Daily Current Affairs October 08

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs October 08. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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October 08 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 08

1. What is the significance of October 8 in the context of India’s military history?
A) Navy Day
B) Army Day
C) Border Security Force Day
D) Indian Air Force Day
E) Defence Technology Day
Answer: D) Indian Air Force Day

Event and Location:

• Event: 93rd Indian Air Force Day celebrated to honour IAF personnel
• Location: Nationwide; main event at Hindon Air Base, Ghaziabad
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Commemorate the establishment of the Indian Air Force on October 8, 1932
  • Organize ceremonial events, air shows, parades, and fly-pasts at key air bases
• Objectives:
  • Salute the courage, professionalism, and commitment of Indian air warriors
  • Showcase modernisation of the IAF and its evolving combat capabilities
  • Inspire national pride and public awareness of IAF’s role in national security and humanitarian missions

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Air Force (IAF):
  • The aerial warfare branch of the Indian Armed Forces, tasked with defending Indian airspace and conducting aerial warfare during conflict
• Nabha Sparsham Deeptam:
  • The motto of the IAF, meaning “Touch the Sky with Glory”, derived from Bhagavad Gita, reflecting the spirit of valor and excellence
• Hindon Air Base:
  • One of the largest and most prominent airbases in Asia, located in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, and the primary venue for Air Force Day parades and air displays

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs October 08

2. Where did Alappuzha-based dentist Dr. Rupesh S. complete his fourth Ironman triathlon?
A) Berlin, Germany
B) Sydney, Australia
C) Calella, Spain
D) New York, USA
E) Paris, France
Answer: C) Calella, Spain

Event and Location:

• Event: Dr. Rupesh S. completes his fourth Ironman triathlon
• Location: Calella, Barcelona, Spain
• Date: October 8, 2025 (reported date; event held earlier that week)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Dr. Rupesh S., a 45-year-old dentist from Alappuzha, Kerala, successfully completed his fourth Ironman triathlon at Ironman Calella-Barcelona 2025, completing all race segments within the official time limit.
• Objectives: To achieve personal fitness excellence through endurance sports and inspire broader participation in global triathlons by Indian athletes, particularly from non-sporting professional backgrounds.

Important Terms Explained:

• Ironman Triathlon: A globally recognized long-distance endurance race comprising a 3.86 km swim, 180.25 km cycling, and a 42.2 km marathon run, completed within a time limit (usually 16–17 hours depending on the venue).
• Ironman Calella-Barcelona: A prestigious European Ironman event held annually near Barcelona, Spain, attracting athletes worldwide to test their physical and mental endurance.
• Finish Time – 13:09:01: Dr. Rupesh completed the entire triathlon in 13 hours, 9 minutes, and 1 second, comfortably inside the 16-hour and 20-minute limit, demonstrating high endurance and elite fitness.

Tabular Summary:

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3. Why was Olympic bronze medallist Aman Sehrawat suspended by the Wrestling Federation of India (WFI)?
A) For testing positive for banned substances
B) For missing the World Championships
C) For exceeding the weight limit in his category
D) For refusing to attend national camps
E) For misconduct with coaches
Answer: C) For exceeding the weight limit in his category

Event and Location:

• Event: Suspension of wrestler Aman Sehrawat by WFI
• Location: Zagreb, Croatia (World Championships venue); Suspension enforced by WFI, India
• Date: Suspension effective from September 23, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) has suspended Olympic bronze medallist Aman Sehrawat for one year after he failed to make the 57 kg weight limit at the 2025 World Wrestling Championships held in Zagreb, Croatia.
• Objectives:
  • To enforce disciplinary standards and compliance with weight regulations
  • To ensure professional conduct and accountability among elite wrestlers
  • To maintain the credibility of India’s international wrestling representation

Important Terms Explained:

• WFI (Wrestling Federation of India): The governing body for wrestling in India, responsible for organizing events, selecting teams, and enforcing disciplinary codes for national and international competitions.
• Weight Category Violation: In combat sports like wrestling, exceeding the assigned weight class leads to disqualification or penalties. Sehrawat exceeded the 57 kg limit, breaching competitive eligibility.
• Preparatory Camp: Sehrawat had joined a pre-bout training camp in Porec, Croatia 18 days before his match, which the disciplinary committee judged sufficient time to meet fitness and weight requirements.
• Disciplinary Action: Sehrawat received a one-year ban effective September 23, 2025, barring him from all national and international wrestling-related activities till September 2026.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs October 08

