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July 24 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs July 24

1. In which year was International Tiger Day first celebrated to promote awareness for wild tiger conservation?
A) 2005
B) 2010
C) 2012
D) 2015
E) 2000
Answer: B) 2010

Event and Location:

• Event: Observation of International Tiger Day 2025
• Location: Global
• Date: 29 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: International Tiger Day is observed annually on July 29 to promote awareness about tiger conservation and to encourage international cooperation in protecting wild tiger populations.
• Objectives: The goal is to safeguard the rapidly declining wild tiger population through collaborative efforts, address the threats they face including poaching, habitat loss, and human-wildlife conflict, and to restore tiger populations in their natural habitats.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Tiger Day: An annual global event celebrated on July 29, first established in 2010 at the Saint Petersburg Tiger Summit to raise awareness and promote tiger conservation across the 13 tiger range countries.
• Global Tiger Initiative (GTI): A collective launched in 2008, backed by the World Bank, to reduce the risk of extinction of wild tigers and to encourage tiger range countries to commit to sustainable conservation.
• Global Tiger Forum (GTF): An intergovernmental international body established in 1994 to promote a worldwide campaign to protect the tiger. GTF sets the yearly theme and strategy for International Tiger Day.

Tabular Summary:

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2. On which date is Income Tax Day celebrated annually in India?
A) July 1
B) July 15
C) July 24
D) August 1
E) June 30
Answer: C) July 24

Event and Location:

• Event: Celebration of Income Tax Day 2025
• Location: India
• Date: 24 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India is observing the 166th anniversary of the introduction of income tax in the country, commemorating its evolution from colonial rule to a digitally empowered, citizen-centric tax administration.
• Objectives: The aim is to acknowledge the digital transformation of the tax system, celebrate taxpayer empowerment, improve compliance, and foster transparency, ease of filing, and voluntary participation in nation-building through tax contribution.

Important Terms Explained:

• Income Tax Act, 1961: The comprehensive legislation governing the taxation of income in India, in force since April 1, 1962.
• PAN (Permanent Account Number): A unique identifier introduced in 1972 to track financial transactions and ensure compliance.
• Faceless Assessment Scheme: A 2019 reform to eliminate physical interface between taxpayers and officers, ensuring transparency and reducing corruption.
• TIN & TIN 2.0 (Tax Information Network): A centralized platform for tax-related services including credit verification and refund processing.
• Project Insight: A data-driven intelligence platform that integrates financial data from multiple sources to monitor taxpayer activity.
• AIS (Annual Information Statement): A statement giving taxpayers a pre-filled summary of financial transactions to assist in error-free filing.
• Finance Act, 2025: Introduced changes like extending the time for filing updated returns to 48 months and easing compliance measures.
• Income Tax Bill, 2025: A proposed replacement for the Income Tax Act, 1961 aiming to simplify language, remove outdated provisions, and modernize tax laws.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs July 24

3. Which Indian airport has been ranked among the world’s top 10 airports in Travel + Leisure’s 2025 World’s Best Awards?
A) Rajiv Gandhi International Airport
B) Kempegowda International Airport
C) Indira Gandhi International Airport
D) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport
E) Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport
Answer: D) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport

Event and Location:

• Event: Mumbai Airport ranked among the top 10 airports globally in Travel + Leisure’s 2025 Awards
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
• Date: 24 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA) has been ranked 9th in the ‘Readers’ 10 Favourite International Airports of 2025’ by Travel + Leisure for the third consecutive year.
• Objectives: The objective is to recognize airports that consistently deliver exceptional customer experience, operational efficiency, and global connectivity in line with international aviation standards.

Top 10 Favourite International Airports – 2025 (Travel + Leisure Readers’ Survey):

Important Terms Explained:

• Travel + Leisure World’s Best Awards: An annual survey conducted by Travel + Leisure magazine in which readers vote on top travel experiences worldwide, including airports, hotels, airlines, and more.
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA): One of India’s busiest and most advanced airports, known for its sustainability efforts, world-class infrastructure, and high daily air traffic movements.
• Air Traffic Movements (ATMs): The number of aircraft takeoffs and landings at an airport, a key indicator of airport capacity and activity level.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs July 24

4. What is the name of the new savings account launched by Fino Payments Bank to enable instant UPI transactions?
A) MITRA
B) SAARTHI
C) GATI
D) FASTpay
E) DAKSH
Answer: C) GATI

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ‘GATI’ savings account by Fino Payments Bank
• Location: Tamil Nadu, India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Fino Payments Bank launched ‘GATI’, a zero-balance savings account enabling instant UPI transactions through eKYC authentication, available at over 19,000 merchant points in Tamil Nadu.
• Objectives: The objective is to promote digital banking adoption among underbanked rural and semi-urban populations by providing affordable, fast, and secure banking services, especially through UPI platforms.

