Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

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October 31–November 1 | Daily Current Affairs 2026

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

1. On which date was Madhya Pradesh formed under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, which is commemorated annually as Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day?
A) November 1, 1950
B) November 1, 1956
C) November 1, 1960
D) November 1, 1972
E) November 1, 2000
Answer: B) November 1, 1956.

Event and Location:

• Event: Madhya Pradesh Foundation Day (Madhya Pradesh Diwas) 2026 was observed to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the state’s formation on November 1, 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
• Location: Madhya Pradesh, Central India, with major celebrations in the state capital, Bhopal.
• Date: November 1, 2026, marking 70 years since the formation of Madhya Pradesh.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Madhya Pradesh celebrated its 70th Foundation Day through official functions, cultural programmes, public celebrations, exhibitions and award ceremonies, commemorating the integration of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, Bhopal State and territories of the former Madhya Pradesh into a reorganised state on November 1, 1956.
• Objectives: To commemorate the historical formation and administrative reorganisation of Madhya Pradesh, promote awareness of its cultural and tribal heritage, celebrate regional unity and diversity, recognise developmental achievements and strengthen public appreciation of the state’s historical, geographical and economic significance.

Important Terms Explained:

• Madhya Pradesh Diwas: An annual state foundation observance celebrated on November 1 to commemorate the creation of the reorganised state of Madhya Pradesh in 1956, with 2026 marking its 70th anniversary.
• States Reorganisation Act, 1956: A major Indian parliamentary legislation that reorganised state boundaries, primarily on linguistic and administrative considerations, and came into effect on November 1, 1956, resulting in the formation of the reorganised Madhya Pradesh.
• States Reorganisation Commission (SRC): A commission established in 1953 under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali to recommend changes to India’s state boundaries based on linguistic, administrative and other considerations.
• Madhya Bharat: A former union of princely states in Central India that was merged into the reorganised Madhya Pradesh in 1956.
• Vindhya Pradesh: A former Indian state comprising princely territories of the Vindhya region that became part of Madhya Pradesh under the 1956 reorganisation.
• Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000: Parliamentary legislation that provided for the creation of Chhattisgarh from the southeastern territories of Madhya Pradesh, with the new state coming into existence on November 1, 2000.
• Heart of India: A popular geographical description of Madhya Pradesh arising from its central location within India and its diverse cultural heritage, landscapes, forests and historical sites.
• Narmada River: A major west-flowing river of peninsular India that passes through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges and flows towards the Arabian Sea.

Tabular Summary:

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2. What is the theme of Chhattisgarh Rajyotsav 2026, celebrated to mark the state’s 26th formation anniversary?
A) Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat
B) Samriddh Chhattisgarh, Viksit Bharat
C) Sashakt Nari, Yuva Udaan
D) Nari Shakti, Rashtra Shakti
E) Sanskriti, Samriddhi aur Vikas
Answer: C) Sashakt Nari, Yuva Udaan.

Event and Location:

• Event: Chhattisgarh Formation Day 2026 (Chhattisgarh Rajyotsav) marked the 26th anniversary of the state’s formation from Madhya Pradesh on November 1, 2000, with the theme “Sashakt Nari, Yuva Udaan”, emphasising women’s empowerment and youth development.
• Location: Rajya Utsav Sthal, Sector 15, Nava Raipur (Atal Nagar), Chhattisgarh, India.
• Date: November 1, 2026, with Rajyotsav celebrations scheduled from November 1 to 3, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of Chhattisgarh organised three-day Rajyotsav celebrations from November 1 to 3, 2026, commemorating 26 years of statehood under the Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000. The celebrations included an inaugural ceremony by Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya, Indian Air Force aerial demonstrations by the Sarang Helicopter Display Team and Akashganga Parachute Display Team, cultural programmes, district-level celebrations and the Rajya Alankaran Samaroh, with Union Home Minister Amit Shah scheduled to attend the closing ceremony.
• Objectives: To commemorate Chhattisgarh’s formation, preserve its distinctive regional and tribal heritage, promote women’s empowerment and youth participation, highlight developmental achievements, recognise outstanding contributions through state honours and encourage inclusive social and economic progress.

Important Terms Explained:

• Chhattisgarh Rajyotsav: The annual state foundation celebration observed on November 1 to commemorate Chhattisgarh’s formation in 2000, featuring cultural programmes, public events, exhibitions and recognition of achievements.
• Sashakt Nari, Yuva Udaan: The theme of Chhattisgarh Rajyotsav 2026, meaning “Empowered Women, Rising Youth”, focusing on women’s empowerment, youth development, participation and inclusive growth.
• Madhya Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000: Parliamentary legislation that provided the legal framework for separating Chhattisgarh from Madhya Pradesh. It received presidential assent on August 25, 2000, and enabled the creation of Chhattisgarh on November 1, 2000.
• Article 3 of the Indian Constitution: A constitutional provision empowering Parliament to form new states, alter the boundaries or areas of existing states, and change state names through legislation, subject to the prescribed constitutional procedure.
• Article 4 of the Indian Constitution: A provision allowing laws enacted under Articles 2 and 3 to include necessary amendments to the First and Fourth Schedules and related supplemental provisions without being treated as constitutional amendments under Article 368.
• Dakshin Kosala: An ancient historical name associated with the region that includes present-day Chhattisgarh, reflecting its historical kingdoms, cultural traditions and regional heritage.
• Sarang Helicopter Display Team: An Indian Air Force aerobatic helicopter demonstration team known for coordinated formation flying and aerial displays using helicopters.
• Akashganga Parachute Display Team: The Indian Air Force’s parachute demonstration team that performs precision skydiving and aerial displays during national events and public celebrations.
• Rajya Alankaran Samaroh: A state-level honours ceremony conducted during Chhattisgarh Rajyotsav to recognise distinguished achievements and contributions in various fields.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Which Act led to the formation of modern Punjab and the creation of Haryana as a separate state on November 1, 1966?
A) States Reorganisation Act, 1956
B) Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966
C) Government of India Act, 1935
D) Haryana Formation Act, 1965
E) Indian Independence Act, 1947
Answer: B) Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966.

