Daily Current Affairs October 29

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October 29 | Daily Current Affairs 2026

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 29

1. What is the theme of the International Day of Care and Support 2026, observed annually on 29 October?
A) Promoting Gender Equality Through Education
B) Universal Healthcare and Social Protection
C) Building Sustainable Care and Support Systems Through Decent Work
D) Empowering Women Through Economic Development
E) Strengthening Global Health and Welfare Systems
Answer: C) Building Sustainable Care and Support Systems Through Decent Work.

Event and Location:

• Event: The International Day of Care and Support 2026 was observed to recognise the importance of paid and unpaid care work, promote gender equality, and highlight the need for sustainable care systems and decent working conditions for care workers.
• Location: Globally, under the observance of the United Nations (UN).
• Date: 29 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) established the International Day of Care and Support through Resolution A/RES/77/317 on 24 July 2023, designating 29 October as its annual observance. The 2026 theme, “Building Sustainable Care and Support Systems Through Decent Work,” emphasises fair wages, labour rights, workplace safety, and representation of care workers. The observance involves UN Women, the International Labour Organization, and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights in promoting gender-responsive and rights-based care systems.
• Objectives: The observance aims to recognise the economic and social contributions of paid and unpaid caregivers, improve employment conditions in the care sector, reduce gender inequalities in unpaid care responsibilities, and encourage investment in accessible and sustainable care services. It also promotes the rights and well-being of older persons, persons with disabilities, children, and other individuals requiring care and support.

Important Terms Explained:

• UN General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/317: A resolution adopted on 24 July 2023 that proclaimed 29 October as the International Day of Care and Support to recognise the importance of care work and promote inclusive, gender-responsive care systems.
• Care Economy: The economic activities involving paid and unpaid care services that support people’s physical, psychological, and social needs, including healthcare, childcare, education, elderly care, disability support, and domestic work.
• Direct Care Work: Care activities involving personal interaction and assistance, such as nursing patients, feeding children, supporting older persons, and helping individuals with disabilities.
• Indirect Care Work: Activities that support daily living and household functioning, including cooking, cleaning, laundry, and other domestic responsibilities.
• Paid Care Work: Care services performed in exchange for wages or financial compensation by professionals such as nurses, doctors, teachers, caregivers, and domestic workers.
• Unpaid Care Work: Caregiving and domestic activities performed without financial compensation, typically within households and families, including childcare, elderly care, and household maintenance.
• Decent Work: A concept promoted by the International Labour Organization that includes productive employment, fair income, workplace security, social protection, equal opportunities, and respect for workers’ rights.
• Gender-Responsive Care Systems: Care policies and services designed to address gender inequalities, promote shared caregiving responsibilities, and ensure equitable access to care services and employment opportunities.
• UN Women: The United Nations entity dedicated to gender equality and the empowerment of women, including addressing the unequal distribution of unpaid care responsibilities.
• International Labour Organization (ILO): A specialised United Nations agency established in 1919 that promotes social justice, international labour standards, workers’ rights, and decent employment opportunities.
• Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR): The principal United Nations human rights office responsible for promoting and protecting human rights globally, including the rights of caregivers and individuals requiring care.

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs October 29

2. In which event did Indian para-athlete Neeraj Yadav win a gold medal with an Asian-record throw of 29.84 metres at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta?
A) Men’s F55 discus throw
B) Men’s F55 shot put
C) Men’s F55 javelin throw
D) Men’s F56 discus throw
E) Men’s F54 javelin throw
Answer: C) Men’s F55 javelin throw.