Important Terms Explained:

• GATI Savings Account: A newly launched product by Fino Payments Bank, allowing instant account opening via eKYC and immediate UPI readiness, aimed at customers in rural and semi-urban India.
• UPI (Unified Payments Interface): A real-time payment system developed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) that allows users to instantly transfer funds between bank accounts using a mobile device.
• eKYC (Electronic Know Your Customer): A paperless, Aadhaar-based digital method of verifying a customer’s identity to open bank accounts or use financial services.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs July 24

5. Why did the RBI conduct a surprise Variable Rate Repo (VRR) auction for ₹50,000 crore on July 23, 2025?
A) To control inflation
B) To absorb excess liquidity
C) To infuse liquidity due to GST-related outflows
D) To raise interest rates
E) To introduce a new monetary tool
Answer: C) To infuse liquidity due to GST-related outflows

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI conducts a surprise VRR auction to inject liquidity
• Location: Mumbai, India
• Date: 23 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) conducted a two-day Variable Rate Repo (VRR) auction for ₹50,000 crore to infuse liquidity into the banking system, strained by GST-related outflows.
• Objectives: The move aims to address short-term liquidity shortages, maintain overnight money market stability, and reaffirm RBI’s commitment to its current monetary policy stance without a shift in policy direction.

Important Terms Explained:

• Variable Rate Repo (VRR): A liquidity infusion tool where banks borrow funds from the RBI at rates determined through auction, typically to ease short-term liquidity shortages.
• Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR): A liquidity absorption instrument where banks park surplus funds with RBI at variable interest rates, used when the system has excess liquidity.
• Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF): A monetary policy tool used by RBI to inject or absorb liquidity into/from the banking system through repo and reverse repo operations.
• Weighted Average Rate (WAR): The average interest rate at which funds are allocated in the auction, weighted by the volume of successful bids.

Tabular Summary:

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6. What was the value of RBI’s Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) for the financial year 2025?
A) 60.5
B) 62.7
C) 64.2
D) 67.0
E) 69.5
Answer: D) 67.0

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI releases Financial Inclusion Index for FY25
• Location: India
• Date: 24 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) for FY25, showing a rise to 67.0 from 64.2 in FY24, reflecting overall progress in Access, Usage, and Quality of financial services.
• Objectives: The FI-Index aims to monitor, benchmark, and encourage financial inclusion across sectors and regions by identifying gaps in service access, usage frequency, and consumer empowerment mechanisms.

Important Terms Explained:

• Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index): A composite index introduced by RBI in 2021 to measure the extent of financial inclusion across India. It ranges from 0 (total exclusion) to 100 (full inclusion), with FY2017 as the base year.
• Access: One of the three FI-Index components; it measures availability of financial service touchpoints like branches, ATMs, and correspondents.
• Usage: Evaluates how actively financial services are used, including payments, savings, credit, and insurance.
• Quality: Covers service delivery elements like literacy, consumer protection, grievance redressal, and equality in service access.

Tabular Summary:

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Acquisitions and Mergers – Daily Current Affairs July 24

7. Which global private equity firm’s arm received RBI approval to acquire up to 9.99% stake in IDFC First Bank?
A) KKR
B) Blackstone
C) Carlyle
D) Warburg Pincus
E) Bain Capital
Answer: D) Warburg Pincus

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI approves Warburg Pincus arm to acquire stake in IDFC First Bank
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has approved Currant Sea Investments Ltd, an entity of Warburg Pincus, to acquire up to 9.99% stake in IDFC First Bank.
• Objectives: The move allows Warburg Pincus to invest in the Indian banking sector, signaling regulatory support for strategic foreign investment while maintaining oversight on ownership and governance standards.

