Daily Current Affairs April 21

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs April 21. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

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April 21 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs April 21

1. Which historical figure is regarded as the Father of the Indian Civil Service?
A) Lord Mountbatten
B) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
C) Charles Cornwallis
D) Warren Hastings
E) Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: C) Charles Cornwallis

Event and Location:

• Event: National Civil Service Day 2025
• Date: April 21, 2025
• Location: New Delhi, India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of Celebration: To honour and recognize the excellence and commitment of civil servants in India.
• Motivational Goal: To inspire civil servants toward ethical and efficient governance.
• Administrative Aim: To promote innovation and best practices in public administration.
• Career Inspiration: To motivate the youth of India to pursue civil services as a career path.
• Symbolic Reaffirmation: To reaffirm values of transparency, service, and constitutional duty.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Civil Service Day: Celebrated annually on April 21 since 2006 to commemorate Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s iconic 1947 address to the first batch of IAS officers.
• Steel Frame of India: Term coined by Sardar Patel to describe the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) as the backbone of governance in India.
• Charles Cornwallis: Known as the Father of the Indian Civil Service, introduced reforms like merit-based recruitment and fixed salaries to reduce corruption during his tenure as Governor-General (1786–1793).
• Indian Civil Service Act of 1861: Enabled Indians to join the civil services through competitive exams, although initially held only in London.
• Civil Services Examination (CSE): Conducted annually by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), consisting of Prelims, Mains, and Interview stages for selecting officers into services like IAS, IPS, IFS, and others.
• China’s Civil Service Model: The world’s first formal civil service system, initiated during the Han Dynasty (~200 BC), based on merit and Confucian philosophy, which later influenced British colonial administration.

Tabular Summary:

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2. Which year did the United Nations officially designate April 21st as World Creativity and Innovation Day?
A) 2001
B) 2015
C) 2017
D) 2020
E) 2012
Answer: C) 2017

Event and Location:

• Event: World Creativity and Innovation Day
• Date: April 21, 2025
• Location: Globally observed, designated by the United Nations

Mandates and Objectives:

• Awareness Purpose: To raise global awareness about the vital role of creativity and innovation in solving world challenges.
• Sustainable Development Focus: To highlight how creative thinking contributes to achieving the UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Cultural and Economic Role: To recognize the influence of creativity in enhancing cultural identity and boosting the global economy.
• Educational Engagement: To promote educational and policy frameworks that nurture creativity from a young age.
• Future-Oriented Vision: To encourage innovation for building sustainable, inclusive, and green futures.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Creativity and Innovation Day (WCID): Officially recognized by the United Nations General Assembly on April 27, 2017, WCID is observed annually on April 21 to acknowledge the power of human creativity in achieving sustainable development.
• Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): A set of 17 interlinked global goals adopted by the UN in 2015, aimed at eliminating poverty, promoting equity, and protecting the environment by 2030.
• Creative Industries: Economic sectors including design, audiovisual, performing arts, publishing, visual arts, and new media that contribute 3.1% to global GDP and employ 6.2% of the global workforce.
• Marci Segal: A creativity expert who founded the grassroots version of WCID in 2001 to inspire positive change through creative thinking.
• UN 2030 Agenda: A global plan adopted by the United Nations aimed at achieving a sustainable future through the integration of environmental, economic, and social development efforts.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs April 21

3. What historic firsts did Pope Francis achieve upon his election in 2013?
A) First Asian and first Dominican pope
B) First European pope after 1,200 years
C) First Latin American, Jesuit, and non-European pope in over 1,200 years
D) First pope to visit India and China
E) First pope to serve beyond the age of 90
Answer: C) First Latin American, Jesuit, and non-European pope in over 1,200 years

Event and Location:

• Event: Death of Pope Francis
• Date: April 21, 2025 (announcement)
• Location: Vatican City

Mandates and Objectives:

• Reform Mission: To modernize the Catholic Church and address longstanding institutional crises.
• Social Vision: To promote mercy, inclusivity, interfaith dialogue, and compassion for the marginalized.
• Global Leadership: To position the Church as a voice for climate action, refugee support, and social justice.
• Administrative Reform: To improve Vatican transparency and tackle internal bureaucracy and resistance.
• Moral Guidance: To refocus Church teachings on humility and service, especially for vulnerable communities.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pope Francis (Jorge Mario Bergoglio): Elected in 2013, he was the first pope from Latin America, first Jesuit pope, and first non-European pope in over 1,200 years.
• Jesuit Order: A scholarly Catholic religious order known for its focus on education, social justice, and missionary work.
• Encyclical: A papal letter sent to bishops worldwide, typically addressing significant Church teachings or social issues.
• Synod: A formal meeting of bishops convened by the pope to discuss key theological or administrative matters.
• Vatican Bureaucracy Reform: Pope Francis aimed to overhaul the Roman Curia (governing body) to make it more accountable and efficient.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs April 21

4. What is the primary role of SBI’s newly introduced ‘Grahak Mitras’?
A) To approve loan applications
B) To offer investment advisory services
C) To promote government schemes
D) To assist customers with alternate banking channels
E) To manage high-value transactions
Answer: D) To assist customers with alternate banking channels

Event and Location:

• Event: Deployment of ‘Grahak Mitras’ by SBI
• Date: April 2025 (announcement)
• Location: Select SBI branches across India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Role: To assist walk-in customers in using digital and self-service banking channels.
• Operational Goal: To decongest high-footfall branches and improve efficiency in routine transactions.
• Educational Focus: To enhance digital literacy, especially among senior citizens and first-time users.
• Digital Transformation: To boost usage of alternate channels like ATMs, kiosks, internet, and mobile banking.
• Customer Experience: To reduce waiting times and improve in-branch service satisfaction.

Important Terms Explained:

• Grahak Mitras: Specially trained personnel deployed by SBI under its subsidiary SBOSS (State Bank Operations Support Services) to guide customers in using digital and self-service banking facilities.
• Alternate Banking Channels: Non-branch platforms such as ATMs, ADWMs, mobile apps (YONO), internet banking, and kiosks, designed to enable 24×7 convenient banking.
• SWAYAM Kiosks: Self-service machines for barcode-based passbook printing, reducing manual work and enhancing branch productivity.
• ADWM (Automated Deposit Cum Withdrawal Machine): A device that allows both cash deposit and withdrawal without branch intervention.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs April 21

5. Which public sector company has become the first in India to implement paste fill technology for underground coal mining?
A) Coal India Limited
B) Mahanadi Coalfields Limited
C) Western Coalfields Limited
D) South Eastern Coalfields Limited
E) Central Coalfields Limited
Answer: D) South Eastern Coalfields Limited

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation of Paste Fill Technology by SECL
• Date: April 21, 2025 (announcement), 25-year project timeline
• Location: Singhali Underground Coal Mine, Korba area, Chhattisgarh, India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Objective: To implement paste fill technology for underground coal mining in areas with surface constraints.
• Environmental Goal: To promote green mining practices by preventing land subsidence and utilizing industrial waste.
• Production Target: To extract approximately 8.4 million tonnes of coal over 25 years.
• Strategic Vision: To unlock inaccessible coal reserves while enhancing mine safety and sustainability.
• Economic Intent: To stimulate local employment, improve energy security, and enable economic activity through advanced mining methods.

Important Terms Explained:

• Paste Fill Technology: An advanced underground mining method where mined-out voids are filled with a paste mixture of fly ash, crushed overburden, cement, water, and binding agents to support the ground and avoid land subsidence.
• Fly Ash: A byproduct of coal combustion in power plants, used in paste fill to promote circular economy and reduce environmental waste.
• SECL (South Eastern Coalfields Limited): A subsidiary of Coal India Limited and a leading coal PSU in India.
• Bord and Pillar Mining: A traditional underground mining method involving the creation of pillars of coal to support the roof.
• TMC Mineral Resources Private Limited: SECL’s partner in the ₹7040 crore agreement to implement the paste fill project.

