Daily Current Affairs October 02

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs October 02. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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October 02 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs October 02

1. Which date is globally observed as the International Day of Non-Violence?
A) August 15
B) October 2
C) January 26
D) November 14
E) October 1
Answer: B) October 2

Event and Location:

• Event: Observance of International Day of Non-Violence and Gandhi Jayanti
• Location: Globally (with commemorations in India and UN member countries)
• Date: October 2, 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The United Nations General Assembly declared October 2 as the International Day of Non-Violence in 2007, aligning it with Gandhi Jayanti in India.
  • Events and tributes are organized globally to honor Mahatma Gandhi’s legacy.
• Objectives:
  • To promote non-violence as a universal value and encourage a global culture of peace and tolerance.
  • To remind people of Gandhi’s message of satyagraha, truth, and non-violent resistance as tools for social and political change.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Day of Non-Violence:
  • Established by the UNGA in 2007, this day marks Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday and is dedicated to non-violence and peace-building.
• Satyagraha:
  • A philosophy and strategy of non-violent resistance, coined by Mahatma Gandhi, combining ‘Satya’ (truth) and ‘Agraha’ (insistence).
• Ahimsa Lecture Series:
  • A platform initiated by UNESCO MGIEP to highlight Gandhi’s teachings in modern global discourse. The 5th Ahimsa Lecture in 2022 used hologram technology to convey Gandhian ideals in education.
• Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM):
  • A nationwide cleanliness campaign launched on Gandhi Jayanti 2014, aiming to realize Gandhi’s vision of clean India.
• SVAMITVA Scheme:
  • A government initiative promoting village-level self-governance and land ownership mapping, reflecting Gandhi’s emphasis on self-reliant villages.
• Khadi and Village Industries:
  • Represent Gandhi’s Swadeshi movement through local employment and self-sufficiency in rural India.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs October 02

2. Who was the renowned classical vocalist of the Banaras Gharana recently mourned by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
A) Ustad Rashid Khan
B) Pandit Bhimsen Joshi
C) Pandit Chhannulal Mishra
D) Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
E) Pandit Jasraj
Answer: C) Pandit Chhannulal Mishra

Event and Location:

• Event: Demise of Pandit Chhannulal Mishra Ji, noted classical vocalist
• Location: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressed condolences over the demise of Pandit Chhannulal Mishra Ji, a veteran of the Banaras Gharana and Padma Vibhushan awardee.
• Objectives: To honour his lifelong dedication to Indian classical music, preservation of Kashi’s musical traditions, and contribution to cultural heritage.

Important Terms Explained:

• Banaras Gharana: A major school of Hindustani classical music originating from Varanasi, known for its rich vocal traditions including khayal, thumri, and dadra.
• Padma Vibhushan: The second-highest civilian award in India, awarded for exceptional and distinguished service in any field. It was conferred on Pandit Chhannulal Mishra in 2020.
• Proposer in Lok Sabha Elections: In Indian elections, a proposer is a registered voter from a candidate’s constituency who officially supports the candidate’s nomination. Pandit Ji acted as a proposer for PM Modi in 2014 from Varanasi.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs October 02

3. Who has reclaimed the title of India’s richest person as per the M3M Hurun India Rich List 2025?
A) Gautam Adani
B) Cyrus Poonawalla
C) Mukesh Ambani
D) Kumar Mangalam Birla
E) Niraj Bajaj
Answer: C) Mukesh Ambani

Event and Location:

• Event: Mukesh Ambani becomes India’s richest person in 2025
• Location: India (as per M3M Hurun India Rich List)
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: According to the M3M Hurun India Rich List 2025, Mukesh Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Industries, has overtaken Gautam Adani to become the richest Indian, with a wealth of ₹9.55 lakh crore despite a 6% decline.
• Objectives: To rank India’s wealthiest individuals, track their year-on-year wealth movement, and highlight economic contributions and wealth creation trends across sectors and regions.

