Daily Current Affairs September 25

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September 25 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs September 25

1. What is the theme of World Pharmacists Day 2025?
A) Pharmacy United in Action for a Healthier World
B) Pharmacists: Meeting Global Health Needs
C) Pharmacy: Always Trusted for Your Health
D) Think Health, Think Pharmacist
E) Transforming Global Health
Answer: D) Think Health, Think Pharmacist

Event and Location:

• Event: World Pharmacists Day 2025 observed globally
• Location: International observance; led by FIP (headquartered in the Netherlands)
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • World Pharmacists Day 2025 was celebrated worldwide to honour the contributions of pharmacists in advancing public health, medication safety, and health education.
• Objectives:
  • To raise awareness about the critical role of pharmacists as essential healthcare providers, promote safe and effective use of medicines, advocate for greater policy integration, and acknowledge their role in emergency response, vaccination, and digital health initiatives.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Pharmacists Day:
  • An annual global event organized by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) since 2009 to promote the role of pharmacists in improving health worldwide. It is held every year on September 25, the day FIP was founded in 1912.
• International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP):
  • A global organization representing pharmacy, pharmaceutical sciences, and pharmaceutical education.
    • Founded: 25 September 1912
    • Headquarters: The Netherlands
    • Membership: 144 national organizations
    • Mission: To improve global health by advancing pharmacy education, practice, and science.
• Pharmacovigilance:
  • The practice of monitoring the effects of medical drugs after they have been licensed, particularly to identify and assess previously unreported adverse reactions.
• Antibiotic Stewardship:
  • A coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antibiotics, improves patient outcomes, and reduces antibiotic resistance.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs September 25

2. What is the key requirement in RBI’s new digital payment guidelines effective from April 1, 2026?
A) Ban on all card-not-present transactions
B) Mandatory use of biometric authentication only
C) Minimum two-factor authentication for all digital payments
D) Exclusive use of UPI for cross-border payments
E) Removal of OTP from all online payments
Answer: C) Minimum two-factor authentication for all digital payments

Event and Location:

• Event: RBI issues enhanced authentication guidelines for digital payments
• Location: Pan-India (applicable nationwide)
• Date: Announced in September 2025; effective from April 1, 2026

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released new guidelines for digital payment authentication, requiring two-factor authentication (2FA) for all digital transactions except card-present ones. Card issuers are also required to adopt risk-based controls for cross-border card-not-present (CNP) transactions by October 1, 2026.
• Objectives:
  • Strengthen the security framework of India’s growing digital payments ecosystem
  • Reduce the risk of fraud in card-not-present and online transactions
  • Ensure interoperability and risk-based monitoring by payment issuers
  • Provide flexibility in choosing authentication factors while maintaining minimum security standards

Important Terms Explained:

• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA):
  • A security process requiring users to provide two different forms of verification before completing a digital transaction. Typically includes a combination of something you know (password/OTP), something you have (mobile device/token), or something you are (biometrics).
• Card-Not-Present (CNP) Transactions:
  • Transactions where the cardholder does not physically present the card (e.g., online or phone purchases). CNP transactions are more vulnerable to fraud, hence require stricter controls.
• Risk-Based Authentication:
  • A dynamic authentication method that evaluates the risk level of a transaction (like location, device, behavior pattern) and triggers additional verification steps when necessary.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs September 25

3. According to the DPIIT report for FY 2023–24, what is India’s estimated logistics cost as a percentage of GDP?
A) 13.5%
B) 9.09%
C) 7.97%
D) 11.03%
E) 6.5%
Answer: C) 7.97%

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of logistics cost estimation report for FY24
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) released a detailed report estimating India’s logistics cost at 7.97% of GDP in FY 2023–24, amounting to ₹24.01 lakh crore. The report includes mode-wise freight cost analysis and highlights the role of multi-modality in improving efficiency.
• Objectives:
  • To present a comprehensive framework for logistics cost estimation, correct earlier misrepresented figures (13–14% of GDP), and provide policymakers with accurate data to evaluate the impact of initiatives like PM Gati Shakti, ULIP, Sagarmala, and Bharatmala.