Event and Location:

• Event: Punjab Formation Day 2026 (Punjab Day) was observed to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the reorganisation of Punjab under the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, which created modern Punjab, established Haryana as a separate state and transferred certain hill regions to Himachal Pradesh.
• Location: Punjab, India, with Chandigarh serving as the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.
• Date: November 1, 2026, marking 60 years since the reorganisation of Punjab on November 1, 1966.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Punjab Formation Day commemorates the implementation of the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, which reorganised the former Punjab state into Punjabi-speaking Punjab and Hindi-speaking Haryana, transferred specified hill territories to Himachal Pradesh and established Chandigarh as a Union Territory and the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana.
• Objectives: To commemorate the formation of modern Punjab, recognise the historical significance of the Punjabi Suba Movement, celebrate Punjabi linguistic and cultural identity, promote awareness of India’s state reorganisation process and acknowledge Punjab’s contributions to agriculture, the freedom struggle and national development.

Important Terms Explained:

• Punjab Formation Day: An annual observance on November 1 commemorating the formation of modern Punjab in 1966 following the linguistic and administrative reorganisation of the former Punjab state.
• Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966: Parliamentary legislation enacted on September 18, 1966, and implemented on November 1, 1966, which reorganised Punjab, created Haryana, transferred specified territories to Himachal Pradesh and established Chandigarh as a Union Territory.
• Punjabi Suba Movement: A political and linguistic movement during the 1950s and 1960s demanding the creation of a Punjabi-speaking state to protect and promote Punjabi language, culture and regional identity.
• Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU): A former Indian state formed in 1948 through the integration of several princely states, including Patiala, which was merged with Punjab under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
• States Reorganisation Act, 1956: A parliamentary legislation that reorganised India’s states primarily on linguistic and administrative considerations and facilitated the merger of PEPSU with Punjab in 1956.
• Article 3 of the Indian Constitution: A constitutional provision empowering Parliament to form new states, alter the areas or boundaries of existing states and change state names through legislation, subject to prescribed constitutional procedures.
• Chandigarh Union Territory: A Union Territory established during Punjab’s reorganisation in 1966 that serves as the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana while being administered by the Central Government.
• Land of Five Rivers: A traditional description of Punjab derived from the Persian words Panj (five) and Ab (water), referring to the Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum rivers historically associated with the Punjab region.

Tabular Summary:

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4. Which commission, established in April 1966 under Justice J. C. Shah, recommended the territorial reorganisation that led to the formation of Haryana on November 1, 1966?
A) Fazl Ali Commission
B) Sarkaria Commission
C) Shah Commission
D) Dhar Commission
E) Punchhi Commission
Answer: C) Shah Commission.

Event and Location:

• Event: Haryana Day 2026 was observed to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Haryana’s formation from Punjab on November 1, 1966, under the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, following recommendations of the Shah Commission.
• Location: Haryana, India, with Chandigarh serving as the joint capital of Haryana and Punjab.
• Date: November 1, 2026, marking 60 years since Haryana’s formation on November 1, 1966.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Haryana Day commemorates the creation of Haryana as a separate state from the Hindi-speaking regions of Punjab following the recommendations of the Shah Commission headed by Justice J. C. Shah. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, established Haryana, designated Chandigarh as a Union Territory and joint capital of Punjab and Haryana, and transferred certain hill territories to Himachal Pradesh. The anniversary is observed through cultural programmes, sporting events, cycling parades, food festivals, blood donation drives and public celebrations.
• Objectives: To commemorate Haryana’s statehood, recognise the historical movement for linguistic and administrative reorganisation, preserve regional culture and traditions, celebrate achievements in agriculture and economic development, and promote public awareness of Haryana’s historical significance and contributions to India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Haryana Day: An annual state foundation observance celebrated on November 1 to commemorate the establishment of Haryana as a separate state in 1966, with 2026 marking its 60th anniversary.
• Shah Commission: A commission established by the Government of India in April 1966 under Justice J. C. Shah to examine Punjab’s territorial reorganisation and recommend boundaries for the proposed state of Haryana. It submitted its recommendations in May 1966.
• Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966: Parliamentary legislation that came into effect on November 1, 1966, creating Haryana from the former Punjab state, reorganising Punjab’s boundaries, establishing Chandigarh as a Union Territory and transferring specified hill regions to Himachal Pradesh.
• Article 3 of the Indian Constitution: A constitutional provision empowering Parliament to form new states, alter the areas or boundaries of existing states, merge territories and change state names through legislation, subject to prescribed constitutional procedures.
• Linguistic Reorganisation: The administrative restructuring of states or territories primarily on the basis of languages spoken by their populations, aimed at improving regional representation and governance.
• Chandigarh Union Territory: A centrally administered Union Territory established during the 1966 reorganisation of Punjab that serves as the common capital of Haryana and Punjab.
• Rakhigarhi: An important archaeological site associated with the Harappan or Indus Valley Civilisation, located in Haryana’s Hisar district and recognised for its significance in understanding ancient urban settlements.
• Kurukshetra: A historically and religiously significant region in Haryana traditionally associated with the Mahabharata and the teachings of the Bhagavad Gita.

Tabular Summary:

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5. In which year was Mysore State officially renamed Karnataka, following the unification of Kannada-speaking regions in 1956?
A) 1956
B) 1960
C) 1969
D) 1973
E) 1980
Answer: D) 1973.

Event and Location:

• Event: Karnataka Rajyotsava 2026 (Kannada Rajyotsava) commemorated the 70th anniversary of the unification of Kannada-speaking regions into the enlarged Mysore State on November 1, 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
• Location: Karnataka, India, with celebrations organised across the state by government institutions, educational organisations and cultural associations.
• Date: November 1, 2026, marking 70 years since the unification of Kannada-speaking regions in 1956.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Karnataka Rajyotsava commemorates the integration of Kannada-speaking regions from Mysore, Bombay, Madras and Hyderabad states, along with Coorg, into the enlarged Mysore State on November 1, 1956. The state was subsequently renamed Karnataka on November 1, 1973, under the Mysore State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1973. The occasion is marked through flag hoisting, cultural programmes, Kannada literary activities, performances of the state song and presentation of Karnataka Rajyotsava Awards.
• Objectives: To commemorate Karnataka’s linguistic unification, preserve and promote the Kannada language, literature and cultural heritage, honour the contributions of leaders associated with the Karnataka Ekikarana Movement, recognise outstanding achievements through state awards and strengthen regional unity and cultural identity.