Important Terms Explained:

• M3M Hurun India Rich List: An annual ranking of India’s richest individuals, compiled by Hurun India in association with M3M, based on publicly available data and private estimates of wealth.
• Shortseller Hindenburg Report: A 2023 report by US-based shortseller Hindenburg Research alleging financial irregularities in the Adani Group, which led to a temporary plunge in its stock prices.
• Perplexity: An AI-powered search engine founded by Aravind Srinivas, now valued high enough to bring him into India’s billionaire club.

Tabular Summary:

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4. Who recently became the world’s first person to reach a net worth of more than $500 billion?
A) Jeff Bezos
B) Larry Ellison
C) Mark Zuckerberg
D) Elon Musk
E) Bernard Arnault
Answer: D) Elon Musk

Event and Location:

• Event: Elon Musk becomes the world’s first half-trillionaire
• Location: New York, USA (based on Forbes Billionaires Index)
• Date: 2 October 2025 (reported 11 hours ago)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, SpaceX, xAI, and owner of X (formerly Twitter), has become the first individual ever to reach a net worth of over $500 billion, driven by the surge in valuations of his key companies.
• Objectives: To highlight the historic financial milestone achieved by Musk, driven by his stake in Tesla, along with growth in SpaceX, xAI, and AI-robotics ventures, solidifying his lead as the richest person in the world.

Important Terms Explained:

• Half-Trillionaire: A term used to describe a person whose net worth exceeds $500 billion — a milestone never before reached by any individual.
• xAI: Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence startup, launched in 2023, focused on building AGI (Artificial General Intelligence) and alternative AI models.
• DOGE (Department of Government Efficiency): A controversial initiative aligned with US government spending cuts, where Musk briefly played an advisory role, drawing political criticism.
• Pay Package Milestone: Musk’s potential $1 trillion compensation plan at Tesla, dependent on performance goals such as AI robot sales, EV targets, and company valuation growth.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs October 02

5. Which public sector bank recently waived Minimum Average Balance (MAB) charges on its savings accounts?
A) Canara Bank
B) Indian Bank
C) Bank of Baroda
D) Indian Overseas Bank
E) Punjab National Bank
Answer: D) Indian Overseas Bank

Event and Location:

• Event: Waiver of minimum balance charges on savings accounts
• Location: Chennai, India (Headquarters of IOB)
• Date: 1 October 2025 (Announced on 2 October 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) has waived penal charges for non-maintenance of Minimum Average Balance (MAB) on public savings accounts, effective immediately.
• Objectives: To promote customer convenience, drive financial inclusion, and reduce banking costs for individuals, especially senior citizens, pensioners, salaried and low-income groups.

Important Terms Explained:

• Minimum Average Balance (MAB): The average amount a customer is required to maintain in a savings account over a month or quarter; failure to do so usually attracts penal charges.
• Savings Account: A basic banking deposit account that allows customers to safely store money while earning nominal interest; widely used by individuals.
• Financial Inclusion: The effort to ensure access to affordable financial services—especially banking—for all segments of society, including the underprivileged.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs October 02

6. What is the revised GST rate applicable to most handicrafts and MSME products in Uttar Pradesh as per October 2025 reforms?
A) 18%
B) 5%
C) 8%
D) 12%
E) 28%
Answer: B) 5%

Event and Location:

• Event: GST rate cut for key artisan and industrial clusters in Uttar Pradesh
• Location: Uttar Pradesh, India
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Government of India reduced GST rates from 12% to 5% on a wide range of products including handicrafts, ceramics, footwear, traditional toys, leather goods, and cement, impacting several ODOP and GI-tagged clusters across Uttar Pradesh.
• Objectives: To boost affordability for consumers, enhance export competitiveness, support artisan livelihoods, promote MSME profitability, and align local production with the national goals of Atmanirbhar Bharat and Viksit Bharat 2047.

