Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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December 13 & 14 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Sports – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

1. Who won the 51st National Women’s Chess Championship 2025 held in Durgapur?
A) Mary Ann Gomes
B) Srishti Pandey
C) V. Varshini
D) Arshiya Das
E) P.V. Nandhidhaa
Answer: E) P.V. Nandhidhaa

Event and Location:

• Event: 51st National Women’s Chess Championship 2025
• Location: Durgapur, West Bengal
• Date: December 13, 2025 (Final Round)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Tamil Nadu’s WGM P.V. Nandhidhaa defeated WIM Srishti Pandey in the final round to retain her National Women’s Chess title, scoring 9.5 points out of 11.
• Objectives: To crown the National Women’s Chess Champion of 2025, promote competitive chess at a national level, and identify top-performing female chess talents in India.

Important Terms Explained:

• WGM (Woman Grandmaster): A title awarded by FIDE, it is the highest-ranking title specifically for women after GM (Grandmaster).
• WIM (Woman International Master): A title one step below WGM, also awarded by FIDE, recognizing strong international-level play among women.
• Minor Piece Endgame: A type of chess endgame where only bishops and knights (minor pieces) and pawns remain; requires precise calculation and technique.
• PSPB: Petroleum Sports Promotion Board – an organization that supports athletes working under public sector oil companies.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

2. What is India’s rank in the 2024 Global AI Index released by Stanford University?
A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth
E) Fifth
Answer: C) Third

Event and Location:

• Event: India ranked third in the 2024 Global AI Vibrancy Index
• Location: Released globally by Stanford University, USA
• Date: December 14, 2025 (report announcement)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: As per Stanford University’s Global AI Vibrancy Tool, India ranked 3rd globally in AI competitiveness, marking a significant jump from 7th in 2023.
• Objectives: To assess countries based on their AI capabilities, talent, infrastructure, and R&D, and recognize nations leading in the AI innovation race through data-driven performance indicators.

Important Terms Explained:

• Global AI Vibrancy Tool: A comprehensive framework developed by Stanford University to assess and compare national progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) across multiple dimensions such as research, economy, talent, and infrastructure.
• AI Competitiveness: A measure of how well a country is positioned to develop, adopt, and lead in AI-related technologies, including model development, patents, compute power, and private investment.
• Stanford University AI Index: An influential annual global report tracking advancements and policy changes in AI, widely used by researchers, governments, and tech firms.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Which state secured the first rank in Group 3 of the State Energy Efficiency Index (SEEI) 2025?
A) Rajasthan
B) Goa
C) Kerala
D) Uttarakhand
E) Himachal Pradesh
Answer: C) Kerala

Event and Location:

• Event: Kerala secures first rank in Group 3 of the State Energy Efficiency Index (SEEI) 2025
• Location: New Delhi (award presentation), Kerala (recipient state)
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Kerala was awarded first place in Group 3 of the State Energy Efficiency Index 2025 for outstanding performance in implementing energy efficiency initiatives.
• Objectives: To evaluate and encourage energy efficiency progress across Indian states, promote sustainable energy use, and support India’s climate and energy goals.

Important Terms Explained:

• State Energy Efficiency Index (SEEI): A benchmarking tool developed by Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) and Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) to assess states’ performance on energy efficiency policies and implementation across sectors.
• Group 3 Division: Classification used in SEEI to group states and UTs with similar baseline energy conditions and consumption levels for fair comparison.
• Energy Management Centre – Kerala (EMC): The state-designated agency for implementing energy conservation policies and projects in Kerala.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

4. What percentage of minimum marking fee concession is provided by BIS to Micro Enterprises under Quality Control Order relaxations?
A) 50%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 70%
E) 40%
Answer: C) 80%

Event and Location:

• Event: Government implements QCOs with MSME-specific exemptions and relaxations
• Location: India
• Date: 14 December 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Government, through the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), is implementing Quality Control Orders (QCOs) in a phased manner with targeted exemptions and relaxations for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to avoid disruption in domestic production.
• Objectives:
  • To ensure compliance with quality norms without affecting MSME productivity, support self-reliance, and enhance ease of doing business by reducing technical and financial burdens on small manufacturers.