4. What is the primary aim of GIFT City’s discussions with RBI regarding real-time forex settlement?
A) To introduce a digital currency for GIFT banks
B) To allow retail investors to trade forex directly
C) To enable 24-hour trading in domestic markets
D) To reduce forex settlement time and attract investors
E) To ban derivatives in domestic markets
Answer: D) To reduce forex settlement time and attract investors

Event and Location:

• Event: GIFT City in talks with RBI to enable real-time forex settlement for Indian banks
• Location: GIFT City, Gujarat, India
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: GIFT City, through its regulator IFSCA, is working with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to enable domestic Indian banks to access its newly launched real-time foreign exchange settlement system.
• Objectives: The move aims to cut transaction costs, enhance forex liquidity, speed up settlements, and make India more attractive to foreign investors, positioning GIFT City as a global financial hub.

Important Terms Explained:

• GIFT City: Gujarat International Finance Tec-City is India’s first operational smart city and an international financial services hub designed to offer tax neutrality and world-class infrastructure for global financial transactions.
• Real-time forex settlement system: A new mechanism that reduces forex settlement time from 24 hours to 30 seconds, enabling faster and cheaper cross-border currency transactions.
• GIFT Nifty: A dollar-denominated derivative of the Nifty 50 index traded in GIFT City, primarily targeted at institutional investors. Recently, daily expiry contracts were introduced to increase flexibility.

Tabular Summary:

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5. What is the name of the Generative AI model launched by FICO for financial services?
A) FICO AI Trust Model
B) Focused Learning Model
C) FICO Focused Foundation Model
D) GenAI Financial Framework
E) Financial Intelligence Generator
Answer: C) FICO Focused Foundation Model

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of FICO’s Generative AI model for financial services
• Location: Mumbai, India (global announcement context)
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Global analytics firm FICO has launched the FICO Focused Foundation Model (FICO FLM), a Generative AI (GenAI) model tailored specifically for financial services applications.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to ensure accurate, auditable, and domain-specific use of GenAI in financial risk management and compliance, laying a foundation for trusted and responsible AI adoption in the sector.

Important Terms Explained:

• FICO Focused Foundation Model (FICO FLM): A specialized Generative AI model designed to be precise and auditable, tailored to specific tasks in the financial sector rather than built on generalized datasets.
• Generative AI (GenAI): A type of artificial intelligence that can generate new content, such as text or code, based on learned patterns. In this case, it’s being responsibly applied to financial analytics and decision-making.
• Small Language Models (SLM): A scaled-down version of large language models, focusing on domain-specific tasks. FLMs (Focused Language Models) are a form of SLM tailored for high precision in specific areas like financial services.

Tabular Summary:

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6. What is one of the key GST reforms suggested by experts for inclusion in the upcoming GST Council meeting?
A) Abolishing input tax credit for all services
B) Introducing a national income tax refund scheme
C) Expanding e-invoicing to B2C transactions
D) Merging GST with customs duties
E) Applying GST only to exports
Answer: C) Expanding e-invoicing to B2C transactions

Event and Location:

• Event: Upcoming GST Council meeting likely to focus on compliance and procedural reforms
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The GST Council is preparing to discuss a fresh set of policy updates, procedural reforms, and compliance measures in its next meeting. The focus is shifting from rate rationalisation to simplification of processes.
• Objectives: To ensure ease of doing business by reducing compliance burdens, improving dispute resolution mechanisms, addressing inverted duty structure issues, and potentially bringing electricity and natural gas under GST.