Important Terms Explained:

• DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade):
  • A department under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry responsible for formulating and implementing promotional and developmental measures for the growth of the industrial sector.
• PM Gati Shakti – National Master Plan:
  • A government initiative launched in 2021 to integrate infrastructure planning across ministries to enhance logistics efficiency and reduce costs.
• Unified Logistics Interface Platform (ULIP):
  • A digital platform designed to connect logistics stakeholders, allowing real-time data exchange to enhance transparency and reduce logistical inefficiencies.
• Bharatmala Pariyojana:
  • A centrally-sponsored road development program aimed at improving road connectivity for economic corridors, border and coastal areas.
• Sagarmala Project:
  • An initiative to modernize India’s port infrastructure and promote port-led development to reduce logistical costs and improve EXIM trade.
• LEAP (Logistics Efficiency Enhancement Programme):
  • A strategy to improve freight movement and reduce logistics costs through regulatory reform and infrastructure development.
• NCAER (National Council of Applied Economic Research):
  • A premier economic policy research institution in India that collaborated with DPIIT for this report.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs September 25

4. Who was recently appointed as the head coach of the Mumbai Indians women’s team?
A) Charlotte Edwards
B) Anjum Chopra
C) Lisa Keightley
D) Mithali Raj
E) Jhulan Goswami
Answer: C) Lisa Keightley

Event and Location:

• Event: Appointment of Lisa Keightley as MI Women’s head coach
• Location: Mumbai, India
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Former Australian cricketer Lisa Keightley was appointed as the head coach of the Mumbai Indians women’s team.
• Objectives: To leverage her international coaching experience to continue MI Women’s dominance in the Women’s Premier League (WPL) and further develop the team’s performance and strategy.

Important Terms Explained:

• Lisa Keightley: A former Australian cricketer and two-time Women’s World Cup winner (1997, 2005), Keightley has coached teams in Australia, England, and various T20 leagues, becoming a prominent figure in women’s cricket coaching.
• Women’s Premier League (WPL): India’s premier T20 cricket league for women, launched in 2023, modelled after the IPL, aimed at professionalizing women’s cricket.
• Mumbai Indians (MI): One of the most successful franchise teams in Indian cricket, operating in both the IPL and WPL, known for strategic leadership and talent development.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs September 25

5. The Ministry of Defence recently signed a ₹62,370 crore contract with HAL for the procurement of which aircraft for the Indian Air Force?
A) Sukhoi Su-30MKI
B) Rafale
C) LCA Mk1A
D) MiG-29
E) Tejas Mk2
Answer: C) LCA Mk1A

Event and Location:

• Event: ₹62,370 crore contract signed for procurement of 97 LCA Mk1A aircraft
• Location: India
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Ministry of Defence signed a contract with Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) to procure 97 Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Mk1A, including 68 fighter and 29 trainer variants.
• Objectives: To strengthen the Indian Air Force’s fleet with indigenous aircraft, promote domestic aerospace manufacturing, and support India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat initiative.

Important Terms Explained:

• LCA Mk1A: The most advanced variant of India’s indigenous Light Combat Aircraft, featuring upgraded radar, self-protection systems, and higher indigenous content.
• Buy (India-IDDM): A category under the Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020 which mandates procurement of equipment designed, developed, and manufactured in India.
• UTTAM AESA Radar: An indigenous Active Electronically Scanned Array radar developed by DRDO, enhancing the aircraft’s tracking and targeting capabilities.
• Swayam Raksha Kavach: A self-protection system integrated into LCA Mk1A to improve survivability during combat missions.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 25

6. What was the key focus of the India-Russia bilateral discussion held on September 25, 2025, between PM Modi and Deputy PM Dmitry Patrushev?
A) Space technology transfer
B) Military exports
C) BRICS grain and agriculture trade exchange
D) Civil nuclear energy partnership
E) Oil and gas pipeline
Answer: C) BRICS grain and agriculture trade exchange

Event and Location:

• Event: India-Russia bilateral meeting to discuss BRICS grain exchange and agricultural cooperation
• Location: New Delhi, India
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Prime Minister Narendra Modi met Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Patrushev on the sidelines of World Food India 2025, discussing proposals for a BRICS grain exchange and enhancing cooperation in agriculture, fertilizers, and food processing.
• Objectives:
  • To promote agriculture trade among BRICS nations, improve food security through structured exchanges, and strengthen bilateral relations in agricultural technology, fertilizer production, and food processing innovation.

Important Terms Explained:

• BRICS:
  • An international grouping of five major emerging economies — Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa — aimed at promoting peace, development, and multilateral cooperation.
• BRICS Grain Exchange:
  • A proposed platform under discussion among BRICS nations to facilitate structured trade of agricultural commodities like grain, ensuring food security and trade balance among member countries.
• World Food India 2025:
  • A major agri-business and food processing event hosted by the Government of India to showcase investment opportunities and foster international collaboration in the food and agri sector.
• India-Russia Annual Summit:
  • An annual high-level diplomatic engagement between India and Russia to discuss and deepen strategic, economic, and defense cooperation. The 23rd edition is scheduled to take place in 2025.

