Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

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April 12 & 13 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

1. When will Baisakhi (Vaisakhi) be celebrated in the year 2025?
A) April 12, 2025
B) April 13, 2025
C) April 14, 2025
D) April 15, 2025
E) April 16, 2025
Answer: C) April 14, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Baisakhi 2025 Celebration.
• Date: April 14, 2025.
• Location: Celebrated across Punjab and North India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Harvest Festival: Marks the beginning of the harvest season and a time of gratitude for farmers.
• Sikh New Year: Celebrated as the New Year in Sikh tradition.
• Religious Importance: Commemorates the founding of the Khalsa by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699.
• Cultural Unity: Promotes togetherness through traditional music, dance, and food.

Important Terms Explained:

• Baisakhi/Vaisakhi: A significant Sikh and Hindu festival that celebrates harvest and spiritual renewal, generally observed on April 13 or 14 every year.
• Vaishakhi Sankranti: Astrological transition marking the Sun’s movement into Aries; occurs on April 13, 2025, at 09:30 PM.
• Khalsa: A spiritual and military group of initiated Sikhs founded by Guru Gobind Singh at Anandpur Sahib in 1699 to uphold righteousness.
• Guru Gobind Singh: The 10th Sikh Guru, who initiated the Khalsa and declared the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru.
• Guru Granth Sahib: The central religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded as the eternal living Guru after Guru Gobind Singh.

Tabular Summary:

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2. When will Hanuman Jayanti be celebrated in the year 2025?
A) April 10, 2025
B) April 11, 2025
C) April 12, 2025
D) April 13, 2025
E) April 14, 2025
Answer: C) April 12, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Hanuman Jayanti 2025.
• Date: April 12, 2025.
• Location: Celebrated across India and in Hindu communities worldwide.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Spiritual Celebration: Marks the birth of Lord Hanuman, a key figure in Hindu mythology.
• Religious Significance: Encourages devotion, strength, courage, and loyalty among followers.
• Devotional Practices: Devotees engage in fasting, visiting temples, and reciting Hanuman Chalisa and Sundar Kand.
• Community Unity: Promotes spiritual unity and shared cultural values through collective prayers and offerings.

Important Terms Explained:

• Hanuman Jayanti: A Hindu festival celebrating the birth of Lord Hanuman, observed on Chaitra Purnima (full moon day of Chaitra month).
• Purnima Tithi: The lunar phase of the full moon, significant in many Hindu festivals and rituals.
• Lord Hanuman: Considered the 11th incarnation of Lord Shiva, son of Anjana and Kesari, and spiritually born through the blessings of the wind god Vayu.
• Hanuman Chalisa: A 40-verse devotional hymn written by Tulsidas in praise of Lord Hanuman, widely recited by devotees.
• Sundar Kand: A chapter from the epic Ramayana focusing on Hanuman’s heroic journey to Lanka and his devotion to Lord Rama.
• Ramayana: An ancient Indian epic that tells the story of Lord Rama, with Hanuman playing a crucial role in the rescue of Sita.

Tabular Summary:

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3. On which date did the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre take place in Amritsar, Punjab?
A) April 10, 1919
B) April 11, 1919
C) April 12, 1919
D) April 13, 1919
E) April 14, 1919
Answer: D) April 13, 1919

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
• Date: April 13, 1919.
• Location: Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Freedom Protest: Indians gathered to protest peacefully against the Rowlatt Act.
• British Suppression: The British aimed to suppress any signs of uprising by force.
• Political Control: Intended to instill fear and control over the Indian population through military action.
• Public Gathering Significance: The protest coincided with Baisakhi, attracting large numbers of villagers to Amritsar.

Important Terms Explained:

• Rowlatt Act (1919): A repressive law passed by the British, allowing arrest and detention of Indians without trial; triggered nationwide unrest.
• General Reginald Dyer: British officer who ordered the firing at the unarmed gathering in Jallianwala Bagh without warning.
• Hunter Commission: A British-led inquiry committee formed to investigate the massacre; found fault with Dyer but gave no legal punishment.
• Rabindranath Tagore: Nobel Laureate who returned his knighthood as a mark of protest against the massacre.
• Udham Singh: Indian revolutionary who assassinated Michael O’ Dwyer in 1940 in London, seeking revenge for the massacre.
• Michael O’ Dwyer: Lieutenant Governor of Punjab during the massacre, considered responsible for supporting Dyer’s actions.

