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September 24 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Sports – Daily Current Affairs September 24

1. Where is India’s first-ever international beachside Pickleball tournament and music festival being held in 2025?
A) Goa
B) Chennai
C) Mumbai
D) Puducherry
E) Kochi
Answer: B) Chennai

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s First Beachside Pickleball Tournament & Music Festival
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: September 26–28, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Rise Up Championship (RUC) Foundation is hosting the first-ever international Pickleball by the Bay tournament, combining competitive sport with music and community activities.
• Objectives: To popularize pickleball in India, promote sports tourism, create a lifestyle-oriented sporting culture, and build international engagement through sports-entertainment fusion.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pickleball: A fast-growing paddle sport combining elements of tennis, badminton, and ping pong, played both indoors and outdoors on a badminton-sized court with a modified tennis net.
• RUC Foundation (Rise Up Championship Foundation): An initiative focused on elevating underrepresented sports in India through events, community engagement, and talent development.
• Sports Tourism: A form of travel which involves either observing or participating in a sporting event, becoming a growing sector within tourism.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs September 24

2. Which acclaimed Kannada novelist and philosopher, known for works like Vamshavruksha and Tabbaliyu Neenade Magane, passed away at the age of 94 in September 2025?
A) U R Ananthamurthy
B) Girish Karnad
C) K S Nissar Ahmed
D) S L Bhyrappa
E) Masti Venkatesha Iyengar
Answer: D) S L Bhyrappa

Event and Location:

• Event: Death of acclaimed Kannada novelist and philosopher S L Bhyrappa
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Date: September 25, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Kannada literary icon S L Bhyrappa passed away due to cardiac arrest at the age of 94.
• Objectives: To recognize the life, legacy, and philosophical contributions of a widely respected literary figure in Indian and Kannada literature.

Important Terms Explained:

• Padma Shri: The fourth-highest civilian award in India, awarded to Bhyrappa in 2016 for contributions to literature.
• Padma Bhushan: The third-highest civilian honor in India, given to Bhyrappa in 2023 for his distinguished service in literature.
• Saraswati Samman: A prestigious literary award presented by the K.K. Birla Foundation, received by Bhyrappa in 2010 for his contribution to Indian literature.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs September 24

3. In September 2025, which institution renewed its Statement of Commitment to the FX Global Code to align with international best practices in the foreign exchange market?
A) SEBI
B) Ministry of Finance
C) SBI
D) RBI
E) NABARD
Answer: D) RBI

Event and Location:

• Event: Renewal of Statement of Commitment by RBI to the FX Global Code
• Location: Mumbai, India
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) renewed its Statement of Commitment to the FX Global Code, confirming its adherence to principles of good practice in the wholesale foreign exchange (FX) market.
• Objectives: To ensure transparency, integrity, and effective functioning of India’s FX market in line with globally accepted principles and to demonstrate RBI’s role as a responsible and compliant market participant.

Important Terms Explained:

• FX Global Code: A set of global principles of good practice in the foreign exchange market, developed through collaboration between central banks and market participants, first released in 2017 and updated periodically to reflect evolving standards.
• Global Foreign Exchange Committee (GFXC): An international forum that maintains, promotes, and updates the FX Global Code, ensuring its relevance and adoption by public and private institutions.
• Statement of Commitment: A formal declaration made by market participants, including central banks, that they adhere to the principles of the FX Global Code in conducting their FX operations.

Tabular Summary:

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4. In September 2025, how many days of Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB) were approved by the Union Cabinet for railway employees?
A) 60 days
B) 70 days
C) 75 days
D) 78 days
E) 80 days
Answer: D) 78 days

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of 78-day Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB) to railway employees
• Location: Across Indian Railways network; announced in New Delhi
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Approval by the Union Cabinet for PLB equivalent to 78 days’ wages to 10,91,146 non-gazetted railway employees, with a total financial outlay of ₹1,865.68 crore.
• Objectives: To reward railway staff for their contribution in the record performance of Indian Railways in 2024–25 and to boost morale and motivation ahead of the Durga Puja/Dussehra festival season.