Important Terms Explained:

• Quality Control Orders (QCOs):
  • Mandatory product quality standards enforced by BIS under relevant Ministries to ensure safety, standardization, and consumer protection.
• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS):
  • India’s national standard-setting body that implements QCOs and offers technical and financial support to MSMEs for certification.
• External Benchmark Linking:
  • A policy by RBI advising banks to link MSME loan rates to external benchmarks like repo rate, improving monetary policy transmission and transparency.
• Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs (MCGS-MSME):
  • A government-backed scheme offering credit guarantee to banks and NBFCs for term loans up to ₹100 crore, supporting MSMEs in purchasing equipment and expanding operations.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

5. Which state won the National Energy Conservation Award 2025 in Group II for the fourth consecutive year?
A) Gujarat
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Andhra Pradesh
D) Maharashtra
E) Karnataka
Answer: C) Andhra Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Pradesh wins the National Energy Conservation Award 2025 (Group II)
• Location: Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi (award ceremony); Andhra Pradesh (recipient state)
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Andhra Pradesh was adjudged the best performer in Group II of the National Energy Conservation Awards, presented by President Droupadi Murmu on National Energy Conservation Day.
• Objectives: To recognize Andhra Pradesh’s commitment to energy efficiency, climate action, and institutional performance through the State Energy Conservation Mission (SECM) across sectors like DISCOMs, industry, transport, buildings, and agriculture.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Energy Conservation Award: An annual recognition by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) under the Ministry of Power, to honor excellence in energy efficiency across states and institutions.
• Group II: A classification within the State Energy Efficiency Index (SEEI) for states with final energy consumption between 5 to 15 Mtoe (Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent).
• APSECM (Andhra Pradesh State Energy Conservation Mission): The nodal agency for implementing energy conservation and efficiency programs in Andhra Pradesh.
• Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC): A policy that sets minimum energy efficiency standards for new commercial buildings in India.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

6. What is the name of the brain stent evaluated in India’s first dedicated stroke device clinical trial?
A) NeuroNova
B) Supernova
C) BrainTech
D) StentPro
E) CereNova
Answer: B) Supernova

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s first clinical trial of an advanced brain stent for stroke treatment
• Location: AIIMS Delhi (National coordinating centre)
• Date: December 13, 2025 (publication and announcement date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: AIIMS Delhi, in collaboration with Gravity Medical Technology, conducted the GRASSROOT trial — India’s first dedicated clinical trial for an advanced brain stent named Supernova for stroke treatment.
• Objectives: To test and validate the safety and efficacy of a domestically developed stroke stent, enable faster access to treatment, support the Make-in-India initiative, and create a model for world-class clinical research within India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Supernova Stent: An advanced stent-retriever developed by Gravity Medical Technology, designed for minimally invasive treatment of severe strokes, especially targeting younger Indian patients.
• GRASSROOT Trial: India’s first clinical trial of a stroke-specific device, conducted at 8 centres with AIIMS Delhi as the national lead, producing world-class data for regulatory approval.
• CDSCO (Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation): India’s national drug regulatory authority that approved the Supernova stent based on domestic clinical evidence.
• Stroke: A serious medical condition where poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death; India sees 1.7 million stroke cases annually, many in younger populations.
• Make-in-India: A national initiative aimed at encouraging domestic manufacturing and innovation, especially in critical sectors like healthcare and MedTech.

Tabular Summary:

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7. By when is ISRO planning to complete 7 space launch missions, including the uncrewed Gaganyaan mission?
A) December 2025
B) January 2026
C) March 2026
D) June 2026
E) December 2026
Answer: C) March 2026

Event and Location:

• Event: ISRO lines up 7 launches including the uncrewed Gaganyaan mission
• Location: ISRO launch sites, primarily Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: December 14, 2025 (announcement)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has planned seven launches between December 2025 and March 2026, which include major missions such as the first uncrewed Gaganyaan flight, satellite launches for commercial and strategic purposes, and technology demonstrator missions.
• Objectives: To demonstrate human-rated launch vehicle capabilities, electric propulsion, quantum key distribution, self-reliant communication systems, and to boost India’s space commercialisation and global partnerships.