Tabular Summary:

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7. What is the name of the Indian defence manufacturing facility inaugurated in Morocco during Rajnath Singh’s visit?
A) Bharat Dynamics Maroc
B) Tata Defence Systems International
C) Tata Advanced Systems Maroc
D) DRDO Africa
E) HAL-Morocco Engineering Hub
Answer: C) Tata Advanced Systems Maroc

Event and Location:

• Event: Rajnath Singh’s official visit to Morocco and inauguration of India’s first defence manufacturing unit in Africa
• Location: Rabat and Berrechid, Morocco
• Date: 24–25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Defence Minister Rajnath Singh met Morocco’s Minister of Trade Ryad Mezzour in Rabat to deepen cooperation in defence, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. He also inaugurated the Tata Advanced Systems Maroc facility to produce the Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) 8×8, marking India’s first defence manufacturing presence in Africa.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance industrial and strategic cooperation between India and Morocco, promote defence exports under Aatmanirbhar Bharat, and strengthen India’s footprint in Africa’s defence manufacturing sector.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tata Advanced Systems Maroc:
  • A subsidiary of Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL), inaugurated in Berrechid, Morocco, to produce the Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) 8×8. It is the first Indian defence manufacturing unit in Africa, supporting India’s goal of expanding global defence exports.
• Wheeled Armoured Platform (WhAP) 8×8:
  • An Indian-made infantry combat vehicle, developed by DRDO and TASL. Designed for troop mobility, protection, and deployment in hostile environments.
• Aatmanirbhar Bharat:
  • A self-reliance initiative launched by the Indian government to boost domestic manufacturing across sectors, including defence, with a focus on increasing exports and reducing imports.
• Berrechid, Morocco:
  • An industrial town near Casablanca, selected as the location for India’s first overseas defence production facility in Africa.

Tabular Summary:

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Schemes – Daily Current Affairs September 25

8. Which campaign initiative under Swachhata Hi Seva 2025 mobilized over 5 crore citizens for one hour of voluntary cleanliness activity?
A) Ek Bharat Swachh Bharat
B) Swachhata Abhiyan Express
C) Ek Din Ek Ghanta Ek Saath
D) Jal Shakti Seva Mission
E) Swachh Sarvekshan Sanyukt
Answer: C) Ek Din Ek Ghanta Ek Saath

Event and Location:

• Event: Nationwide observance of Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS) 2025 campaign and mass participation in cleanliness drives
• Location: Nationwide (India)
• Date: 17 September – 2 October 2025 (Key event on 25 September 2025)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Nationwide activities such as cleanliness drives, Shramdaan, awareness campaigns, school-level competitions, rallies, plantation under Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam, and community mobilization were carried out under Swachhata Hi Seva 2025.
    Ministries, PSUs like NCL, schools, local bodies, and common citizens participated in initiatives including Ek Din Ek Ghanta Ek Saath, Swachhata Pathshala, and creative contests.
• Objectives:
  • To promote awareness and behavioral change around cleanliness, hygiene, and sustainability; to foster jan andolan (people’s movement) for sanitation; to encourage voluntary public participation; and to strengthen the Swachh Bharat Mission through consistent citizen engagement.

Important Terms Explained:

• Swachhata Hi Seva (SHS):
  • An annual campaign observed from 17 September to 2 October to promote cleanliness through public participation and awareness, forming part of the larger Swachh Bharat Mission framework.
• Ek Din Ek Ghanta Ek Saath:
  • A mass cleanliness movement launched under SHS 2025 on the call of the Prime Minister, mobilizing over 5 crore people across India for one hour of voluntary shramdaan on 25th September 2025.
• Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam:
  • An environmental campaign promoting tree plantation in honor of mothers. Under this, NCL distributed 1,000 saplings as part of the drive to promote green and sustainable practices.
• Safai Mitra Suraksha Shivir:
  • Health and welfare initiative for sanitation workers focusing on safety, medical care, and recognition, organized in various NCL areas during SHS 2025.
• Swachhotsav:
  • The celebratory phase of SHS 2025 focused on creative, festive, and sustainable cleanliness practices involving schools, institutions, and communities.

Tabular Summary:

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9. What was the price range of meals offered under the low-cost Janata Khana counters at railway platforms?
A) ₹30–₹60
B) ₹15–₹20
C) ₹50–₹70
D) ₹10–₹12
E) ₹25–₹40
Answer: B) ₹15–₹20

Event and Location:

• Event: Disappearance of Janata Khana low-cost food counters at MGR Chennai Central station
• Location: MGR Chennai Central, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 24 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Janata Khana meal counters were launched by IRCTC in 2024 to offer hygienic, standardised, and affordable meals directly on railway platforms, especially near general coach halts. Meals were priced as low as ₹15–₹20.
• Objectives:
  • To make nutritious food easily accessible to economically weaker sections and general-class passengers without requiring them to leave their coaches or navigate the station during short halts or crowd rush.