Important Terms Explained:

• Productivity Linked Bonus (PLB): A performance-based annual bonus paid to eligible government sector employees, especially in Indian Railways, based on operational productivity benchmarks.
• Group ‘C’ Staff: Non-gazetted personnel in Indian Railways which includes Loco Pilots, Track Maintainers, Station Masters, Technicians, Train Managers, Ministerial and Support Staff.
• Durga Puja/Dussehra Bonus Tradition: A long-standing practice in Indian Railways where the PLB is disbursed before major festivals as part of staff welfare and recognition.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 24

5. Which US-based healthcare company launched a Global Capability Centre (GCC) in Hyderabad with a $75 million investment plan by 2025?
A) Kaiser Permanente
B) UnitedHealth Group
C) HCA Healthcare
D) Mayo Clinic
E) CVS Health
Answer: C) HCA Healthcare

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of HCA Healthcare’s Global Capability Centre (GCC) in India
• Location: Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of the HCA Healthcare – India GCC in Hyderabad, with an investment of $75 million by end of 2025 and plans to scale its workforce to 3,000 employees by 2026.
• Objectives: To establish a strategic hub that drives digital transformation, operational excellence, and innovation to support HCA Healthcare’s global operations in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Capability Centre (GCC): A strategic offshore unit established by multinational companies to handle business operations such as IT, finance, HR, and R&D for their global network.
• HCA Healthcare: A leading US-based healthcare provider operating 192 hospitals and around 2,500 care sites across the US and UK, focused on delivering high-quality patient care.
• Investment in India’s Healthcare GCC ecosystem: Reflects the growing role of India in global healthcare and life sciences sectors, leveraging skilled talent, digital infrastructure, and cost-effective operations.

Tabular Summary:

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6. Which Indian PSU is planning to bulk purchase nuclear reactors as part of India’s target of 100 GW nuclear capacity by 2047?
A) BHEL
B) NHPC
C) SJVN
D) NTPC
E) Power Grid Corporation
Answer: D) NTPC

Event and Location:

• Event: NTPC proposes bulk procurement of nuclear reactors
• Location: New Delhi / Pan-India (nationwide energy infrastructure plan)
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: NTPC Ltd, India’s largest power producer, has sought government approval to bulk purchase nuclear reactors ranging from 700 MW to 1,730 MW, aiming to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels.
• Objectives: To contribute nearly one-third of India’s 100 GW nuclear capacity target by 2047, lower costs through bulk procurement, and support India’s energy transition toward low-carbon, round-the-clock power.

Important Terms Explained:

• NTPC Ltd (National Thermal Power Corporation): India’s largest state-run power utility company, traditionally coal-based, now diversifying into renewables and nuclear to meet net-zero and energy security goals.
• Nuclear Power Generation: A low-carbon, base-load power source gaining renewed global interest as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in long-term energy strategies.
• 100 GW Nuclear Target by 2047: A national strategic goal to significantly increase India’s nuclear power capacity from the current 8.8 GW to 100 GW by 2047—an 11x growth plan in alignment with Net Zero 2070 vision.

Tabular Summary:

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7. As per RBI data in September 2025, how much did Indian states collectively raise via State Government Securities (SGS) auction held on September 23?
A) ₹20,000 crore
B) ₹23,000 crore
C) ₹25,000 crore
D) ₹27,000 crore
E) ₹30,000 crore
Answer: C) ₹25,000 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: States raise ₹25,000 crore via auction of State Government Securities (SGS)
• Location: Pan-India (Participating states across India)
• Date: September 23, 2025 (Auction held); September 24, 2025 (Reported by RBI)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Conduct of a scheduled auction of State Government Securities (SGS) by RBI, wherein 11 states raised ₹25,000 crore out of a notified amount of ₹27,000 crore.
• Objectives: To enable state governments to mobilize long-term funds for capital expenditure, infrastructure development, and budgetary support, while offering market-based returns to investors.

Important Terms Explained:

• State Government Securities (SGS): Debt instruments issued by state governments to raise funds from the market; typically long-term bonds with fixed or variable interest rates.
• Cut-off Yield: The highest accepted yield (interest rate) at which bids are accepted in an auction. It represents the market-determined cost of borrowing for a state.
• Re-issue: A fresh issuance of a previously issued bond to raise more funds, rather than creating a new security; helps in liquidity and yield curve management.

Tabular Summary:

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8. As per MNRE’s latest report in 2025, what is India’s estimated ground-mounted solar power potential (DC capacity)?
A) 748 GW
B) 1,500 GW
C) 3,343 GW
D) 4,909 GW
E) 10,830 GW
Answer: C) 3,343 GW

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of updated national solar potential estimate by MNRE
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: September 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), through its nodal agency National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE), conducted a comprehensive assessment of India’s ground-mounted solar PV potential.
• Objectives: To provide a data-driven, high-resolution roadmap for guiding investments in solar infrastructure and accelerate the journey to 500 GW non-fossil fuel capacity under India’s clean energy transition targets.