Important Terms Explained:

• Karnataka Rajyotsava: An annual state formation celebration observed on November 1 to commemorate the integration of Kannada-speaking regions into the enlarged Mysore State in 1956, with 2026 marking the 70th anniversary of unification.
• Karnataka Ekikarana Movement: A historical movement advocating the political and administrative unification of Kannada-speaking regions that were previously divided among different princely states and British-era administrative territories.
• States Reorganisation Act, 1956: Parliamentary legislation that reorganised India’s state boundaries primarily on linguistic and administrative considerations, enabling the integration of Kannada-speaking territories into the enlarged Mysore State on November 1, 1956.
• Mysore State (Alteration of Name) Act, 1973: Parliamentary legislation that officially changed the name of Mysore State to Karnataka on November 1, 1973, reflecting the broader linguistic and cultural identity of the unified state.
• Aluru Venkata Rao: A prominent Kannada writer, historian and advocate of Karnataka’s unification, popularly known as Karnataka Kulapurohita for his contributions to the Kannada identity and Ekikarana Movement.
• Karnataka Kulapurohita: An honorary title associated with Aluru Venkata Rao, recognising his leading role in promoting the historical, cultural and linguistic unity of Kannada-speaking regions.
• Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate: The official state song of Karnataka, composed by renowned Kannada poet Kuvempu, celebrating the state’s cultural identity, heritage and connection with India.
• Karnataka Rajyotsava Awards: State-level honours presented by the Government of Karnataka to recognise distinguished contributions in fields such as literature, arts, education, science, social service and other areas of public achievement.

Tabular Summary:

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6. On which date was Andhra Pradesh formed by merging Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking Telangana region of the former Hyderabad State?
A) October 1, 1953
B) November 1, 1956
C) November 1, 1960
D) June 2, 2014
E) August 15, 1947
Answer: B) November 1, 1956.

Event and Location:

• Event: Andhra Pradesh Formation Day 2026 commemorated the 70th anniversary of the formation of Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956, through the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking Telangana region of the former Hyderabad State under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
• Location: Andhra Pradesh, southeastern India, with Amaravati as its capital region.
• Date: November 1, 2026, marking 70 years since the formation of Andhra Pradesh in 1956.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Andhra Pradesh Formation Day commemorates the creation of the unified Telugu-speaking state on November 1, 1956, following the Andhra State Movement, Potti Sriramulu’s sacrifice and the recommendations of the States Reorganisation Commission. The observance also highlights the formation of Andhra State in 1953 and the subsequent bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh on June 2, 2014, under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, which established Telangana as a separate state.
• Objectives: To commemorate the historical formation and linguistic unification of Andhra Pradesh, recognise the contributions of Potti Sriramulu and the Andhra State Movement, preserve Telugu language and cultural identity, promote awareness of constitutional state reorganisation and highlight the state’s historical, geographical, agricultural and economic significance.

Important Terms Explained:

• Andhra Pradesh Formation Day: An annual state formation observance on November 1 commemorating the creation of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 through the integration of Telugu-speaking regions, with 2026 marking its 70th anniversary.
• Andhra State Movement: A political and linguistic movement demanding a separate administrative state for Telugu-speaking populations, particularly those living in the former Madras State.
• Potti Sriramulu: An Indian freedom fighter and social reformer who undertook a hunger strike beginning on October 19, 1952, demanding a separate Andhra State. He died on December 15, 1952, after 58 days of fasting, intensifying the movement for statehood.
• Andhra State Act, 1953: Parliamentary legislation that enabled the formation of Andhra State on October 1, 1953, by separating Telugu-speaking territories from Madras State, with Kurnool as its capital and Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu as its first Chief Minister.
• States Reorganisation Commission (SRC): A commission established in December 1953 under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali, with K. M. Panikkar and H. N. Kunzru as members, to examine India’s state boundaries based on linguistic, administrative, geographical, economic and national considerations.
• States Reorganisation Act, 1956: Parliamentary legislation that reorganised India’s state boundaries and facilitated the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad State to establish Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956.
• Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014: Parliamentary legislation that provided for the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh and the creation of Telangana on June 2, 2014, while allowing Hyderabad to serve as the common capital for a transitional period of up to ten years.
• Article 3 of the Indian Constitution: A constitutional provision empowering Parliament to create new states, alter existing state boundaries, change territorial areas and rename states, subject to presidential recommendation and the prescribed procedure for seeking the views of affected state legislatures.
• Article 4 of the Indian Constitution: A provision permitting consequential amendments to the First and Fourth Schedules through legislation enacted under Articles 2 and 3 without requiring the constitutional amendment procedure prescribed under Article 368.

Tabular Summary:

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7. On which date was Kerala formed through the integration of Malayalam-speaking regions under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956?
A) July 1, 1949
B) November 1, 1953
C) November 1, 1956
D) November 1, 1960
E) November 1, 1973
Answer: C) November 1, 1956.

Event and Location:

• Event: Kerala Piravi 2026 (Kerala Formation Day) commemorated the 70th anniversary of the formation of Kerala on November 1, 1956, through the integration of Malayalam-speaking regions of Travancore-Cochin, Malabar and Kasaragod under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
• Location: Kerala, southwestern India, with celebrations organised across the state through cultural and educational programmes.
• Date: November 1, 2026, marking 70 years since the formation of Kerala in 1956.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Kerala Piravi commemorates the establishment of Kerala on November 1, 1956, through the linguistic reorganisation of Travancore-Cochin and the integration of Malayalam-speaking territories, including Malabar and Kasaragod. The observance includes cultural programmes, Malayalam poetry recitations, literary competitions, educational activities, traditional music and the wearing of Kerala’s traditional attire.
• Objectives: To commemorate Kerala’s linguistic unification and statehood, preserve and promote the Malayalam language, literature and cultural heritage, recognise the historical contributions of Travancore, Cochin and Malabar, and strengthen awareness of the state’s social, cultural and historical identity.