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian para-athlete Neeraj Yadav, known for his achievements in javelin throw and discus throw, passed away at the age of 42. He had originally won three gold medals across the 2018 and 2022 Asian Para Games editions, although his two Hangzhou gold medals were subsequently revoked following an anti-doping case.
• Location: Delhi, India, with his birthplace reported as Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh.
• Date: 28 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Neeraj Yadav, born on 10 February 1984, was an Indian para-athlete who competed in the F55 classification in field events, including javelin throw, discus throw, and shot put. After participating in wheelchair tennis from 2005 to 2012, he transitioned to para-athletics and achieved international recognition at the 2018 Asian Para Games in Jakarta, winning gold in men’s F55 javelin throw with an Asian-record distance of 29.84 metres. He also initially secured two gold medals at the Hangzhou Asian Para Games held in October 2023, but both results were subsequently revoked due to an anti-doping case.
• Objectives: His sporting career reflected participation and competitive achievement in para-athletics despite physical challenges associated with childhood polio. His progression from wheelchair tennis to international field events demonstrated opportunities for athletes with disabilities to compete in multiple sporting disciplines. His achievements and subsequent anti-doping case also highlighted the importance of fair competition and compliance with anti-doping regulations in international para-sports.

Important Terms Explained:

• Asian Para Games: A major multi-sport competition for athletes with disabilities from Asian countries, organised under the Asian Paralympic Committee and held approximately every four years.
• F55 Classification: A para-athletics classification for athletes competing in seated throwing events who generally have full arm function but limited or no functional movement in the legs, with varying degrees of trunk control.
• Wheelchair Tennis: An adapted form of tennis for athletes with eligible physical impairments, played under rules that generally permit the ball to bounce twice before being returned.
• Javelin Throw: A track-and-field event in which athletes throw a spear-shaped implement for maximum distance, with adapted rules and classifications for para-athletes.
• Discus Throw: An athletics field event involving throwing a circular disc as far as possible within prescribed competition rules.
• Shot Put: An athletics event in which competitors propel a heavy spherical implement for maximum distance using an approved putting technique.
• Asian Record: The best officially recognised performance achieved by an eligible Asian athlete in a particular sport, event, and classification.
• Anti-Doping Violation: A breach of anti-doping regulations, which may involve prohibited substances or methods and can result in disqualification, suspension, or cancellation of competition results.
• 2022 Asian Para Games: The fourth edition of the Asian Para Games, originally scheduled for 2022 in Hangzhou, China, but postponed and eventually conducted in October 2023.
• Post-Polio Residual Paralysis: Persistent muscle weakness or paralysis resulting from damage caused by poliomyelitis, which can affect mobility and physical functioning.

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 29

3. What was the benchmark federal funds rate maintained by the US Federal Reserve during its monetary policy meeting on 28 October 2026?
A) 3.25%–3.50%
B) 3.50%–3.75%
C) 3.75%–4.00%
D) 4.00%–4.25%
E) 4.25%–4.50%
Answer: C) 3.75%–4.00%.

Event and Location:

• Event: The US Federal Reserve maintained its benchmark federal funds rate at 3.75%–4.00%, with the Federal Open Market Committee voting 10–2 in favour of keeping interest rates unchanged amid elevated inflation.
• Location: United States of America.
• Date: 28 October 2026, following the two-day monetary policy meeting held on 27–28 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) decided to maintain the federal funds rate target range at 3.75%–4.00%, with 10 members supporting the decision and two members, Lisa D. Cook and Beth M. Hammack, opposing it. Both dissenting members favoured a 25-basis-point increase to 4.00%–4.25%. The committee acknowledged strong economic activity, household spending, investment, and relatively stable unemployment while expressing concern about persistent inflation. The next FOMC meeting was scheduled for 8–9 December 2026.
• Objectives: The decision aims to balance the Federal Reserve’s dual objectives of maximum employment and price stability while working towards its 2% inflation target. By maintaining interest rates, the central bank seeks to assess incoming economic data, monitor inflationary pressures, support sustainable economic growth, and determine whether further monetary policy adjustments are necessary.