Tabular Summary:

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6. What is the new legal name of Zepto’s parent company ahead of its planned IPO?
A) Kiranakart Technologies Ltd
B) Zepto India Pvt. Ltd.
C) Zepto Technologies Ltd
D) Zepto Private Limited
E) Zepto Commerce Pvt. Ltd
Answer: D) Zepto Private Limited

Event and Location:

• Event: Renaming of Zepto’s Parent Company Ahead of IPO
• Date: April 2025 (announcement)
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Objective: To align legal identity with brand identity as Zepto prepares for its Initial Public Offer (IPO).
• Brand Strategy: To enhance brand recall, simplify communication with stakeholders, and boost consumer trust.
• IPO Preparation: To streamline regulatory documentation and align with public listing requirements.
• Business Positioning: To reinforce Zepto’s long-term commitment to the Indian market through branding and structural consolidation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Zepto: A leading Indian quick-commerce startup, known for its 10-minute grocery delivery model in metro cities, founded in 2021.
• Kiranakart Technologies Private Limited: The former legal name of Zepto, reflecting its early focus on kirana (grocery) deliveries.
• Zepto Private Limited: The new legal name, aligning with the consumer brand to enhance IPO and investor readiness.
• Dark Store Model: A retail strategy using small, centrally located warehouses to fulfill online orders rapidly in local neighborhoods.
• IPO (Initial Public Offering): A financial process where a private company sells shares to the public for the first time, usually to raise capital and improve credibility.
• Registrar of Companies (RoC): A government body responsible for registering and regulating companies in India under the Companies Act.

Tabular Summary:

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Books and Authors – Daily Current Affairs April 21

7. What is the title of the newly released book compiling Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speeches on Indian culture and heritage?
A) Bharat Ki Sanskritik Yatra
B) Sanskriti Ka Safar
C) Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay
D) Parampara Aur Pragati
E) Rashtriya Sanskriti Darshan
Answer: C) Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the book Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay
• Date: April 18, 2025
• Location: Samvet Auditorium, IGNCA, Janpath, New Delhi

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Book: To compile and present Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speeches on India’s cultural, spiritual, and traditional heritage.
• Cultural Emphasis: To highlight India’s soft power and global cultural identity through the Prime Minister’s vision.
• Educational Aim: To serve as a literary and cultural resource for students, researchers, and enthusiasts of Indian heritage.
• Preservation Goal: To contribute to the documentation and dissemination of Indian civilization’s legacy through public discourse.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sanskriti Ka Paanchva Adhyay: A curated book of PM Modi’s speeches focusing on themes such as Indian spirituality, folk traditions, heritage, and global cultural recognition.
• IGNCA (Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts): A premier cultural institution under the Ministry of Culture, dedicated to the preservation of India’s intangible and tangible heritage.
• Swami Avdheshanand Giri Maharaj: A respected spiritual leader and Mahamandaleshwar of Juna Akhara, who formally released the book.
• Dr. Prabhat Ojha: The editor of the book and a noted scholar and author, responsible for compiling the speeches.
• Prabhat Prakashan: The publishing house that published the book, known for its contributions to Indian literature and socio-cultural publishing.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs April 21

8. Who has been appointed as the Vice-President of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) in 2025?
A) Shaktikanta Das
B) Ajay Bhushan Prasad Pandey
C) Subhash Chandra Garg
D) Urjit Patel
E) Arvind Subramanian
Answer: B) Ajay Bhushan Prasad Pandey

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Ajay Bhushan Prasad Pandey as Vice-President of AIIB
• Date: April 2025
• Location: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), Beijing, China

Mandates and Objectives:

• Strategic Role: To oversee Investment Solutions at AIIB including sustainability, sectoral planning, and portfolio management.
• Leadership Goals: To drive strategic investment decisions and ensure efficient portfolio performance.
• Development Focus: To support sustainable infrastructure development across Asia.
• India’s Representation: To strengthen India’s influence within global multilateral development banks.
• Global Governance: To merge public administration and technology-led financial systems in international finance platforms.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ajay Bhushan Prasad Pandey: Former Finance Secretary of India, ex-CEO of UIDAI, and ex-Chairperson of NFRA; a 1984-batch IAS officer from Maharashtra cadre.
• AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank): A multilateral development bank focused on supporting infrastructure and regional cooperation in Asia, with headquarters in Beijing, China.
• UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India): The agency behind Aadhaar, India’s digital identity initiative.
• NFRA (National Financial Reporting Authority): A regulatory body ensuring transparency in corporate financial reporting in India.
• Investment Solutions at AIIB: Encompasses strategic investment planning, sustainability integration, and portfolio oversight.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which Indian actress was recently appointed as Chanel’s first-ever Indian brand ambassador in 2025?
A) Deepika Padukone
B) Alia Bhatt
C) Sonam Kapoor
D) Aishwarya Rai Bachchan
E) Ananya Panday
Answer: E) Ananya Panday