Important Terms Explained:

• Kerala Piravi: An annual state formation observance celebrated on November 1 to commemorate the creation of Kerala in 1956. The Malayalam word Piravi means birth, and 2026 marked the state’s 70th formation anniversary.
• States Reorganisation Act, 1956: Parliamentary legislation that reorganised India’s state boundaries primarily on linguistic and administrative considerations, enabling the formation of Kerala through the integration of Malayalam-speaking territories on November 1, 1956.
• Travancore-Cochin State: A former Indian state established on July 1, 1949, through the merger of the princely states of Travancore and Cochin, which subsequently formed a major part of Kerala in 1956.
• Malabar Region: A historically significant Malayalam-speaking region of northern Kerala that was previously administered under the Madras Presidency and later Madras State before becoming part of Kerala in 1956.
• Kasaragod Region: A Malayalam-speaking region in northern Kerala that was integrated into the newly formed state in 1956 as part of India’s linguistic reorganisation.
• Linguistic Reorganisation: The restructuring of administrative boundaries primarily according to the languages spoken by regional populations, aimed at bringing communities with common linguistic and cultural identities under unified administration.
• Mundu: A traditional garment commonly worn by men in Kerala, consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth wrapped around the waist and associated with the state’s cultural identity.
• Settu Mundu: A traditional two-piece women’s attire in Kerala, generally consisting of a lower garment and an upper drape, commonly worn during festivals and cultural celebrations.
• Kasavu Saree: A traditional Kerala saree, typically cream or off-white with a golden border, representing an important element of Kerala’s cultural dress and festive traditions.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

8. Which Indian wrestler became the first woman from India to win a freestyle gold medal at the World Wrestling Championships 2026 in Astana, Kazakhstan?
A) Neelam Sirohi
B) Kajal Dhochak
C) Tanu Sharma
D) Manisha Bhanwala
E) Vinesh Phogat
Answer: D) Manisha Bhanwala.

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian wrestler Manisha Bhanwala won India’s first-ever women’s freestyle gold medal at the World Wrestling Championships 2026, defeating American wrestler Abigail Nette 8–6 in the women’s 59kg final after recovering from a 6–0 deficit.
• Location: Astana, Kazakhstan.
• Date: October 2026, with the achievement reported on October 31–November 1, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Manisha Bhanwala secured the women’s 59kg freestyle world title at the 2026 World Wrestling Championships, becoming India’s second senior wrestling world champion after Sushil Kumar in 2010. India finished the championship with four medals in women’s freestyle wrestling, comprising one gold, two silver and one bronze.
• Objectives: To achieve international excellence in women’s freestyle wrestling, strengthen India’s representation at senior-level global competitions, promote competitive wrestling across multiple weight categories and establish India as a medal-winning nation in international wrestling championships.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Wrestling Championships: An international wrestling competition organised by United World Wrestling (UWW), featuring senior-level competitions in men’s freestyle, women’s freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling.
• Women’s Freestyle Wrestling: A wrestling discipline in which female wrestlers compete in designated weight categories using techniques such as takedowns, throws, holds and pins to defeat opponents through points or a fall.
• 59kg Freestyle Category: A women’s wrestling weight division for competitors weighing up to 59 kilograms, classified as a non-Olympic weight category in the reported competition.
• Technical Superiority: A wrestling victory awarded when a competitor establishes a sufficiently large points advantage, generally 10 points in freestyle wrestling, resulting in the termination of the bout.
• Victory by Fall: A wrestling victory achieved when a competitor holds both shoulders of the opponent against the mat under the required conditions, ending the bout immediately regardless of the points score.
• Senior World Champion: A wrestler who wins a gold medal in a senior-level World Wrestling Championships weight category, with Manisha Bhanwala becoming India’s second senior world champion after Sushil Kumar.
• Non-Olympic Weight Category: A wrestling weight division contested at international championships but not included among the weight categories scheduled for the Olympic Games, such as women’s 59kg and 65kg freestyle.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which two Indian sports personalities were nominated by the Union Sports Ministry to the Organising Company Board of the 2030 Commonwealth Games in Ahmedabad?
A) P. V. Sindhu and Sachin Tendulkar
B) Saina Nehwal and Rahul Dravid
C) Mary Kom and Virat Kohli
D) P. T. Usha and Anil Kumble
E) Saina Nehwal and Abhinav Bindra
Answer: B) Saina Nehwal and Rahul Dravid.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Union Sports Ministry nominated Olympic medallist Saina Nehwal and former Indian cricket captain Rahul Dravid as sporting community representatives on the 2030 Commonwealth Games Organising Company Board, alongside private sector representatives Jinal Mehta and Ananya Birla.
• Location: Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, the host city for the 2030 Commonwealth Games.
• Date: October 31–November 1, 2026 (news publication date).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Sports Ministry nominated Saina Nehwal and Rahul Dravid to the organising board for the 2030 Commonwealth Games, while Jinal Mehta and Ananya Birla were nominated as private sector representatives. The proposed board structure includes Gujarat Deputy Chief Minister Harsh Sanghavi as Chairperson, Union Sports Secretary Hari Ranjan Rao and Indian Olympic Association President P. T. Usha as Vice Chairpersons, and senior Gujarat bureaucrat M. Thennarasan as Chief Executive Officer.
• Objectives: To ensure athlete-focused planning, incorporate sporting and corporate expertise into event governance, strengthen financial and organisational management, improve infrastructure and competition preparations, and facilitate the successful hosting of the centenary Commonwealth Games in Ahmedabad in 2030.

Important Terms Explained:

• Commonwealth Games (CWG): A major international multi-sport competition involving athletes from Commonwealth nations and territories, first held in 1930, with the 2030 edition marking its centenary and scheduled to take place in Ahmedabad.
• 2030 Commonwealth Games Organising Company Board: The proposed governing body responsible for overseeing preparations, infrastructure development, competition arrangements, financial management and organisational coordination for the Ahmedabad 2030 Commonwealth Games.
• Indian Olympic Association (IOA): India’s National Olympic Committee responsible for representing the country within the Olympic movement and coordinating Indian participation in major international multi-sport competitions, including the Commonwealth Games.
• Union Sports Ministry: The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, responsible for national sports development policies, athlete support, sports infrastructure and coordination of major sporting initiatives.
• Athlete Representation in Sports Governance: The inclusion of experienced sportspersons in decision-making bodies to incorporate athletes’ perspectives into competition planning, training facilities, accommodation, logistics and sporting requirements.
• Public-Private Sector Participation: The involvement of government institutions and private sector representatives in planning, financing and managing major sporting events through complementary administrative, commercial and organisational expertise.
• GoSports Foundation: An Indian non-profit organisation supporting talented athletes, including Olympic and Paralympic sportspersons, through development programmes and professional assistance. Rahul Dravid joined its Board of Advisors in 2014.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