Tabular Summary:

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4. On which date will Vishu, the Malayalam New Year, be celebrated in 2025?
A) April 12, 2025
B) April 13, 2025
C) April 14, 2025
D) April 15, 2025
E) April 16, 2025
Answer: C) April 14, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Vishu 2025 – Malayalam New Year Celebration.
• Date: April 14, 2025 (Monday).
• Location: Mainly celebrated in Kerala and parts of Tamil Nadu.

Mandates and Objectives:

• New Beginnings: Vishu marks the beginning of the Malayalam New Year and symbolizes a fresh start.
• Cultural Tradition: Emphasizes rituals, spiritual practices, and celebration of familial bonds.
• Astrological Importance: Marks the movement of the sun into Mesha Rashi (Aries), symbolizing balance and renewal.
• Spiritual Practice: Vishu encourages devotion, gratitude, and prosperity for the year ahead.

Important Terms Explained:

• Vishu: A Hindu festival celebrating the Malayalam New Year, observed in Kerala and parts of Tamil Nadu. The term originates from Sanskrit, meaning “equal,” referring to the time around the spring equinox.
• Vishu Kani: The ritual of viewing an auspicious arrangement as the first sight on Vishu morning, believed to bring prosperity. The ideal time to view it in 2025 is at 03:30 AM.
• Vishukkani Arrangement: A display featuring items like fruits, vegetables, golden Konna flowers, a holy book, coins, mirror (Valakku), and lamp (Nilavilakku), placed in a vessel (Uruli) before the deity.
• Kaineettam: A tradition where elders gift money to the younger family members as blessings.
• Sadya: A grand traditional vegetarian feast prepared during Vishu.
• Lord Krishna and Narakasura: Mythological belief that Lord Krishna defeated the demon Narakasura on this day, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

5. When was cricket officially approved by the IOC for inclusion in the Los Angeles 2028 Olympic Games?
A) April 6, 2025
B) April 8, 2025
C) April 9, 2025
D) April 10, 2025
E) April 11, 2025
Answer: C) April 9, 2025

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Cricket approved for inclusion in Los Angeles 2028 Olympic Games.
• Date: April 9, 2025.
• Location: Los Angeles, USA (Olympic venue).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Olympic Inclusion: Cricket returns to the Olympics after a 128-year gap to increase global reach and appeal.
• Format Chosen: T20 format selected for its compactness and popularity across genders.
• Gender Equality: Equal representation with six teams each for men’s and women’s categories.
• Global Promotion: Boosts cricket’s visibility and development beyond traditional cricketing nations.

Important Terms Explained:

• T20 Format: A fast-paced cricket format with each team playing 20 overs, ideal for limited-time competitions like the Olympics.
• International Olympic Committee (IOC): Governing body responsible for organizing and approving events for the Olympic Games.
• Athlete Quota: A pre-defined limit on the number of athletes per gender; 90 men and 90 women for cricket in LA 2028.
• Last Olympic Appearance: Cricket’s only previous Olympic match was at the 1900 Paris Olympics between Great Britain and France.
• 128-Year Gap: Cricket’s re-entry into the Olympics marks a return after more than a century, reflecting its growing global stature.
• Additional Sports Added: Baseball/Softball, Flag Football, Lacrosse (Sixes), and Squash were also approved for LA 2028 alongside cricket.

Tabular Summary:

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6. Who became the first player in IPL history to hit a combined total of 1000 fours and sixes?
A) Rohit Sharma
B) David Warner
C) Shikhar Dhawan
D) Virat Kohli
E) KL Rahul
Answer: D) Virat Kohli

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Virat Kohli becomes first player to hit 1000 boundaries in IPL.
• Date: April 2025.
• Location: M Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Historic Milestone: Achieved to mark the highest number of cumulative boundaries (fours and sixes) by a player in IPL history.
• Career Legacy: Strengthens Kohli’s stature as one of the greatest T20 players of all time.
• Record Benchmark: Sets a new standard in IPL batting records for future players to chase.
• IPL Impact: Highlights consistency and power-hitting across multiple seasons.