Important Terms Explained:

• MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy): A central ministry in India responsible for the development and deployment of renewable energy sources including solar, wind, bioenergy, and hydro power.
• NISE (National Institute of Solar Energy): An autonomous institute under MNRE tasked with solar energy research and resource assessment.
• Ground-Mounted Solar PV (Photovoltaic): Solar power systems installed on land surfaces (typically wasteland or non-agricultural land) instead of rooftops, offering large-scale deployment capacity.
• Solar Irradiance: The amount of solar power received per unit area; key determinant for evaluating a region’s solar generation potential.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which bank has provided ₹1,100 crore refinancing to ACME Solar for its 300 MW renewable energy project in Rajasthan?
A) HDFC Bank
B) ICICI Bank
C) Punjab National Bank
D) State Bank of India
E) Bank of Baroda
Answer: D) State Bank of India

Event and Location:

• Event: ACME Solar secures ₹1,100 crore refinancing for 300 MW project
• Location: Rajasthan, India
• Date: September 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • ACME Solar has signed a refinancing deal with State Bank of India (SBI) worth ₹1,100 crore.
  • The refinancing covers a 300 MW renewable energy project in Rajasthan with ~6 months of operational track record.
• Objectives:
  • Reduce financing costs by approximately 100 basis points.
  • Strengthen the company’s credit profile and improve financial sustainability.
  • Align with broader plans for capacity expansion and capital optimization across the renewable energy portfolio.

Important Terms Explained:

• Refinancing: The process of replacing an existing loan with a new one to obtain better financial terms like lower interest rates or longer tenure.
• CUF (Capacity Utilization Factor): A measure of how effectively a power plant is producing electricity relative to its potential output.
• CRISIL AA- Rating: A high credit rating issued by CRISIL indicating low credit risk and strong debt servicing capacity.
• SBI (State Bank of India): India’s largest public-sector bank providing financial services including infrastructure and green energy project financing.

Tabular Summary:

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10. Which sector recorded the highest growth among India’s eight core industries in August 2025?
A) Cement
B) Coal
C) Electricity
D) Steel
E) Fertilizers
Answer: D) Steel

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s eight core industries grow by 6.3% in August 2025
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: September 23, 2025 (Data released)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Ministry of Commerce and Industry released data showing that the Index of Eight Core Industries (ICI) grew by 6.3% in August 2025.
  • Key sectors such as steel, coal, and cement drove the growth, while crude oil and natural gas showed contraction.
• Objectives:
  • To assess the health of India’s foundational industries and provide insight into overall industrial performance.
  • To monitor growth trends that significantly influence the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) and policy decisions.

Important Terms Explained:

• Index of Eight Core Industries (ICI):
  • An index measuring production performance of eight major infrastructure sectors: Coal, Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Refinery Products, Fertilizers, Steel, Cement, and Electricity.
  • These industries contribute 40.27% to the IIP.
• Index of Industrial Production (IIP):
  • A composite indicator tracking the volume of production in industrial sectors like manufacturing, mining, and electricity.
  • The IIP reflects the overall economic activity in the industrial domain.
• Office of Economic Adviser (OEA), DPIIT:
  • A division under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
  • Responsible for releasing the monthly ICI data.

Tabular Summary:

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Acquisitions and Mergers – Daily Current Affairs September 24

11. Which international bank has become the largest shareholder of Yes Bank after acquiring an additional 4.22% stake?
A) HSBC
B) Bank of America
C) Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
D) Citi Bank
E) State Bank of India
Answer: C) Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation

Event and Location:

• Event: SMBC becomes the largest shareholder in Yes Bank
• Location: Mumbai, India
• Date: September 22, 2025 (transaction date); September 23-24 (filing and market impact)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) acquired 132.39 crore shares (4.22%) in Yes Bank through an off-market transaction.
  • The acquisition was executed via Carlyle affiliate CA Basque.
  • SMBC’s stake in Yes Bank now stands at 24.22%, overtaking State Bank of India (SBI).
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen SMBC’s banking presence in India and consolidate its influence in Yes Bank.
  • Part of a long-term strategic investment in India’s private banking sector.