10. What is the official reference date fixed for India’s Population Census 2027, as announced by the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India?
A) January 10, 2027
B) January 25, 2027
C) February 28, 2027
D) March 1, 2027
E) March 5, 2027
Answer: D) March 1, 2027.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI) announced the schedule for Population Census 2027, with self-enumeration from January 10 to 24, house-to-house enumeration from January 25 to February 28, and March 1, 2027, fixed as the official reference date.
• Location: India, covering states and Union Territories, with separate schedules applicable to specified states and snowbound regions.
• Date: October 30, 2026 (announcement date), with the official census reference date fixed at March 1, 2027, at 00:00 hours.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, under the Ministry of Home Affairs, announced the Population Census 2027 schedule, including digital self-enumeration from January 10–24, house-to-house population enumeration from January 25–February 28, and a revision round from March 1–5, 2027. Separate schedules will apply to Manipur, Goa, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Ladakh and specified snowbound regions of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir.
• Objectives: To collect comprehensive and accurate demographic information on India’s population, including population size, geographical distribution, age, literacy, occupation and living conditions, while improving data collection through digital self-enumeration and supporting government planning, public policy formulation, resource allocation, administration and research.

Important Terms Explained:

• Population Census: An official nationwide exercise conducted to systematically collect, compile and analyse demographic, social and economic information about the population, including age, literacy, occupation and living conditions.
• Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI): The authority responsible for coordinating and conducting the Census of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
• Self-Enumeration: A census data collection method allowing individuals or households to submit their demographic information directly through a digital platform before the commencement of regular house-to-house enumeration.
• House-to-House Enumeration: The process in which designated census enumerators visit households to collect and verify population-related information, ensuring systematic geographical coverage.
• Census Reference Date: The specific date and time to which population information relates, providing a uniform statistical reference point. For Census 2027, it is March 1, 2027, at 00:00 hours.
• Revision Round: A follow-up census exercise conducted after the main enumeration to update or correct population information and account for relevant demographic changes before finalisation.
• Non-Synchronous Census Areas: Geographical regions where census enumeration is conducted on a different schedule because of climatic, geographical, administrative or logistical conditions, particularly in snowbound areas.
• Digital Census: A technology-enabled census process involving electronic data collection and self-enumeration, intended to improve accessibility, efficiency and accuracy in population data collection.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

11. What was the total value of India’s foreign exchange reserves in the week ended October 23, 2026, after declining for the seventh consecutive week?
A) $785.7 billion
B) $721.1 billion
C) $719.8 billion
D) $715.6 billion
E) $725.4 billion
Answer: C) $719.8 billion.

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s foreign exchange (forex) reserves declined by approximately $1.3 billion to $719.8 billion for the seventh consecutive week, primarily due to a fall in gold reserve valuations despite an increase in foreign currency assets.
• Location: India, with foreign exchange reserves managed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• Date: Week ended October 23, 2026, with the news reported on October 31–November 1, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: India’s forex reserves decreased from $721.1 billion to $719.8 billion during the reporting week, as gold reserves fell by $2.7 billion while foreign currency assets increased by $1.4 billion. The RBI reportedly intervened in the foreign exchange market by selling US dollars to moderate excessive exchange rate volatility.
• Objectives: To maintain adequate foreign exchange reserves for external payment obligations, manage excessive currency market volatility, support financial stability and maintain confidence in India’s external sector amid fluctuations in international gold prices and major global currencies.

Important Terms Explained:

• Foreign Exchange Reserves: External assets held by a country’s central bank, including foreign currency assets, monetary gold, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and reserve positions in the International Monetary Fund (IMF), used to support external payments and currency stability.
• Foreign Currency Assets (FCA): The largest component of India’s forex reserves, consisting mainly of foreign currency-denominated securities and deposits, whose US dollar value changes with exchange rates, investment returns and market valuations.
• Gold Reserves: Gold assets held by the RBI as part of India’s official reserves, whose reported US dollar value fluctuates with international gold prices and currency exchange rates.
• Forex Market Intervention: The buying or selling of foreign currencies by a central bank to reduce excessive exchange rate volatility, with RBI dollar sales generally reducing its foreign currency holdings.
• Valuation Losses: Reductions in the reported value of reserve assets caused by changes in international market prices or exchange rates without necessarily involving actual sales of those assets.
• Special Drawing Rights (SDRs): International reserve assets created by the IMF to supplement member countries’ official reserves, with their value determined by a basket of major international currencies.
• Reserve Tranche Position (RTP): The portion of a country’s IMF quota that is readily available for withdrawal and is included in its official foreign exchange reserves.

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12. What percentage of the annual Budget Estimate did India’s fiscal deficit reach during April–September FY27 (2026–27)?
A) 36.5%
B) 42.1%
C) 44.5%
D) 47.7%
E) 43.3%
Answer: B) 42.1%.

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s fiscal deficit reached ₹7.14 trillion (₹7.14 lakh crore) during April–September FY27, accounting for 42.1% of the annual Budget Estimate, compared with ₹5.7 trillion during the corresponding period of FY26.
• Location: India, covering the financial operations of the Central Government.
• Date: April 1 to September 30, 2026, with the figures reported on October 31–November 1, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Central Government recorded a fiscal deficit of ₹7.14 trillion during the first half of FY27, reflecting higher government expenditure and capital investment. Total expenditure increased to ₹25.5 trillion, capital expenditure reached ₹6.5 trillion, net tax receipts stood at ₹12.76 trillion, and non-tax revenue rose to ₹4.8 trillion.
• Objectives: To maintain the government’s annual fiscal deficit target of 4.3% of GDP, equivalent to approximately ₹16.96 trillion, while supporting economic growth through infrastructure development, capital investment and public expenditure, alongside fiscal discipline and sustainable public finances.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fiscal Deficit: The difference between the government’s total expenditure and total receipts excluding borrowings, indicating the amount required to finance the expenditure gap, generally through borrowing. Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure − Total Receipts (excluding borrowings).
• Budget Estimates (BE): The government’s projected revenue receipts, expenditure, borrowings and fiscal indicators for a financial year, presented in the Union Budget and used to monitor fiscal performance.
• Fiscal Deficit-to-GDP Ratio: The fiscal deficit expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), indicating the size of the government’s borrowing requirement relative to the national economy. India’s FY27 target was 4.3% of GDP.
• Net Tax Receipts: Tax revenue retained by the Central Government after deducting the share of central taxes transferred to State Governments. Net tax receipts reached ₹12.76 trillion during April–September FY27.
• Non-Tax Revenue: Government income from sources other than taxation, including dividends, profits from public sector enterprises, interest receipts, administrative fees and service charges. India’s non-tax revenue reached ₹4.8 trillion during the reporting period.
• Capital Expenditure (Capex): Government spending on creating or acquiring long-term assets, including roads, railways, infrastructure and other development projects. Capital expenditure increased to ₹6.5 trillion during April–September FY27.
• Government Expenditure: The total spending undertaken by the government, including revenue expenditure and capital expenditure, to finance public services, administrative operations, welfare programmes and infrastructure development.
• Fiscal Consolidation: The process of managing government expenditure, improving revenue collection and reducing fiscal deficits over time to maintain sustainable public debt and fiscal stability.