Important Terms Explained:

• ODOP (One District One Product): A flagship initiative promoting unique regional products from each district to generate employment, enhance exports, and preserve traditional skills.
• GI Tag (Geographical Indication): A legal certification recognizing products as originating from a specific location with unique qualities, often used to protect traditional knowledge and enhance marketability.
• MSME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises): A vital sector of India’s economy comprising small-scale industries that generate mass employment and contribute significantly to exports.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Which Indian company recently completed the voluntary liquidation of its UAE-based marine subsidiary?
A) ITC Ltd
B) Parle Agro
C) IFB Agro
D) Amul
E) Dabur India
Answer: C) IFB Agro

Event and Location:

• Event: Exit of IFB Agro from UAE operations through voluntary liquidation
• Location: Kolkata, India / Dubai, UAE
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: IFB Agro Industries Ltd has voluntarily liquidated its wholly owned subsidiary IFB Agro Marine (FZE) and its representative office in Dubai, marking a complete exit from its UAE business operations.
• Objectives: To eliminate uneconomical international operations, reduce financial drag on overall performance, and align with the company’s strategic review of global ventures.

Important Terms Explained:

• Voluntary Liquidation: A process in which a company’s shareholders decide to close the business because it is no longer viable or aligned with strategic goals, even if the company is solvent.
• Free Zone Entity (FZE): A company established in a designated free trade zone, such as Sharjah Airport International Free Zone, offering tax benefits and ease of doing business for foreign companies.
• Representative Office: A non-commercial setup abroad that supports a company’s marketing and liaison activities, but doesn’t engage in actual trading or revenue-generating operations.

Tabular Summary:

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8. Which organization has extended a $75 million loan to ECOM to support small coffee growers in Asia, including India?
A) World Bank
B) IMF
C) Japan International Cooperation Agency
D) UNDP
E) NITI Aayog
Answer: C) Japan International Cooperation Agency

Event and Location:

• Event: JICA extended a $75 million loan to ECOM to support smallholder coffee growers
• Location: Asia-Pacific region (India, Indonesia, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea)
• Dbate: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) signed a $75 million loan agreement with ECOM Agroindustrial Corp Ltd and its affiliate ECOM Agroindustrial Asia Pte Ltd, co-financed by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
• Objectives: To support over 60,000 small-scale coffee farmers in Asia by enabling working capital for procurement, offering climate resilience consulting, certification support, and gender-inclusive farming support, especially for female farmers in the coffee value chain.

Important Terms Explained:

• JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency): A Japanese governmental agency responsible for delivering official development assistance (ODA) for the economic and social growth of developing countries.
• Working Capital Loan: A short-term loan provided to finance daily operations such as purchasing raw materials, in this case, coffee beans from smallholders.
• ECOM Agroindustrial Corp Ltd (ECOM): A global agri-commodity merchant and processor, focused on coffee, cotton, and cocoa, operating a large network of farmers and supply chains across developing countries.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which company led electric two-wheeler registrations in September 2025 according to Vahan data?
A) Ola Electric
B) Ather Energy
C) Bajaj Auto
D) TVS Motor
E) Hero MotoCorp
Answer: D) TVS Motor

Event and Location:

• Event: Electric two-wheeler registrations rose 2% month-on-month
• Location: India (nationwide Vahan data)
• Date: 1 October 2025 (Data as of September 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Electric two-wheeler (e-2W) registrations in India increased by 2% in September 2025 to 92,536 units, despite a temporary sales slowdown due to the transition to GST 2.0.
• Objectives: To track monthly performance of the e-2W market, assess manufacturer-wise growth trends, and evaluate the impact of GST and affordability measures on consumer demand.

Important Terms Explained:

• Electric Two-Wheeler (e-2W): A battery-powered two-wheeled vehicle, offering low running costs and reduced emissions, classified separately under India’s transport and taxation policies.
• Vahan Portal: An official national vehicle registration database maintained by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, used to track and report real-time vehicle registration data.
• GST 2.0 Transition: A new phase of Goods and Services Tax (GST) implementation, affecting compliance and pricing across automotive segments during the month.