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Ananya Panday as Chanel’s First Indian Brand Ambassador
• Date: April 16, 2025
• Location: Paris, France (Announcement via global fashion platforms)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Brand Strategy: To position Chanel prominently within the Indian luxury fashion market by aligning with a rising Gen Z star.
• Cultural Expansion: To reflect the growing influence of Indian celebrities in global haute couture and fashion branding.
• Representation Goal: To include Indian voices and faces in global luxury campaigns and fashion conversations.
• Market Engagement: To leverage Ananya’s popularity and social media presence for brand visibility and relatability among younger demographics.

Important Terms Explained:

• Chanel: A globally renowned French luxury fashion house, known for haute couture, ready-to-wear, accessories, and fragrances, founded by Coco Chanel in 1910.
• Brand Ambassador: A public figure officially representing a brand, who embodies its image, values, and promotes it across various platforms.
• Paris Fashion Week: A premier global fashion event where major fashion houses unveil seasonal collections to international media and buyers.
• Ananya Panday: Bollywood actress and fashion influencer, known for roles in Gehraiyaan, Kho Gaye Hum Kahan, and Call Me Bae, and for her widespread digital following.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Who has been appointed as the Chairperson of the 23rd Law Commission of India in April 2025?
A) Justice Ritu Raj Awasthi
B) Justice Sanjay Kishan Kaul
C) Justice Dinesh Maheshwari
D) Justice Arun Mishra
E) Justice Indira Banerjee
Answer: C) Justice Dinesh Maheshwari

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Chairperson of the 23rd Law Commission of India
• Date: April 2025
• Location: New Delhi, India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Mandate: To review and recommend legal reforms, with a key focus on the Uniform Civil Code (UCC).
• Term Duration: September 1, 2024 – August 31, 2027
• Key Policy Review: To re-examine UCC consultations initiated by the 22nd Commission and prepare a final report.
• Legal Reform Scope: To address outdated laws, enhance legal clarity, and promote uniformity in civil legislation.
• Public Engagement: To consult with stakeholders including civil society, academics, and policymakers for inclusive legal recommendations.

Important Terms Explained:

• 23rd Law Commission of India: A statutory body constituted for legal reform recommendations; currently chaired by Justice Dinesh Maheshwari.
• Justice Dinesh Maheshwari: Former Supreme Court judge, appointed Chairperson of the 23rd Law Commission in April 2025.
• Uniform Civil Code (UCC): A proposal to enact a common set of civil laws for all citizens, regardless of religion, covering marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption.
• Ex-officio Members: Officials from the Department of Legal Affairs and the Legislative Department, automatically included in the Commission.
• Honorarium: Fixed monthly compensation to retired members serving in advisory or consultative roles (₹2.5 lakh for Chairperson; ₹2.25 lakh for full-time members).

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs April 21

11. What is the projected renewable energy capacity planned for Amaravati to meet its future energy needs?
A) 1,000 MW
B) 2,700 MW
C) 5,000 MW
D) 3,500 MW
E) 2,000 MW
Answer: B) 2,700 MW

Event and Location:

• Event: Development of Amaravati as the World’s First Fully Renewable-Powered City
• Date: April 21, 2025 (Announcement/Update)
• Location: Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Goal: To establish Amaravati as the world’s first city fully powered by renewable energy.
• Clean Energy Target: To generate 2,700 MW of electricity from solar, wind, and hydropower sources.
• Infrastructure Vision: To implement smart urban planning focused on energy efficiency, green buildings, and electric mobility.
• Sustainability Strategy: To reduce carbon emissions and fossil fuel dependence by integrating net metering, district cooling, and solar rooftop mandates.
• Global Relevance: To serve as a climate-conscious urban model that aligns with India’s international climate commitments.