Important Terms Explained:

• IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation):
  • A government-owned enterprise under the Ministry of Railways responsible for catering, tourism, and online ticketing services for Indian Railways.
• Janata Khana:
  • A low-cost food scheme introduced by IRCTC in 2024, offering platform-level meals like pooris, tamarind rice, and lemon rice at subsidised rates of ₹15–₹20, mainly for unreserved/general coach passengers.
• Jan Ahaar:
  • An older Indian Railways initiative that offered economical vegetarian meals through sit-down or takeaway counters located inside stations. Meals were typically priced at ₹50 or more.

Tabular Summary:

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10. What is the duration of the human-wildlife conflict mitigation campaign recently launched by the Kerala government?
A) 15 days
B) 30 days
C) 45 days
D) 60 days
E) 90 days
Answer: C) 45 days

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of 45-day action campaign to mitigate human-wildlife conflict
• Location: Kerala (hilly and forested regions)
• Date: 15 September 2025 (announced on Sunday prior to 16 Sep update)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Kerala government launched a 45-day phased action campaign focused on reducing human-wildlife conflicts in the most vulnerable areas of the state, especially hilly and forested zones prone to frequent wildlife intrusions.
• Objectives:
  • To ensure human safety, promote wildlife conservation, and implement preventive measures in conflict-prone areas by deploying forest personnel, awareness programs, and improved early warning systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• Human-Wildlife Conflict:
  • Situations where wildlife and human populations intersect in ways that result in negative outcomes such as crop destruction, property damage, injuries, or loss of life — both human and animal.
• Phased Action Plan:
  • A time-bound, stepwise implementation strategy used in administrative planning. In this case, it refers to the 45-day targeted intervention to mitigate specific issues over a defined period.
• Periyar National Park:
  • A prominent wildlife sanctuary and tiger reserve in Kerala, known for its elephant population and as a hotspot for both conservation and tourism.

Tabular Summary:

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11. What is the name of the initiative launched by Rachakonda Police to provide support and protection to senior citizens?
A) Silver Shield
B) Senior Sathi
C) Elder Welfare Mission
D) Golden Care
E) Jeevan Raksha
Answer: D) Golden Care

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Golden Care initiative for senior citizens by Rachakonda Police
• Location: Rachakonda Commissionerate, Telangana
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Rachakonda Police, in coordination with the Rachakonda Security Council (RKSC), launched Golden Care – Care for those who cared for us, an outreach and protection initiative for senior citizens.
• Objectives:
  • To provide senior citizens with care, protection, moral and emotional support, and assistance in medical, legal, financial, and cyber safety matters. It also aims to create awareness about government schemes and ensure dignity and respect for the elderly.

Important Terms Explained:

• Golden Care Initiative:
  • A senior citizen welfare programme launched by Rachakonda Police offering outreach visits, SOS emergency setup, legal help, scam protection, and awareness on government welfare schemes. It reflects a community-based policing approach focusing on elder dignity and safety.
• Section 144 BNSS (Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita):
  • A provision under India’s proposed criminal law reforms aimed at ensuring accountability for neglect or abandonment of dependents, including senior citizens.
• Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (Sections 4 and 5):
  • Legal framework that mandates children or legal heirs to maintain senior citizens and allows them to file claims for maintenance in case of neglect.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs September 25

12. What is the primary goal of the Make in India initiative which recently marked its 11th anniversary?
A) To promote agricultural subsidies
B) To boost domestic manufacturing and self-reliance
C) To increase tourism inflow
D) To privatize public sector units
E) To implement GST reforms
Answer: B) To boost domestic manufacturing and self-reliance

Event and Location:

• Event: 11th Anniversary of Make in India initiative
• Location: India
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: The Prime Minister marked 11 years of the Make in India initiative through a public message highlighting its economic contributions.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to strengthen domestic manufacturing, promote entrepreneurship, encourage innovation, support job creation, and build a foundation for Aatmanirbharta.

Important Terms Explained:

• Make in India: A flagship initiative launched in 2014 by the Government of India to encourage companies to manufacture their products in India and boost investment into the manufacturing sector.
• Aatmanirbharta: A national vision of making India self-reliant in critical sectors by reducing import dependency, boosting local production, and promoting indigenous innovation.
• MyGovIndia: A citizen engagement platform launched by the Indian government to promote participatory governance, used for official communication by ministries and the Prime Minister.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which port became the first in India to deploy a fleet of electric heavy trucks with swappable batteries in 2025?
A) Paradip Port
B) Visakhapatnam Port
C) Cochin Port
D) Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority
E) Kandla Port
Answer: D) Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority

Event and Location:

