Daily Current Affairs March 28
Table of Contents
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March 28 | Daily Current Affairs 2026
Sports – Daily Current Affairs March 28
1. At which event did Gurjant Singh first gain major recognition by scoring in the final for India?
A) Asia Cup 2017
B) Tokyo Olympics 2020
C) Paris Olympics 2024
D) Junior Hockey World Cup 2016
E) Asian Games 2022
Answer: D) Junior Hockey World Cup 2016.
Event and Location:
- Event: Indian men’s hockey forward Gurjant Singh announced his retirement from international hockey after a career of 130 caps and 33 goals.
- Location: New Delhi, India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Gurjant Singh retired from international hockey at the Hockey India Awards ceremony after representing India for nearly a decade and contributing to major international successes, including Olympic bronze medals and continental titles.
- Objectives: The announcement marks the conclusion of a significant international career and highlights his contribution to Indian hockey through consistent performances, attacking strength, and achievements at major tournaments.
Important Terms Explained:
- Hockey India Awards: It is an award ceremony organised to recognise achievements and contributions in Indian hockey. International caps: It refers to the number of official international matches played by a sportsperson for the national team. Arjuna Award: It is one of India’s highest sporting honours given for outstanding achievement in national sports. Asian Champions Trophy: It is a major continental field hockey tournament contested by leading Asian teams. Junior Hockey World Cup: It is an international hockey tournament featuring under-age national teams and is an important platform for emerging players.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | Gurjant Singh’s retirement from international hockey. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | New Delhi, India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Announcement made at the Hockey India Awards ceremony. |
| Key figures | Gurjant Singh retired with 130 international caps and 33 goals. |
| Major achievements | He won Olympic bronze medals at Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024, along with Asian titles. |
| Career milestone | He first gained prominence in the 2016 Junior Hockey World Cup. |
| Strategic / significant value | His career reflects sustained excellence and a major contribution to the revival of Indian men’s hockey. |
Ranking – Daily Current Affairs March 28
2. What was India’s estimated Maternal Mortality Ratio in the global analysis published in The Lancet for 2023?
A) 70 per 1 lakh live births
B) 88 per 1 lakh live births
C) 102 per 1 lakh live births
D) 116 per 1 lakh live births
E) 190.5 per 1 lakh live births
Answer: D) 116 per 1 lakh live births.
Event and Location:
- Event: India reported 24,700 maternal deaths in 2023, placing it among the countries with the highest maternal mortality burden, according to a global analysis published in The Lancet.
- Location: India, in the context of a global maternal mortality assessment.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The study led by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation assessed maternal deaths and Maternal Mortality Ratio across countries and highlighted India’s estimated burden, trends, causes, and data differences with national estimates.
- Objectives: The analysis aims to measure maternal health outcomes, track progress toward the Sustainable Development Goal target, identify major causes of maternal deaths, and highlight gaps in healthcare access and emergency maternal care.
Important Terms Explained:
- The Lancet: It is a leading international medical journal that publishes major global health research and analysis. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation: It is a global health research institution that produces data-driven estimates on disease burden, mortality, and health trends. Maternal Mortality Ratio: It refers to the number of maternal deaths per 1 lakh live births and is a key indicator of maternal healthcare performance. Sample Registration System: It is India’s large-scale demographic survey system that provides official estimates on birth rate, death rate, and maternal mortality indicators. Sustainable Development Goal: It refers to the global development targets adopted by the United Nations, including the goal of reducing maternal mortality below 70 per 1 lakh live births by 2030. Postpartum haemorrhage: It is excessive bleeding after childbirth and is one of the leading causes of maternal deaths globally.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | India’s maternal deaths and maternal mortality burden highlighted in The Lancet study. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | India, within a global analysis covering 204 countries and territories. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Global analysis published in The Lancet and led by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. |
| Key figures | India recorded 24,700 maternal deaths in 2023 and the study estimated MMR at 116 per 1 lakh live births. |
| National comparison | India’s Sample Registration System 2021-23 reported MMR at 88 per 1 lakh live births. |
| Purpose / reason | The study assessed maternal mortality trends, global burden, leading causes, and progress toward SDG targets. |
| Strategic / significant value | The findings show India’s major long-term improvement in maternal health while underlining the need for continued healthcare strengthening. |
Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs March 28
3. Which new proposed service under Payments Vision 2028 is intended to help customers seamlessly manage payment instructions while switching banks or during bank mergers?