Important Terms Explained:

• Gaganyaan Mission: India’s first human spaceflight program, led by ISRO, with the objective of sending Indian astronauts to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The uncrewed mission is a critical step for safety validation before the 2027 crewed launch.
• Vyommitra: A semi-humanoid female robot developed by ISRO to simulate human functions in space and be part of the uncrewed Gaganyaan mission.
• Electric Propulsion System: A propulsion method for satellites using electric power, reducing fuel mass by up to 90%, and enabling lighter and longer-life satellites.
• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD): A next-gen secure communication technology based on quantum mechanics, offering tamper-proof encryption capabilities.
• Travelling Wave Tube Amplifier (TWT): A high-frequency amplifier used in satellite communication systems; ISRO’s indigenous development boosts self-reliance in critical transponder tech.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

8. Which Defence PSU has the highest order book among the seven newly corporatised DPSUs in India?
A) Munitions India Ltd
B) Gliders India Ltd
C) Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Ltd
D) Armoured Vehicle Nigam Ltd
E) Troop Comforts Ltd
Answer: D) Armoured Vehicle Nigam Ltd

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s seven new Defence PSUs record a combined order book of ₹83,109 crore
• Location: New Delhi, India (as per report tabled in Parliament)
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Standing Committee on Defence presented an Action Taken Report on Demands for Grants (2025–26), revealing a total order book of ₹83,109 crore for India’s corporatised defence PSUs (DPSUs).
• Objectives: To evaluate the post-corporatisation progress of DPSUs in terms of order consolidation, indigenisation, exports, and modernisation, and ensure sustained support for defence self-reliance under Atmanirbhar Bharat.

Important Terms Explained:

• DPSU (Defence Public Sector Undertaking): Government-owned companies under the Ministry of Defence engaged in defence production, now corporatised to enhance efficiency and competitiveness.
• Corporatisation of OFB: In October 2021, the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) was split into seven PSUs to improve autonomy, accountability, and market responsiveness.
• Positive Indigenisation Lists (PILs): A set of items notified by the Department of Defence Production that must be sourced indigenously to reduce import dependence in the defence sector.
• CAPEX (Capital Expenditure): Funds allocated for infrastructure, production-line upgrades, and technology acquisition, aimed at boosting domestic manufacturing capacity.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat: Government of India’s initiative for self-reliant India, with a strong push towards domestic defence manufacturing and import reduction.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

9. At which international forum did EAM S. Jaishankar meet several European and Arab foreign ministers in December 2025?
A) Raisina Dialogue
B) World Economic Forum
C) G20 Foreign Ministers Meeting
D) Sir Bani Yas Forum
E) Asia-Europe Summit
Answer: D) Sir Bani Yas Forum

Event and Location:

• Event: EAM S. Jaishankar participates in 16th Sir Bani Yas Forum and holds bilateral meetings
• Location: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
• Date: December 12–14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar participated in the 16th Sir Bani Yas Forum, engaging in multiple bilateral and multilateral discussions with foreign ministers from Europe, Egypt, and the UK.
• Objectives: To promote strategic dialogue on key global and regional issues, enhance diplomatic relations with Europe, the Gulf, and Arab countries, and reaffirm India’s role in global peace, security, and cooperation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sir Bani Yas Forum: An annual high-level diplomatic dialogue platform hosted in the UAE, bringing together ministers, policymakers, and experts to address issues of regional security, peace, and international cooperation.
• EAM (External Affairs Minister): The Minister responsible for India’s foreign relations; currently held by Dr. S. Jaishankar.
• Strategic Dialogue: Diplomatic discussions between countries to enhance cooperation on defence, trade, security, and regional stability.

Tabular Summary:

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10. How many products have been identified by India’s Commerce Ministry as having high export potential to Russia?
A) 150
B) 200
C) 300
D) 350
E) 400
Answer: C) 300

Event and Location:

• Event: India identifies 300 high-potential export products to expand trade with Russia
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Commerce has identified 300 products including engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and agri-commodities as having high export potential to Russia, based on a trade complementarity analysis.
• Objectives: To boost exports, reduce the trade deficit, and help India and Russia achieve the $100 billion bilateral trade target by 2030, while reducing over-dependence on imports of mineral fuels.