Important Terms Explained:

• Boundaries: In cricket, fours and sixes are collectively referred to as boundaries; a four is scored when the ball reaches the boundary after touching the ground, and a six when it crosses the boundary on the full.
• Indian Premier League (IPL): One of the world’s premier franchise T20 cricket leagues, launched in 2008.
• Royal Challengers Bengaluru (RCB): The IPL franchise team Virat Kohli represents. Formerly known as Royal Challengers Bangalore.
• Virat Kohli: Former Indian captain, key batter for RCB, and one of the all-time highest run-scorers in IPL.
• Vipraj Nigam: DC bowler who dismissed Kohli in the match.
• Leading Boundary Scorers: Shikhar Dhawan (920), David Warner (899), and Rohit Sharma (885), behind Kohli.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

7. Who was known as “Vanajeevi” and awarded the Padma Shri in 2017 for planting over one crore saplings?
A) Sundarlal Bahuguna
B) Jadav Payeng
C) Daripalli Ramaiah
D) Medha Patkar
E) Anil Agarwal
Answer: C) Daripalli Ramaiah

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Death of Padma Shri awardee Daripalli Ramaiah.
• Date: April 2025.
• Location: Reddipalli village, Khammam district, Telangana.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Environmental Conservation: Ramaiah dedicated his life to afforestation by planting saplings across Telangana.
• Ecological Awareness: Promoted the belief that human survival is deeply connected with nature.
• Grassroots Impact: Encouraged individuals, especially the youth, to actively engage in environmental sustainability.
• Community Involvement: Transformed individual plantation efforts into a widespread societal movement.

Important Terms Explained:

• Vanajeevi: A title meaning “Forest Man” or “One with the Forest,” given to Ramaiah for his tireless tree plantation efforts.
• Chettu Ramaiah: Another nickname meaning “Tree Ramaiah,” symbolizing his lifelong dedication to planting trees.
• Padma Shri: India’s fourth-highest civilian award, presented to Ramaiah in 2017 by then-President Pranab Mukherjee for his environmental contributions.
• Green Crusader: A term used to describe activists who work at the grassroots level to protect the environment.
• Khammam District: A region in Telangana where Ramaiah carried out most of his tree plantation activities.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

8. Which airport was ranked as the World’s Best Airport in the Skytrax World Airport Awards 2025?
A) Hamad International Airport
B) Tokyo International Airport
C) Incheon International Airport
D) Singapore Changi Airport
E) Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
Answer: D) Singapore Changi Airport

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Skytrax World Airport Awards 2025.
• Date: April 9, 2025.
• Location: Madrid, Spain.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Award Purpose: To recognize and reward excellence in the global airport industry.
• Assessment Parameters: Based on 39 performance indicators like check-in, arrivals, transfers, shopping, security, cleanliness, immigration, and boarding.
• Customer-Centric Evaluation: Determined entirely by passenger feedback collected globally.
• Reputation: Considered one of the most prestigious accolades in global aviation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Skytrax World Airport Awards: Annual awards by UK-based consultancy Skytrax, known for independent airport and airline reviews. Recognized worldwide for evaluating passenger experiences at over 550 airports.
• Singapore Changi Airport: Known for its iconic Jewel Changi Mall, the world’s largest indoor waterfall, indoor gardens, cinemas, and aviation museums. Winner of additional categories: Best Airport Dining, Best Airport Washrooms, and Best Airport in Asia.
• Hamad International Airport: Located in Doha, Qatar. Recognized for luxury shopping and world-class amenities. Named Best Airport in the Middle East and won Best Airport Shopping.
• Tokyo International Airport (Haneda): Japan’s busiest domestic airport. Won Best Domestic Airport, World’s Cleanest Airport (Major Category), and Best PRM & Accessible Facilities.
• PRM Facilities: Facilities designed for Persons with Reduced Mobility, ensuring accessibility in airports.
• Jewel Changi Mall: A multi-use complex connected to Singapore Changi Airport featuring nature-themed attractions and retail experiences.