A) TReDS
B) PaSS
C) UPI Lite
D) e-RUPI
E) BBPS
Answer: B) PaSS.
Event and Location:
- Event: The Reserve Bank of India unveiled Payments Vision 2028 as a roadmap to make digital payments safer, smarter, and more efficient.
- Location: India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Payments Vision 2028 lays out 15 targeted initiatives, including switch on/off controls for digital payments, the proposed Payments Switching Service, electronic cheques, a shared responsibility framework for fraud, and interoperability improvements in TReDS.
- Objectives: The roadmap aims to enhance user control, strengthen fraud prevention, improve cross-border payment efficiency, support businesses and MSMEs, and build greater trust in India’s digital payments ecosystem.
Important Terms Explained:
- Payments Vision 2028: It is the RBI’s strategic roadmap for strengthening India’s digital payments ecosystem through targeted reforms over the coming years. PaSS: Payments Switching Service is a proposed centralized platform to help customers migrate payment instructions and manage recurring transactions while switching banks or during mergers. Shared Responsibility Framework: It is a proposed mechanism under which both the issuer bank and beneficiary bank may share responsibility in cases of unauthorized digital transactions. TReDS: Trade Receivables Discounting System is a platform that helps MSMEs obtain working capital by discounting their trade receivables or invoices. Electronic cheques: They are digitally processed cheque instruments intended to combine the reliability of traditional cheques with the speed and efficiency of digital payment systems. MSMEs: Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are business entities that play a major role in employment generation and economic activity.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | RBI Payments Vision 2028. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Reserve Bank of India. |
| Purpose / reason | To make digital payments safer, faster, more efficient, and more user-friendly. |
| Feature details | Key proposals include switch on/off controls, PaSS, electronic cheques, fraud safeguards, and TReDS interoperability. |
| Target sectors | Individual users, banks, enterprises, and MSMEs. |
| Strategic / significant value | The roadmap seeks to improve trust, reduce fraud risk, and support the expansion of India’s digital economy. |
Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs March 28
4. Which component was the main reason behind the sharp fall in India’s foreign exchange reserves for the week ending March 20, 2026?
A) Foreign currency assets
B) SDR holdings
C) IMF reserve tranche
D) Gold reserves
E) External commercial borrowings
Answer: D) Gold reserves.
Event and Location:
- Event: India’s foreign exchange reserves declined by $11.41 billion to $698.346 billion for the week ending March 20, 2026, according to RBI data.
- Location: India.
- Date: March 20, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The Reserve Bank of India released weekly data showing a sharp fall in India’s forex reserves, mainly due to a steep decline in gold reserves, while foreign currency assets recorded a rise.
- Objectives: The data aims to reflect the composition and movement of India’s external reserves, assess the impact of global valuation changes, and indicate the country’s capacity to manage external sector pressures and currency stability.
Important Terms Explained:
- Foreign exchange reserves: They are external assets held by a country’s central bank in the form of foreign currencies, gold, SDRs, and reserve position in the IMF. Gold reserves: They are the stock of gold held by the central bank as part of the country’s overall reserve assets. Foreign currency assets: They are the largest component of forex reserves and include holdings of major foreign currencies such as the US dollar, euro, pound, and yen. SDRs: Special Drawing Rights are international reserve assets created by the IMF to supplement member countries’ official reserves. Reserve tranche position: It is the portion of a member country’s quota with the IMF that can be accessed without conditions.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | India’s forex reserves decline reported by RBI. |
| Date | Week ending March 20, 2026. |
| Location | India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Reserve Bank of India. |
| Overall reserves | Forex reserves fell by $11.41 billion to $698.346 billion. |
| Main reason | Gold reserves declined sharply by $13.495 billion to $117.186 billion. |
| Supporting movement | Foreign currency assets rose by $2.127 billion to $557.695 billion. |
| Strategic / significant value | The decline reflects the effect of global uncertainty and valuation changes on India’s external buffers. |
5. India’s unemployment rate declined to what level in 2025?
A) 5.8%
B) 6.0%
C) 6.5%
D) 7.0%
E) 9.9%
Answer: C) 6.5%.