Important Terms Explained:

• Trade Complementarity Analysis: A method of evaluating the match between one country’s export strengths and another’s import needs to find high-potential trade opportunities.
• Trade Deficit: The amount by which a country’s imports exceed its exports; India’s trade deficit with Russia currently stands at $59 billion.
• APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients): The key components used in making drugs; India is a major global producer of APIs and a strategic supplier to Russia.
• High-Potential Products: Products with low current market share but high demand, offering significant export growth opportunities.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

11. According to ABRSM, which national policy is key to achieving the goals of ‘Viksit Bharat’ and ‘Swarna Andhra’?
A) National Digital Policy 2023
B) National Health Mission
C) New National Education Policy 2020
D) Skill India Mission
E) National Infrastructure Pipeline
Answer: C) New National Education Policy 2020

Event and Location:

• Event: ABRSM highlights role of NEP 2020 in achieving ‘Viksit Bharat’ and ‘Swarna Andhra’
• Location: Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh (K.L. University)
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Guntha Lakshman, National Secretary of Akhil Bhartiya Rashtriya Shaikshik Mahasangh (ABRSM), emphasized the transformative impact of NEP 2020 during a faculty training event.
• Objectives: To showcase how NEP 2020 is contributing to India’s developmental goals by enhancing employability, reducing poverty, and shaping an educated and skilled workforce for Viksit Bharat (Developed India) and Swarna Andhra (Golden Andhra Pradesh).

Important Terms Explained:

• NEP 2020 (National Education Policy 2020): A major educational reform launched by the Government of India, focusing on holistic, flexible, and multidisciplinary learning, aiming to transform India’s education system by 2040.
• Viksit Bharat: A vision of a Developed India by 2047, representing inclusive economic growth, sustainable development, and innovation-led progress.
• Swarna Andhra: A term symbolizing a prosperous and progressive Andhra Pradesh, aligned with state-level development goals in education, employment, and governance.
• ABRSM (Akhil Bhartiya Rashtriya Shaikshik Mahasangh): A national teachers’ organization working towards educational and academic development in India.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Which ministry has listed 16 very critical imported items for localisation to boost self-sufficiency in the power sector?
A) Ministry of Commerce
B) Ministry of Heavy Industries
C) Ministry of Electronics and IT
D) Ministry of Power
E) Ministry of Steel
Answer: D) Ministry of Power

Event and Location:

• Event: Power Ministry lists 16 critical imported items for localisation to strengthen domestic manufacturing
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Power, through the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), identified 16 very critical imported components essential for the power sector and initiated a roadmap to localise their production under Atmanirbhar Bharat.
• Objectives: To reduce import dependency, improve supply chain resilience, promote domestic manufacturing, and support India’s energy security and economic sovereignty.

Important Terms Explained:

• Atmanirbhar Bharat: A government initiative aimed at making India self-reliant by promoting indigenous industries, reducing imports, and enhancing global competitiveness across sectors.
• Central Electricity Authority (CEA): A statutory organization under the Ministry of Power, responsible for policy planning, system operations, and recommending technological upgrades in the power sector.
• HVDC Valve Assemblies: Components used in High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission systems that enable efficient long-distance power transfer.
• Subsea Cables: Specialized underwater cables used for power transmission and data communication, currently largely imported due to complex manufacturing requirements.
• IEEMA (Indian Electrical and Electronics Manufacturers’ Association): The national representative body of manufacturers in the electrical, industrial electronics and allied equipment industry in India.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which body invoked Stage-IV of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) in Delhi-NCR in December 2025 due to severe air pollution?
A) CPCB
B) IMD
C) CAQM
D) NGT
E) MoEFCC
Answer: C) CAQM

Event and Location:

• Event: Invocation of Stage-IV actions under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) due to severe air quality
• Location: Delhi-NCR
• Date: December 13, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) invoked Stage-IV of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) due to a sharp spike in Air Quality Index (AQI) levels across Delhi-NCR, crossing 441.
• Objectives: To prevent further deterioration of air quality and ensure emergency-level interventions in light of unfavourable meteorological conditions leading to trapped pollutants and poor dispersion.