Important Terms Explained:

• Federal Funds Rate: The interest rate at which US depository institutions lend reserve balances to one another overnight. The FOMC establishes a target range for this rate to influence borrowing costs, liquidity, and overall economic activity.
• Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC): The monetary policy-making body of the US Federal Reserve responsible for setting the federal funds rate target range and directing open market operations. It has 12 voting positions, consisting of seven Federal Reserve Board governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four rotating regional Reserve Bank presidents.
• Dual Mandate: The Federal Reserve’s statutory responsibility to promote maximum employment and stable prices through monetary policy decisions.
• Inflation Target: The Federal Reserve’s longer-run objective of achieving 2% inflation, measured by the annual change in the Personal Consumption Expenditures price index.
• Basis Point (bps): A unit used to measure changes in interest rates and financial percentages, where one basis point equals 0.01 percentage point and 25 basis points equal 0.25 percentage point.
• Monetary Policy: Actions undertaken by a central bank to influence interest rates, credit conditions, and money availability to achieve macroeconomic objectives such as price stability and employment.
• Monetary Policy Tightening: A policy approach generally involving higher interest rates or reduced monetary accommodation to moderate borrowing, spending, and inflationary pressures.
• Price Stability: An economic condition characterised by low and predictable inflation, supporting purchasing power, investment decisions, and sustainable economic growth.
• Federal Reserve Board of Governors: The central governing body of the Federal Reserve System, consisting of up to seven members appointed by the US President and confirmed by the Senate.
• Dissenting Vote: A formal vote cast by a monetary policy committee member against the majority decision, reflecting disagreement over the appropriate policy action.

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 29

4. What position did Bihar Museum in Patna secure in the World’s 100 Best Museums 2026 ranking released by Worth a Journey?
A) 5th globally and 2nd in Asia
B) 7th globally and 1st in Asia
C) 9th globally and 1st in Asia
D) 10th globally and 2nd in Asia
E) 12th globally and 1st in Asia
Answer: C) 9th globally and 1st in Asia.

Event and Location:

• Event: Bihar Museum secured 9th position globally and 1st position in Asia in the World’s 100 Best Museums 2026 ranking released by Germany-based Worth a Journey, becoming the only Indian museum featured among the world’s top 100 museums.
• Location: Nehru Path, Patna, Bihar, India.
• Date: 29 October 2026, as reported in the published ranking coverage.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Germany-based Worth a Journey released the World’s 100 Best Museums 2026 ranking, evaluating museums associated with art, history, science, technology, and cultural heritage. Bihar Museum secured ninth place globally, ahead of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, ranked tenth, and the Louvre Museum in Paris, ranked 31st. The museum was designed by Japanese architect Fumihiko Maki in association with Mumbai-based Opolis Architects and showcases Bihar’s archaeological, historical, and artistic heritage.
• Objectives: The ranking highlights museums recognised for their collections, cultural importance, architecture, and visitor experiences. Bihar Museum aims to preserve and showcase Bihar’s cultural heritage through exhibitions featuring archaeological artefacts, ancient sculptures, manuscripts, coins, folk art, and regional history. Its international recognition also strengthens the visibility of Bihar’s cultural attractions and heritage tourism.

Important Terms Explained:

• Worth a Journey: A Germany-based organisation associated with the World’s 100 Best Museums 2026 listing, which recognises notable museums across art, history, science, technology, and cultural heritage categories.
• Cultural Heritage: The tangible and intangible legacy inherited from previous generations, including historical monuments, sculptures, manuscripts, archaeological objects, traditions, and artistic practices.
• Didarganj Yakshi: A celebrated ancient polished stone sculpture discovered near Patna in 1917, representing an important example of early Indian sculptural traditions and displayed at Bihar Museum.
• Pritzker Architecture Prize: An internationally recognised architectural award established in 1979 to honour living architects for significant contributions to architecture. Fumihiko Maki received the award in 1993.
• Fumihiko Maki: A Japanese architect and recipient of the 1993 Pritzker Architecture Prize who contributed to the architectural design of Bihar Museum in collaboration with Opolis Architects.
• Opolis Architects: A Mumbai-based architectural firm that collaborated with Fumihiko Maki on the design of Bihar Museum.
• Diaspora Gallery: A museum exhibition space showcasing the historical, cultural, and social connections between Bihar and communities of Bihari origin living outside the state.
• Patna Museum: A historical museum established in 1917 in Patna, Bihar, housing archaeological, historical, and artistic collections representing the region’s cultural heritage.
• Pataliputra: The ancient city corresponding to modern-day Patna, which served as an important political and administrative centre of the Magadha and Maurya empires.