Event and Location:
- Event: India’s unemployment rate declined to 6.5% in 2025 from 7.0% in 2024, according to data released through the Periodic Labour Force Survey.
- Location: India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation released findings from PLFS 2025 indicating an improvement in labour market conditions, with lower unemployment, modest gains in youth and urban female employment, and a rise in regular salaried jobs.
- Objectives: The survey aims to measure employment and unemployment trends, assess labour force conditions, track structural shifts in job patterns, and provide evidence for labour market and policy analysis.
Important Terms Explained:
- Unemployment rate: It is the percentage of people in the labour force who are willing to work and seeking work but are unable to find employment. Periodic Labour Force Survey: It is India’s official large-scale labour market survey used to estimate employment, unemployment, labour force participation, and worker population trends. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation: It is the central ministry responsible for releasing major official statistical datasets, including labour and employment indicators. Labour force participation rate: It refers to the proportion of the population that is either working or actively seeking work. Worker population ratio: It is the percentage of the population that is employed. Regular salaried employment: It refers to jobs in which workers receive regular wages or salaries, generally indicating relatively stable employment.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | India’s unemployment rate falls in 2025 as per PLFS. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. |
| Key figure | The article states that unemployment rate declined to 6.5% in 2025 from 7.0% in 2024. |
| Youth trend | Youth unemployment for the 15 to 29 years group declined to 9.9% from 10.3%. |
| Employment pattern | The share of regular salaried employment increased to 23.6% in 2025 from 22.4% in 2024. |
| Strategic / significant value | The data indicates gradual labour market improvement and a structural shift towards more stable employment. |
Awards – Daily Current Affairs March 28
6. Who presented the Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards 2026 in New Delhi?
A) Droupadi Murmu
B) Narendra Modi
C) C. P. Radhakrishnan
D) Om Birla
E) Jagdeep Dhankhar
Answer: C) C. P. Radhakrishnan.
Event and Location:
- Event: The Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards 2026 honoured 24 journalists across 19 categories for outstanding contributions to Indian journalism.
- Location: New Delhi, India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The awards, instituted by the Ramnath Goenka Foundation, recognise excellence in journalism across print, digital, and broadcast platforms in multiple categories and languages.
- Objectives: The awards aim to honour fearless and credible reporting, encourage ethical journalism, and uphold the role of the media in safeguarding democracy and public accountability.
Important Terms Explained:
- Ramnath Goenka Foundation: It is the institution that presents these journalism awards to recognise excellence and courage in reporting. Emergency period: It refers to the Internal Emergency in India from 1975 to 1977, a period associated with major restrictions on civil liberties and press freedom. Investigative reporting: It is a form of journalism that involves in-depth inquiry to uncover hidden facts, wrongdoing, corruption, or matters of public interest. Photojournalism: It is a branch of journalism that uses photographs to document, report, and communicate news events and issues. Civic journalism: It refers to reporting focused on public issues, community concerns, governance, and citizen welfare.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards 2026. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | New Delhi, India. |
| Presenting dignitary | Vice-President of India C. P. Radhakrishnan. |
| Organising institution | Ramnath Goenka Foundation. |
| Coverage | The awards recognised 24 journalists across 19 categories. |
| Purpose / reason | The awards honour fearless, ethical, and high-quality journalism across print, digital, and broadcast media. |
| Strategic / significant value | The awards reinforce the importance of independent journalism in protecting democracy and countering misinformation. |
Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs March 28
7. The World Health Organization has placed BA.3.2 under which category according to the article?
A) Variant of Concern
B) Variant of High Risk
C) Variant Under Monitoring
D) Variant of Global Emergency
E) Variant of Special Alert
Answer: C) Variant Under Monitoring.
Event and Location:
- Event: A new COVID-19 variant named BA.3.2, popularly referred to as the Cicada variant, has gained attention due to its mutations and reappearance pattern.
- Location: Global, with first detection reported in South Africa.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: BA.3.2 has been identified as a sub-lineage of the Omicron family and is being tracked by the World Health Organization under the Variant Under Monitoring category due to its mutation profile and spread pattern.
- Objectives: Monitoring aims to assess its transmissibility, symptom pattern, immune escape potential, and public health implications while guiding surveillance and precautionary measures.