Important Terms Explained:

• Currant Sea Investments Ltd: An investment arm of global private equity firm Warburg Pincus, registered to make strategic financial investments.
• Warburg Pincus: A leading global private equity firm with a focus on growth investing across sectors including financial services.
• IDFC First Bank: A private sector bank in India offering retail and corporate banking services, formed from the merger of IDFC Bank and Capital First in 2018.
• Stake Acquisition Approval (by RBI): The RBI’s formal regulatory consent required under banking norms for any entity acquiring more than 5% stake in a private bank.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs July 24

8. Who has been appointed as the Chairman of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) for a term of three years?
A) T V Somanathan
B) Sanjay Malhotra
C) Ajay Seth
D) Subhash Chandra Garg
E) Arvind Subramanian
Answer: C) Ajay Seth

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Ajay Seth as Chairman of IRDAI
• Location: India
• Date: 24 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India has appointed Ajay Seth, a retired IAS officer and former Finance and Economic Affairs Secretary, as the Chairman of IRDAI for a term of three years or until he turns 65 or until further orders, whichever comes earlier.
• Objectives: The objective of this appointment is to fill the vacant top leadership position at IRDAI and ensure continued regulatory oversight and development in the insurance sector.

Important Terms Explained:

• IRDAI (Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India): A statutory body established under the IRDA Act, 1999, responsible for regulating, promoting, and ensuring the orderly growth of the insurance and reinsurance industry in India.
• Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC): A high-level government committee chaired by the Prime Minister that approves appointments to top positions in various departments and autonomous bodies.
• Finance and Economic Affairs Secretary: A senior bureaucratic role within the Ministry of Finance, overseeing critical macroeconomic and fiscal matters including public finance, investment, and budgeting.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Who has recently assumed charge as the new Chairperson of the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)?
A) P Daniel
B) Sushil Kumar Jaiswal
C) Smita Jhingran
D) Nitin Gupta
E) Alok Verma
Answer: D) Nitin Gupta

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Shri Nitin Gupta as Chairperson of NFRA
• Location: Ministry of Corporate Affairs, New Delhi
• Date: July 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Shri Nitin Gupta, IRS (Retd.), assumed charge as Chairperson of the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA)
  • Appointment of three full-time members: Ms. Smita Jhingran, Shri P Daniel, and Shri Sushil Kumar Jaiswal
• Objectives:
  • To enhance transparency, auditing standards, and financial reporting governance in India
  • To align Indian auditing and accounting standards with global best practices
  • To strengthen regulatory oversight in corporate financial reporting and improve audit quality

Important Terms Explained:

• National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA):
  • An independent regulatory body set up under the Companies Act, 2013 to oversee auditing, accounting standards, and financial reporting for companies in India.
• CBDT (Central Board of Direct Taxes):
  • Apex body for direct tax administration in India. Shri Nitin Gupta was the former Chairman and introduced technology-driven reforms for compliance and transparency.
• Faceless Assessments:
  • A digital reform in income tax processing where assessments are done anonymously, improving efficiency and reducing corruption.
• Vigilance Awareness:
  • Promoting ethical behavior and transparency in governance through preventive and corrective actions in public administration.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs July 24

10. Which Indian bank was named the World’s Best Consumer Bank for 2025 by Global Finance magazine?
A) HDFC Bank
B) ICICI Bank
C) Axis Bank
D) State Bank of India
E) Bank of Baroda
Answer: D) State Bank of India

Event and Location:

• Event: SBI awarded World’s Best Consumer Bank for 2025
• Location: Washington, D.C. (Award ceremony); India (Recipient)
• Date: 18 July 2025 (Announcement); 18 October 2025 (Award Ceremony)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The State Bank of India (SBI) has been named the World’s Best Consumer Bank for 2025 by Global Finance magazine, based on extensive global research and insights from financial professionals.
• Objectives: The award recognizes SBI’s efforts in enhancing customer experience, providing vernacular voice banking, 24/7 digital support, and AI-powered personalized services across rural, semi-urban, and urban segments.

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Finance Magazine: A reputed international financial publication that annually ranks the world’s best banks and financial institutions based on research, performance metrics, and expert insights.
• Consumer Bank: A bank that provides retail banking services to individuals, including savings accounts, loans, and digital banking facilities.
• Omni-channel Banking: A customer-centric model offering consistent banking services across physical branches, online platforms, and mobile applications.
• AI-powered Hyper-Personalization: The use of artificial intelligence to deliver customized products, services, and user experiences based on customer behavior and preferences.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs July 24

11. Which country has introduced the world’s first sanctions regime targeting gangs involved in smuggling illegal migrants?
A) United States
B) United Kingdom
C) France
D) Germany
E) Canada
Answer: B) United Kingdom