Top Ranked Airports 2025:

• Singapore Changi Airport: Ranked World’s Best Airport 2025, winning the title for the 13th time; also won Best Airport Dining, Best Airport Washrooms, and Best Airport in Asia.
• Hamad International Airport (Qatar): Ranked 2nd globally; awarded Best Airport in the Middle East and Best Airport Shopping; previously won World’s Best Airport three times.
• Tokyo International Airport – Haneda (Japan): Ranked 3rd globally; won Best Domestic Airport, World’s Cleanest Airport (Major Category), and Best PRM & Accessible Facilities; handles over 70 million passengers annually.

Awards for Indian Airports:

• Delhi IGI Airport: Named Best Airport in India & South Asia.
• Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru: Won Best Regional Airport in India & South Asia.
• Hyderabad Airport: Awarded Best Airport Staff Service in India & South Asia.
• Goa Manohar International Airport: Declared Cleanest Airport in India & South Asia (under 5 million passengers category).

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

9. What liquidity measures did the RBI announce to support the banking system on April 17, 2025?
A) ₹2 lakh crore Cash Reserve Buffer
B) ₹40,000 crore CRR cut and ₹1.5 lakh crore OMO
C) ₹1.5 lakh crore VRR and ₹40,000 crore OMO purchase
D) ₹1.5 lakh crore Repo Purchase and ₹50,000 crore OMO
E) ₹2.5 lakh crore G-Sec Operation
Answer: C) ₹1.5 lakh crore VRR and ₹40,000 crore OMO purchase

Event and Location:

• Event Name: RBI announces liquidity measures through VRR and OMO.
• Date: April 17, 2025 (Auction date).
• Location: India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Liquidity Support: To maintain system liquidity at 1% of the net demand and time liabilities (NDTL).
• Market Operations: RBI uses these tools to manage temporary liquidity surplus or deficit in the banking system.
• Offset GST Outflows: Aimed at countering liquidity pressure from GST outflows typically seen around the 20th of each month.
• Transmission of Rates: To ensure effective monetary policy transmission by aligning liquidity with interest rate movements.

Important Terms Explained:

• VRR (Variable Rate Repo): A liquidity operation under which the RBI lends funds to banks for a specified period against eligible collateral at a variable rate decided via auction.
• OMO (Open Market Operation): Purchase or sale of government securities in the open market by the RBI to regulate liquidity.
• NDTL (Net Demand and Time Liabilities): The basis on which reserve requirements like CRR and SLR are calculated.
• System Liquidity: The overall liquidity available in the banking system for lending and other financial activities.
• GST Outflows: Monthly tax payments that lead to liquidity outflows from the banking system, typically around the 20th of each month.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

10. Which fintech company launched the Turbo UPI plugin to simplify in-app digital payments in India?
A) Paytm
B) Razorpay
C) PhonePe
D) Google Pay
E) BharatPe
Answer: B) Razorpay

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Launch of Razorpay Turbo UPI Plugin.
• Date: April 9, 2025.
• Location: India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Frictionless Payments: Turbo UPI aims to eliminate redirection to external apps, allowing seamless in-app transactions.
• Enhanced User Experience: Designed to reduce payment failures and improve transaction speed and reliability.
• Business Efficiency: Helps digital businesses increase payment success rates and reduce cart drop-offs.
• National UPI Adoption: Supports nationwide expansion and adoption of UPI payments, especially for digital-first businesses.

Important Terms Explained:

• Turbo UPI Plugin: An advanced UPI solution by Razorpay enabling users to complete payments within an app, without redirection.
• NPCI BHIM Services Limited (NBSL): A wholly owned subsidiary of NPCI managing BHIM and related UPI innovations; partner in this initiative.
• Axis Bank: Banking partner in the Turbo UPI integration, supporting the backend transaction process.
• BHIM Vega Platform: A next-generation UPI platform focused on speed and reliability, using smart routing to ensure higher success rates.
• Redirection Elimination: Traditionally, UPI transactions required switching apps; Turbo UPI removes this step, enhancing user conversion.
• Optimized Routing: If one bank fails to complete a transaction, another is automatically selected — increasing reliability.