Tabular Summary:

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10. What was the main reason behind the rise in diesel and petrol consumption in India during September 2025?
A) Fall in global crude oil prices
B) Increase in international travel
C) Festival season stocking and GST rationalisation
D) Fuel subsidy announcement
E) Recovery in aviation traffic
Answer: C) Festival season stocking and GST rationalisation

Event and Location:

• Event: Rise in diesel and petrol consumption due to festive demand and GST rate rationalisation
• Location: India (nationwide)
• Date: September 2025 (data reported on 2 October 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC) reported a 6.4% y-o-y increase in diesel and 7.5% y-o-y rise in petrol consumption in September 2025, despite heavy monsoon rains.
• Objectives: To highlight the impact of festival-related demand, GST rate rationalisation, and advance stockpiling on auto fuel consumption trends, following a seasonal monsoon slowdown.

Important Terms Explained:

• PPAC (Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell): A technical wing under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, responsible for monitoring and analyzing petroleum product data and market trends in India.
• GST Rationalisation: The process of adjusting tax rates to improve affordability and encourage consumption. In this context, lower GST rates led to higher pre-festival fuel stocking and demand growth.
• Petroleum Oil & Lubricants (POL): A term used in the energy industry for refined petroleum products, including petrol, diesel, ATF, and lubricants, essential for transportation and manufacturing.

Tabular Summary:

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11. Why did the Asian Development Bank (ADB) lower India’s FY26 GDP growth forecast to 6.5%?
A) High inflation and weak monsoon
B) Slowdown in domestic consumption
C) Impact of new U.S. tariffs on Indian exports
D) Fall in agricultural output
E) Weakness in the real estate sector
Answer: C) Impact of new U.S. tariffs on Indian exports

Event and Location:

• Event: ADB cuts India’s GDP growth forecast for FY26
• Location: India (based on ADB’s Asian Development Outlook report)
• Date: 1 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) revised India’s FY26 GDP growth forecast down to 6.5% (from 6.7%) and FY27 to 6.5% (from 6.8%) due to the impact of elevated U.S. tariffs on key Indian exports.
• Objectives: To reflect global trade headwinds, particularly U.S. protectionist measures, and their impact on India’s export-driven sectors, while acknowledging resilient domestic demand and services sector strength.

Important Terms Explained:

• Asian Development Bank (ADB): A regional development bank headquartered in Manila, Philippines, that provides loans, technical assistance, and economic analysis to promote growth in Asia-Pacific.
• FY26: India’s financial year 2025–26, running from 1 April 2025 to 31 March 2026.
  U.S. Tariffs on Indian Exports: In August 2025, the U.S. imposed 50% tariffs on Indian textiles, jewellery, leather, and chemicals, and 100% tariffs on patented pharmaceuticals unless produced in the U.S., affecting up to $48 billion in exports.
• Current Account Deficit (CAD): The difference between a nation’s imports and exports of goods, services, and transfers. A widening CAD indicates rising reliance on foreign capital.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs October 02

12. Who was honoured with the Academic Excellence Award 2025 by the Institution of Engineers (India)?
A) Dr. G. Viswanathan
B) Dr. C.N.R. Rao
C) Sekar Viswanathan
D) Dr. Kasturirangan
E) Anil Sahasrabudhe
Answer: C) Sekar Viswanathan

Event and Location:

• Event: Academic Excellence Award 2025 presented to VIT Vice-President
• Location: Ranipet, Tamil Nadu
• Date: October 1, 2025 (Award presented during 58th Engineers Day celebrations)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Institution of Engineers (India) presented the Academic Excellence Award 2025 to Sekar Viswanathan, Vice-President of Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT).
• Objectives:
  • To recognise outstanding contributions towards enhancing quality of higher education, fostering academic excellence, and promoting engineering education in India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Institution of Engineers (India):
  • A professional body for engineers in India, established in 1920, which promotes and advances engineering and technology. It hosts seminars, awards, and events to recognize excellence in engineering fields.
• Engineers Day:
  • Celebrated annually on September 15 in India to honour Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya, a pioneer engineer and Bharat Ratna awardee. The 58th celebration in 2025 marked continued recognition of achievements in engineering.
• Academic Excellence Award:
  • An award conferred by the Institution of Engineers (India) to individuals who demonstrate exceptional leadership, vision, and impact in academic and engineering education.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs October 02

