Daily Current Affairs May 15

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May 15 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs May 15

1. When is the International Day of Families observed annually?
A) May 1
B) May 10
C) May 15
D) June 1
E) June 15
Answer: C) May 15

Event and Location:

• Event: The International Day of Families is observed globally as a United Nations-designated day to highlight the fundamental role of families in social development and address the challenges they face.
• Location: It is celebrated worldwide across all UN member nations and beyond, with governments, NGOs, and individuals organizing awareness and support activities.
• Date: The day is celebrated every year on May 15, and in 2025, it falls on Thursday, 15 May 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Observance: The day is dedicated to recognizing families as the foundational unit of society and raising awareness about the evolving challenges they face globally.
• UN Resolutions Supporting the Day: The United Nations General Assembly initiated this observance through Resolution 44/82 in 1989 and further reinforced it with Resolution 46/92 in 1991, emphasizing the need to support families amid socio-economic changes.
• Goals of the Day: It aims to promote policies and programs that support family stability, well-being, inclusion, and adaptability to modern challenges including financial hardship, social pressures, and cultural transformation.
• Inclusive Outlook: The day fosters recognition and respect for all family forms—regardless of cultural, structural, or regional differences—encouraging inclusivity and equality in support systems.

Important Terms Explained:

• International Day of Families: This is a global observance established by the United Nations in 1994, meant to honor the importance of families in fostering values, emotional development, and social cohesion.
• UN General Assembly Resolutions 44/82 and 46/92: These resolutions laid the foundation for the global observance, calling for more international attention to family-related policies and acknowledging the need for economic and social support.
• Family Diversity: This term acknowledges that families can exist in various forms—single-parent, extended, same-sex, childless, blended, and more—each deserving equal recognition and institutional support.
• Family Well-being: This encompasses the health, financial security, emotional stability, and social protection that families need to thrive, especially in the face of modern challenges.
• Social Stability: Families contribute to social order and harmony by nurturing responsible citizens, promoting cultural continuity, and reducing societal risks such as poverty and crime.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs May 15

2. Who won the ICC Men’s Player of the Month award for April 2025?
A) Shakib Al Hasan
B) Ben Sears
C) Mehidy Hasan Miraz
D) Mushfiqur Rahim
E) Blessing Muzarabani
Answer: C) Mehidy Hasan Miraz

Event and Location:

• Event: Bangladesh’s star all-rounder Mehidy Hasan Miraz was awarded the ICC Men’s Player of the Month for his outstanding performance in April 2025, particularly during a two-match Test series against Zimbabwe.
• Location: The announcement was made globally by the International Cricket Council (ICC) through its official channels, highlighting international cricket performances across all formats.
• Date: The award was announced in May 2025, recognizing performances from April 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Award: The ICC Player of the Month award aims to recognize exceptional individual performances in international cricket each month, promoting talent and sportsmanship.
• Highlighting Consistency: Mehidy Hasan was honored for his balanced performance with both bat and ball, which contributed significantly to Bangladesh’s Test series win against Zimbabwe.
• All-Round Excellence: His performances included 116 runs at an average of 38.66 and 15 wickets at a bowling average of 11.86, including a century and a five-wicket haul in the same match.
• Cricket Development Goal: Recognizing emerging talent from nations like Bangladesh supports the ICC’s vision of a globally competitive cricket environment.

Important Terms Explained:

• ICC Men’s Player of the Month: A monthly award instituted by the International Cricket Council (ICC) to honor outstanding performances in men’s international cricket.
• All-Rounder: A player who contributes significantly in both batting and bowling departments; Mehidy Hasan is known for his match-winning abilities in both roles.
• Five-Wicket Haul: A significant bowling achievement where a bowler takes five or more wickets in a single innings of a match.
• Century in Test Match: When a batsman scores 100 or more runs in a single innings of a Test match, often a sign of a game-changing contribution.
• Bangladesh Cricket: A rising force in international cricket, with players like Mehidy Hasan, Shakib Al Hasan, and Mushfiqur Rahim gaining global recognition.

Tabular Summary:

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Obituary – Daily Current Affairs May 15

3. Which former president, known as the “world’s poorest president,” passed away in May 2025?
A) Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
B) Evo Morales
C) Jose Mujica
D) Nicolás Maduro
E) Gabriel Boric
Answer: C) Jose Mujica

Event and Location:

• Event: Former Uruguayan President Jose Mujica, globally admired for his humility and progressive governance, passed away at the age of 89 after a long battle with cancer.
• Location: Mujica died at his rural farm home in Uruguay, where he spent his final days after halting cancer treatment in early 2025.
• Date: His death was announced in May 2025 by Uruguay’s current president Yamandú Orsi, marking the end of a transformative era in Uruguayan and global politics.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Leadership Vision: Mujica’s presidency aimed to promote social justice, economic fairness, and personal freedom through practical reforms rooted in empathy and equality.
• Progressive Reform Focus: He enacted landmark legislation on abortion rights, same-sex marriage, and legal cannabis, establishing Uruguay as a progressive beacon in Latin America.
• Governance Style: He exemplified austere, honest leadership, choosing a modest lifestyle over privilege and power, and donated most of his salary to charity.
• Post-Presidency Influence: Even after leaving office, Mujica remained a moral voice in global political discourse, advocating for sustainability, minimalism, and ethical governance.