Tabular Summary:

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11. What was the growth rate of India’s Index of Industrial Production (IIP) in February 2025, marking a six-month low?
A) 4.0%
B) 3.6%
C) 1.6%
D) 2.9%
E) 2.1%
Answer: D) 2.9%

Event and Location:

• Event Name: India’s Industrial Production slows to a six-month low.
• Date: February 2025 (Data reported in April 2025).
• Location: Nationwide (India).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Industrial Output Assessment: The objective was to evaluate sector-wise performance under the Index of Industrial Production (IIP).
• Growth Tracking: The IIP serves as a critical barometer of the industrial sector’s health, reflecting output trends in mining, manufacturing, and electricity.
• Economic Monitoring: To identify sector-specific bottlenecks and align policy response with production dynamics.
• Use-Based Classification Insight: Facilitates detailed segmentation to assess investment and consumption-led production shifts.

Important Terms Explained:

• Index of Industrial Production (IIP): A composite indicator published monthly by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), measuring the short-term changes in the volume of production across industrial sectors.
• High Base Effect: A statistical phenomenon where current growth appears subdued due to elevated figures in the corresponding period of the previous year.
• Capital Goods: Durable goods used in the production of other goods and services; a key indicator of investment activity.
• Consumer Non-Durables: Goods with a short shelf life consumed quickly, indicative of household consumption trends.
• Intermediate Goods: Products used as inputs in the production of final goods; reflect the momentum of industrial supply chains.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

12. Which air-launched weapon did DRDO successfully test from a Su-30 MKI in April 2025?
A) Pralay Missile
B) Sudarshan LGB
C) Garuda Glide Bomb
D) Gaurav Glide Bomb
E) Astra Mk-II
Answer: D) Gaurav Glide Bomb

Event and Location:

• Event Name: DRDO conducts release trials of LRGB ‘Gaurav’ from Su-30 MKI.
• Date: April 8–10, 2025.
• Location: Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Weapon Validation: To demonstrate the performance and precision of the indigenously developed LRGB ‘Gaurav’.
• Indigenous Capability: Strengthen India’s self-reliance in air-launched precision weapons.
• Operational Enhancement: Enhance the Indian Air Force’s strike capabilities with high-range and high-accuracy bombs.
• Multi-Configuration Integration: Validate integration across multiple aircraft stations with varied warhead setups.

Important Terms Explained:

• Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB): A category of precision-guided bombs capable of gliding over long distances after release, offering stand-off strike capability.
• Gaurav: Indigenously developed 1,000 kg-class LRGB with near-100 km range and high accuracy, developed by DRDO labs.
• Su-30 MKI: Twin-jet multirole air superiority fighter aircraft used by the Indian Air Force; serves as the launch platform for Gaurav.
• Research Centre Imarat (RCI): DRDO lab responsible for avionics and navigation systems development.
• Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE): DRDO lab focusing on conventional armament systems.
• Integrated Test Range (ITR): DRDO’s missile testing facility at Chandipur, Odisha.
• CEMILAC: Certifies airworthiness of military aircraft and systems.
• DGAQA: Ensures quality assurance for aeronautical stores in India’s defence sector.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

13. Which country recently became the first African nation to sign the International Solar Alliance’s Country Partnership Framework (CPF)?
A) Kenya
B) Egypt
C) Mauritius
D) South Africa
E) Nigeria
Answer: C) Mauritius

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Mauritius signs Country Partnership Framework with ISA.
• Date: April 2025.
• Location: Mauritius.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Solar Collaboration Framework: The Country Partnership Framework (CPF) aims to deepen cooperation between Mauritius and ISA on solar energy programs.
• Long-Term Planning: CPF provides a structured medium- and long-term roadmap to help countries achieve solar energy goals.
• Clean Energy Commitment: The agreement supports Mauritius in transitioning to clean energy with a focus on solar.
• Strategic Development: CPF enables the design of a Country Partnership Strategy (CPS) tailored to Mauritius’ energy priorities.