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

13. Who has been appointed Chairman of the High-Level Committee on Banking for Viksit Bharat, constituted by the Government of India to recommend comprehensive banking sector reforms?
A) Shirish Chandra Murmu
B) N. S. Vishwanathan
C) Suresh N. Patel
D) Padmaja Chunduru
E) Nirmala Sitharaman
Answer: C) Suresh N. Patel.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Government of India constituted the High-Level Committee on Banking for Viksit Bharat, chaired by former Central Vigilance Commissioner Suresh N. Patel, to recommend comprehensive banking reforms aligned with India’s Viksit Bharat 2047 vision.
• Location: India, under the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
• Date: October 31–November 1, 2026 (news publication date), following the announcement in the Union Budget 2026–27.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Finance constituted a high-level committee with a six-month tenure to review India’s banking structure, regulatory framework, prudential norms, capital adequacy, cost of capital, private investment, technological advancements, artificial intelligence adoption, Priority Sector Lending and the Lead Bank Scheme, while examining international banking practices and recommending suitable reforms.
• Objectives: To develop a financially strong, technologically advanced, globally competitive and inclusive banking system capable of supporting sustainable economic growth, mobilising private investment, expanding institutional credit access and meeting India’s long-term development requirements under Viksit Bharat 2047.

Important Terms Explained:

• High-Level Committee on Banking for Viksit Bharat: A government-appointed committee chaired by Suresh N. Patel to evaluate India’s banking ecosystem and recommend reforms in regulation, banking structure, capital requirements, financial inclusion and technological modernisation within six months.
• Viksit Bharat 2047: The Government of India’s long-term vision to transform India into a developed nation by 2047, the centenary of independence, through sustained economic growth, infrastructure development, innovation and inclusive development.
• Prudential Norms: Regulatory standards governing banks’ financial soundness, including capital adequacy, asset classification, provisioning, liquidity management and risk controls, to safeguard depositors and maintain financial stability.
• Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR): A measure of a bank’s available regulatory capital relative to its risk-weighted assets, used to assess its ability to absorb financial losses and maintain financial stability.
• Cost of Capital: The financing cost incurred by businesses or financial institutions when raising funds through debt or equity, influencing borrowing decisions, investment opportunities and economic growth.
• Priority Sector Lending (PSL): An RBI-directed lending framework requiring banks to allocate a prescribed share of eligible credit to priority sectors, including agriculture, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), education, housing, export credit, social infrastructure and renewable energy.
• Lead Bank Scheme (LBS): An RBI-initiated framework introduced in 1969 under which designated banks coordinate banking development, financial inclusion and credit planning at the district level through cooperation with financial institutions and government agencies.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Banking: The application of advanced computational technologies to banking operations, including fraud detection, credit risk assessment, customer services, financial analysis, process automation and regulatory compliance.

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14. Who was appointed as the Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) of the Indian Air Force, effective from November 1, 2026?
A) Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit
B) Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia
C) Air Marshal Amar Preet Singh
D) Air Marshal S. P. Dharkar
E) Air Marshal Narmdeshwar Tiwari
Answer: B) Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Ministry of Defence appointed Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia, AVSM and VM, as the Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) of the Indian Air Force, succeeding Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit.
• Location: India, Indian Air Force Headquarters, New Delhi.
• Date: October 30, 2026 (appointment announcement), with effect from November 1, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia, serving as Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief of the Eastern Air Command, was appointed Vice Chief of the Air Staff with effect from November 1, 2026. He succeeds Air Marshal Ashutosh Dixit, who was scheduled to assume charge as the 29th Chief of the Air Staff on October 31–November 1, 2026.
• Objectives: To strengthen the Indian Air Force’s senior leadership, ensure continuity in operational planning and command responsibilities, support strategic decision-making, and enhance organisational readiness through the appointment of an experienced fighter pilot and senior military commander.

Important Terms Explained:

• Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS): A senior leadership position in the Indian Air Force responsible for assisting the Chief of the Air Staff in operational planning, administration, capability development and coordination of major Air Force activities.
• Indian Air Force (IAF): The aerial warfare branch of the Indian Armed Forces, established on October 8, 1932, responsible for protecting Indian airspace and conducting aerial operations in support of national defence.
• Eastern Air Command (EAC): An operational command of the Indian Air Force headquartered in Shillong, Meghalaya, responsible for overseeing air operations and air defence across India’s eastern and northeastern regions.
• National Defence Academy (NDA): A tri-service military training institution located at Khadakwasla, Pune, Maharashtra, that provides foundational training to officer cadets of the Indian Army, Navy and Air Force.
• Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment (TACDE): A specialised Indian Air Force institution responsible for developing advanced air combat tactics, operational doctrines and specialised combat training for fighter aircrew.
• Directorate of Air Staff Inspection (DASI): An Indian Air Force organisation responsible for evaluating operational preparedness, training standards, efficiency and compliance with prescribed procedures across Air Force units.
• Ati Vishisht Seva Medal (AVSM): An Indian military decoration awarded for distinguished service of an exceptional order, received by Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia in 2018.
• Vayu Sena Medal (VM): An Indian Air Force decoration awarded for gallantry or distinguished service, received by Air Marshal Inderpal Singh Walia in 2008 for distinguished service.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Who took charge as the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA) in October 2026?
A) Pradip Kumar Das
B) Jatin Kumar Nayak
C) Vivek Kumar Dewangan
D) Raj Kumar Singh
E) Gurdeep Singh
Answer: B) Jatin Kumar Nayak.