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs October 29

5. According to the WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2026, what was the global average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in 2025?
A) 420.0 ppm
B) 423.9 ppm
C) 426.8 ppm
D) 430.5 ppm
E) 435.2 ppm
Answer: C) 426.8 ppm.

Event and Location:

• Event: The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released its Greenhouse Gas Bulletin No. 22 (2026), reporting record global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) in 2025, highlighting increasing greenhouse gas accumulation and its contribution to global warming.
• Location: Globally, based on atmospheric observations collected through the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch Programme.
• Date: 27 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin 2026 reported record atmospheric concentrations of three major long-lived greenhouse gases in 2025, with carbon dioxide reaching 426.8 parts per million (ppm), methane reaching 1,948 parts per billion (ppb), and nitrous oxide reaching 339.1 ppb. The findings were based on observations from the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme, which monitors atmospheric concentrations rather than annual greenhouse gas emissions. The bulletin also examined radiative forcing, natural carbon sinks, industrial gases, and the potential climate impacts of hydrogen leakage during the global clean energy transition.
• Objectives: The bulletin aims to monitor long-term changes in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, improve scientific understanding of climate change, assess the effectiveness of natural carbon sinks, and highlight the importance of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It also emphasises continuous atmospheric monitoring of industrial gases and emerging energy technologies to support evidence-based climate policies and global warming mitigation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂): A long-lived greenhouse gas primarily released through fossil fuel combustion, deforestation, and industrial activities. Its global average concentration reached 426.8 ppm in 2025, approximately 53% above pre-industrial levels.
• Methane (CH₄): A powerful greenhouse gas emitted from agriculture, livestock, fossil fuel production, wetlands, and waste decomposition. Its atmospheric concentration reached 1,948 ppb in 2025, approximately 167% above pre-industrial levels.
• Nitrous Oxide (N₂O): A long-lived greenhouse gas released through agricultural fertiliser use, biomass burning, and industrial processes. Its atmospheric concentration reached 339.1 ppb in 2025, approximately 26% above pre-industrial levels.
• Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme: A WMO-coordinated global monitoring programme that collects atmospheric observations to study greenhouse gases, aerosols, ozone, air pollution, and changes in atmospheric composition.
• Parts Per Million (ppm): A unit of concentration representing one part of a substance per million parts of the total mixture, commonly used to measure atmospheric carbon dioxide.
• Parts Per Billion (ppb): A unit of concentration representing one part of a substance per billion parts of the total mixture, commonly used for atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide.
• Radiative Forcing: A measure of changes in the Earth’s energy balance caused by factors such as greenhouse gases, aerosols, and solar radiation. Positive radiative forcing generally contributes to warming, while negative radiative forcing generally contributes to cooling.
• Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF₆): A synthetic industrial greenhouse gas used primarily as an electrical insulating and arc-quenching medium in high-voltage equipment. It has an atmospheric lifetime exceeding 1,000 years and a 100-year global warming potential approximately 24,300 times that of carbon dioxide.
• Global Warming Potential (GWP): A measurement comparing the heat-trapping effect of a greenhouse gas with that of carbon dioxide over a specified period, commonly 100 years.
• Hydrogen Leakage: The unintended release of hydrogen into the atmosphere from production, storage, or transportation systems. Although hydrogen is not a direct greenhouse gas, it can indirectly influence global warming by affecting atmospheric chemistry and methane’s lifetime.
• Carbon Sinks: Natural systems such as forests, soils, and oceans that absorb and store more carbon dioxide than they release, helping regulate atmospheric CO₂ concentrations.
• El Niño: A climate phenomenon characterised by unusually warm sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, influencing global rainfall, temperature patterns, droughts, and the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to absorb carbon dioxide.
• Pre-Industrial Levels: Reference atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, generally associated with conditions around 1750, used to measure human-induced changes in atmospheric composition.

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 29

6. How many countries voted in favour of the UN General Assembly resolution calling for an end to the US economic, commercial, and financial embargo against Cuba on 28 October 2026?
A) 165
B) 130
C) 120
D) 150
E) 172
Answer: B) 130.