• Event: Flag-off of India’s first EV truck fleet with swappable batteries at a port
• Location: Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA), Nhava Sheva, Maharashtra
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Flagging off of India’s first electric heavy truck fleet with swappable batteries by Shri Sarbananda Sonowal at JNPA. Commissioning of a battery swapping station. Signing of an MoU between JNPA and Ashoka University’s ICPP for tariff benchmarking framework development.
• Objectives:
  • To reduce port-related emissions, promote sustainable logistics, support the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan, align with Net Zero 2070 goals, and establish JNPA as a national model for EV-based port operations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA):
  • India’s largest container port located at Nhava Sheva, Maharashtra. Plays a major role in international trade, handling nearly 50% of the country’s container cargo.
• Swappable Battery EV Trucks:
  • Heavy-duty electric trucks equipped with batteries that can be swapped quickly at a station, reducing downtime and enabling efficient EV logistics.
• Isaac Centre for Public Policy (ICPP), Ashoka University:
  • A policy think-tank that signed an MoU with JNPA to develop a tariff benchmarking framework for Indian ports based on cost and performance data.
• National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP):
  • A government initiative launched in 2013 to promote electric mobility and reduce dependency on fossil fuels through EV adoption.
• PM Gati Shakti & National Logistics Policy (NLP):
  • Integrated initiatives aimed at enhancing logistics efficiency, multi-modal connectivity, and supporting green transport infrastructure.
• Green Ports Initiative & Maritime India Vision 2030:
  • National frameworks to decarbonize port operations and modernize Indian maritime infrastructure for global competitiveness and sustainability.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Under the Frontier Region Programme launched in Kashmir, how many new Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) are planned for Jammu & Kashmir?
A) 250
B) 1000
C) 500
D) 750
E) 300
Answer: C) 500

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of ATL Sarthi and Frontier Region Programme; announcement of 500 new Atal Tinkering Labs
• Location: University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Launch of the ATL Sarthi and Frontier Region Programme under Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), NITI Aayog, in collaboration with University of Kashmir.
  • Announcement of 500 new Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs) in J&K with ₹100 crore investment.
  • Signing of ATL Sarthi partnership and release of a Coffee Table Book showcasing innovation stories from J&K.
• Objectives:
  • To democratize access to innovation tools for students in frontier and tribal regions, promote student-led innovation, build innovation ecosystems in remote areas, and empower youth with problem-solving, AI, robotics, and 3D printing skills.

Important Terms Explained:

• Atal Innovation Mission (AIM):
  • A flagship initiative by NITI Aayog to promote innovation and entrepreneurship across India through programs like Atal Tinkering Labs, Atal Incubation Centers, and innovation challenges.
• Atal Tinkering Labs (ATLs):
  • Innovation labs set up in schools across India to foster curiosity, creativity, and imagination in young minds. Students use tools such as AI kits, 3D printers, and robotics to develop solutions to real-world problems.
• ATL Sarthi:
  • A structured mentorship and monitoring support program for existing ATL schools aimed at improving their innovation outcomes and ensuring effective lab usage.
• Frontier Region Programme:
  • An initiative under AIM to expand ATLs in remote, underrepresented, and frontier areas like J&K, Ladakh, Northeast, and tribal regions to ensure last-mile innovation impact.
• University of Kashmir:
  • Host institution for the event and implementation partner under ATL Sarthi in J&K, playing a central role in innovation teacher training and incubator collaboration.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Which institution has partnered with Interlink Academy, Germany, to launch a Climate Change Media Hub in Chennai?
A) IIT Madras
B) Press Trust of India
C) Indian Institute of Mass Communication
D) Asian College of Journalism
E) All India Radio
Answer: D) Asian College of Journalism

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Climate Change Media Hub in collaboration with Germany’s Interlink Academy
• Location: Asian College of Journalism (ACJ), Chennai, Tamil Nadu
• Date: Announced on 26 September 2025; Opening in November 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Asian College of Journalism (ACJ) has partnered with Interlink Academy, Germany, to launch a Climate Change Media Hub at its Chennai campus. The hub will run two core programs: Climate Change Residency Programme and Climate Change Mentorship Programme, both of eight months’ duration.
• Objectives:
  • To strengthen climate and environmental journalism in India through training, mentorship, and networking. The hub aims to build the capacity of Indian journalists to report on climate change issues with accuracy, depth, and scientific grounding.