Important Terms Explained:

• GST Council: A constitutional body under Article 279A, responsible for making recommendations on issues related to Goods and Services Tax in India, including laws, rules, and rates.
• Input Tax Credit (ITC): A mechanism that allows businesses to claim credit for the GST paid on inputs (goods or services) used in their business, reducing their overall tax liability.
• Inverted Duty Structure (IDS): A tax situation where the GST rate on inputs is higher than that on outputs, leading to accumulation of unutilized ITC and cash flow issues for businesses.
• E-invoicing: A system under GST where invoices are electronically authenticated by the GST Network. Currently mandatory for B2B transactions above a threshold, experts recommend expanding it to B2C (Business-to-Consumer) transactions for transparency.
• GST Arbitration Tribunal: A proposed quasi-judicial body to resolve GST-related disputes faster, promoting fair hearing and reducing litigation backlog.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 08

7. According to Union Minister Pralhad Joshi, what is India’s current solar power generation capacity?
A) 95 GW
B) 110 GW
C) 125 GW
D) 150 GW
E) 175 GW
Answer: C) 125 GW

Event and Location:

• Event: India reaches 125 GW solar energy capacity, becoming 3rd largest solar energy producer
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy Pralhad Joshi announced that India has achieved 125 GW of solar energy capacity, placing it as the third-largest solar energy producer in the world.
• Objectives: To promote clean energy, fulfill India’s climate commitments, and contribute to the global target of 11,000 GW of renewable energy by 2030 as per the CoP28 goals. The aim also includes widespread rooftop solar adoption under PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana and increased collaboration through the International Solar Alliance (ISA).

Important Terms Explained:

• PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana: A government initiative to promote rooftop solar installations in households, offering free electricity through subsidized solar panels. Over 20 lakh households are currently benefiting.
• International Solar Alliance (ISA): A multilateral body initiated by India and France to foster solar energy adoption globally. It now has 124 member countries, working to mobilize $1 trillion in solar investments by 2030 and lower costs in technology and financing.
• CoP28 (Conference of Parties 28): The 28th United Nations climate summit where nations committed to tripling global renewable energy capacity to 11,000 GW by 2030.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs October 08

8. Who has been re-appointed as Taiwan’s representative to the 2025 APEC summit?
A) Lai Ching-te
B) Tsai Ing-wen
C) Lin Hsin-i
D) Wu Jaushieh
E) Ma Ying-jeou
Answer: C) Lin Hsin-i

Event and Location:

• Event: Taiwan re-appoints former Economy Minister as APEC Summit Representative
• Location: Taipei (Announcement); South Korea (APEC 2025 Summit venue)
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Taiwan’s presidential office has announced the re-appointment of Lin Hsin-i, former Economy Minister, as Taiwan’s representative to the 2025 APEC Summit in South Korea. Lin had previously represented Taiwan at the 2024 summit in Peru and the 2005 summit in Korea.
• Objectives: To ensure experienced and strategic representation of Taiwan at APEC, maintain diplomatic presence at one of the few global platforms where both Taiwan and China participate, and to strengthen economic engagement and international visibility amid geopolitical sensitivities.

Important Terms Explained:

• APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation): A 21-member regional forum that promotes free trade, economic cooperation, and sustainable growth in the Asia-Pacific. Taiwan participates under the name “Chinese Taipei” due to diplomatic constraints and pressure from China.
• Lin Hsin-i: Former Economy Minister of Taiwan and current Chairman of Taiwania Capital, a government-backed venture capital firm. Known for his diplomatic experience, he is considered a seasoned and neutral envoy for APEC summits.
• Chinese Taipei: The name under which Taiwan participates in international forums like APEC due to the One-China Policy and objections from the People’s Republic of China, which claims Taiwan as part of its territory.
• Taiwania Capital: A government-supported investment fund that promotes technological innovation and economic development in Taiwan.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Who has been appointed as the new president of the Bengaluru North District Congress Committee (DCC)?
A) K. Nandakumar
B) O. Manjunath
C) D.K. Mohan Babu
D) Abdul Wajid
E) Hanumantharayappa
Answer: D) Abdul Wajid

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Presidents for five District Congress Committees (DCCs) in Bengaluru
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Date: October 7, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The All India Congress Committee (AICC) has appointed new presidents for the five District Congress Committees (DCCs) in Bengaluru and also named a new general secretary for the Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC).
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen the party’s grassroots structure in Bengaluru
  • To enhance regional leadership capacity ahead of upcoming political activities
  • To streamline organizational responsibilities within the Karnataka Congress unit

Important Terms Explained:

• All India Congress Committee (AICC): The central decision-making body of the Indian National Congress, responsible for appointing party functionaries across states and districts.
• District Congress Committee (DCC): The district-level unit of the Congress party responsible for managing local political strategy, mobilization, and party administration.
• Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC): The state-level body of the Congress party in Karnataka that oversees political activities, campaigns, and organization building.