Event and Location:

• Event: India supported a United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) resolution calling for an end to the United States’ economic, commercial, and financial embargo against Cuba, with 130 countries voting in favour, 17 against, and 25 abstaining.
• Location: United Nations General Assembly, New York, United States, concerning the US embargo imposed on Cuba.
• Date: 28 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The UN General Assembly adopted Resolution A/81/L.5 during its 81st session, calling for the termination of the United States’ economic, commercial, and financial embargo against Cuba. India voted in favour of the resolution, reaffirming its opposition to unilateral sanctions and legislation with extraterritorial effects. India’s representative, Soumya Nair, emphasised respect for national sovereignty, international law, and the principles of the UN Charter. The resolution is non-binding and does not legally compel the United States to lift the embargo.
• Objectives: The resolution seeks to end the long-standing US embargo against Cuba, reduce its adverse humanitarian and economic consequences, safeguard national sovereignty, and encourage international cooperation. India highlighted concerns regarding Cuba’s access to medicines, food, healthcare, education, water supply, and transportation while advocating for the removal of restrictions that hinder the country’s economic development.

Important Terms Explained:

• US Embargo on Cuba: A series of economic, commercial, and financial restrictions imposed by the United States on Cuba, beginning in 1960, with a broader trade embargo formally introduced in February 1962 following the Cuban Revolution and the nationalisation of American-owned assets.
• Resolution A/81/L.5: The resolution document introduced during the 81st session of the UN General Assembly concerning the need to end the economic, commercial, and financial embargo imposed by the United States against Cuba.
• Non-Binding Resolution: A resolution that expresses the collective position or recommendations of an international body but does not create a direct legal obligation requiring member countries to implement its provisions.
• Extraterritorial Legislation: National laws or regulations that seek to regulate individuals, businesses, or activities beyond a country’s territorial jurisdiction, potentially affecting the sovereignty and economic interests of other nations.
• United Nations Charter: The founding treaty of the United Nations, signed on 26 June 1945 and effective from 24 October 1945, establishing the organisation’s objectives, principles, institutions, and responsibilities.
• Article 10 of the UN Charter: A provision authorising the UN General Assembly to discuss matters within the scope of the Charter and make recommendations to member states or the UN Security Council, subject to relevant Charter provisions.
• Multilateralism: An approach to international relations in which multiple countries cooperate through international organisations, agreements, and diplomatic mechanisms to address common challenges.
• National Sovereignty: The principle that a state possesses supreme authority within its territory and has the right to conduct its domestic and foreign affairs without unlawful external interference.
• Economic Sanctions: Restrictions imposed by one or more countries on trade, financial transactions, investments, or other economic activities to influence the policies or actions of another country.

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs October 29

7. What is the total financial outlay approved by the Union Cabinet for the Khelo India Sports Goods Manufacturing Scheme for FY 2026–27 to FY 2033–34?
A) ₹1,130 crore
B) ₹1,856.67 crore
C) ₹1,500 crore
D) ₹2,000 crore
E) ₹2,500 crore
Answer: B) ₹1,856.67 crore.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Union Cabinet approved the Khelo India Sports Goods Manufacturing Scheme with a total financial outlay of ₹1,856.67 crore to strengthen domestic sports goods manufacturing, innovation, skill development, and exports.
• Location: India, with major sports goods manufacturing clusters in Jalandhar, Punjab, and Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.
• Date: 28 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India approved the implementation of the scheme for FY 2026–27 to FY 2033–34, covering eight financial years. The scheme provides financial assistance for manufacturing investments, development of integrated manufacturing zones, MSME cluster modernisation, research and development, international quality certification, skill development, and export promotion.
• Objectives: The scheme aims to attract domestic and foreign investment, increase manufacturing capacity and domestic value addition, reduce dependence on imported sports equipment, strengthen MSMEs, promote technological innovation, improve international product certification, generate skilled employment, and enhance India’s competitiveness in global sports goods markets.