Important Terms Explained:

• Tupamaros: A left-wing urban guerrilla group in Uruguay during the 1960s and 70s that resisted the military dictatorship; Mujica was a key member before being imprisoned for 15 years.
• Movement of Popular Participation (MPP): A political party co-founded by Mujica, it became a core component of Uruguay’s leftist Broad Front coalition.
• World’s Poorest President: A label given to Mujica due to his humble lifestyle, but he clarified this was a personal choice, reflecting his philosophy of anti-materialism.
• Legalization of Cannabis: Under Mujica, Uruguay became the first country in the world to fully legalize recreational marijuana as a state-regulated model to fight drug violence and promote public health.
• Yamandú Orsi: The current President of Uruguay in 2025, who formally announced Mujica’s death, paying tribute to his enduring influence on the nation.

Tabular Summary:

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Ranking – Daily Current Affairs May 15

4. Which industry created the highest number of billionaires globally in 2025?
A) Technology
B) Fashion & Retail
C) Real Estate
D) Finance & Investments
E) Healthcare
Answer: D) Finance & Investments

Event and Location:

• Event: The release of the global ranking of the Top-10 billionaires-producing industries in 2025 highlights which sectors created the most billionaires worldwide.
• Location: The data represents global trends with notable entries from the USA, Germany, France, China, India, Australia, and Russia.
• Date: The list was published in May 2025 and reflects the billionaire status and industry impact as of the same year.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Ranking: The list aims to analyze which industries generated the largest number of billionaires in 2025 and reflect changing global economic and business patterns.
• Wealth Creation Insight: It highlights how finance, technology, and manufacturing continue to dominate billionaire creation, followed closely by sectors like healthcare and real estate.
• Global Industry Benchmarking: This data offers insights into sector-specific opportunities for innovation, investment, and entrepreneurship.
• Recognition of Indian Contribution: The ranking showcases Mukesh Ambani as a representative of India’s success in the diversified industry through Reliance Industries.
• Tracking Emerging Sectors: The report also outlines the fast-growing role of sectors like media & entertainment, and food & beverage in contributing to billionaire wealth.

Important Terms Explained:

• Billionaires-Producing Industries: These are business sectors that have consistently enabled individuals to accumulate net worths exceeding $1 billion, typically due to high-profit margins, global scalability, or tech disruption.
• Finance & Investments: This sector includes hedge funds, private equity, venture capital, banking, and investment firms—recognized as the top billionaire-generating field in 2025.
• Diversified Sector: Refers to business empires spread across multiple industries, such as Reliance Industries which operates in energy, telecom, retail, media, and finance.
• Startup Boom in Technology: The technology sector’s ability to scale quickly through innovation has made it a hub for young billionaires via platforms, AI, and SaaS models.
• Mukesh Ambani: Chairman and MD of Reliance Industries, he is India’s richest individual and ranks under the diversified category with a net worth of $92.5 billion in 2025.

Tabular Summary:

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5. At which international event did India announce its ranking among the top six global patent filers for 6G technology?
A) Digital India Summit 2025
B) Global Tech Expo 2025
C) India Innovation Forum
D) Bharat 6G 2025 Conference
E) NextGen Telecom Meet
Answer: D) Bharat 6G 2025 Conference

Event and Location:

• Event: India was officially recognized as one of the top six countries globally in 6G patent filings during the Bharat 6G 2025 – 3rd International Conference and Exhibition, showcasing its advancements in next-generation telecom technologies.
• Location: The announcement was made in New Delhi, the host city for the international telecom event focusing on India’s leadership in 6G innovation.
• Date: The conference and announcement took place on 14 May 2025, led by the Ministry of Communications.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of Bharat 6G Vision: The aim is to establish India as a global leader in 6G technology by 2030, focusing on deep-tech innovation, indigenous R&D, and international standardization.
• Research Investment Plan: The government has committed over ₹300 crore to more than 111 6G-focused research projects, emphasizing terahertz communications, AI-native networks, and network intelligence.
• Key Goals for 6G: Technology targets include terabit-level speeds, sub-millisecond latency, self-healing intelligent networks, and volumetric connectivity spanning land, sea, and space.
• Alliance and Mechanism: The mission is being driven through the Bharat 6G Alliance, which brings together government, academia, startups, and global collaborators to shape the ecosystem.