Important Terms Explained:
- BA.3.2: It is a COVID-19 variant belonging to the Omicron lineage that has drawn attention because of its high number of mutations and continued evolution into sub-lineages. Omicron: It is a major variant family of SARS-CoV-2 known for high transmissibility and multiple evolving sub-lineages. Variant Under Monitoring: It is a World Health Organization classification used for variants that are being observed for possible public health significance but are not currently classified as a major global threat. Spike protein: It is the part of the coronavirus that helps it enter human cells and is a key area where mutations can affect transmissibility and immune escape. Wastewater surveillance: It is a public health monitoring method that detects virus presence in sewage systems to track community-level spread.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | Emergence and monitoring of the BA.3.2 COVID-19 variant. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | Global, with first detection in South Africa in November 2024. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | World Health Organization monitoring with spread tracked through testing and wastewater surveillance. |
| Variant status | BA.3.2 is classified as a Variant Under Monitoring. |
| Key features | The variant reportedly has nearly 70 to 75 mutations, mainly in the spike protein. |
| Symptoms | Common symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, headache, runny nose, and sneezing. |
| Strategic / significant value | The variant is being watched for its possible spread, immune escape, and impact on vulnerable groups. |
International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs March 28
8. Which company developed Japan’s world’s first freight-only high-speed Shinkansen cargo train?
A) Central Japan Railway Company
B) West Japan Railway Company
C) East Japan Railway Company
D) Hitachi Rail
E) Kawasaki Rail
Answer: C) East Japan Railway Company.
Event and Location:
- Event: Japan introduced the world’s first freight-only high-speed Shinkansen cargo train capable of running at 275 kmph.
- Location: Japan, operating between Morioka and Tokyo on the Tohoku Shinkansen line.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The freight-only bullet train developed by East Japan Railway Company uses the E3 Series Shinkansen with redesigned interiors, reinforced flooring, and cargo fastening systems to transport time-sensitive goods at high speed.
- Objectives: The initiative aims to provide faster, reliable, and more sustainable logistics, reduce dependence on air cargo for urgent shipments, and improve high-value freight movement through rail-based transport.
Important Terms Explained:
- Shinkansen: It is Japan’s high-speed rail network known globally for speed, safety, and punctuality. E3 Series Shinkansen: It is a train series originally designed for passenger travel and later adapted for high-speed freight operations in this project. High-speed freight: It refers to cargo transport through high-speed rail systems for time-sensitive and high-value goods. Tohoku Shinkansen line: It is a major high-speed rail corridor in Japan connecting Tokyo with northern regions, including Morioka. Just-in-time delivery: It is a supply chain system in which goods are delivered exactly when needed to reduce storage time and inventory costs.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | Japan’s freight-only high-speed Shinkansen cargo train launch. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | Japan, between Morioka and Tokyo on the Tohoku Shinkansen line. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | East Japan Railway Company. |
| Speed | The train can run at speeds of up to 275 kmph. |
| Feature details | The E3 Series was modified with open cargo space, reinforced flooring, and secure fastening systems. |
| Cargo capacity | The train can carry about 1,000 boxes or nearly 17.4 tonnes of goods per trip. |
| Strategic / significant value | It offers a fast, cost-effective, and more sustainable alternative for time-sensitive logistics. |
9. What is the recommended maximum daily screen time for children aged 2 to 5 years under the new UK guidelines?
A) 30 minutes
B) 45 minutes
C) 1 hour
D) 2 hours
E) 3 hours
Answer: C) 1 hour.
Event and Location:
- Event: The United Kingdom introduced strict screen-time guidelines for young children to reduce digital exposure and protect early childhood development.
- Location: United Kingdom.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The new advisory recommends no screen use for children below 2 years of age and limits screen exposure to a maximum of one hour per day for children aged 2 to 5 years, along with avoiding screens during meals and before bedtime.
- Objectives: The guidelines aim to protect children’s mental and physical development, improve sleep patterns, reduce excessive digital dependence, and support healthier behavioural habits in early childhood.