Event and Location:

• Event: Jatin Kumar Nayak took charge as the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of the Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA), bringing over 30 years of experience in corporate finance, project evaluation, resource mobilisation and financial management.
• Location: India, with IREDA headquartered in New Delhi and operating under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
• Date: October 31–November 1, 2026 (news publication date; exact assumption-of-charge date not specified).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Jatin Kumar Nayak assumed leadership of IREDA after serving as Executive Director (Finance) at REC Limited. His responsibilities include overseeing renewable energy financing, resource mobilisation, corporate financial management, project lending and strategic investments to support India’s renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors.
• Objectives: To strengthen IREDA’s financial capabilities, expand access to funding for renewable energy projects, support investments in solar, wind, hydropower and bioenergy, improve financial management and accelerate India’s transition towards sustainable and cleaner energy sources.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA): A government-owned financial institution under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, established in 1987 to provide financial assistance for renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy conservation projects across India.
• REC Limited: A public sector financial institution operating under the Ministry of Power that provides financing for power generation, transmission, distribution and related infrastructure projects. Jatin Kumar Nayak previously served as its Executive Director (Finance).
• National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC Limited): A Government of India public sector enterprise established in 1975, primarily engaged in developing and operating hydropower projects and expanding into other renewable energy sectors.
• National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO): A public sector enterprise under the Ministry of Mines, established in 1981, involved in bauxite mining, alumina refining, aluminium production and associated power generation.
• Resource Mobilisation: The process of raising financial resources through domestic and international markets, institutional borrowing, debt instruments and other financing channels to support organisational activities and project investments.
• Project Evaluation: The financial, technical and economic assessment of proposed projects to determine their feasibility, profitability, risks and suitability for financing or investment.
• Treasury Management: The management of an organisation’s cash flows, liquidity, investments, borrowing arrangements and financial risks to maintain operational efficiency and financial stability.
• Renewable Energy Financing: The provision of loans, investments and other financial assistance to projects involving sustainable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower and bioenergy.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

16. Which film won the highest number of awards at the 26th IIFA Awards 2026, securing 12 awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actor?
A) Saiyaara
B) Chhaava
C) Dhurandhar
D) Homebound
E) Jolly LLB 3
Answer: C) Dhurandhar.

Event and Location:

• Event: The 26th International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards 2026 recognised achievements in Indian cinema and digital entertainment, with Dhurandhar winning the highest number of awards (12), including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actor.
• Location: India (the specific venue and host city were not mentioned in the provided information).
• Date: October 31–November 1, 2026 (news publication date; the ceremony date was not specified).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The IIFA Awards 2026 recognised outstanding achievements across Indian films, technical categories, debut performances, digital films and web series, with Ranveer Singh winning Best Actor for Dhurandhar, Aneet Padda winning Best Actress for Saiyaara and Aditya Dhar receiving Best Director for Dhurandhar.
• Objectives: To honour excellence in acting, filmmaking, direction, music, storytelling, technical production and digital entertainment while recognising established performers, emerging talent and creative contributions to the Indian entertainment industry.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Indian Film Academy (IIFA) Awards: An international awards platform recognising artistic and technical excellence in Indian cinema, including acting, direction, music, storytelling and film production.
• Dhurandhar: The most awarded film at IIFA 2026, securing 12 awards, including Best Film, Best Director for Aditya Dhar, Best Actor for Ranveer Singh, Best Supporting Actor for Sanjay Dutt and Best Negative Role for Akshaye Khanna.
• Saiyaara: A film recognised for acting and music achievements, including Best Actress for Aneet Padda, Best Male Playback Singer for Faheem Abdullah, Best Lyrics for Irshad Kamil and Best Female Playback Singer for Shreya Ghoshal.
• Chhaava: A film that received major technical honours, including Best Sound Mixing for Alok De, Best Background Score for A. R. Rahman and Best Visual Effects for Assemblage Entertainment and Redefine.
• IIFA Digital Film Awards: Awards recognising excellence in films distributed through digital entertainment platforms, with Baramulla winning Best Picture and Sanya Malhotra receiving Best Female Leading Performance for Mrs.
• IIFA Digital Series Awards: Awards honouring achievements in web series and streaming entertainment, with The Ba**ds of Bollywood winning Best Series and Aryan Khan receiving Best Direction.
• Best Playback Singer: An award recognising a vocalist who performs a song recorded for use in a film, with Faheem Abdullah and Shreya Ghoshal winning the male and female categories, respectively, for Saiyaara.
• Best Visual Effects (VFX): A technical award recognising computer-generated imagery and other visual enhancements used in filmmaking, won by Assemblage Entertainment and Redefine for Chhaava.

Tabular Summary:

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17. How many police and security personnel were awarded the Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak on October 31–November 1, 2026, on the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel?
A) 390
B) 450
C) 490
D) 520
E) 550
Answer: C) 490.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak was awarded to 490 police and security personnel, including 14 officers from the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), in recognition of outstanding professional performance across five categories.
• Location: India, covering personnel from States, Union Territories, Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), Central Police Organisations (CPOs) and other eligible security and intelligence organisations.
• Date: October 31–November 1, 2026, coinciding with the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Home Affairs announced the Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak for 490 personnel from police forces, security organisations, intelligence wings, CAPFs, CPOs, the National Security Guard and Assam Rifles. Instituted through a notification dated February 1, 2024, the award recognises achievements in five categories: excellence in operations, outstanding service in investigation, exceptional performance, indomitable and daring intelligence service, and meritorious work in forensic science.
• Objectives: To recognise exemplary professional contributions, encourage excellence in policing and security operations, promote high professional standards, strengthen investigative and intelligence capabilities, acknowledge forensic science achievements and boost the morale of personnel serving in India’s law enforcement and security organisations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak: A national-level professional excellence medal instituted by the Ministry of Home Affairs on February 1, 2024, to recognise distinguished performance by eligible police, security, intelligence and forensic personnel across five categories.
• Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs): Central security forces operating under the Ministry of Home Affairs and responsible for duties including border security, internal security, counter-insurgency and protection of critical establishments.
• Central Police Organisations (CPOs): Central-level policing and law enforcement organisations performing specialised functions related to investigation, intelligence, police administration and security coordination.
• Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): India’s premier central investigating agency responsible for investigating specified corruption cases, economic offences and serious crimes within its legal jurisdiction. Fourteen CBI officers were included among the 2026 medal recipients.
• National Security Guard (NSG): A specialised Indian counter-terrorism force established in 1984 to conduct counter-terrorism operations, hostage rescue and other designated high-risk security missions.
• Assam Rifles: One of India’s oldest paramilitary forces, responsible for guarding the India–Myanmar border and undertaking counter-insurgency and internal security duties, particularly in the northeastern region.
• Forensic Science: The application of scientific methods and techniques to criminal investigations, including examination of physical, biological and digital evidence to support law enforcement and judicial processes.
• National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas): An annual observance on October 31 commemorating the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and promoting national unity, integrity and solidarity.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