Important Terms Explained:

• Asian College of Journalism (ACJ):
  • A premier journalism institute based in Chennai, known for postgraduate education in journalism and media studies.
• Interlink Academy:
  • A Hamburg-based German organization focused on international training for journalists, with special expertise in digital journalism, safety, and cross-border collaborations.
• Climate Change Media Hub:
  • A dedicated center aimed at empowering journalists to report on climate change through structured programs, resource sharing, and collaborative storytelling frameworks.
• Climate Change Residency & Mentorship Programmes:
  • Eight-month training initiatives that offer practical and theoretical learning, including mentorship, workshops, and story development for journalists covering environmental and climate issues.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which institution has partnered with the Delhi government to conduct cloud seeding trials to reduce air pollution in October 2025?
A) IIT Delhi
B) ISRO
C) IMD
D) IIT Kanpur
E) CSIR
Answer: D) IIT Kanpur

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Delhi’s first artificial rain trials through cloud seeding
• Location: Delhi, India (with aircraft operations from Hindon Air Base)
• Date: MoU signed on 25 September 2025; Trials scheduled from 7–11 October 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Delhi government signed an MoU with IIT Kanpur to conduct five cloud seeding trials between October 7 and 11, using Cessna aircraft to target north and northwest Delhi. The aircraft will operate from Hindon Air Base, with the project costing approximately ₹3.5 crore.
• Objectives:
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of cloud seeding as a tool for reducing air pollution during Delhi’s high-pollution winter season, and to provide temporary relief to citizens through artificial rainfall.

Important Terms Explained:

• Cloud Seeding:
  • A weather modification technique that involves dispersing substances (like silver iodide or salt) into the air to encourage cloud condensation and artificial rainfall.
• IIT Kanpur:
  • One of India’s premier engineering institutes, involved in environmental research. IIT Kanpur is providing technical support and aircraft for the project.
• Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA):
  • India’s aviation regulatory body that has provided clearance for cloud seeding flights from October 1 to November 30, 2025.
• Cessna Aircraft:
  • A small aircraft model often used for environmental monitoring, research operations, and short-distance flights. It will be used for cloud seeding operations in this project.

Tabular Summary:

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17. From which academic year will the Telangana government implement the ‘Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme’ for government school children?
A) 2025–26
B) 2026–27
C) 2024–25
D) 2027–28
E) 2023–24
Answer: B) 2026–27

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme for schoolchildren in Telangana
• Location: Tamil Nadu (at a government-organized education event), Telangana (scheme implementation)
• Date: 26 September 2025 (announcement date)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy announced that Telangana will implement the Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme from the 2026–27 academic year, inspired by Tamil Nadu’s school meal model. The scheme will be introduced in government schools across the state.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance student nutrition, reduce dropout rates, and improve learning outcomes by ensuring children receive a nutritious breakfast before classes begin. The initiative also aims to promote equity, inclusive development, and social justice through educational reform.

Important Terms Explained:

• Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme (Telangana):
  • A welfare initiative set to launch in 2026–27 to provide free breakfast to students in government schools, mirroring Tamil Nadu’s successful model. It forms part of Telangana’s broader effort to offer three nutritious meals daily in schools.
• Tamil Nadu Model of School Meals:
  • A long-standing nutrition program providing mid-day meals and breakfast to schoolchildren. Widely recognised for improving enrolment, attendance, and nutritional outcomes among underprivileged students.
• Hyderabad–Chennai Industrial and Knowledge Corridor:
  • A major economic growth corridor connecting Hyderabad and Chennai, focusing on industries like pharmaceuticals, automobiles, electronics, and higher education, contributing to regional trade and job creation.
• Young India Skills University & Advanced Technology Centres:
  • Telangana’s skill development and technical education initiatives aimed at equipping youth with industry-relevant capabilities.

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18. Which company has reached an in-principle agreement to transfer its stake in the Hyderabad Metro Rail project to the Telangana government?
A) Tata Projects
B) GMR Group
C) L&T (Larsen & Toubro)
D) Adani Infra
E) Reliance Infrastructure
Answer: C) L&T (Larsen & Toubro)

Event and Location:

• Event: Telangana government and L&T reach in-principle agreement for Metro stake acquisition
• Location: Hyderabad, Telangana
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Telangana government and Larsen & Toubro (L&T) have reached an in-principle agreement for the state to acquire L&T’s entire stake in Hyderabad Metro Rail Phase 1, to enable seamless operational integration with the proposed Phase 2.
• Objectives:
  • To resolve the deadlock over metro expansion, meet the Centre’s requirement for a Definitive Agreement, and move ahead with Phase 2, which proposes eight new metro lines and an additional 163 km of track. The move also aims to enhance public transport and address Hyderabad’s declining metro infrastructure ranking.