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs October 08

10. What is a major environmental benefit of KisanKraft’s Dry Direct Seeded Rice (DDSR) technology?
A) Increases pesticide usage
B) Requires standing water for growth
C) Enhances methane emissions
D) Reduces greenhouse gas emissions
E) Uses genetically modified seeds
Answer: D) Reduces greenhouse gas emissions

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of KisanKraft’s pan-India awareness campaign for DDSR technology
• Location: Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh (Launch site); Nationwide (10 states)
• Date: October 10, 2025 (Launch Date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: KisanKraft Ltd is launching a nationwide awareness and education campaign to promote Dry Direct Seeded Rice (DDSR) technology as a sustainable alternative to traditional rice transplanting.
• Objectives: To reduce water usage by 50–60%, lower input costs, minimize methane emissions, improve soil health, and help farmers adopt a climate-resilient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly rice cultivation practice without compromising yield.

Important Terms Explained:

• Dry Direct Seeded Rice (DDSR): A rice cultivation method where seeds are sown directly into non-puddled, dry soil without standing water. It saves over 50% water, reduces input costs, and almost eliminates methane emissions, making it environmentally sustainable.
• Methane Emissions in Paddy Fields: Traditional wetland rice contributes to 8–12% of global methane emissions due to anaerobic conditions in flooded fields. DDSR significantly reduces this methane output.
• More Crop Per Drop: A water-saving principle encouraging maximum agricultural output with minimal water use, aligning with sustainable farming goals.

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs October 08

11. What is the target beneficiary count for the GenRise initiative launched by TNSDC?
A) 15,000
B) 25,000
C) 35,000
D) 50,000
E) 75,000
Answer: C) 35,000

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of GenRise initiative to upskill youth in Tamil Nadu
• Location: Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Tamil Nadu Skill Development Corporation (TNSDC), under the Vetri Nichayam Project, launched GenRise in partnership with Generation India Foundation, aiming to upskill 35,000 youth across Tamil Nadu by March 2028.
• Objectives: To provide market-relevant skills, enhance employability, and empower both rural and urban youth to contribute meaningfully to the state’s economy.

Important Terms Explained:

• TNSDC (Tamil Nadu Skill Development Corporation): A government body under the Tamil Nadu government responsible for implementing skill development initiatives to increase youth employability and workforce competitiveness.
• GenRise: A collaborative project between TNSDC and Generation India Foundation to train and upskill 35,000 youth by March 2028, focusing on inclusive access to skill training and economic empowerment.
• Vetri Nichayam Project: A flagship initiative of the Tamil Nadu government aimed at ensuring assured success (Vetri Nichayam means “Success is certain” in Tamil) by equipping youth with essential job-ready skills.
• Generation India Foundation: A non-profit organization part of the global Generation network, focusing on transformational employment training and career support for underserved communities.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Which tribal goddesses is the Sammakka Saralamma Central Tribal University named after?
A) Durga and Kali
B) Sammakka and Saralamma
C) Meenakshi and Andal
D) Savitri and Sita
E) Renuka and Yellamma
Answer: B) Sammakka and Saralamma

Event and Location:

• Event: Unveiling of the official logo of Sammakka Saralamma Central Tribal University
• Location: New Delhi (event venue); University located in Mulugu, Telangana
• Date: October 7, 2025 (event date); reported on October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan and Union Coal Minister G. Kishan Reddy unveiled the logo of Sammakka Saralamma Central Tribal University, in the presence of Vice-Chancellor Y.L. Srinivas.
• Objectives:
  • To symbolize the cultural heritage of Telangana’s tribal communities
  • To promote higher education and development for tribal populations in Telangana and neighbouring states
  • To reflect inclusivity through a logo that integrates words from multiple tribal languages
  • To expedite the construction of the university’s permanent campus

Important Terms Explained:

• Sammakka and Saralamma: Revered tribal goddesses of Telangana, worshipped during the biennial Sammakka-Saralamma Jatara, one of Asia’s largest tribal festivals held in Medaram. The university’s name honours this deep-rooted cultural and spiritual tradition.
• Sammakka Saralamma Central Tribal University: A newly established central tribal university located in Mulugu, Telangana, created to enhance tribal education and research. The university is funded by the Centre with over ₹800 crore allocated for infrastructure.
• Tribal Languages in the Logo: The newly unveiled university logo incorporates elements from various tribal dialects, symbolizing diversity, inclusivity, and cultural representation.