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of global-first sanctions regime against illegal migrant smuggling gangs
• Location: United Kingdom
• Date: 23 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The UK government has introduced sanctions targeting individuals and groups facilitating the smuggling of illegal migrants, including freezing of assets, bans on travel to the UK, and restrictions from the UK financial system.
• Objectives: The primary aim is to disrupt organized immigration crime, deter illegal Channel crossings, and make it harder for smugglers and their networks to operate through legal and financial systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sanctions Regime: A system of penalties imposed by a government to restrict or punish specific individuals, organizations, or countries. In this context, sanctions include freezing assets and imposing travel and financial bans on those involved in smuggling.
• People Smuggling: The illegal practice of helping individuals cross borders without proper documentation, usually for financial gain, often involving dangerous methods like small boat crossings.
• UK Financial System Restrictions: Measures that prevent individuals or entities from accessing banking and business services within the United Kingdom.

Tabular Summary:

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12. What is the key purpose of the India-UK Vision 2035 agreement announced in July 2025?
A) To enhance military exports between India and the UK
B) To create a single visa policy for citizens of both nations
C) To establish long-term bilateral cooperation in multiple strategic sectors
D) To replace the India-EU trade agreement
E) To expand cricket and sports diplomacy
Answer: C) To establish long-term bilateral cooperation in multiple strategic sectors

Event and Location:

• Event: India and the UK launch Vision 2035 Strategic Roadmap
• Location: London, United Kingdom
• Date: July 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of India-UK Vision 2035, a framework to guide bilateral cooperation over the next decade
  • Regular high-level meetings, joint reviews, and ministerial mechanisms to oversee implementation
  • Collaboration under six key pillars: Trade and Investment, Technology, Defence, Climate, Education, and People-to-People ties
• Objectives:
  • To deepen and diversify the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
  • To promote inclusive economic growth, climate resilience, and security cooperation
  • To build a BRISK partnership based on Business, Research, Innovation, Science & Technology, and Knowledge

Important Terms Explained:

• India-UK Vision 2035:
  • A future-oriented roadmap to foster deep strategic and economic ties across multiple sectors, ensuring mutual prosperity and global relevance.
• Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA):
  • A key bilateral trade deal aimed at increasing trade in goods and services, supporting job creation, and strengthening regulatory alignment.
• Technology Security Initiative (TSI):
  • A collaborative framework to drive innovation in emerging technologies like AI, semiconductors, quantum tech, critical minerals, and telecoms.
• Green Hydrogen Valley Declaration:
  • A climate-focused initiative under Vision 2035 to accelerate clean hydrogen production and energy transition.
• UK India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB):
  • A joint mechanism to promote infrastructure investment in India with UK support.
• Young Professionals Scheme:
  • A cultural exchange initiative promoting youth mobility, skills development, and educational partnerships between the two nations.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which of the following is a key feature of the India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) signed in July 2025?
A) Abolishing all tariffs on UK automobile exports to India
B) Creating a common currency between India and UK
C) Providing zero-duty access for 99% of Indian exports to the UK
D) Merging the financial regulatory bodies of both countries
E) Establishing a visa-free regime for all citizens
Answer: C) Providing zero-duty access for 99% of Indian exports to the UK

Event and Location:

• Event: Signing of Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between India and the UK
• Location: London, United Kingdom
• Date: July 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Signing of CETA to boost trade, investment, and mobility between India and the United Kingdom
  • Elimination of tariffs on 99% of Indian exports and enhanced access to UK services markets
  • Launch of Double Contribution Convention (DCC) to improve cost efficiency for Indian companies and workers
  • Liberalisation of movement for Indian professionals in sectors like IT, education, finance, architecture, yoga, and cuisine
• Objectives:
  • To double bilateral trade (currently at USD 56 billion) by 2030
  • To support labour-intensive sectors, MSMEs, and women-led enterprises through enhanced market access
  • To promote inclusive, sustainable, and innovation-driven trade growth
  • To reinforce India’s vision of ‘Make in India’ and global economic leadership

Important Terms Explained:

• Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA):
  • A wide-ranging bilateral Free Trade Agreement that removes trade barriers, increases market access for goods and services, and fosters investment between India and the UK.
• Double Contribution Convention (DCC):
  • A social security arrangement allowing Indian professionals working in the UK to avoid paying local social security contributions for up to three years, lowering costs for Indian firms.
• Make in India:
  • A flagship initiative launched by the Government of India in 2014 to encourage manufacturing, innovation, and investment within the country.
• Zero-duty Access:
  • Trade provision allowing goods to be imported without any tariffs; CETA provides this to 99% of Indian exports to the UK.
• MSMEs:
  • Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises, which are vital to employment and innovation, are major beneficiaries of the agreement.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs July 24