Important Terms Explained:

• Sports Goods Manufacturing Zones (SGMZs): Dedicated industrial clusters integrating sports goods manufacturers, suppliers, design and prototyping facilities, testing laboratories, and supporting industries to improve production efficiency and infrastructure.
• Anchor Investment Support: A financial assistance component providing 20% support towards eligible investments made in designated sports goods manufacturing clusters.
• Turnover-Based Support: A financial incentive providing assistance of up to 15% to eligible manufacturers making investments of ₹10 crore or more to encourage manufacturing expansion.
• Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): Enterprises classified according to prescribed investment and turnover limits that contribute significantly to manufacturing, employment, and exports. Micro and small businesses account for approximately 90% of India’s sports goods production, according to the reported background information.
• International Sports Federation Certification: A process through which sports equipment manufacturers obtain recognition or approval from international sports governing bodies. The scheme provides 70% assistance for first-time registration and 50% for certification renewal.
• Research and Development (R&D): Activities focused on improving product design, materials science, manufacturing technologies, product performance, and quality standards through scientific research and innovation.
• Khelo Bharat Niti 2025: India’s national sports policy framework aimed at strengthening sports participation, infrastructure, talent development, and the broader sports ecosystem.
• Make in India: A Government of India initiative launched on 25 September 2014 to promote domestic manufacturing, investment, innovation, and industrial development.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat: A Government of India initiative announced in May 2020 to promote economic self-reliance, strengthen domestic industries, and reduce excessive dependence on imports.
• Export Promotion Mission: A government initiative intended to strengthen export competitiveness and improve access to international markets. The sports goods scheme proposes marketing initiatives such as the India Sports Expo and Brand India campaign.

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8. Which organisation developed the Punah Bharan mobile application in collaboration with the National Water Mission (NWM) to identify suitable groundwater recharge zones within a radius of up to 3 km?
A) Central Ground Water Board
B) National Remote Sensing Centre
C) Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics
D) Indian Space Research Organisation
E) National Institute of Hydrology
Answer: C) Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics.

Event and Location:

• Event: The Ministry of Jal Shakti launched the Punah Bharan mobile application, developed jointly by BISAG-N and the National Water Mission, to identify suitable locations for artificial groundwater recharge using geospatial technology.
• Location: India, with village-level mapping and groundwater recharge planning facilities across suitable geographical regions.
• Date: 28 October 2026.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Jal Shakti introduced a geospatial technology-based application that identifies suitable artificial groundwater recharge zones within a radius of up to 3 km. The platform integrates rainfall, groundwater levels, groundwater yield, slope, and drainage data to assess local recharge suitability. Its web portal also provides village-level Artificial Recharge Structure zonation maps and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools for scientific planning.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to promote sustainable groundwater management, improve scientific identification of recharge locations, assist in selecting appropriate groundwater recharge structures, strengthen village-level water resource planning, and support data-driven decisions for groundwater conservation and replenishment.

Important Terms Explained:

• Bhaskaracharya National Institute for Space Applications and Geo-informatics (BISAG-N): An autonomous scientific society under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology that applies space technology, remote sensing, and geospatial information systems to planning, governance, and resource management.
• National Water Mission (NWM): One of the eight missions under India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change, focused on water conservation, minimising wastage, improving water-use efficiency, and ensuring equitable water distribution.
• Artificial Groundwater Recharge: The process of increasing groundwater storage by directing surface water or rainwater into underground aquifers through suitable structures such as recharge pits, percolation tanks, and check dams.
• Geospatial Technology: Technology used to collect, analyse, and interpret geographically referenced information through mapping, satellite imagery, remote sensing, and location-based data analysis.
• Geographic Information System (GIS): A computer-based system used to capture, store, analyse, and display geographically referenced data for spatial planning and decision-making.
• Artificial Recharge Structures (ARS): Engineered structures designed to enhance the infiltration of surface water into underground aquifers and improve groundwater availability.
• ARS Zonation Maps: Maps that identify and classify geographical areas according to their suitability for different artificial groundwater recharge structures based on local environmental and hydrogeological conditions.
• Groundwater Yield: The quantity of groundwater that can be extracted from an aquifer or well over a specified period, depending on underground geological and water-bearing conditions.
• Hydrogeographical Conditions: The combined geographical and water-related characteristics of an area, including rainfall, drainage, terrain, and groundwater conditions, which influence water availability and recharge potential.

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