Important Terms Explained:

• CAQM (Commission for Air Quality Management): A statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) tasked with coordinating air quality management in the NCR and adjoining areas.
• Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP): A 4-stage emergency plan implemented in Delhi-NCR based on real-time AQI levels to tackle pollution with increasing severity (Stage I: Poor, Stage II: Very Poor, Stage III: Severe, Stage IV: Severe+).
• AQI (Air Quality Index): A numerical index used to communicate the quality of air in a specific location, where higher values indicate worse air quality. Values above 450 are classified as “Severe+”.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which initiative, launched under DAY-NRLM, aims to create a people’s movement against gender-based violence and empower rural women across India?
A) Mission Shakti
B) Nayi Chetana
C) Sakhi One Stop Centre
D) Mahila Samman Yojana
E) Rashtriya Mahila Abhiyan
Answer: B) Nayi Chetana

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Nayi Chetana 4.0 and inauguration of Gender Resource Centre
• Location: Guntur, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: December 13, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of Nayi Chetana 4.0 at the state level in Andhra Pradesh.
  • Inauguration of a Gender Resource Centre (GRC) to support women at grassroots level.
  • Strengthening women’s Self Help Group (SHG) collectives under DAY-NRLM framework.
• Objectives:
  • To eliminate gender-based violence through community awareness and collective responsibility.
  • To ensure safety, dignity, and economic empowerment of women in rural India.
  • To promote zero tolerance towards violence and foster inclusive growth through women’s participation.
  • To provide legal, livelihood, and counselling support via GRCs.

Important Terms Explained:

• Nayi Chetana:
  • A nationwide gender campaign launched in 2021 under DAY-NRLM.
  • Aims to promote awareness against gender-based violence, empower women economically and socially, and involve communities in creating a safe ecosystem.
  • It focuses on SHG women-led change, engaging 10 crore SHG women and 4 crore rural citizens across 13 lakh events.
• DAY-NRLM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission):
  • A central government scheme aimed at promoting self-employment and organization of rural poor into SHGs to improve their livelihoods sustainably.
  • Emphasizes women’s empowerment and financial inclusion.
• Gender Resource Centre (GRC):
  • A one-stop support centre for rural women.
  • Provides legal aid, counselling, referrals, and livelihood linkages.
  • Aims to ensure access to justice and support systems at the grassroots level.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs December 13 & 14

15. What new facility was inaugurated in Gulmarg to boost winter sports and tourism in December 2025?
A) Indoor ice skating rink
B) Snowmobile training academy
C) Asia’s longest ski drag lift and revolving conference hall
D) Winter carnival festival arena
E) High-altitude climate research center
Answer: C) Asia’s longest ski drag lift and revolving conference hall

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Asia’s longest ski drag lift and revolving conference hall
• Location: Gulmarg, Jammu and Kashmir
• Date: December 13, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Inauguration of new winter tourism infrastructure including a 726-metre-long ski drag lift and a high-altitude revolving conference hall.
• Objectives: To enhance Gulmarg’s global standing as a premier winter sports destination and improve visitor facilities while conserving the fragile local ecosystem.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ski Drag Lift: A surface lift that pulls skiers uphill while they remain on skis; the 726-metre lift in Gulmarg is now the longest in Asia.
• Revolving Conference Hall: A rotating meeting venue built at 4,390 metres altitude at Apharwat, offering 360-degree mountain views to attract corporate and premium tourism.
• Winter Tourism Infrastructure: Includes ski facilities, snow-related sports infrastructure, and visitor amenities aimed at increasing tourist footfall during winter.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Who released the Tamil version of Justice Shivaraj V. Patil’s autobiography in Madurai?
A) Justice N. Anand Venkatesh
B) Justice R. Mahadevan
C) Justice G. Jayachandran
D) Justice S. Ravindra Bhat
E) Justice P. Sathasivam
Answer: B) Justice R. Mahadevan

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of Tamil version of Justice Shivaraj V. Patil’s autobiography
• Location: Kalaignar Centenary Library, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Tamil version of the autobiography ‘Time Spent Distance Travelled’ by Justice Shivaraj V. Patil was officially released.
• Objectives: To make the former Supreme Court judge’s life experiences accessible to Tamil readers and inspire the legal and general community with his journey.

Important Terms Explained:

• Autobiography: A self-written account of one’s life; in this case, the book ‘Time Spent Distance Travelled’ recounts the professional and personal journey of Justice Shivaraj V. Patil.
• Kalaignar Centenary Library: A prominent public library in Madurai named in memory of Tamil Nadu’s former Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi, hosting significant cultural and literary events.
• Supreme Court Judge (Retd.): Justice Shivaraj V. Patil is a former judge of India’s Supreme Court, the apex judicial institution of the country.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Where was the NEOCON-2025 national conference of neonatologists and paediatricians held?
A) Bengaluru
B) Hyderabad
C) Visakhapatnam
D) Chennai
E) New Delhi
Answer: C) Visakhapatnam

Event and Location:

• Event: NEOCON-2025 annual national conference by the National Neonatology Forum
• Location: Novotel Hotel, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: December 11, 2025 (start date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Conduct of the annual NEOCON-2025 conference by the National Neonatology Forum (NNF), including pre-conference workshops and expert sessions.
• Objectives: To enhance skills, share knowledge, and discuss latest developments in neonatology and paediatrics by bringing together experts and professionals from across India.