14. Which organization is implementing the Bima Sakhi (Mahila Career Agent) Scheme in India?
A) IRDAI
B) LIC
C) NABARD
D) SIDBI
E) SEBI
Answer: B) LIC

Event and Location:

• Event: Bima Sakhi Scheme enrolls over 2 lakh women in FY25-26
• Location: India
• Date: 21 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) under the Bima Sakhi – Mahila Career Agent (MCA) Scheme has enrolled 2,05,896 women agents as of July 2025. LIC has paid out over ₹62.36 crore in FY24-25 and ₹115.13 crore in FY25-26 (till July 14).
• Objectives: The scheme aims to empower rural and semi-urban women by enabling them to start a career in life insurance sales, with financial support, performance-based incentives, and career progression opportunities, including eligibility for LIC’s Apprentice Development Officer (ADO) post after 5 years.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bima Sakhi – Mahila Career Agent (MCA) Scheme: A LIC initiative launched on 9 December 2024 to recruit and empower women agents through training, stipends, and long-term career incentives.
• Apprentice Development Officer (ADO): A mid-level managerial post in LIC, which Bima Sakhis can aspire to after 5 years, provided they meet the eligibility norms.
• Stipend Scheme: LIC pays monthly stipends of ₹7,000 in Year 1, ₹6,000 in Year 2, and ₹5,000 in Year 3, apart from commissions, to support early-stage income and retention of Bima Sakhis.

Tabular Summary:

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15. What is the primary eligibility criteria for a farmer to receive benefits under the PM-KISAN scheme?
A) Age below 60 years
B) Cultivation of vegetables only
C) Cultivable landholding
D) Membership in an FPO
E) KYC completed through CSC
Answer: C) Cultivable landholding

Event and Location:

• Event: Update on eligibility and outreach under PM-KISAN Scheme
• Location: India
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: PM-KISAN, a central sector scheme, provides ₹6,000 per year to cultivable landholding farmers in three equal instalments through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT). As of the 19th instalment released on 24 February 2025, more than ₹3.69 lakh crore has been disbursed to over 10 crore farmers.
• Objectives: The scheme aims to support the financial needs of farmers, especially for inputs and investment in agricultural activities, while improving farmers’ ease of access, inclusion, and grievance redressal.

Important Terms Explained:

• PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi): Launched in February 2019, this scheme provides income support to eligible farmers by crediting ₹6,000 annually into their Aadhaar-linked bank accounts.
• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): A mechanism that ensures government subsidies and welfare payments reach beneficiaries directly in their bank accounts, eliminating leakages.
• Viksit Bharat Sankalp Yatra (VBSY): A government-led saturation drive initiative aimed at enrolling all eligible beneficiaries under various central schemes, including PM-KISAN.
• Kisan e-Mitra Chatbot: An AI-powered multilingual virtual assistant developed for PM-KISAN beneficiaries to resolve queries and grievances quickly and accurately in 11 Indian languages.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which scheme has been launched with an outlay of ₹5,000 crore to promote innovation in India’s Pharma MedTech sector?
A) PLI Scheme for Pharmaceuticals
B) Strengthening of Pharmaceutical Industry Scheme
C) Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana
D) PRIP Scheme
E) RPTUAS
Answer: D) PRIP Scheme

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation of schemes to promote self-reliance and innovation in the pharmaceutical sector
• Location: India
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India is implementing multiple schemes to realise the vision of Atmanirbhar Bharat in the pharmaceutical sector, boost domestic innovation, reduce import dependency, and enhance export capabilities.
• Objectives: These schemes aim to promote research, manufacturing, infrastructure, affordability, and global competitiveness in the pharma and MedTech sectors.