Important Terms Explained:

• Amaravati: The planned capital city of Andhra Pradesh, envisioned as a greenfield smart city emphasizing 100% renewable energy use.
• District Cooling System: An energy-efficient centralized cooling solution that uses chilled water to cool multiple buildings, reducing electricity use and greenhouse gas emissions.
• Net Metering: A mechanism that allows buildings to feed excess solar energy back into the grid, promoting decentralized energy production.
• Green Building Norms: Construction standards aimed at minimizing environmental impact through energy-efficient designs, resource optimization, and low-carbon materials.
• APCRDA (Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority): The planning and development agency overseeing Amaravati’s infrastructure projects and sustainability initiatives.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs April 21

12. Which of the following aircraft has the Indian Air Force deployed for Exercise Desert Flag-10 in the UAE?
A) Rafale and Sukhoi Su-30MKI
B) Tejas and Mirage 2000
C) MiG-29 and Jaguar
D) F-16 and Tejas
E) MiG-21 and Hawk
Answer: C) MiG-29 and Jaguar

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian Air Force Participation in Exercise Desert Flag-10
• Date: April 21 to May 8, 2025
• Location: Al Dhafra Air Base, United Arab Emirates

Mandates and Objectives:

• Exercise Aim: To simulate realistic and complex air combat scenarios for enhancing operational preparedness.
• Operational Goals: To conduct air-to-air, air-to-ground, and combat search and rescue missions under diverse and challenging conditions.
• Strategic Objective: To promote interoperability and improve military coordination with participating nations.
• Knowledge Exchange: To learn from global best practices and adopt innovative tactical approaches to aerial warfare.
• Diplomatic Purpose: To strengthen defense ties and strategic engagement with Middle Eastern and allied nations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Exercise Desert Flag-10: A prestigious multinational air combat exercise hosted by the UAE involving twelve countries, including India.
• Interoperability: The capability of different military forces to operate together effectively using compatible procedures, systems, and communications.
• MiG-29: A multi-role fighter jet used by the IAF known for its air superiority performance.
• Jaguar Aircraft: A ground attack aircraft used by the IAF for precision strikes in tactical operations.
• Al Dhafra Air Base: A key military air base in the UAE serving as the venue for multinational exercises such as Desert Flag.

Tabular Summary:

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13. INS Sunayna’s port call at Nacala Port in 2025 was part of which broader Indian maritime initiative?
A) Indo-Pacific Outlook Mission
B) Indian Ocean Rim Cooperation
C) SAMPADA Mission
D) SAGAR Mission
E) Project Mausam
Answer: D) SAGAR Mission

Event and Location:

• Event: INS Sunayna’s Port Call at Nacala Port, Mozambique
• Date: April 17, 2025
• Location: Nacala Port, Mozambique

Mandates and Objectives:

• Strategic Objective: To enhance India-Africa maritime cooperation through operational deployments under the SAGAR initiative.
• Capacity Building Goal: To promote joint surveillance, training, and interoperability with regional naval forces.
• Diplomatic Engagement: To strengthen bilateral ties through naval diplomacy and community interactions.
• Security Mission: To patrol Mozambique’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and promote regional maritime domain awareness.
• Regional Vision: To operationalize India’s Security and Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) vision in the Western Indian Ocean.

Important Terms Explained:

• INS Sunayna: An Indian Navy offshore patrol vessel deployed under the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR mission to strengthen regional maritime partnerships.
• SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region): A maritime strategic vision launched by India in 2015 to ensure regional cooperation, peace, and prosperity in the Indian Ocean Region.
• AIKEYME 25: The first India-Africa maritime partnership exercise, held in Tanzania in 2025, aimed at enhancing multilateral naval collaboration.
• Nacala Port: A deepwater port in northern Mozambique, strategically located for regional shipping and maritime security.
• Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ): A sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, extending up to 200 nautical miles from the coast, over which a state has rights for exploring and managing resources.

