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Rural Local Bodies (RLBs) through Untied and Tied financial assistance for development and basic services.
• Objectives: To enhance grassroots governance, improve sanitation and drinking water infrastructure, promote sustainable rural development, and empower local self-government institutions.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fifteenth Finance Commission (XV FC): Constitutional body recommending the distribution of central revenues to states and local bodies for a five-year period.
• Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs): Local self-government bodies at village, block, and district levels responsible for rural governance.
• Untied Grants: Grants that can be used by local bodies for location-specific development needs except for salaries and establishment costs.
• Tied Grants: Grants earmarked for basic services such as sanitation, drinking water, waste management, and ODF maintenance.

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Over All Review

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