18. Which satellite was successfully launched by ISRO aboard the GSLV-F18 rocket on October 30, 2026, to strengthen India’s NavIC navigation system?
A) NVS-01
B) NVS-02
C) NVS-03
D) IRNSS-1I
E) GSAT-24
Answer: C) NVS-03.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched the GSLV-F18 rocket carrying the NVS-03 navigation satellite, the third satellite in India’s second-generation NavIC series, and placed it into its intended orbit.
• Location: Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India.
• Date: October 30, 2026, at 11:51 PM IST.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: ISRO launched the three-stage Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-F18) carrying NVS-03 to strengthen India’s indigenous Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) system. Following successful orbital injection, the satellite was scheduled to undergo orbit-raising manoeuvres to reach its operational orbit.
• Objectives: To improve India’s independent Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) capabilities, restore reliable standalone navigation services, replace ageing or non-functional satellites, enhance civilian and strategic navigation applications, and reduce dependence on foreign satellite navigation systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• GSLV-F18: A three-stage Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle consisting of a solid-propellant core with four liquid-propellant strap-on boosters, a liquid-propellant second stage and a cryogenic upper stage using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.
• NVS-03 Satellite: The third satellite in ISRO’s second-generation navigation satellite series, designed to strengthen the NavIC constellation by improving navigation reliability, service continuity and compatibility with civilian navigation receivers.
• Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC): India’s indigenous regional satellite navigation system, formerly known as the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), developed by ISRO to provide positioning, navigation and timing services across India and approximately 1,500 kilometres beyond its borders.
• Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT): Satellite-based services providing accurate geographical location, movement guidance and precise time synchronisation for transportation, telecommunications, disaster management, fisheries and strategic operations.
• L1 Frequency: A satellite navigation signal frequency used widely in civilian navigation receivers. Its inclusion in second-generation NVS satellites improves compatibility with commercially available navigation devices.
• Cryogenic Upper Stage: The final rocket propulsion stage that uses extremely low-temperature liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen to generate thrust for placing satellites into their intended transfer orbits.
• Atomic Clock: A highly precise timekeeping instrument installed aboard navigation satellites to ensure accurate signal transmission timing, which is essential for calculating geographical positions.
• Orbit-Raising Manoeuvres: Controlled satellite propulsion operations performed after launch vehicle separation to move a spacecraft from its initial transfer orbit into its designated operational orbit.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 31 & November 1

19. What was the total value of development projects inaugurated, launched and announced by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Banaskantha, Gujarat, on October 30, 2026?
A) ₹10,000 crore
B) ₹12,000 crore
C) ₹14,000 crore
D) ₹16,000 crore
E) ₹18,000 crore
Answer: C) ₹14,000 crore.

Event and Location:

• Event: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated, dedicated and laid foundation stones for development projects worth over ₹14,000 crore, covering agriculture, animal husbandry, dairy, renewable energy, railways, urban transport, roads and child welfare.
• Location: Banaskantha district, Gujarat, India.
• Date: October 30, 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched multiple development initiatives, including the approval of 12 horticulture clusters, establishment of a livestock research centre, foundation stones for two Bio-CNG plants, introduction of two railway services, expansion of Ahmedabad Metro connectivity, widening of the Ahmedabad–Mehsana Highway to eight lanes and inauguration of over 4,000 modern Anganwadi centres.
• Objectives: To strengthen agricultural productivity, support farmers and dairy cooperatives, promote renewable energy, improve regional transportation and connectivity, enhance rural infrastructure and expand nutritional, educational and healthcare services for children and pregnant women in Gujarat.

Important Terms Explained:

• Horticulture Cluster Development Scheme: A government initiative aimed at promoting the integrated development of horticultural crops through geographically concentrated clusters, improving production, infrastructure, post-harvest management and market access for farmers. Twelve clusters were approved, including two in North Gujarat to support potato farmers in Banaskantha and Sabarkantha.
• Bio-Compressed Natural Gas (Bio-CNG): A renewable gaseous fuel produced by purifying biogas generated from agricultural residues, animal waste and other organic materials. It can substitute conventional natural gas and support sustainable waste management and clean energy production.
• Livestock Research Centre: A specialised facility focused on animal breeding, veterinary research, disease management and productivity improvement, with the proposed centre in Gujarat intended to support indigenous livestock.
• Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): A Central Sector scheme launched in February 2019 to provide eligible landholding farmer families with annual financial assistance of ₹6,000 through three equal instalments of ₹2,000 transferred directly into their bank accounts.
• Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City): A planned financial and technology hub in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, developed to promote international financial services, technology businesses and modern urban infrastructure.
• Mainline Electric Multiple Unit (MEMU): A self-propelled electric passenger train designed primarily for short- and medium-distance routes, providing frequent services and improved connectivity between suburban and regional destinations.
• Anganwadi Centres: Community-based childcare and maternal welfare facilities providing supplementary nutrition, preschool education, health awareness and support for immunisation and health services.
• Mission Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0: An integrated government programme focused on improving nutritional outcomes for children, pregnant women, lactating mothers and adolescent girls, while upgrading Anganwadi infrastructure and strengthening nutrition delivery services.

Tabular Summary:

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