Important Terms Explained:

• SMBC (Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation): A leading Japanese multinational banking group and part of the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG).
• Off-Market Transaction: A deal where shares are transferred directly between two parties without going through the open stock market.
• Yes Bank: A private sector bank in India, previously rescued under a reconstruction scheme led by SBI and other investors in 2020.
• CA Basque: An affiliate of Carlyle Group used to facilitate this transaction for SMBC.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 24

12. Who has been appointed as the new Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of IndusInd Bank, effective September 22, 2025?
A) Santosh Kumar
B) Rajiv Anand
C) Viral Damania
D) Aditya Puri
E) Arvind Subramanian
Answer: C) Viral Damania

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Viral Damania as CFO of IndusInd Bank
• Location: India (Corporate Headquarters – Mumbai)
• Date: September 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Viral Damania appointed as Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Key Managerial Personnel at IndusInd Bank
  • Santosh Kumar relinquishes role as Special Officer – Finance & Accounts but continues as Deputy CFO
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen internal controls and governance
  • Address financial misreporting linked to accounting lapses in the derivatives portfolio
  • Restore investor confidence and ensure robust financial compliance

Important Terms Explained:

• CFO (Chief Financial Officer):
  • A senior executive responsible for managing a company’s financial actions, including tracking cash flow, financial planning, and financial reporting.
• Key Managerial Personnel (KMP):
  • Individuals at the top management level who play a significant role in making decisions related to the company’s affairs (as per Companies Act, 2013).
• ISACA Certification:
  • An internationally recognized credential in Information Systems Audit and Control, signifying expertise in IT governance, risk, and compliance.
• Accounting Lapse:
  • A financial reporting error or omission that can result in regulatory scrutiny, investor distrust, and changes in leadership to re-establish credibility.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs September 24

13. In September 2025, which international body awarded India the ‘Council President Certificate’ for progress in aviation safety oversight?
A) IATA
B) ICAO
C) UNWTO
D) ACI
E) IMO
Answer: B) ICAO

Event and Location:

• Event: India awarded ICAO Council President Certificate for strengthening aviation safety oversight
• Location: Montréal, Canada (ICAO Headquarters); Recognized DGCA India
• Date: September 23, 2025 (Announcement), Award to be conferred at ICAO 42nd Assembly

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) awarded India the Council President Certificate for making significant progress in enhancing aviation safety oversight capabilities.
• Objectives: To acknowledge India’s improved implementation of ICAO’s SARPs and to recognize its efforts under the Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme – Continuous Monitoring Approach (USOAP CMA).

Important Terms Explained:

• ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization): A specialized UN agency that sets global standards and regulations for aviation safety, security, efficiency, and environmental protection.
• SARPs (Standards and Recommended Practices): A set of internationally accepted rules and procedures developed by ICAO to ensure safe and orderly growth of international civil aviation.
• USOAP CMA (Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme – Continuous Monitoring Approach): ICAO’s program to regularly assess a country’s aviation safety compliance through data-driven monitoring.
• Council President Certificate: A prestigious ICAO recognition given to member states that demonstrate measurable progress in civil aviation oversight systems.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 24

14. What is the primary objective of India’s first Tri Services Academia Technology Symposium (T-SATS)?
A) Recruit foreign defence experts
B) Procure advanced weapons from abroad
C) Foster academic and military collaboration in defence R&D
D) Conduct national-level army drills
E) Celebrate Armed Forces Day
Answer: C) Foster academic and military collaboration in defence R&D

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Tri Services Academia Technology Symposium (T-SATS)
• Location: Manekshaw Centre, New Delhi
• Date: September 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of India’s first Tri Services Academia Technology Symposium (T-SATS)
  • Participation of over 62 top academic institutions
  • Signing of MoUs for long-term academic-defence collaboration
• Objectives:
  • Build a Defence-Academia Innovation Bridge
  • Promote indigenous research and dual-use technologies
  • Align academic R&D with future warfare needs like AI, cybersecurity, and electronic warfare
  • Accelerate indigenisation of critical defence platforms

Important Terms Explained:

• T-SATS (Tri Services Academia Technology Symposium):
  • A joint initiative to integrate academic R&D with Armed Forces requirements for defence innovation and capability development.
• CDS (Chief of Defence Staff):
  • The highest-ranking military officer tasked with ensuring integration between the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and providing strategic leadership to the armed forces.
• iDEX (Innovations for Defence Excellence):
  • A flagship initiative of the Ministry of Defence under the Department of Defence Production to support start-ups and academia in developing indigenous defence technologies.
• MoUs (Memoranda of Understanding):
  • Formal agreements signed with academic and research institutions to promote collaborative R&D and technology transfer in defence.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 24