Important Terms Explained:

• NEOCON: The flagship annual conference of the National Neonatology Forum of India, focusing on neonatal healthcare advancements, innovations, and capacity building.
• National Neonatology Forum (NNF): A professional organization dedicated to the promotion of neonatal care in India, providing training, research, and advocacy for newborn health.
• Pre-conference Workshops: Hands-on training sessions conducted before the official start of a conference to enhance practical skills of the participants.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Who inaugurated the startup pavilion at the UEF Trade Summit 2025 in Chennai?
A) M.K. Stalin
B) Rajeev Chandrasekhar
C) Palanivel Thiaga Rajan
D) R. N. Ravi
E) Nirmala Sitharaman
Answer: C) Palanivel Thiaga Rajan

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of startup pavilion at the UEF Trade Summit 2025
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: December 13, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Tamil Nadu’s IT and Digital Services Minister Palanivel Thiaga Rajan inaugurated a startup pavilion during the United Economic Forum (UEF) Trade Summit 2025.
• Objectives: To promote entrepreneurship, encourage startup innovation, and highlight the importance of human capital and educational reforms for long-term economic growth.

Important Terms Explained:

• Startup Pavilion: A dedicated exhibition space within business and trade summits to showcase innovations, products, and services by emerging startups and entrepreneurs.
• United Economic Forum (UEF): A business-oriented platform promoting inclusive economic growth through networking, trade summits, and investment opportunities.
• Human Capital: The collective skills, knowledge, and experience possessed by individuals, considered essential for economic productivity and growth.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which Governor recently flagged concerns over judicial intervention in Vice-Chancellor appointments in Kerala?
A) Ramesh Bais
B) Arif Mohammed Khan
C) Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
D) C. V. Ananda Bose
E) R. N. Ravi
Answer: C) Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar

Event and Location:

• Event: Kerala Governor criticises judicial overreach in university Vice-Chancellor appointments
• Location: Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Kerala Governor Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar raised objections to the Supreme Court’s involvement in the appointment of Vice-Chancellors at Digital University Kerala (DUK) and APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU).
• Objectives: To underline the importance of institutional separation of powers in a democracy and affirm the Governor’s role in university governance under the state’s legislative framework.

Important Terms Explained:

• Judicial Overreach: A situation where the judiciary is perceived to interfere excessively in the functions of the executive or legislature, beyond its constitutional role of interpretation.
• Vice-Chancellor (V-C): The chief executive officer of a university, whose appointment is often governed by state university acts and procedures involving the Governor and state government.
• Digital University Kerala (DUK): A state-owned university focused on digital education and emerging technologies, based in Kerala.
• APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University (KTU): A Kerala-based public university that oversees technical education institutions in the state.

Tabular Summary:

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20. Where was the World Health Innovation Forum (WHIF) 2025 held?
A) Hyderabad
B) Bengaluru
C) New Delhi
D) Visakhapatnam
E) Mumbai
Answer: D) Visakhapatnam

Event and Location:

• Event: World Health Innovation Forum (WHIF) 2025 – Largest edition to date
• Location: Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone (AMTZ), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: December 11–13, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The World Health Innovation Forum (WHIF) 2025 was held over three days at AMTZ with over 6,000 delegates, 204 speakers, 98 sessions, and multiple product launches and partnerships.
• Objectives: To strengthen global collaboration, promote affordable medical technologies, and position India, especially AMTZ and Vizag, as a global MedTech innovation hub through actionable strategies and innovation-driven systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• WHIF (World Health Innovation Forum): A global annual platform hosted by AMTZ, bringing together health leaders, policymakers, innovators, and industry players to advance affordable, accessible, and quality healthcare technology.
• AMTZ (Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone): India’s premier medical technology manufacturing and innovation park, based in Vizag, contributing to self-reliance in MedTech and fostering global health partnerships.
• MedTech Silk Road: A concept promoting cross-border medical technology trade and cooperation among emerging economies, especially in Asia and Africa.
• Translational Research: Research aimed at turning scientific discoveries into practical applications in healthcare, bridging the gap between lab and clinical use.