Important Terms Explained:
- Screen-time guidelines: They are official recommendations that define the safe or appropriate amount of time children should spend using digital screens. Digital exposure: It refers to the time spent by children using or being exposed to devices such as smartphones, tablets, televisions, and other screens. Online safety measures: They are regulatory or advisory mechanisms introduced to protect children from harmful digital content, unsafe interactions, and excessive internet use. Age verification systems: They are tools used by digital platforms or governments to confirm a user’s age before granting access to certain online services or content. Mental well-being: It refers to a person’s emotional and psychological health, including behaviour, mood, and ability to interact socially.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | UK introduces strict screen-time guidelines for young children. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | United Kingdom. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | UK government. |
| Age coverage | The advisory applies to children below 5 years of age. |
| Feature details | No screen use is recommended for children under 2 years, while children aged 2 to 5 years should be limited to one hour per day. |
| Purpose / reason | The guidelines aim to reduce risks to sleep, physical activity, mental health, and social development. |
| Strategic / significant value | The move reflects a broader global push to regulate children’s digital exposure and improve online safety. |
Schemes – Daily Current Affairs March 28
10. Under the Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan (PM-SYM) scheme, what is the guaranteed monthly pension provided after attaining 60 years of age?
A) ₹1,000
B) ₹2,000
C) ₹3,000
D) ₹4,000
E) ₹5,000
Answer: C) ₹3,000.
Event and Location:
- Event: The Central Government is promoting Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan as a pension scheme for unorganized sector workers with contributions starting from ₹55 per month.
- Location: India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: PM-SYM is a voluntary and contributory pension scheme for unorganized sector workers aged 18 to 40 years with monthly income up to ₹15,000, under which the subscriber contributes a fixed monthly amount and the government makes an equal contribution.
- Objectives: The scheme aims to provide old-age income security, encourage long-term savings among low-income workers, and ensure a guaranteed pension of ₹3,000 per month after the age of 60 years.
Important Terms Explained:
- Unorganized sector: It refers to workers who are not covered by formal employment benefits such as provident fund, pension, or structured social security. Government co-contribution: It means the government contributes an amount equal to the subscriber’s monthly contribution under the scheme. EPFO: Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation is a statutory body that manages provident fund and pension-related benefits for organized sector employees. ESIC: Employees’ State Insurance Corporation provides social security and health insurance benefits to eligible workers. NPS: National Pension System is a voluntary retirement savings scheme designed to provide pension income after retirement.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan pension scheme awareness update. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Central Government. |
| Eligible age group | 18 to 40 years. |
| Income eligibility | Monthly income of ₹15,000 or less. |
| Feature details | Contribution starts at ₹55 per month and rises with entry age up to ₹200 per month. |
| Strategic / significant value | It provides a guaranteed pension of ₹3,000 per month after 60 years to unorganized workers. |
11. Under the revised PM E-DRIVE policy, incentives for electric two-wheelers will now remain available only up to which date?
A) March 31, 2026
B) July 31, 2026
C) December 31, 2026
D) March 31, 2027
E) March 31, 2028
Answer: B) July 31, 2026.
Event and Location:
- Event: The Government of India extended the PM E-DRIVE scheme till 2028 while limiting incentives for electric two-wheelers to July 31, 2026.
- Location: India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The Ministry of Heavy Industries extended the PM E-DRIVE scheme up to March 31, 2028, with a total outlay of ₹10,900 crore, while restricting electric two-wheeler subsidies to vehicles registered up to July 31, 2026 and continuing support for e-rickshaws and electric three-wheelers till 2028.
- Objectives: The policy aims to promote sustainable mobility, prioritize fleet-led electrification, support last-mile connectivity and logistics, and balance EV growth with fiscal discipline.
Important Terms Explained:
- PM E-DRIVE: It is a government scheme aimed at promoting electric vehicle adoption in India through targeted incentives and policy support. Electric two-wheelers: They are battery-powered scooters and motorcycles that receive demand incentives under EV promotion schemes. E-rickshaws: They are electric three-wheeled vehicles used mainly for passenger movement and last-mile connectivity. Commercial three-wheelers: They are electric three-wheel vehicles used for transport, delivery, and small-scale logistics operations. Last-mile connectivity: It refers to the final stage of transporting passengers or goods from a transport hub to their destination.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | PM E-DRIVE policy extended with revised EV incentive structure. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Ministry of Heavy Industries. |
| Scheme duration | The scheme has been extended till March 31, 2028. |
| Financial outlay | The total outlay of the scheme is ₹10,900 crore. |
| Feature details | Electric two-wheeler subsidies will be available only till July 31, 2026, while e-rickshaws and electric three-wheelers will continue to get support till 2028. |
| Strategic / significant value | The policy marks a shift towards fleet-led electrification, last-mile mobility, and commercial EV adoption. |
National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs March 28
12. On which route will India’s first hydrogen-powered train operate?
A) Delhi to Jaipur
B) Jind to Sonipat
C) Lucknow to Kanpur
D) Chennai to Bengaluru
E) Bhopal to Indore
Answer: B) Jind to Sonipat.