Important Terms Explained:

• PRIP Scheme (Promotion of Research and Innovation in Pharma MedTech Sector): Launched with an outlay of ₹5,000 crore to support innovation and academia-industry collaboration; includes ₹700 crore for 7 CoEs and ₹4,250 crore for industry/startups.
• PLI Scheme for Pharmaceuticals: Incentivizes manufacturing of high-value drugs including biopharmaceuticals, complex generics, and APIs; has already seen ₹37,306 crore in investment by FY2025.
• PLI Scheme for Bulk Drugs: Focuses on reducing import dependency in critical KSMs, DIs, and APIs with ₹4,570 crore investment and capacity created for 25 products.
• Bulk Drug Parks Scheme: Supports common infrastructure in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Himachal Pradesh with ₹1,000 crore assistance per park.
• API-CF (Assistance to Pharmaceutical Industry for Common Facilities): Offers grant-in-aid for creating shared R&D, testing, and training infrastructure in pharma clusters.
• RPTUAS (Revamped Pharmaceutical Technology Upgradation Assistance Scheme): Assists MSME pharma firms with turnover <₹500 crore in upgrading to WHO-GMP standards.
• PM Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP): Enables availability of low-cost generic medicines through 16,912 Jan Aushadhi Kendras, saving citizens approx. ₹38,000 crore to date.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which centrally sponsored scheme is the Lakhpati Didi initiative a part of?
A) PMAY-G
B) PM-KISAN
C) DAY-NRLM
D) PMEGP
E) Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
Answer: C) DAY-NRLM

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation progress of Lakhpati Didi Initiative under DAY-NRLM
• Location: India (across all States/UTs except Delhi and Chandigarh)
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Lakhpati Didi initiative is part of the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), aimed at enabling SHG women to earn a minimum of ₹1 lakh per year sustainably.
• Objectives: The initiative seeks to promote financial empowerment, build entrepreneurial skills, ensure sustained income generation, and drive social and financial inclusion among rural women through SHGs.

Top 5 States – Lakhpati Didis:

Top 5 States – NRLM Allocation:

Important Terms Explained:

• Lakhpati Didi: An SHG woman who earns at least ₹1 lakh per annum (approx. ₹10,000/month) over at least 4 agricultural/business cycles.
• DAY-NRLM (Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission): A centrally sponsored scheme launched to mobilize rural poor into SHGs and provide them with sustainable livelihood opportunities.
• SHG (Self-Help Group): A group of 10–20 rural women formed under NRLM to promote savings, access to credit, and entrepreneurship through community institutions.
• CRP (Community Resource Person): A trained SHG member or local individual who supports training, mentoring, and monitoring of other SHG members and groups.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Which state received the highest fund release under the Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS) in FY 2024–25?
A) Bihar
B) Tamil Nadu
C) Uttar Pradesh
D) West Bengal
E) Rajasthan
Answer: C) Uttar Pradesh

Event and Location:

• Event: Fund disbursement under Indira Gandhi National Widow and Disability Pension Schemes
• Location: All States and Union Territories of India
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Funds were released to states and UTs under the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) for implementation of the Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS) and the Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS), based on digitized beneficiaries or state-wise cap.
• Objectives:
  • To provide minimum financial security to widows and disabled persons below the poverty line, ensure timely delivery through Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), and promote inclusion and awareness through initiatives like Pension Diwas.

Top 5 States by Fund Release under IGNWPS (FY 2024–25):

Top 5 States by Fund Release under IGNDPS (FY 2024–25):

Important Terms Explained:

• National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP):
  • A centrally sponsored scheme aimed at providing financial support to elderly persons, widows, and disabled citizens belonging to BPL households.
• Indira Gandhi National Widow Pension Scheme (IGNWPS):
  • Provides ₹300/month to widows aged 40–79 years from BPL families, which can be topped up by the states.
• Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS):
  • Offers ₹300/month to persons aged 18–59 years with more than 80% disability belonging to BPL households.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Which state has implemented the most number of projects under the Sagarmala Programme with a total project cost of ₹1238 crore?
A) Gujarat
B) Andhra Pradesh
C) Tamil Nadu
D) Maharashtra
E) West Bengal
Answer: C) Tamil Nadu

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation of Sagarmala Projects across Tamil Nadu
• Location: Tamil Nadu, India
• Date: July 22, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Sagarmala Scheme supports port-led development through financial assistance for port infrastructure, coastal berth development, roads, rail, skill building, and community-based initiatives in Tamil Nadu.
  • A total of 22 projects with a combined cost of ₹1238 crore are being implemented in Tamil Nadu.
• Objectives:
  • To harness India’s coastline and navigable waterways for economic growth and trade expansion
  • Improve logistics and reduce cost through better port connectivity
  • Create employment and promote regional economic development
  • Develop tourism, ferry, fishing harbours and skill development facilities in coastal districts

Important Terms Explained:

• Sagarmala Scheme:
  • A Central Sector Scheme by the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways launched for port-led development of India.
  • It aims to improve port connectivity, reduce logistics costs, and boost infrastructure through government-funded projects.
• Ro-Pax Ferry Services:
  • These are Roll-on/Roll-off Passenger ferries, designed to carry both passengers and vehicles (cargo), improving transport across coastal and river routes.
• National Technology Centre for Ports, Waterways and Coasts (NTCPWC):
  • A technical arm of the Ministry of Ports established at IIT Chennai, responsible for research and innovation in port and coastal infrastructure.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs July 24

20. Which ministry is developing an exclusive online train ticket booking portal for Members of Parliament in India?
A) Ministry of Home Affairs
B) Ministry of Electronics and IT
C) Ministry of Transport
D) Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
E) Ministry of Railways
Answer: E) Ministry of Railways

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of an exclusive online train ticket booking portal for MPs
• Location: India
• Date: 23 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Railways has confirmed the development of a new online portal for booking reserved train tickets exclusively for sitting and former Members of Parliament (MPs), including both Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha members.
• Objectives: The objective is to simplify travel arrangements for MPs, enable online booking and cancellation of train tickets, and improve convenience and efficiency in the travel booking process for Parliamentarians.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Railways: The state-owned national railway system of India operated by the Ministry of Railways, responsible for most of the rail transport in the country.
• Members of Parliament (MPs): Elected or nominated individuals serving in the Lok Sabha (lower house) or Rajya Sabha (upper house) of the Indian Parliament.
• Reserved Train Tickets: Pre-booked train seats allocated through a computerized reservation system ensuring confirmed travel accommodation.

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21. From which station will the ‘Ambedkar Yatra with Panch Jyotirlinga Darshan’ Bharat Gaurav tourist train depart on August 16, 2025?
A) Pune
B) Nagpur
C) Hyderabad
D) Secunderabad
E) Aurangabad
Answer: D) Secunderabad

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ‘Ambedkar Yatra with Panch Jyotirlinga Darshan’ Bharat Gaurav Tourist Train
• Location: India (originating from Secunderabad)
• Date: 16 August 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The IRCTC is launching a special Bharat Gaurav tourist train titled ‘Ambedkar Yatra with Panch Jyotirlinga Darshan’, covering major religious and historical locations over a 9-day period.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to promote religious tourism and cultural heritage by providing pilgrims and tourists a comfortable, all-inclusive travel experience across prominent Jyotirlinga sites and Ambedkar-associated landmarks.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bharat Gaurav Train: A scheme launched by the Ministry of Railways to boost theme-based tourism across India, allowing private operators to run special tourist trains on important cultural routes.
• IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation): A public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Railways, responsible for online ticketing, catering, and tourism operations.
• Jyotirlinga: Sacred shrines of Lord Shiva spread across India, considered highly revered pilgrimage destinations in Hinduism.

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22. Which digital platform launched in 2016 enables farmers to sell their produce electronically to a large number of buyers?
A) GeM
B) e-RaKAM
C) e-MITRA
D) e-NAM
E) Agri-ONDC
Answer: D) e-NAM

Event and Location:

• Event: Government initiatives to increase farmers’ income through digital platforms and marketing reforms
• Location: India
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India has emphasized increasing farmers’ income through digital market platforms like e-NAM, ONDC, and GeM, supported by infrastructure schemes like AIF and MIDH.
• Objectives: The goal is to improve market access, reduce post-harvest losses, boost price realization, and ensure remunerative income for farmers by integrating technology, research, and infrastructure support.

Important Terms Explained:

• e-NAM (National Agriculture Market): A pan-India electronic trading portal launched in 2016 to connect APMCs across states, providing farmers a transparent and unified online market.
• ONDC (Open Network for Digital Commerce): A government-backed digital network that allows buyers and sellers in agriculture to connect transparently and efficiently.
• GeM (Government e-Marketplace): A digital platform for procurement of goods and services by government departments, also allowing FPOs to participate.
• Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF): A central sector scheme launched in 2020 to provide medium-to-long term debt financing for post-harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets.
• MIDH (Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture): A scheme promoting holistic development of the horticulture sector, including subsidy support for post-harvest infrastructure.
• Farmers’ Share in Consumer Rupee: Refers to the percentage of the final price paid by consumers that is received by the farmer; RBI estimates it to range from 31% to 43% depending on the crop.
• RBI Working Paper Series: Research publications by RBI staff aimed at analysis and policy debate; includes studies on price dynamics in TOP crops and fruits.