Important Terms Explained:

• Hyderabad Metro Rail Project:
  • A public transit system in Hyderabad originally developed as a public-private partnership (PPP) between the Telangana government and L&T, with Phase 1 comprising about 69 km of track.
• Definitive Agreement:
  • A legally binding agreement required by the Central Government to ensure integration between privately operated Phase 1 and government-run Phase 2 for smooth operations, fare management, and asset sharing.
• Phase 2 Expansion:
  • The proposed extension of Hyderabad Metro, covering eight new lines and 163 km of additional track to meet the growing transportation demands of the city.
• Equity Stake Transfer:
  • L&T has proposed to exit the project by transferring its stake to the state, in return for debt assumption (~₹13,000 crore) and a one-time equity settlement (~₹2,000 crore) by the Telangana government.

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19. Where was the Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, sanctioned by Bharatiya Gyana Parampara, recently inaugurated?
A) Nalanda University
B) Banaras Hindu University
C) National Sanskrit University, Tirupati
D) Jawaharlal Nehru University
E) Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan
Answer: C) National Sanskrit University, Tirupati

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre
• Location: National Sanskrit University (NSU), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) Centre, sanctioned by Bharatiya Gyana Parampara under the Ministry of Education, was inaugurated at NSU, Tirupati. The centre is one among eight sanctioned to reputed institutions across India.
• Objectives:
  • To revive, preserve, and promote traditional Indian knowledge in areas such as Sanskrit literature, sciences, arts, and philosophy by integrating them with modern education and research frameworks.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS):
  • An initiative under the Ministry of Education to promote and institutionalize India’s ancient wisdom systems—including Sanskrit, Ayurveda, Yoga, Vedic mathematics, and more—within the formal academic structure.
• Bharatiya Gyana Parampara:
  • A division of the Ministry of Education responsible for preserving, promoting, and funding research and dissemination of India’s classical and indigenous knowledge traditions.
• National Sanskrit University (NSU):
  • A central university located in Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, dedicated to higher education and research in Sanskrit and allied disciplines.

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20. What is the duration of the action plan announced by the Karnataka government to address Bengaluru’s infrastructure issues in 2025?
A) 30 days
B) 45 days
C) 60 days
D) 90 days
E) 120 days
Answer: D) 90 days

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of a 90-day infrastructure improvement plan for Bengaluru
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Karnataka government launched a 90-day time-bound action plan to address Bengaluru’s urban infrastructure crisis, including pothole repairs, garbage management, road works, and redevelopment of major traffic corridors such as the Outer Ring Road (ORR).
• Objectives:
  • To improve urban livability, ensure road safety, expedite stalled infrastructure projects, and introduce congestion pricing as a long-term traffic control measure while enforcing accountability among officials.

Important Terms Explained:

• Congestion Pricing:
  • A traffic management policy that charges vehicles for using high-traffic roads during peak hours to reduce congestion. Proposed for Bengaluru’s Outer Ring Road as part of the city’s urban mobility reform.
• Outer Ring Road (ORR):
  • One of Bengaluru’s busiest road corridors, connecting major IT hubs and high-density residential zones. The government is planning redevelopment and congestion regulation here.
• White Topping:
  • A technique of overlaying existing bitumen roads with a layer of concrete to increase road durability and reduce maintenance needs, especially in high-traffic areas.

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21. What is the total financial outlay approved for Karnataka’s State Skill Development Policy 2025–32?
A) ₹1,386 crore
B) ₹5,000 crore
C) ₹4,432.5 crore
D) ₹3,000 crore
E) ₹2,750 crore
Answer: C) ₹4,432.5 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Approval of Karnataka State Skill Development Policy 2025–32
• Location: Bengaluru, Karnataka
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Karnataka Cabinet has approved the State Skill Development Policy 2025–32 with a total outlay of ₹4,432.5 crore, including ₹1,386 crore funding support from the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
• Objectives:
  • To position Karnataka as a global hub for skilled workforce, aligned with the target of becoming a $1 trillion economy by 2032, by building high-quality skill ecosystems across sectors and regions.

Important Terms Explained:

• Karnataka State Skill Development Policy 2025–32:
  • A seven-year strategic plan to strengthen skill training infrastructure, industry linkages, and employability for Karnataka’s youth, targeting key sectors such as manufacturing, IT, electronics, healthcare, and green energy.
• Asian Development Bank (ADB):
  • A multilateral financial institution headquartered in the Philippines that offers funding and technical support to Asian countries. ADB will contribute ₹1,386 crore for implementing the Karnataka skill policy.
• $1 Trillion Economy Vision:
  • Karnataka aims to increase its GSDP to $1 trillion by 2032 through a focus on skill development, industrial growth, infrastructure, and digital innovation.