Event and Location:
- Event: India’s first hydrogen-powered trainset successfully completed its oscillation trial, marking a major step in clean rail transport.
- Location: India, with the operational route planned between Jind and Sonipat in Haryana.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Indian Railways completed the oscillation trial of its first hydrogen-powered trainset through the Research Designs and Standards Organization, while the prototype was developed by the Integral Coach Factory for operation on the Jind-Sonipat route.
- Objectives: The project aims to promote green mobility, reduce dependence on fossil fuels, enable zero-emission rail transport, and support Indian Railways’ long-term sustainability and net-zero goals.
Important Terms Explained:
- Hydrogen-powered train: It is a train that uses hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity for propulsion, with water vapour as the main by-product. Oscillation trial: It is a safety and performance test conducted to assess a train’s stability, ride quality, vibration levels, and track interaction at different speeds. Research Designs and Standards Organization: It is the technical body under Indian Railways responsible for research, design standards, and testing of railway systems and equipment. Integral Coach Factory: It is a major rail coach manufacturing unit in India that developed the hydrogen train prototype. Fuel cell: It is a device that produces electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen without combustion.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | India’s first hydrogen-powered train completes oscillation trial. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | India, with the planned route between Jind and Sonipat in Haryana. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Indian Railways, with trial validation by Research Designs and Standards Organization. |
| Key figures | Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw confirmed the milestone. |
| Feature details | The train has 10 coaches, 2400 kW power output, broad gauge compatibility, and zero carbon emissions. |
| Purpose / reason | The project is intended to advance clean energy adoption and sustainable rail transport. |
| Strategic / significant value | The development places India among countries pursuing hydrogen-based railway technology and supports green mobility goals. |
13. What is the planned ultimate annual passenger handling capacity of Noida International Airport at Jewar after full development?
A) 12 million
B) 25 million
C) 40 million
D) 70 million
E) 100 million
Answer: D) 70 million.
Event and Location:
- Event: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase-1 of Noida International Airport at Jewar as a major greenfield aviation infrastructure project.
- Location: Jewar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Noida International Airport has been launched as a ₹11,200 crore greenfield airport project to serve as the second international airport for Delhi-NCR, with Phase-1 capacity for 12 million passengers per annum and integrated cargo and logistics infrastructure.
- Objectives: The project aims to decongest Indira Gandhi International Airport, improve regional and international connectivity, support aviation growth, strengthen cargo handling capacity, and promote sustainable airport infrastructure through a net-zero emissions design.
Important Terms Explained:
- Noida International Airport: It is a greenfield airport project at Jewar in Uttar Pradesh being developed to serve Delhi-NCR and nearby regions. Greenfield project: It refers to a project developed from the ground up on previously unused land rather than by expanding an existing facility. Net-zero emissions: It means balancing the total greenhouse gas emissions produced with measures that reduce or offset them to achieve an overall neutral impact. Multi-Modal Cargo Hub: It is a logistics facility designed to integrate different modes of transport for efficient cargo movement and handling. MRO: Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul is an aviation support facility used for servicing, repairing, and maintaining aircraft.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | Inauguration of Phase-1 of Noida International Airport at Jewar. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | Jewar, Uttar Pradesh, India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Government of India, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. |
| Project cost | The airport has been built with an investment of about ₹11,200 crore. |
| Passenger capacity | Phase-1 will handle 12 million passengers per annum, with ultimate capacity of 70 million annually. |
| Cargo features | The project includes a multi-modal cargo hub, integrated cargo terminal, and dedicated logistics zones. |
| Strategic / significant value | The airport is expected to decongest Delhi-NCR, boost connectivity, and strengthen India’s aviation and logistics ecosystem. |
14. Which company has operationalized India’s first Port of Refuge to strengthen maritime safety?
A) Shipping Corporation of India
B) Cochin Shipyard
C) Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd
D) Indian Oil Corporation
E) Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority
Answer: C) Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd.