Tabular Summary:

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14. What is the name of the European Union’s naval operation launched in 2008 to counter piracy in the Western Indian Ocean?
A) Operation Ocean Shield
B) Operation IRINI
C) Operation Safe Horizon
D) Operation ATALANTA
E) Operation Triton
Answer: D) Operation ATALANTA

Event and Location:

• Event: EUNAVFOR Operation ATALANTA Maritime Security Mission
• Date: Ongoing since 2008, mandate extended until February 2027
• Location: Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea Region

Mandates and Objectives:

• Initial Objective: To deter, prevent, and repress piracy off the coast of Somalia.
• Expanded Responsibilities: To protect World Food Programme (WFP) vessels, monitor illegal fishing, and counter maritime trafficking.
• Humanitarian Goal: To ensure safe passage for aid shipments to Somalia and neighboring countries.
• Collaborative Engagement: To foster partnerships with countries like India for joint anti-piracy exercises and intelligence sharing.
• Development Support: To contribute to long-term maritime stability by addressing root causes through capacity building and governance initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• Operation ATALANTA: The European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) mission launched in 2008 to combat piracy and enhance maritime security in the Horn of Africa and surrounding waters.
• EUNAVFOR: The EU’s naval mission framework, currently operational in the Indian Ocean, with mandates extending to piracy, illegal fishing, and humanitarian support.
• World Food Programme (WFP): A UN organization whose aid vessels are safeguarded by Operation ATALANTA during transit through piracy-prone regions.
• Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing: Unauthorized fishing that depletes marine life and destabilizes coastal economies, now a focus area of ATALANTA.
• SAGAR (India): India’s regional maritime vision aligned with Security and Growth for All in the Region, often intersecting with global operations like ATALANTA.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 21

15. At GITEX Africa 2025, which Indian digital platform was highlighted for onboarding over one crore users in just over one and a half years?
A) DigiLocker
B) Aadhaar
C) DIKSHA
D) Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH)
E) ONDC
Answer: D) Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH)

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s Participation at GITEX Africa 2025
• Date: April 17–19, 2025
• Location: Marrakesh, Morocco

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Goal: To showcase India’s leadership in Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and promote inclusive digital growth.
• Global Outreach: To foster India-Africa technological collaboration through sharing of open-source digital models.
• Skilling Focus: To highlight India’s advancements in digital skilling through platforms like Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH).
• Innovation Advocacy: To promote India’s role in emerging fields like AI, fintech, cybersecurity, and e-governance.
• Bilateral Diplomacy: To strengthen ties with African nations, especially Morocco, through discussions on education, skills, and innovation.

Important Terms Explained:

• GITEX Africa 2025: Africa’s largest tech and startup exhibition held in Marrakesh, Morocco, aimed at fostering global innovation and cooperation.
• Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI): Technology systems developed by governments to deliver public services digitally, including platforms like Aadhaar, UPI, ONDC, and SIDH.
• Skill India Digital Hub (SIDH): A comprehensive digital ecosystem for skilling that onboarded over 1 crore users in 1.5 years, facilitating access to training and job opportunities.
• AI Stanford Index 2025: A global benchmarking report referenced to show India’s 33.39% YoY growth in AI talent hiring, demonstrating the country’s rising prominence in AI.
• India-Africa Tech Partnership: A strategic cooperation model where India supports African nations in building DPI using open-source frameworks and shared knowledge.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 21

16. Which urban wetland in Maharashtra was recently declared a conservation reserve due to its ecological importance for flamingos?
A) Powai Lake
B) Lonar Lake
C) DPS Flamingo Lake
D) Salim Ali Lake
E) Rankala Lake
Answer: C) DPS Flamingo Lake

Event and Location:

• Event: Declaration of DPS Flamingo Lake as a Conservation Reserve
• Date: April 21, 2025 (Announcement)
• Location: Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra

Mandates and Objectives:

• Conservation Goal: To protect DPS Flamingo Lake as a critical habitat supporting migratory flamingos and wetland biodiversity.
• Ecological Connectivity: To ensure habitat continuity with Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary and nearby wetlands.
• Crisis Response: To prevent ecological degradation caused by construction-related tidal blockage.
• Urban Sustainability: To balance wildlife protection with Navi Mumbai’s urban development and infrastructure projects.
• Aviation Safety: To mitigate bird strike risks near Navi Mumbai International Airport by preserving appropriate wildlife habitats away from flight paths.