13. Which two institutions have partnered to launch a Centre for Bio-entrepreneurship in Neurosciences and Mental Health in Bengaluru?
A) AIIMS and ICMR
B) C-CAMP and NIMHANS
C) IISc and DRDO
D) NCBS and NIMHANS
E) ICMR and C-CAMP
Answer: B) C-CAMP and NIMHANS

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Centre for Bio-entrepreneurship in Neurosciences and Mental Health
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Date: 30 September 2025 (MoU signed)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • C-CAMP and NIMHANS signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to establish a dedicated centre for promoting bio-entrepreneurship in neurosciences and mental health, focusing on innovation and startup incubation.
• Objectives:
  • To support science-led startups developing technological solutions for brain health and mental disorders, strengthen links between clinical research and public health needs, and provide funding, mentorship, regulatory support, and global collaboration opportunities for entrepreneurs.

Important Terms Explained:

• C-CAMP (Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms):
  • An initiative supported by the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, C-CAMP is a leading bio-innovation hub in India that offers startup incubation, mentorship, and R&D platforms in life sciences.
• NIMHANS (National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences):
  • An Institute of National Importance under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, NIMHANS is the country’s premier centre for mental health and neuroscience education, research, and clinical care.
• Bio-entrepreneurship in Neuroscience:
  • A niche and emerging field focusing on startups and businesses that innovate healthcare solutions for neurological disorders and mental illnesses, blending deep science, technology, and entrepreneurship.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs October 02

14. What is the purpose of INS Sutlej’s recent visit to Port Louis, Mauritius in September 2025?
A) To conduct anti-piracy operations
B) To provide disaster relief after a cyclone
C) To carry out the 18th Joint Hydrographic Survey
D) To participate in a naval combat exercise
E) To deliver humanitarian aid
Answer: C) To carry out the 18th Joint Hydrographic Survey

Event and Location:

• Event: 18th Joint Hydrographic Survey mission by INS Sutlej
• Location: Port Louis, Mauritius
• Date: 29 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: INS Sutlej has been deployed by the Indian Navy to Mauritius for conducting the 18th Joint Hydrographic Survey, covering approximately 35,000 square nautical miles.
• Objectives: To enhance navigational safety, support sustainable ocean resource management, and strengthen bilateral maritime cooperation and capacity building under the existing MoU on Hydrography.

Important Terms Explained:

• INS Sutlej: A hydrographic survey vessel of the Indian Navy, equipped for charting ocean areas, ensuring navigational safety, and aiding maritime infrastructure planning.
• Hydrographic Survey: The scientific measurement and description of features which affect maritime navigation, marine construction, and oceanographic research including seabed mapping.
• Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Hydrography: A bilateral agreement between India and Mauritius that enables regular collaboration and joint hydrographic survey missions for regional maritime safety and capacity development.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Which helicopter model will be assembled at India’s first private-sector helicopter Final Assembly Line launched by Tata Group and Airbus?
A) HAL Dhruv
B) Airbus H125
C) Apache AH-64E
D) Boeing CH-47 Chinook
E) C295 Transport
Answer: B) Airbus H125

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of India’s first private helicopter assembly line for Airbus H125
• Location: Vemagal, Karnataka
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Tata Group, in partnership with Airbus, will set up India’s first private-sector helicopter Final Assembly Line (FAL) to manufacture the Airbus H125 at Vemagal, Karnataka. Deliveries are expected from 2027.
• Objectives: To boost India’s aerospace manufacturing ecosystem, reduce dependence on imports, support civil and defence aviation, and position India as a helicopter hub for South Asia.

Important Terms Explained:

• Final Assembly Line (FAL): A dedicated facility where major components of aircraft or helicopters are brought together, assembled, tested, and prepared for delivery.
• H125 Helicopter: A high-performance, single-engine helicopter from Airbus’ Écureuil family, known for versatility, high-altitude performance, and roles in civil, military, and emergency operations.
• Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL): A Tata Group aerospace and defence arm responsible for assembling, integrating, and testing the H125 helicopter in this project.
• C295 Aircraft: A transport military aircraft also being built in India under a previous Airbus-Tata collaboration at Vadodara, Gujarat.