Tabular Summary:

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13. How many welfare schemes worth ₹63.02 crore have been implemented in Edappadi Municipality during the current DMK regime?
A) 110
B) 150
C) 215
D) 275
E) 325
Answer: C) 215

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation of welfare schemes and launch of drinking water expansion project
• Location: Edappadi Municipality, Salem District, Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 7, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Tourism Minister R. Rajendran inaugurated a drinking water expansion project worth ₹10.75 crore in Edappadi Municipality.
  • The Minister highlighted that 215 welfare schemes totaling ₹63.02 crore have been implemented in the region during the DMK government’s tenure.
• Objectives:
  • To expand clean drinking water access for residents of Edappadi
  • To showcase the developmental work and investment under the current state government
  • To enhance basic urban infrastructure and living standards

Important Terms Explained:

• Edappadi Municipality: A local civic body in Salem district, Tamil Nadu, responsible for urban infrastructure and public services. Notably, Edappadi is also the home constituency of former CM Edappadi K. Palaniswami.
• DMK Regime: Refers to the governance period of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) party under Chief Minister M.K. Stalin, currently in power since May 2021 in Tamil Nadu.
• Drinking Water Expansion Project: Infrastructure development initiative to improve water supply networks, aiming to ensure equitable water access in urban areas facing shortages or outdated systems.

Tabular Summary:

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14. What is the name of the Thiruvananthapuram district panchayat’s initiative that encourages students to teach English in tribal areas?
A) ENGLISH+ Rural Connect
B) Project Samvad
C) GOTEC
D) EduConnect Kerala
E) Tribal Vidya Abhiyaan
Answer: C) GOTEC

Event and Location:

• Event: Student-led English language outreach to tribal elders under GOTEC
• Location: Kakkoottu Kunnu tribal hamlet, Pangode Grama Panchayat, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
• Date: October 7, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Fifty students from GHSS Bharathannoor visited a tribal hamlet to teach English to elderly tribal residents
  • This visit was organized under the GOTEC (Global Opportunities through English Communication) initiative by the Thiruvananthapuram District Panchayat
• Objectives:
  • To promote intergenerational learning and empower tribal communities through basic English language skills
  • To encourage students to apply communication skills for social inclusion and connection
  • To promote language as a bridge for development and cultural exchange

Important Terms Explained:

• GOTEC (Global Opportunities through English Communication):
  • A flagship programme of Thiruvananthapuram District Panchayat
  • Aims to improve English communication skills among rural and marginalized communities
  • Encourages student participation in real-world teaching and learning scenarios for social impact
• Community Outreach Programme:
  • An initiative where students or volunteers extend classroom learning into rural or tribal communities
  • Designed to enhance civic engagement, empathy, and educational equity
• Tribal Hamlet:
  • Small, often remote communities inhabited by indigenous tribal populations, typically with limited access to formal education resources

Tabular Summary:

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15. What initiative has the Delhi government recently launched to address poor infrastructure in its public schools?
A) Delhi Vidya Mission
B) School Reboot Programme
C) Infrastructure Revamp Drive
D) School Audit Campaign
E) Mission Shiksha Suraksha
Answer: D) School Audit Campaign

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of an audit to identify and revamp dilapidated government schools
• Location: Delhi, India
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Delhi government initiated a comprehensive audit of government school infrastructure
  • The audit started in Narela and will be conducted district-wise across all 1,075 government schools
• Objectives:
  • To identify schools with deteriorating infrastructure and lack of basic facilities like toilets, furniture, and proper classrooms
  • To prepare an action report for renovation and rebuilding
  • To ensure students have access to safe, clean, and functional educational environments

Important Terms Explained:

• School Audit:
  • A systematic assessment of infrastructure in schools to identify issues such as broken ceilings, water seepage, unsafe classrooms, and unhygienic washrooms
• Public Interest Litigation (PIL):
  • A legal mechanism that allows citizens to seek judicial intervention on public welfare issues, in this case, poor school conditions
• Sarvodaya Kanya Vidyalaya / Government Secondary Schools:
  • Government-run educational institutions in Delhi that often serve lower-income and underprivileged students, and require urgent infrastructure support