15. Which country will launch the new ‘K Visa’ from October 1, 2025, to attract global STEM talent?
A) USA
B) Germany
C) Japan
D) China
E) South Korea
Answer: D) China

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of China’s new K Visa to attract global STEM talent
• Location: China (Applicable globally for foreign STEM professionals)
• Date: October 1, 2025 (effective date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • China to introduce a new K Visa allowing global STEM professionals to live and work in the country without employer sponsorship
  • Visa permits multiple entries, long stay durations, and various professional activities
• Objectives:
  • To attract young international professionals in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)
  • To encourage innovation, academic exchange, entrepreneurship, and cross-border collaboration
  • To provide an alternative to restrictive U.S. visa policies like the H-1B

Important Terms Explained:

• K Visa:
  • A new visa category launched by China for foreign professionals in STEM fields
  • Allows entry without needing an invitation letter or local sponsor
  • Enables activities like scientific research, education, cultural exchange, and entrepreneurship
• H-1B Visa:
  • A U.S. non-immigrant visa that allows companies to employ foreign workers in specialty occupations
  • Recently subjected to fee hikes and stricter regulations, including a proposed $100,000 application fee for new applicants
• STEM Professionals:
  • Individuals working or qualified in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
  • High-demand category globally for innovation, research, and industrial development

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs September 24

16. In September 2025, how many additional PG and UG medical seats has the Union Cabinet approved under Phase-III of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme for upgrading government medical institutions?
A) 3,000 PG and 3,500 UG
B) 4,000 PG and 4,000 UG
C) 5,000 PG and 5,023 UG
D) 6,000 PG and 6,000 UG
E) 5,500 PG and 5,100 UG
Answer: C) 5,000 PG and 5,023 UG

Event and Location:

• Event: Cabinet approval for Phase-III expansion of medical education capacity
• Location: Pan-India (Applicable to State/UT Government Medical Institutions)
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Approval of Phase-III of the Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) for strengthening and upgrading government medical colleges and hospitals to increase 5,000 postgraduate and 5,023 undergraduate (MBBS) medical seats by 2028-29.
• Objectives: To augment the availability of doctors and specialists across the country, promote equitable regional distribution of healthcare resources, and strengthen India’s health system by leveraging existing infrastructure for cost-effective expansion.

Important Terms Explained:

• Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS): A funding mechanism where the Central Government shares financial responsibility with State Governments to implement national development initiatives. In this case, CSS targets expansion of medical education capacity.
• Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY): A central scheme aimed at correcting regional imbalances in tertiary healthcare and increasing access to quality medical education by setting up new AIIMS and upgrading existing government medical colleges.
• Medical Institution (Qualifications of Faculty) Regulations 2025: New faculty eligibility norms introduced to promote a competency-based, inclusive recruitment approach to address the shortage of qualified teaching staff in medical institutions.

Tabular Summary:

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17. What is the total financial outlay approved for the DSIR Scheme “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development” for the 15th Finance Commission cycle?
A) Rs 1277.40 crore
B) Rs 2277.40 crore
C) Rs 3000.00 crore
D) Rs 1500.50 crore
E) Rs 2877.30 crore
Answer: B) Rs 2277.40 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Cabinet approval of DSIR Scheme “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development”
• Location: Pan-India (Applicable to national R&D institutions, universities, and labs)
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Approval of the DSIR/CSIR Scheme titled “Capacity Building and Human Resource Development (CBHRD)” with a total outlay of Rs.2277.397 crore for implementation during 2021–22 to 2025–26, covering major R&D institutions and academic centers.
• Objectives: To expand the pool of high-quality human resources in the Science, Technology, Engineering, Medical, and Mathematical (STEMM) fields; support young researchers; promote R&D-driven innovation; and enhance India’s position in global scientific metrics such as the Global Innovation Index.