Tabular Summary:

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16. What was the primary focus of the Indian Army’s Exercise Drone Kavach conducted in Arunachal Pradesh?
A) Counter-insurgency in jungle warfare
B) High-altitude troop movement
C) Drone and anti-drone warfare preparedness
D) Naval amphibious landing drills
E) Cyberwarfare simulation
Answer: C) Drone and anti-drone warfare preparedness

Event and Location:

• Event: Indian Army conducts Exercise Drone Kavach for drone warfare readiness
• Location: Forward areas of Eastern Arunachal Pradesh
• Date: 25–28 September 2025 (Reported on 30 September 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Indian Army’s Spear Corps, under Eastern Command, conducted Exercise Drone Kavach in coordination with ITBP to test combat readiness and counter-drone capabilities in a technologically advanced battlefield environment.
• Objectives: To validate tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) for target acquisition, active/passive counter-drone measures, and neutralisation of hostile drones under simulated multi-domain warfare conditions.

Important Terms Explained:

• Exercise Drone Kavach: A tactical military exercise aimed at preparing Indian forces for drone and counter-drone operations, reflecting the modern battlefield’s reliance on unmanned aerial systems (UAS).
• Spear Corps: A strike formation of the Indian Army’s Eastern Command, responsible for high-altitude operations in the North-Eastern front, including Arunachal Pradesh.
• Counter-Drone Systems: Technologies and tactics designed to detect, track, jam, or destroy enemy drones, crucial for safeguarding installations and forces in sensitive border zones.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 02

17. Which two countries signed a $4.9 billion currency swap agreement in October 2025 to boost local currency liquidity and bilateral trade?
A) UAE and Saudi Arabia
B) Turkey and Qatar
C) UAE and Turkey
D) Turkey and Russia
E) UAE and Egypt
Answer: C) UAE and Turkey

Event and Location:

• Event: UAE and Turkey signed a $4.9 billion currency swap agreement
• Location: Dubai/Ankara
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The central banks of the United Arab Emirates and Turkey signed a bilateral currency swap agreement of 18 billion UAE dirham and 198 billion Turkish lira, along with two MoUs for financial collaboration.
• Objectives: To enhance local currency liquidity, facilitate efficient settlement of commercial and financial transactions, promote local currency usage in cross-border trade, and improve connectivity between payment systems of the two countries.

Important Terms Explained:

• Currency Swap Agreement: A bilateral financial agreement where two central banks exchange specific amounts of different currencies, enabling both to access foreign currency liquidity and reduce reliance on dominant reserve currencies like the US Dollar.
• Local Currency Liquidity: The availability of domestic currency in financial markets to meet short-term obligations, ensuring smoother trade and financial operations.
• Memorandum of Understanding (MoU): A formal but non-binding agreement that outlines intentions for cooperation between parties, often used to strengthen diplomatic or economic collaboration before legally binding agreements.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs October 02

18. What was the occasion for laying the foundation stone of ‘Namo Van’ at Manesar in October 2025?
A) International Day of Forests
B) World Environment Day
C) Wildlife Week 2025
D) Earth Day Celebrations
E) Global Biodiversity Day
Answer: C) Wildlife Week 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Foundation stone of ‘Namo Van’ laid during Wildlife Week celebrations
• Location: Manesar, Haryana
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Union Environment Minister Shri Bhupender Yadav laid the foundation stone of ‘Namo Van’ in Manesar and launched a plantation drive under ‘Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam’ campaign as part of Wildlife Week 2025 celebrations.
• Objectives: To promote wildlife conservation, raise public awareness about ecological balance, and inspire community participation in environmental protection under the theme of Sewa Parv.