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 08

16. Which section marks the final stretch inaugurated in Phase 2B of Mumbai Metro Line-3?
A) Aarey to Dadar
B) JVLR to Andheri
C) Cuffe Parade to Acharya Atre Chowk
D) Ghatkopar to Marine Drive
E) Churchgate to Worli
Answer: C) Cuffe Parade to Acharya Atre Chowk

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Phase 2B of Mumbai Metro Line-3
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated Phase 2B of Mumbai Metro Line-3, completing the 33.5-km Aqua Line from Cuffe Parade to Aarey JVLR, Mumbai’s first fully underground metro corridor.
• Objectives: The project aims to enhance urban transport connectivity, decongest roads, improve last-mile connectivity, and boost the ease of living in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR).

Important Terms Explained:

• Mumbai Metro Line-3 (Aqua Line): A 33.5-km fully underground metro line with 27 stations, connecting Cuffe Parade in South Mumbai to Aarey JVLR in the north. It is designed to carry around 13 lakh passengers daily.
• Phase 2B: The final section of the Metro Line-3 project, stretching from Cuffe Parade to Acharya Atre Chowk, constructed at a cost of around ₹12,200 crore, completing the entire Aqua Line corridor.
• Ease of Living: A governance initiative aimed at improving urban infrastructure and quality of life by enabling better mobility, reduced commute times, and efficient public transport systems.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which major infrastructure project inaugurated by PM Modi in Navi Mumbai is described as a “glimpse of Viksit Bharat”?
A) Mumbai Metro Line-2A
B) Mumbai One Mobility App
C) Navi Mumbai International Airport
D) Udan Phase 3
E) Mumbai Central Railway Station
Answer: C) Navi Mumbai International Airport

Event and Location:

• Event: PM Modi inaugurates Navi Mumbai International Airport, calls it a symbol of Viksit Bharat
• Location: Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: October 9, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the first phase of the Navi Mumbai International Airport, a major greenfield aviation project, and dedicated it as a symbol of India’s infrastructure transformation and vision for a developed India (Viksit Bharat).
• Objectives: To enhance global and domestic connectivity, strengthen economic infrastructure, support job creation, empower local communities (farmers and fisherfolk), and establish Mumbai as one of Asia’s largest connectivity hubs.

Important Terms Explained:

• Navi Mumbai International Airport: India’s largest greenfield airport project, designed in the shape of a lotus, envisioned to complement the Mumbai airport and boost the region’s logistics and connectivity ecosystem.
• Viksit Bharat (Developed India): A vision by PM Modi aiming to build a self-reliant, economically strong, and globally competitive India by focusing on inclusive development, infrastructure, innovation, and technology.
• Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik (Udan) Scheme: A regional air connectivity scheme launched in 2016 to make air travel affordable and accessible to common citizens, especially in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities.
• Mumbai One App: A unified digital mobility platform integrating 11 transport services, allowing for cashless ticketing and multi-modal trip planning in Mumbai.
• Greenfield Project: A project built from scratch on undeveloped land, without needing to modify any existing structures or facilities.

Tabular Summary:

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18. What was the primary concern expressed by Union Ministers in their meeting with Tata Group leaders?
A) Delay in launching Tata’s electric vehicle division
B) Infighting within Tata Motors board
C) Internal discord in Tata Trusts impacting Tata Sons’ stability
D) Ratan Tata’s business legacy strategy
E) Withdrawal of Tata Sons from international operations
Answer: C) Internal discord in Tata Trusts impacting Tata Sons’ stability

Event and Location:

• Event: Union Ministers meet Tata Group leaders to address internal discord within Tata Trusts
• Location: New Delhi (residence of Union Home Minister Amit Shah)
• Date: October 7, 2025 (meeting date), reported on October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Ministers Amit Shah and Nirmala Sitharaman met top Tata Group leaders to address internal governance issues at Tata Trusts and ensure that discord does not affect Tata Sons, the holding company of India’s largest business conglomerate.
• Objectives:
  • To safeguard group stability amid internal conflicts over board appointments
  • To maintain public confidence in a company of systemic national economic importance
  • To encourage swift internal resolution, including possible removal of disruptive trustees
  • To discuss Tata Sons’ public listing, in line with RBI norms for upper-layer NBFCs
  • To explore liquidity options for Shapoorji Pallonji Group, a major shareholder in Tata Sons