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21. Which state hosted the 4th Cooperative Mela 2025 aimed at promoting cooperation-driven development?
A) Gujarat
B) West Bengal
C) Maharashtra
D) Assam
E) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: D) Assam

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of the 4th Cooperative Mela 2025
• Location: AEI Ground, Chandmari, Guwahati, Assam
• Date: December 13, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Cooperation Department, Government of Assam, under the guidance of the Ministry of Cooperation, organised the 4th Cooperative Mela to showcase the strength, diversity, and innovation in Assam’s cooperative sector.
• Objectives: To align Assam’s cooperative efforts with the National Cooperative Policy 2025, promote grassroots entrepreneurship, empower women and youth, and reinforce the vision of “Sahkar Se Samriddhi” through local participation and digital reforms in Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS).

Important Terms Explained:

• Sahkar Se Samriddhi: A national cooperative vision launched by the Ministry of Cooperation, meaning “Prosperity through Cooperation”, aimed at making cooperatives a key driver of India’s development.
• Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS): Grassroots-level credit institutions in villages that provide short-term agricultural loans, procurement services, and are being digitized under cooperative reforms.
• Model Byelaws for PACS: A standardized set of operational guidelines for PACS introduced to streamline governance, ensure transparency, and expand the scope of cooperative services.
• National Cooperative Policy 2025: A central policy initiative to establish at least one cooperative in every village by 2026, strengthening self-reliance and rural economic development.

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22. Which railway station in Mizoram handled its first-ever direct inward automobile rake in December 2025?
A) Bairabi
B) Aizawl
C) Sairang
D) Lunglei
E) Champhai
Answer: C) Sairang

Event and Location:

• Event: Mizoram receives its first rail carried automobiles with direct inward rake
• Location: Sairang Railway Station, Mizoram
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian Railways facilitated the first-ever direct inward automobile rake to Mizoram, transporting 119 cars to Sairang via the newly operational Bairabi–Sairang railway line.
• Objectives: To improve logistics efficiency, reduce dependence on long road transport, strengthen regional connectivity, and support Mizoram’s infrastructural and economic development.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bairabi–Sairang Railway Line:
  • A 51.38 km long railway line connecting Mizoram to the national rail network, passing through 45 tunnels and challenging terrain, serving as a key infrastructure lifeline for the state.
• Automobile Rake:
  • A dedicated freight train formation designed specifically for transporting passenger vehicles safely and efficiently over long distances.
• Rajdhani Express:
  • A premium long-distance train service of Indian Railways connecting state capitals to the national capital with high-speed and onboard services.

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23. Who delivered the keynote address at the inaugural Kamladevi Chattopadhyay Craft Lecture Series in 2025?
A) Smt. Amrit Raj
B) Dr. M. Beena
C) Shri Rajeev Sethi
D) Shri Ravi K Passi
E) Shri Rajesh Rawat
Answer: C) Shri Rajeev Sethi

Event and Location:

• Event: Inaugural Kamladevi Chattopadhyay Craft Lecture Series during National Handicrafts Week 2025
• Location: International Craft Complex (The Kunj), New Delhi
• Date: December 14, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of the first Kamladevi Chattopadhyay Craft Lecture Series by the Office of the Development Commissioner (Handicrafts), featuring Padma Bhushan awardee Shri Rajeev Sethi.
• Objectives: To honour the legacy of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, promote dialogue on the future of handmade crafts in modern times, and reaffirm the role of artisans in inclusive and sustainable growth.

Important Terms Explained:

• Kamladevi Chattopadhyay Craft Lecture Series:
  • A new initiative launched in 2025 to celebrate the visionary legacy of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay and promote critical thinking on handicrafts in contemporary India.
• Development Commissioner (Handicrafts):
  • The nodal body under the Ministry of Textiles responsible for craft development, marketing, artisan welfare, and export promotion in the handicrafts sector.
• Export Promotion Council for Handicrafts (EPCH):
  • An apex body set up to promote exports of handicrafts from India and provide support for international marketing, trade shows, and artisan outreach.

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Over All Review

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