Important Terms Explained:

• Capacity Building and Human Resource Development (CBHRD): A CSIR umbrella scheme aimed at enhancing India’s scientific human capital through fellowships, research support, travel grants, and recognition programs.
• Global Innovation Index (GII): An annual ranking published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) measuring innovation performance; India ranked 39th globally in 2024.
• Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR): A premier national R&D organization under DSIR, known for its contributions to science and technology innovation, now in its 84th year of service.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 24

18. The Cabinet approved construction of the 4-lane Sahebganj-Areraj-Bettiah section of NH-139W in Bihar with what total project cost?
A) Rs 4,200 crore
B) Rs 2,950 crore
C) Rs 3,822.31 crore
D) Rs 3,500 crore
E) Rs 4,150 crore
Answer: C) Rs 3,822.31 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Cabinet approval for 4-lane NH-139W project on Hybrid Annuity Mode
• Location: Sahebganj-Areraj-Bettiah section, Bihar
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Approval of construction of a 4-lane greenfield highway project under NH-139W, spanning 78.942 km from Sahebganj to Bettiah in Bihar under Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM) at a total cost of Rs.3,822.31 crore.
• Objectives: To enhance high-speed connectivity in North Bihar, reduce travel time, facilitate cross-border trade with Nepal, improve access to economic and social nodes, and boost tourism, freight movement, and regional development.

Important Terms Explained:

• Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM): A public-private partnership model where 40% of the project cost is paid by the government during construction and the remaining 60% is paid over time as annuity with interest, reducing upfront burden on developers.
• NH-139W: A National Highway designed to improve connectivity between North Bihar districts and key highways (NH-31, NH-722, NH-727, NH-27, NH-227A) including links to Indo-Nepal trade corridors.
• PM Gati Shakti: A National Master Plan for multi-modal connectivity launched by the Government of India to coordinate infrastructure development and improve logistics efficiency across the country.

Tabular Summary:

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19. What is the total approved cost for doubling the 104 km Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir–Tilaiya railway line in Bihar?
A) Rs 1,850 crore
B) Rs 2,192 crore
C) Rs 2,000 crore
D) Rs 2,250 crore
E) Rs 1,900 crore
Answer: B) Rs 2,192 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Cabinet approval for doubling of Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir–Tilaiya railway line
• Location: Bihar (covering four districts including Gaya and Nawada)
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Approval of doubling of the 104 km single railway line section between Bakhtiyarpur–Rajgir–Tilaiya with a project cost of Rs. 2,192 crore.
• Objectives: To increase line capacity, reduce congestion, support freight movement, improve tourism and pilgrimage connectivity, boost employment, reduce oil dependency, and achieve environmental targets through enhanced railway infrastructure.

Important Terms Explained:

• PM Gati Shakti: A National Master Plan launched to boost multi-modal connectivity and logistics efficiency by integrating infrastructure planning and development.
• Multi-tracking: The process of adding additional tracks alongside existing railway lines to increase train capacity, reduce delays, and support rising passenger and freight demands.
• Aspirational Districts: A Government of India initiative aimed at transforming underdeveloped districts (like Gaya and Nawada) through better infrastructure, education, health, and economic growth.

Tabular Summary:

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20. Which Indian state recently celebrated ECCE Day with creative activities under ICDS Projects, including toy-making sessions to promote early childhood learning?
A) Nagaland
B) Mizoram
C) Tripura
D) Manipur
E) Assam
Answer: D) Manipur

Event and Location:

• Event: Celebration of ECCE Day under ICDS Projects
• Location: Bishnupur and Kamjong districts, Manipur
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Celebration of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) Day in Bishnupur and organization of toy-making sessions in Kamjong district under the ICDS Project in Manipur.
• Objectives: To promote innovative early childhood learning, strengthen foundational education, and enhance community participation in holistic development of children under six years of age.

Important Terms Explained:

• ECCE (Early Childhood Care and Education): A critical component of early development that focuses on the physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of children aged 0–6 years, as part of India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
• ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services): A flagship welfare scheme of the Government of India launched in 1975 aimed at improving health, nutrition, and pre-school education for children under six, as well as for pregnant and lactating mothers.
• Toy-based Pedagogy: A learning method emphasized under NEP 2020 and the National Curriculum Framework for Foundational Stage (NCF-FS) that encourages creativity, critical thinking, and active learning through indigenous and affordable toys.

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21. Which organization has launched Special Campaign 5.0 in 2025 to institutionalize Swachhata and minimize pendency in government offices?
A) Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
B) NITI Aayog
C) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
D) Ministry of Home Affairs
E) Department of Personnel and Training
Answer: B) NITI Aayog

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Special Campaign 5.0 for Swachhata and pendency disposal
• Location: NITI Aayog, New Delhi, and its affiliated offices (DMEO, AIM, NILERD)
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Launch of Special Campaign 5.0 by NITI Aayog, under guidance from DARPG, focusing on institutionalizing Swachhata (cleanliness) and minimizing administrative pendency in central government offices.
• Objectives: To dispose of pending public grievances, PMO and MP references, State and Inter-Ministerial communications, weed out redundant files, optimize space, and improve workplace cleanliness and efficiency.