Important Terms Explained:

• Tata Trusts: Philanthropic organizations that collectively hold a majority stake in Tata Sons. The Trusts play a critical role in shaping the governance and control of the Tata Group.
• Tata Sons: The principal investment holding company and promoter of major Tata companies. Classified by RBI as an upper-layer NBFC, it is expected to comply with mandatory listing norms.
• Shapoorji Pallonji Group: The second-largest shareholder in Tata Sons, historically linked through the Mistry family. It has previously been involved in disputes regarding governance and stake monetization.
• Upper-layer NBFCs: A classification under RBI’s scale-based regulation, requiring enhanced governance norms, including mandatory listing within a prescribed time frame.
• Public Responsibility of Trusts: Given their majority ownership and influence over Tata Sons, the government expects Tata Trusts to operate with discretion, stability, and economic responsibility.

Tabular Summary:

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19. What is the compensation per hectare announced for farmers with fully irrigated land under Maharashtra’s flood relief package?
A) ₹18,500
B) ₹25,000
C) ₹27,000
D) ₹30,000
E) ₹32,500
Answer: E) ₹32,500

Event and Location:

• Event: Maharashtra government announces ₹31,628 crore relief package for flood-affected farmers
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra
• Date: October 7, 2025 (Announcement Date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Maharashtra government, led by CM Devendra Fadnavis, has approved a ₹31,628 crore relief package for farmers affected by heavy rainfall and floods in 29 of the state’s 36 districts.
• Objectives:
  • To provide financial relief for crop damage across different types of agricultural land
  • To support the economic recovery of farmers across 253 affected talukas and 2000+ revenue circles
  • To stabilize rural livelihoods and ensure timely support to flood-affected agricultural communities

Important Terms Explained:

• Dry Land: Agricultural land that depends entirely on rainfall for irrigation. Compensation announced is ₹18,500 per hectare.
• Hangami Bagayati (Seasonal Irrigated Land): Land that receives intermittent irrigation during the cropping season. Compensation is ₹27,000 per hectare.
• Bagayatu (Fully Irrigated Land): Land with continuous access to irrigation, allowing for higher yield. Compensation is ₹32,500 per hectare.
• Relief Package: A financial assistance program provided by the government in response to natural disasters, aiming to mitigate economic loss and support recovery.

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20. What is the ecological role of the Nilgiri Tahr as highlighted by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department?
A) Predator control in high-altitude regions
B) Water pollution prevention in plains
C) Stabilizing riverbanks through burrowing
D) Aiding grassland and water stream formation through foraging
E) Controlling invasive plant species in wetlands
Answer: D) Aiding grassland and water stream formation through foraging

Event and Location:

• Event: Nilgiri Tahr Day celebrated by Tamil Nadu Forest Department
• Location: Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (Government Arts College)
• Date: October 7, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Tamil Nadu Forest Department, through its Project Nilgiri Tahr division, organized Nilgiri Tahr Day to educate students on the ecological significance of the Nilgiri Tahr, an endangered mountain goat species native to the Western Ghats.
• Objectives:
  • To spread awareness about the Nilgiri Tahr’s role in sustaining high-altitude ecosystems
  • To highlight the species’ contribution in strengthening root systems, enabling rainwater percolation, and supporting stream and river formation
  • To involve youth in conservation efforts through rallies, signature campaigns, and art displays

Important Terms Explained:

• Nilgiri Tahr: An endangered wild mountain goat species (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) found only in the Western Ghats. It plays a crucial role in maintaining grassland health, preventing soil erosion, and aiding water retention and stream formation.
• Project Nilgiri Tahr: A flagship conservation initiative by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department aimed at protecting, monitoring, and restoring Nilgiri Tahr habitats, while promoting public awareness and community participation.
• Shola Forests: Unique montane forests found in the Western Ghats, surrounded by grasslands. These biodiverse ecosystems are dependent on the health of grassland species like the Nilgiri Tahr for ecological balance and water sustainability.