Important Terms Explained:

• DPS Flamingo Lake: A 30-acre wetland in Navi Mumbai now designated as a conservation reserve, forming a vital part of the flamingo migratory habitat network.
• Thane Creek Flamingo Sanctuary: A protected sanctuary near Mumbai that houses tens of thousands of flamingos seasonally and serves as the core area of the larger wetland ecosystem.
• Conservation Reserve: A protected area declared under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, for community or privately-owned lands to protect habitats and biodiversity.
• Tidal Inlet Blockage: A human-induced disruption that restricted water flow into DPS Flamingo Lake, resulting in the death of 17 flamingos and triggering restoration and conservation action.
• Navi Mumbai International Airport (NMIA): A major infrastructure project near the conservation area, requiring coordinated wildlife management to prevent aviation safety risks.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which new legislation has Telangana introduced in 2025 to reform land governance and address the shortcomings of the Dharani portal?
A) Telangana Grama Nyaya Act
B) Telangana Land Justice Act
C) Telangana Land Digitisation and Record Act
D) Telangana Bhu Bharati Act
E) Telangana Grameen Bhoomi Adhikar Act
Answer: D) Telangana Bhu Bharati Act

Event and Location:

• Event: Enactment of Telangana Bhu Bharati (Record of Rights) Act, 2025
• Date: April 21, 2025 (Announcement)
• Location: Telangana, India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Aim: To create a transparent, efficient, and citizen-centric land administration system.
• Grievance Resolution: To replace the centralised court-centric model with a two-tier redressal system at the mandal and district levels.
• Error Correction: To provide mechanisms for rectifying land record errors including ownership mismatches and incorrect classifications.
• Cost-Free Access: To eliminate service charges for grievance redressal and provide free services to farmers and rural landholders.
• Land Rights Formalisation: To legally recognise traditional sale agreements like sada bainamas and ensure timely inheritance mutations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bhu Bharati Act: A landmark land governance reform law introduced in Telangana in 2025 to correct flaws of the earlier Dharani portal system.
• Dharani Portal: A digital platform launched in 2020 for land records and transactions that faced criticism for data inaccuracies and centralised grievance handling.
• Sada Bainama: An unregistered sale agreement, traditionally used in rural areas, often lacking legal recognition prior to this Act.
• Two-Tier Grievance System: A new model where complaints are first handled by the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) and then, if unresolved, escalated to the District Collector.
• Mutation of Hereditary Properties: Legal update of ownership in land records following the death of the owner, now made automatic and streamlined under the Act.

Tabular Summary:

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18. What is the main objective of Bihar’s “Mahila Samvad” campaign launched in 2025?
A) Promoting girl child education through financial incentives
B) Creating employment opportunities for women in the tech sector
C) Connecting women with welfare schemes and promoting dialogue with the government
D) Providing legal aid to women affected by domestic violence
E) Offering microloans to rural women entrepreneurs
Answer: C) Connecting women with welfare schemes and promoting dialogue with the government

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Mahila Samvad Campaign
• Date: April 2025 (Announcement by Chief Minister)
• Location: Bihar, India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Goal: To connect women—especially in rural Bihar—with government welfare schemes and enable their active participation in governance.
• Empowerment Focus: To educate women on healthcare, education, livelihood, and social protection schemes.
• Grievance Redressal: To allow direct interaction with officials for resolving grievances and gathering feedback.
• Policy Shaping: To collect grassroots-level suggestions from women for future policy reforms.
• Awareness Building: To bridge the information gap using technology and localized communication methods.

Important Terms Explained:

• Mahila Samvad Campaign: A state-wide women’s empowerment initiative launched in Bihar aimed at promoting awareness, policy dialogue, and feedback collection among women.
• Women Dialogue Vehicles: Specially equipped vehicles with LED screens, audio-visual systems, and interactive tools used to disseminate scheme information and collect live feedback in local dialects.
• Two Crore Women Target: The campaign aims to engage over 20 million women across Bihar through outreach programs in 70,000 rural and semi-urban locations.
• Inclusive Governance: A participatory model where women’s views are integrated into public decision-making and development planning.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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