Important Terms Explained:

• Swachh Bharat Mission: A flagship program launched in 2014 to promote cleanliness, hygiene, and sanitation across India, inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of a clean India.
• DARPG (Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances): A central government department responsible for improving public service delivery and grievance redressal through administrative reforms.
• Special Campaigns: Annual initiatives started in 2021 aimed at disposing of pending matters and promoting office cleanliness, now in their fifth edition with measurable goals and reports across ministries.

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22. Which international event, organized by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries, is scheduled from September 25–28, 2025, to position India as a ‘Global Food Hub’?
A) Global Agro Meet 2025
B) India Food Conclave 2025
C) World Food India 2025
D) India-Global Food Expo 2025
E) Bharat FoodTech Summit 2025
Answer: C) World Food India 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of World Food India (WFI) 2025, 4th edition
• Location: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
• Date: September 25–28, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Organizing World Food India 2025, a global platform by the Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MoFPI), showcasing India’s food processing potential and strengthening investment, partnerships, and innovation across the food value chain.
• Objectives: To position India as a ‘Global Food Hub’, promote bilateral trade, attract FDI, showcase indigenous and processed food products, foster international cooperation, and enable sustainable, inclusive food systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• PLISFPI (Production Linked Incentive Scheme for Food Processing Industry): A central government initiative with ₹10,900 crore outlay (2021–2027) aimed at creating global champions and enhancing Indian food brands globally.
• PMKSY (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Sampada Yojana): A scheme for modern infrastructure and supply chain development in food processing to reduce waste, enhance capacity, and ensure better farm-to-market linkage.
• PMFME Scheme: The PM Formalisation of Micro Food Processing Enterprises Scheme supports micro-enterprises and SHGs through financial, technical, and market support.
• Operation Greens: A scheme to stabilize prices and ensure value addition in targeted perishable crops like TOP (Tomato, Onion, Potato) and now extended to more crops.

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23. Which Indian state recently announced the development of 10 new medical colleges under the PPP model, aiming to save ₹3,700 crore in development costs?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Telangana
C) Karnataka
D) Andhra Pradesh
E) Maharashtra
Answer: D) Andhra Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of 10 new medical colleges under Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model
• Location: Andhra Pradesh
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Development and operation of 10 new medical colleges in Andhra Pradesh under the PPP model, ensuring shared investment and efficiency in infrastructure development.
• Objectives: To expand medical education access across the state, reduce public expenditure, increase UG medical seats, and ensure free and affordable healthcare services under government schemes.

Important Terms Explained:

• PPP Model (Public-Private Partnership): A collaborative investment model where private sector partners share the development, funding, and operational responsibilities with the government to improve efficiency and resource use.
• Convenor Quota: A quota in educational institutions (particularly in Andhra Pradesh) that reserves seats for state domicile candidates, typically filled through common entrance exams at subsidized fees.
• OPD/IPD (Outpatient/Inpatient Department): Medical terms for patients receiving non-admitted care (OPD) or hospitalized care (IPD). Under this scheme, 70% IPD beds will be free under public health schemes.

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24. What is the total outlay of the government-approved package in 2025 to revitalise India’s shipbuilding and maritime ecosystem?
A) ₹45,000 crore
B) ₹60,000 crore
C) ₹69,725 crore
D) ₹50,000 crore
E) ₹72,100 crore
Answer: C) ₹69,725 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of ₹69,725 crore package for shipbuilding and maritime ecosystem revitalisation
• Location: Pan-India (Policy initiative announced in New Delhi)
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Approval of a comprehensive ₹69,725 crore maritime package, with schemes and funds aimed at long-term financing, infrastructure development, skilling, and technical advancement in the shipbuilding sector.
• Objectives: To strengthen India’s domestic shipbuilding capacity, promote Aatmanirbhar Bharat, create employment, attract investments, improve global competitiveness, and ensure strategic and economic resilience in maritime infrastructure.

Important Terms Explained:

• Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Scheme (SBFAS): Extended till March 31, 2036, with ₹24,736 crore to provide financial incentives and promote indigenous shipbuilding.
• Maritime Development Fund (MDF): ₹25,000 crore long-term financing facility, including ₹20,000 crore Maritime Investment Fund (with 49% government stake) and ₹5,000 crore Interest Incentivisation Fund to lower cost of borrowing.
• Shipbuilding Development Scheme (SbDS): ₹19,989 crore scheme to enhance domestic shipbuilding capacity to 4.5 million gross tonnage annually, and support infrastructure, technology, and insurance for shipbuilding.
• Harmonised Master List of Infrastructure: Inclusion of large Indian-built and Indian-flagged ships (≥1,500 GT built in India or ≥10,000 GT otherwise) in infrastructure category to enable access to priority sector lending and incentives.