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21. What assurance did the Centre give to cotton farmers in Telangana, as announced by G. Kishan Reddy?
A) Export subsidies for cotton yarn
B) Import of cheaper cotton seeds
C) Guaranteed procurement of every kilogram of cotton
D) Free irrigation for cotton fields
E) Minimum export price fixation for cotton
Answer: C) Guaranteed procurement of every kilogram of cotton

Event and Location:

• Event: Central government announces guaranteed cotton procurement and launches a support app
• Location: New Delhi (announcement); Telangana (focus area)
• Date: October 7, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy assured cotton farmers in Telangana that the Centre will procure every kilogram of cotton, irrespective of global market trends, to safeguard farmer interests.
• Objectives:
  • To protect cotton farmers from losses due to falling international cotton prices
  • To facilitate direct payment mechanisms to farmers for procurement
  • To enhance transparency and accessibility through the launch of a new mobile app for cotton-related services

Important Terms Explained:

• Cotton Procurement Guarantee: A government assurance to purchase entire cotton produce from farmers at fair or Minimum Support Prices (MSP), regardless of global price fluctuations.
• Direct Payment System: An initiative under which payments are made directly into farmers’ bank accounts, eliminating middlemen and ensuring timely and transparent transactions.
• Cotton Procurement App: A new mobile application (name not disclosed in the article) introduced to streamline cotton procurement, registration, tracking, and payment processes, enhancing farmer convenience and data transparency.

Tabular Summary:

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22. Which project supports the low-emission rice farming initiative being launched in Kerala?
A) PM-Fasal Bima Yojana
B) Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana
C) Kerala Climate Resilient Agri-Value Chain Modernisation Project
D) Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana
E) MGNREGA Green Fields Project
Answer: C) Kerala Climate Resilient Agri-Value Chain Modernisation Project

Event and Location:

• Event: Inception workshop on low-emission rice farming systems in Kerala
• Location: Kerala Agricultural University (KAU), Thrissur, Kerala
• Date: October 10–12, 2025 (Thursday to Saturday)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare is launching a three-day workshop titled “Catalysing Transitions to Low-Emission Rice-Based Systems in Kerala.”
  • The workshop is part of the KERA project, supported by the World Bank.
• Objectives:
  • To promote climate-resilient agriculture by shifting to low-carbon rice cultivation methods
  • To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional paddy farming, especially methane
  • To train stakeholders including farmers, policymakers, and researchers on sustainable rice cultivation practices

Important Terms Explained:

• Kerala Climate Resilient Agri-Value Chain Modernisation Project (KERA):
  • A World Bank-assisted initiative by the Government of Kerala
  • Aims to modernize agricultural value chains, improve climate resilience, and ensure sustainability in farming practices
• Low-Emission Rice-Based Systems:
  • Agricultural practices that focus on reducing methane and nitrous oxide emissions from rice cultivation
  • Includes alternate wetting and drying (AWD), direct seeding, and low-input sustainable techniques
• Climate-Resilient Agriculture:
  • Farming systems adapted to changing climatic conditions, reducing environmental impact and improving sustainability

Tabular Summary:

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23. Where has Coforge inaugurated its new free public library in Hyderabad?
A) Banjara Hills
B) Madhapur
C) Kothaguda
D) Gachibowli
E) Jubilee Hills
Answer: C) Kothaguda

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of a new free public library by Coforge
• Location: Kothaguda, near HiTech City, Hyderabad
• Date: October 8, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Coforge, a Noida-based IT services company, inaugurated a free public library in Kondapur (Kothaguda area) of Hyderabad.
  • The facility is set up on the 8th floor of Pravana Business Park, covering 16,660 sq. ft, and houses 15,000 physical and digital books.
• Objectives:
  • To provide free, inclusive access to knowledge and learning resources
  • To promote reading culture, community learning, and social development
  • To integrate corporate social responsibility with long-term educational infrastructure

Important Terms Explained:

• Coforge:
  • An Indian multinational digital services and solutions provider headquartered in Noida
  • Known for investing in community-oriented CSR initiatives, including public libraries in tech hubs across India
• Public Library as Social Infrastructure:
  • Refers to open-access spaces offering free resources for reading, research, and self-development
  • Seen as tools for educational empowerment, inclusivity, and community upliftment
• Digital Library:
  • A collection of e-books, research databases, and multimedia learning resources
  • Ensures accessibility to users with internet-connected devices, aiding remote and tech-savvy learners

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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