Important Terms Explained:

• Namo Van: A proposed forested area or eco-park initiative launched during Wildlife Week 2025 in Manesar, aimed at encouraging afforestation, community engagement, and environmental awareness.
• Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam: A national-level tree plantation campaign encouraging individuals to plant and dedicate a tree in honor of their mother, reinforcing emotional and environmental responsibility.
• Wildlife Week: Celebrated annually in India from October 2 to 8, it aims to create mass awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation, biodiversity, and ecosystem protection.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Under the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS), how much investment has the Centre received in proposals as of September 30, 2025?
A) ₹59,350 crore
B) ₹91,600 crore
C) ₹1.15 lakh crore
D) ₹4.56 lakh crore
E) ₹1.41 lakh crore
Answer: C) ₹1.15 lakh crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Investment proposals worth ₹1.15 lakh crore received under ECMS
• Location: India (Nationwide)
• Date: 2 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme (ECMS) received 249 applications with investment proposals totalling ₹1.15 lakh crore, exceeding the original target of ₹59,350 crore.
• Objectives: To promote domestic manufacturing of electronics components and sub-assemblies, attract large-scale investments, create employment, and enhance India’s global electronics competitiveness through design-led innovation and MSME participation.

Important Terms Explained:

• ECMS (Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme): A government-approved scheme launched in March 2025 to encourage manufacturing of critical electronic components in India by providing incentives and support to investors.
• Capital Equipment: Machines and tools used in electronics manufacturing, such as SMT (Surface Mount Technology) machines, PCB fabrication units, and assembly line systems. The scheme targets indigenisation of capital equipment to strengthen the ecosystem.
• MSME (Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises): A vital segment of the Indian economy contributing to employment generation, exports, and manufacturing. ECMS saw 60% participation from MSMEs, boosting inclusive industrial growth.

Tabular Summary:

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20. What is the financial outlay of the “Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses” approved by the Union Cabinet for 2025–31?
A) ₹9,850 crore
B) ₹10,500 crore
C) ₹11,440 crore
D) ₹12,000 crore
E) ₹13,200 crore
Answer: C) ₹11,440 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Union Cabinet approval for Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: 1 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved a ₹11,440 crore central scheme titled “Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses” to be implemented from 2025–26 to 2030–31.
• Objectives: To make India self-sufficient in pulses production, especially focusing on tur, urad, and masur, through increased cultivation, assured procurement by government agencies, and strategic intervention.

Important Terms Explained:

• Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses: A centrally funded agricultural initiative launched to boost domestic pulse production, reduce import dependency, and ensure price stability and farmer income growth.
• Tur, Urad, and Masur: These are major pulses consumed in India. Tur (pigeon pea), urad (black gram), and masur (red lentil) form staple proteins in Indian diets and are often imported to meet domestic demand.
• Assured Procurement: A policy mechanism where the government guarantees to purchase produce from farmers at a fixed price, thus providing income security and price assurance.

Tabular Summary:

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21. Which district has been declared as India’s first child marriage-free district under the ‘Child Marriage-Free India’ campaign?
A) Surajpur
B) Dantewada
C) Balod
D) Raipur
E) Durg
Answer: C) Balod

Event and Location:

• Event: Balod becomes India’s first officially declared child marriage-free district
• Location: Balod, Chhattisgarh
• Date: Announcement made on 1 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Chhattisgarh government, under the ‘Child Marriage-Free India’ campaign launched in August 2024, formally certified Balod district as the first child marriage-free district in India after two years of zero reported cases and successful community validation.
• Objectives:
  • To eliminate the practice of child marriage through awareness, legal enforcement, and community mobilisation, aiming to make entire Chhattisgarh child marriage-free by 2028-29, and set a model for social reform nationwide.

Important Terms Explained:

• Child Marriage-Free India Campaign:
  • Launched on 27 August 2024 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, this national campaign aims to eradicate child marriage through public engagement, policy enforcement, and community-led monitoring.
• UNICEF:
  • United Nations Children’s Fund, a UN agency that provides technical support, awareness programmes, and monitoring mechanisms to protect child rights, including elimination of harmful practices like child marriage.
• Anganwadi Workers:
  • Frontline health and nutrition workers in India under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme, who play a key role in monitoring and reporting early marriages, especially in rural areas.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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