Tabular Summary:

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22. Which Indian state is drafting the Electric Vehicle Policy 2.0, building upon its first EV policy launched in 2019?
A) Tamil Nadu
B) Maharashtra
C) Kerala
D) Gujarat
E) Delhi
Answer: C) Kerala

Event and Location:

• Event: Drafting of Kerala’s Electric Vehicle Policy 2.0
• Location: Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Kerala government has initiated the drafting of Electric Vehicle Policy 2.0 to replace or upgrade its earlier 2019 EV Policy, incorporating recent trends and advancements in the e-mobility ecosystem.
• Objectives:
  • To align Kerala’s electric mobility roadmap with technological innovations, market developments, and new business models in the EV sector, promoting sustainability, efficiency, and cleaner transportation.

Important Terms Explained:

• Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy:
  • A state or national-level framework that outlines strategies, subsidies, and infrastructure development plans to promote the adoption of electric vehicles in public and private transport.
• E-mobility Ecosystem:
  • A comprehensive term that includes electric vehicles, battery technologies, charging infrastructure, software platforms, and government regulations supporting sustainable and clean mobility.
• Kerala EV Policy 2019:
  • Launched in 2019, this was Kerala’s first policy to encourage EV adoption by setting targets for public transport electrification, charging stations, and incentives for manufacturers and buyers.

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23. How many zones has the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) been reorganized into as per the latest update in 2025?
A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
E) 12
Answer: C) 10

Event and Location:

• Event: Reorganisation of GVMC zones from 8 to 10
• Location: Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 26 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Andhra Pradesh State Government approved the reorganisation of Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) zones, increasing their number from 8 to 10.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance administrative efficiency, local governance, and service delivery in the expanding urban jurisdiction of Visakhapatnam by optimizing ward management and geographic distribution.

Important Terms Explained:

• Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC):
  • The urban local body responsible for civic administration and infrastructure in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. It oversees planning, sanitation, water supply, roads, and public services across various city zones.
• Zonal Reorganisation:
  • An administrative restructuring approach where a municipality is divided into smaller zones, each comprising specific wards, to decentralize governance and improve localized decision-making and service delivery.
• Ward:
  • The smallest administrative unit in a municipality, each ward elects a representative (corporator). Wards are grouped into zones for more effective governance.

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24. What is the primary purpose of the newly launched ‘GET TNGSS’ mobile app?
A) To provide government subsidies to startups
B) To promote digital payments among MSMEs
C) To assist participants of the Tamil Nadu Global Startup Summit 2025
D) To register new startup companies in Tamil Nadu
E) To conduct online startup competitions
Answer: C) To assist participants of the Tamil Nadu Global Startup Summit 2025

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of GET TNGSS mobile application for Tamil Nadu Global Startup Summit 2025
• Location: Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates:
  • The Minister for MSME, T.M. Anbarasan, officially launched the GET TNGSS mobile application at a stakeholders’ meet held in Coimbatore.
• Objectives:
  • To enhance engagement and networking at the upcoming Tamil Nadu Global Startup Summit (TNGSS) 2025, by providing digital access to schedules, speaker profiles, investor meetings, and AI-driven matchmaking for startups and stakeholders.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tamil Nadu Global Startup Summit (TNGSS):
  • A flagship event organized by StartupTN, focusing on showcasing innovation, entrepreneurship, and investment opportunities. It features global startup leaders, investors, exhibitions, and networking platforms.
• GET TNGSS Mobile App:
  • A dedicated mobile application launched for TNGSS 2025 participants to access event details, schedule meetings, use AI-enabled matchmaking features, and streamline communication with fellow delegates and investors.
• StartupTN:
  • A government initiative under the Tamil Nadu MSME Department to nurture and promote the startup ecosystem in the state through funding, incubation, policy support, and global linkages.

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25. Where was India’s first AI-powered Pilgrim Integrated Command and Control Centre inaugurated in September 2025?
A) Amritsar
B) Rameswaram
C) Varanasi
D) Tirumala
E) Bodh Gaya
Answer: D) Tirumala

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of India’s first AI-powered Pilgrim Command and Control Centre
• Location: Tirumala, Andhra Pradesh
• Date: 25 September 2025

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandates: Andhra Pradesh CM N. Chandrababu Naidu inaugurated the AI-powered Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC) at Tirumala to enhance real-time crowd management, security, and pilgrim services using advanced technology.
• Objectives: The initiative aims to improve pilgrim experience, reduce wait times in queues, strengthen safety and surveillance, and implement cyber threat intelligence in temple management.

Important Terms Explained:

• Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC): A centralized facility equipped with AI and high-performance computing to monitor crowds, analyze queues, and ensure real-time safety for pilgrims using over 6,000 surveillance cameras.
• 3D Situational Maps and Dashboards: These enable temple authorities to track real-time movement and respond quickly to emergencies or overcrowding.
• Pilgrims Amenities Complex: A new infrastructure project worth ₹102 crore at Tirumala to accommodate 4,000 pilgrims, offering dormitories, lockers, and 24×7 hot water facilities.

Tabular Summary:

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