Important Terms Explained:

• Country Partnership Framework (CPF): A strategic document developed by ISA to formalize cooperation with member countries over medium and long terms, focusing on energy security and clean energy.
• Country Partnership Strategy (CPS): A nation-specific roadmap that outlines key areas of solar collaboration based on national priorities.
• International Solar Alliance (ISA): A treaty-based intergovernmental organization launched in 2015 by India and France during COP21 to promote global solar adoption, especially in tropical regions.
• Key Solar Technologies: Includes floating solar power plants, rooftop solar systems, and solar-powered water pumping, all targeted under Mauritius’ CPF.
• ISA’s Clean Energy Goal: To mobilize USD 1 trillion in solar investments by 2030.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which organization is considering alternative payment platforms independent of SWIFT, as discussed by Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov?
A) G20
B) ASEAN
C) BRICS
D) SCO
E) QUAD
Answer: C) BRICS

Event and Location:

• Event Name: BRICS considers alternative payment platforms for trade in national currencies.
• Date: April 2025 (discussion reported).
• Location: Antalya Diplomacy Forum, Almaty.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Reduce SWIFT Dependency: BRICS is working on creating independent payment platforms that don’t rely on the SWIFT system.
• Trade in National Currencies: Promote direct trade using local currencies like Rupee and Ruble, especially between India and Russia.
• Global Access: Enable non-BRICS countries to access the payment mechanisms once they are established.
• Digital Integration: Discussion includes integration of Russia’s MIR and India’s RuPay payment systems to facilitate seamless transactions.

Important Terms Explained:

• SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication): A global messaging network used by banks to securely transmit information and instructions for financial transactions.
• BRICS: A grouping of emerging economies — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — aimed at enhancing cooperation in various fields.
• MIR and RuPay: National payment card networks of Russia and India respectively, which are under discussion for integration.
• National Currency Trade: Conducting bilateral trade using each country’s own currency instead of relying on a third-party currency like the US dollar.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 12 & 13

15. Which of the following traditional products from Meghalaya recently received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in April 2025?
A) Muga Silk and Garo Shawls
B) Ryndia Silk and Khasi Handloom
C) Pashmina Wool and Eri Silk
D) Kanjeevaram Silk and Ryndia Shawls
E) Naga Textiles and Bamboo Handicrafts
Answer: B) Ryndia Silk and Khasi Handloom

Event and Location:

• Event Name: GI Tag granted for Ryndia Silk and Khasi Handloom.
• Date: April 7, 2025.
• Location: Meghalaya, India.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Textile Heritage Recognition: To preserve and promote Meghalaya’s indigenous weaving traditions.
• Legal Protection: Provides exclusive rights and safeguards against imitation.
• Market Access: Enhances both domestic and global market visibility for artisans.
• Cultural Pride: Strengthens regional identity and promotes indigenous craftsmanship.
• Economic Empowerment: Increases income opportunities for rural weavers and producers.

Important Terms Explained:

• Geographical Indication (GI) Tag: A legal sign used on products with a specific geographical origin possessing qualities or reputation due to that origin.
• Ryndia Silk: Hand-spun, organically produced Eri silk, naturally dyed and ethically sourced. Known for eco-friendliness and associated with Umden-Diwon region.
• Khasi Handloom: A traditional textile art form of the Khasi community, featuring unique weaves and natural dyes.
• Umden-Diwon: Recognized as Meghalaya’s first Eri Silk Village on February 12, 2021.
  Meghalaya Department of Textiles: Lead agency in GI application and coordination.
• NABARD: Provided strategic and financial support to promote rural artisans and infrastructure.
• Dr. Rajnikanth: Provided expert technical guidance throughout the GI recognition process.
• Meghalaya Ryndia Producers Association: Co-applicant and representative of local silk weavers.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which organization recently celebrated its 75th anniversary with a cultural event in Dhaka, Bangladesh?
A) Ministry of External Affairs
B) Sangeet Natak Akademi
C) ICCR
D) Sahitya Akademi
E) Indian Cultural Forum
Answer: C) ICCR

Event and Location:

• Event Name: 75th Anniversary Celebration of ICCR.
• Date: April 9, 2025.
• Location: Indian Cultural Centre, High Commission of India, Gulshan, Dhaka.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Cultural Promotion: ICCR works to promote India’s rich cultural heritage across the world.
• Diplomatic Engagement: Strengthens India’s international relations through cultural diplomacy.
• People-to-People Ties: Facilitates educational and artistic exchange programs with partner countries.
• Bilateral Cultural Growth: Enhances India-Bangladesh cultural ties through collaborative initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations): An autonomous body under the Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, established in 1950 to promote cultural relations globally.
• Indira Gandhi Cultural Centre (IGCC): ICCR’s cultural wing in Dhanmondi, Dhaka, established in 2011 to conduct Indian cultural programs in Bangladesh.
• Indian Cultural Centre (ICC): ICCR’s second center in Dhaka, opened in 2021 at Gulshan, focusing on enhancing bilateral cultural outreach.
• Lai Haraoba: A traditional Manipuri dance ritual showcasing the creation and evolution of life, performed by artists from Sylhet trained by Indian experts.
• Cultural Diplomacy: The practice of using cultural activities and exchanges to foster better international relationships and understanding.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which technology was recently announced to boost the frequency of Mumbai local train services by 30%?
A) Vande Bharat Technology
B) Kavach 4.0
C) Kavach 5.0
D) Suraksha Plus
E) Smart Rail 2.0
Answer: C) Kavach 5.0

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Announcement of Kavach 5.0 for Mumbai Suburban Railway.
• Date: April 2025 (Announcement made).
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Train Frequency Boost: Designed to reduce the time gap between trains, enabling 30% more services.
• Passenger Relief: Aims to ease congestion for Mumbai’s 80 lakh daily local train commuters.
• Enhanced Railway Safety: Automates braking to prevent collisions and overspeeding, especially during pilot error or adverse weather.
• Technology Upgrade: Represents the next evolution from Kavach 4.0, specifically tailored for Mumbai’s dense network.

Important Terms Explained:

• Kavach: An indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system that automatically applies brakes in case of overspeeding or signal passing.
• Kavach 5.0: The latest version, designed specifically for the Mumbai suburban railway, aims to significantly reduce train headway and increase operational efficiency.
• Train Headway: The time gap between two trains on the same track; reducing headway increases frequency.
• Suburban Rail Modernization: Infrastructure enhancement in phases—technology, physical systems, and operational services—supported by major capital investments.
• ATP (Automatic Train Protection): A safety system that ensures automatic braking in critical situations, enhancing overall rail safety and efficiency.

Tabular Summary:

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18. What is the name of the new wildlife sanctuary declared by Madhya Pradesh ahead of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s 134th birth anniversary?
A) Satpura Wildlife Sanctuary
B) Bhimrao Ambedkar Van Vihar
C) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Abhyaran
D) Sagar Biodiversity Reserve
E) Madhav Eco-Sanctuary
Answer: C) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Abhyaran

Event and Location:

• Event Name: Declaration of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Abhyaran Wildlife Sanctuary.
• Date: April 2025 (Announcement made ahead of April 14).
• Location: Sagar district, Madhya Pradesh.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Wildlife Conservation: Aims to preserve the biodiversity of the region by offering a protected habitat.
• Eco-Tourism Promotion: Supports sustainable tourism to generate local revenue and create job opportunities.
• Socio-Economic Upliftment: Designed to benefit nearby communities through employment and tourism-linked activities.
• Tribute to Ambedkar: Symbolically honors Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s legacy by aligning social reform with environmental conservation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Abhyaran: A newly declared wildlife sanctuary named after social reformer Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, spanning over 258.64 sq. km. in Sagar, Madhya Pradesh.
• Ambedkar Jayanti: Celebrated annually on April 14 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
• North Sagar Forest Division: The forest region that includes Banda and Shahgarh tehsils, now part of the sanctuary.
• Tiger State of India: Madhya Pradesh holds this title due to having the highest number of tigers and significant wildlife reserves in India.
• Eco-Tourism: A form of responsible travel to natural areas that helps conserve the environment and improve the well-being of local people.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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