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25. Which two locations are connected by the newly launched interstate AC e-bus service by Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) in 2025?
A) Delhi and Haridwar
B) Delhi and Agra
C) Delhi and Baraut
D) Delhi and Meerut
E) Delhi and Lucknow
Answer: C) Delhi and Baraut

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of DTC’s interstate AC e-bus service
• Location: Between Delhi and Baraut, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of interstate AC electric bus services by Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC).
  • Introduction of Automated Fare Collection System (AFCS) and integration of the Chalo App on the ONDC platform.
  • Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between DTC and Canara Bank for AFCS implementation.
• Objectives:
  • Expand Delhi’s interstate bus connectivity, especially to religious places.
  • Enhance operational efficiency and revenue transparency in public transport.
  • Digitize fare collection, reduce manual ticketing errors, and incentivize digital payments.
  • Improve public services and make DTC a revenue-surplus organization.

Important Terms Explained:

• DTC (Delhi Transport Corporation): The primary public bus transport operator in Delhi, owned by the Government of Delhi.
• AFCS (Automated Fare Collection System): A digital fare collection system using Point-of-Sale machines and payment cards for seamless transit payments.
• Chalo App: A mobile application enabling users to plan bus trips, track buses, and buy digital tickets; now integrated into ONDC.
• ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce): An initiative by the Government of India to promote open networks in digital commerce.
• National Common Mobility Card (NCMC): An interoperable transport card allowing seamless payments across transport modes and retail.

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26. Which city hosted the Startup Conclave 2025 inaugurated by Home Minister Amit Shah?
A) Bengaluru
B) Hyderabad
C) Gandhinagar
D) Pune
E) Mumbai
Answer: C) Gandhinagar

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Startup Conclave 2025 by Union Home Minister
• Location: Mahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujarat
• Date: September 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Organizing a national-level conclave with over 1,000 startups, 5,000 innovators, and participation from 20 Indian states
• Objectives: To promote entrepreneurship, innovation, funding access, and strategic investment partnerships in high-growth sectors

Important Terms Explained:

• Startup India: A Government of India initiative launched in 2016 to support startup culture by providing benefits like funding, tax exemptions, and ease of compliance.
• Digital India: A flagship programme aimed at transforming India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat: A vision of making India self-reliant through investment in domestic capabilities across industries including startups.

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27. What is the main objective of the Visakhapatnam Declaration 2025 adopted at the 28th National Conference on e-Governance?
A) Promote space research programs
B) Expand India’s defence exports
C) Drive India’s digital governance and civil service reform
D) Launch a new agricultural subsidy scheme
E) Establish international trade zones
Answer: C) Drive India’s digital governance and civil service reform

Event and Location:

• Event: Adoption of Visakhapatnam Declaration for India’s digital transformation
• Location: Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: September 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Adoption of the Visakhapatnam Declaration at the 28th National Conference on e-Governance (NCeG)
  • Promote digital governance, AI integration, and civil service digital transformation
• Objectives:
  • Align with Viksit Bharat 2047 vision of Minimum Government, Maximum Governance
  • Enhance public service delivery through tech such as AI, Blockchain, IoT, and Data Analytics
  • Scale successful digital models like SAMPADA 2.0, eKhata, and DAMS
  • Strengthen cybersecurity, digital trust, and inclusion in underserved regions

Important Terms Explained:

• Visakhapatnam Declaration:
  • A strategic roadmap adopted at NCeG 2025 to accelerate India’s digital transformation, civil service digitisation, and AI-driven governance.
• SAMPADA 2.0:
  • A digital platform for agro-innovation and market linkage, originally implemented in Madhya Pradesh.
• Digital India BHASHINI:
  • A multilingual real-time AI translation and communication platform to promote inclusivity in digital services.
• Digi Yatra:
  • A contactless and paperless travel experience initiative for airports using facial recognition technology.
• NADRES V2:
  • A disaster risk management system for the agriculture sector developed by ICAR to enhance climate resilience.
• NeSDA (National e-Services Delivery Assessment):
  • A framework to measure the effectiveness of states and UTs in delivering e-Governance services.

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Over All Review

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