Event and Location:
- Event: Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd operationalized India’s first Port of Refuge to provide a structured mechanism for handling ships in distress.
- Location: India, with the first Port of Refuge facilities at Dighi on the west coast and Gopalpur on the east coast.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: The new Port of Refuge framework designates Dighi and Gopalpur ports as safe locations for vessels facing emergencies such as fire, collision, or mechanical failure, supported by salvage, firefighting, pollution control, and emergency coordination services.
- Objectives: The initiative aims to improve maritime safety, protect crew and cargo, reduce environmental damage, and create a faster and more coordinated response system along India’s major shipping corridors.
Important Terms Explained:
- Port of Refuge: It is a designated safe location where ships in distress can seek shelter for stabilization, emergency response, and risk reduction. Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd: It is a major Indian port infrastructure company that has operationalized this Port of Refuge framework. Salvage: It refers to operations carried out to rescue a damaged vessel, recover cargo, or prevent further maritime loss. Pollution control measures: These are emergency actions taken to contain and reduce marine pollution caused by ship accidents or hazardous discharges. Maritime Emergency Response Centre: It is an emergency support system or coordinating mechanism for responding to maritime incidents and vessel distress situations.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | India’s first Port of Refuge operationalized. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | Dighi on the west coast and Gopalpur on the east coast of India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Ltd. |
| Purpose / reason | To provide a structured emergency shelter and response mechanism for ships in distress. |
| Feature details | The framework includes salvage, wreck removal, firefighting support, pollution control, and emergency coordination systems. |
| Coverage value | Dighi will support Arabian Sea routes, while Gopalpur will serve Bay of Bengal routes. |
| Strategic / significant value | The initiative strengthens maritime safety, environmental protection, and emergency preparedness along key global shipping lanes. |
15. What is the planned final annual passenger handling capacity of Noida International Airport after completion of all phases?
A) 12 million
B) 30 million
C) 50 million
D) 70 million
E) 100 million
Answer: D) 70 million.
Event and Location:
- Event: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase-1 of Noida International Airport at Jewar as a major greenfield aviation project for Delhi-NCR.
- Location: Jewar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Date: March 28, 2026.
Mandates and Objectives:
- Mandates: Noida International Airport has been launched with Phase-1 infrastructure including a 3,900-metre runway, passenger facilities, cargo infrastructure, and road connectivity, while future phases are planned to expand passenger and cargo handling capacity.
- Objectives: The project aims to decongest Indira Gandhi International Airport, improve regional and international connectivity, strengthen cargo logistics, support economic growth in western Uttar Pradesh, and promote sustainable aviation infrastructure.
Important Terms Explained:
- Noida International Airport: It is a greenfield airport project at Jewar in Uttar Pradesh developed to serve Delhi-NCR and nearby regions. Greenfield airport: It refers to a new airport developed from scratch on previously unused land. RRTS: Regional Rapid Transit System is a fast regional transit network planned to improve high-speed connectivity between major urban centres. Multi-modal transport hub: It is a transport facility that integrates different modes of transport such as road, rail, metro, and air for seamless movement of passengers and cargo. Wide-body aircraft: They are large aircraft with bigger fuselage capacity, generally used for long-haul and high-capacity operations.
Tabular Summary:
| Parameter | Details |
| Event name | Inauguration of Phase-1 of Noida International Airport at Jewar. |
| Date | March 28, 2026. |
| Location | Jewar, Uttar Pradesh, India. |
| Issuing authority / organiser | Government of India, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. |
| Project cost | Phase-1 has been developed at a cost of about ₹11,282 crore. |
| Passenger capacity | Initial capacity is 12 million passengers annually, with final planned capacity of 70 million by 2036. |
| Cargo capacity | Initial cargo handling capacity is 2.5 lakh metric tonnes, expandable up to 18 lakh metric tonnes. |
| Strategic / significant value | The airport will decongest Delhi-NCR aviation traffic, improve logistics, and emerge as a major transport hub in North India. |
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