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23. How much incentive per acre per year is provided to farmers under the National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)?
A) ₹2000
B) ₹3000
C) ₹4000
D) ₹5000
E) ₹6000
Answer: C) ₹4000

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation progress of National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF)
• Location: India
• Date: 22 July 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF) is being implemented in 15,000 clusters covering 7.5 lakh hectares with over 10 lakh farmers enrolled. It includes capacity-building, model farms, and financial incentives.
• Objectives: The mission aims to promote chemical-free, sustainable farming, reduce input costs, boost soil health, and provide farmers with training, support systems, and market access through simplified certification mechanisms.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Mission on Natural Farming (NMNF): A government initiative focused on promoting natural, eco-friendly farming practices through training, handholding, and incentives.
• Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) – India: A locally focused quality assurance system for certifying organic and natural farming products, ensuring low-cost certification and enhanced market access.
• Bio-input Resource Centre (BRC): Local cluster-level units providing pre-prepared natural farming inputs and training to farmers; 2045 BRCs have already been established.
• Community Resource Persons (CRPs): Trained individuals supporting field-level implementation, training, and awareness for natural farming practices within local communities.

Tabular Summary:

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24. What is the total investment outlay approved by the Andhra Pradesh Cabinet in July 2025?
A) ₹50,000 crore
B) ₹60,000 crore
C) ₹70,000 crore
D) ₹80,000 crore
E) ₹90,000 crore
Answer: D) ₹80,000 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Cabinet clears ₹80,000 crore investment proposals and approves metro projects
• Location: Andhra Pradesh, India
• Date: July 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Approval of ₹80,000 crore worth of investments across industrial, IT, and infrastructure sectors
  • Tendering initiated for Visakhapatnam Metro Phase I and in-principle approval for Vijayawada Metro
  • Allocation of land and incentives for IT, manufacturing, data hubs, and hotel projects
• Objectives:
  • To generate 1.5 lakh new jobs and strengthen Andhra’s industrial and digital economy
  • Position Visakhapatnam as a data hub and boost infrastructure with metro connectivity
  • Promote sustainable energy with pumped storage and Green Hydrogen Valley initiatives

Important Terms Explained:

• Andhra Pradesh Electronic Components Manufacturing Policy 4.0:
  • Aimed at building a robust electronics manufacturing ecosystem by encouraging private investment and job creation in the sector.
• Green Hydrogen Valley Declaration:
  • A strategic move to position Andhra Pradesh in the green hydrogen economy for decarbonization of industry and mobility.
• Metro Rail Projects (Visakhapatnam & Vijayawada):
  • Large-scale urban infrastructure developments with 50:50 joint venture funding between state and central governments.
• Pumped Storage Power Project:
  • A renewable energy initiative utilizing stored water to generate electricity during peak demand, enhancing grid stability.

Tabular Summary:

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25. What is the primary goal of the recent collaboration between the Department of Posts and NPCI International Payments Limited?
A) Launch a joint postal insurance scheme
B) Facilitate real-time cross-border remittances via UPI
C) Start an international savings account program
D) Replace all international couriers with UPI delivery
E) Merge NPCI and India Post into one entity
Answer: B) Facilitate real-time cross-border remittances via UPI

Event and Location:

• Event: Signing of NDA between Department of Posts and NPCI International to boost inward remittances
• Location: New Delhi, India (Global operational scope)
• Date: July 24, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Signing of a Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) between Department of Posts (DoP) and NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL)
  • Integration of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with Universal Postal Union’s Interconnection Platform (UPU-IP)
  • Creation of a seamless, secure, and affordable cross-border remittance ecosystem for the Indian diaspora
• Objectives:
  • To reduce remittance costs and enhance accessibility in remote regions
  • To provide real-time transaction capabilities for inward payments
  • To promote financial inclusion and convenience for Indian families dependent on diaspora remittances

Important Terms Explained:

• Unified Payments Interface (UPI):
  • A real-time payment system developed by NPCI that enables instant money transfers between bank accounts using mobile apps.
• NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL):
  • The global arm of NPCI focused on expanding the reach of UPI and RuPay outside India by forming strategic international partnerships.
• Universal Postal Union – Interconnection Platform (UPU-IP):
  • A digital infrastructure developed under UPU for enabling efficient cross-border postal financial services among member countries.
• Remittance:
  • The act of transferring money, typically by a foreign worker to individuals in their home country, often critical for household income.
• Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA):
  • A legal contract between parties that outlines confidentiality of shared information during collaborative projects.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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