Important Terms Explained:

• 6G Technology: The future generation of wireless communication technology expected to succeed 5G, aiming to deliver ultra-high speeds, near-zero latency, and smart autonomous networking.
• Terahertz Communication: A core technology for 6G, operating at frequencies above 100 GHz, enabling ultra-fast data transmission and new applications in immersive and industrial IoT.
• Bharat 6G Vision: India’s strategic roadmap to position itself as a global frontrunner in 6G by 2030, released by the Department of Telecommunications in 2023.
• AI-Native Networks: Intelligent network architectures that use Artificial Intelligence from the design phase, allowing self-optimization, self-healing, and context-aware performance.
• Bharat 6G Alliance: A multi-stakeholder platform coordinating 6G efforts across industry, academia, and government to foster innovation and contribute to global 6G standard-setting.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs May 15

6. What was India’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation rate in April 2025?
A) 4.25%
B) 3.36%
C) 3.16%
D) 2.92%
E) 1.78%
Answer: C) 3.16%

Event and Location:

• Event: India’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation fell sharply in April 2025, marking the lowest inflation level since July 2019, primarily due to a drop in food prices.
• Location: The nationwide data was released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) and includes separate figures for urban, rural, and combined segments.
• Date: The data was released on 13 May 2025, covering the inflation performance for April 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Objective of CPI Data Release: The monthly CPI and CFPI figures provide a critical measure of price stability and inform monetary policy decisions of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• Food Price Focus: The April 2025 figures reflect a major cooling in food inflation due to easing prices in vegetables, pulses, and fruits, aiding household consumption.
• Support for Monetary Policy: The data strengthens RBI’s strategy of maintaining a neutral repo rate, balancing growth and inflation management.
• Wider Economic Impact: The fall in inflation enhances investor confidence, supports consumer purchasing power, and reduces pressure on cost of living across urban and rural India.

Important Terms Explained:

• Consumer Price Index (CPI): A measure of retail inflation, tracking changes in prices paid by consumers for a basket of goods and services over time.
• Consumer Food Price Index (CFPI): A sub-index of CPI focusing specifically on food items such as grains, vegetables, fruits, and pulses, which have a high weightage in the CPI basket.
• Headline Inflation: The total CPI-based inflation across all categories, including food, fuel, housing, health, and education.
• Core Inflation: Inflation excluding food and fuel prices, often used by central banks to assess long-term trends. (Not specifically highlighted in this report but often referenced in monetary decisions.)
• MoSPI: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, responsible for compiling national statistical data, including CPI.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Which company acquired PNB’s entire stake in India SME Asset Reconstruction Company in May 2025?
A) SIDBI Venture Capital Ltd
B) Bank of Baroda
C) Authum Investment and Infrastructure Ltd
D) LIC Housing Finance
E) Edelweiss ARC
Answer: C) Authum Investment and Infrastructure Ltd

Event and Location:

• Event: Punjab National Bank (PNB) has signed a definitive agreement to sell its entire stake in India SME Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (ISARC) to streamline its investments and focus on core banking operations.
• Location: The agreement was signed in India, with ISARC headquartered in Mumbai, and the transaction reflecting trends across India’s banking and financial sector.
• Date: The agreement was signed on 13 May 2025, with the transaction expected to be completed by Q1 FY 2025–26.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Transaction: The decision aims to help PNB exit non-core businesses and refocus on its principal banking activities, aligning with regulatory expectations and operational efficiency goals.
• Strategic Realignment: The sale is a part of broader efforts by public sector banks to rationalize investments, reduce exposure to non-core subsidiaries, and boost return on capital.
• Compliance and Reforms: The move aligns with RBI’s guidance on financial sector reforms that encourage banks to divest from non-core investments and improve governance in non-banking businesses.
• Resource Optimization: Divesting its stake in ISARC allows PNB to reallocate resources more effectively to strengthen its core competencies such as lending, deposits, and retail banking.

Important Terms Explained:

• Asset Reconstruction Company (ARC): ARCs are specialized financial institutions that buy non-performing assets (NPAs) from banks and financial institutions to clean up balance sheets and revive distressed loans.
• India SME Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (ISARC): A pioneering ARC focused on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), jointly promoted by SIDBI, PNB, Bank of Baroda, and SIDBI Venture Capital Ltd, with a mission to revive distressed SME assets.
• Authum Investment and Infrastructure Ltd: A non-banking financial company that has emerged as a prominent player in asset management and restructuring, now set to become the new sponsor of ISARC after RBI approval.
• Non-Core Investment: Refers to assets or business units that are not essential to a company’s primary operations, often divested to sharpen strategic focus.
• Public Sector Banks (PSBs): Banks where a majority stake is held by the Government of India, often guided by public policy, regulatory compliance, and efficiency mandates.

Tabular Summary:

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8. What was Canara Bank’s reported net profit for Q4 FY25?
A) ₹4,002 crore
B) ₹5,004 crore
C) ₹3,757 crore
D) ₹5,500 crore
E) ₹4,756 crore
Answer: B) ₹5,004 crore

Event and Location:

• Event: Canara Bank released its Q4 FY2024–25 financial results, showing a significant year-on-year increase in net profit and improvements in asset quality and operational performance.
• Location: The financial results were announced at Canara Bank’s headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka, where the Board also recommended the annual dividend.
• Date: The performance report was disclosed in May 2025, covering the final quarter of FY25 (January–March 2025).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Financial Performance Goal: Canara Bank aims to deliver strong returns by improving core banking operations, maintaining asset quality, and increasing credit outreach.
• Operational Efficiency Focus: The bank’s growth in operating profit and reduction in NPAs reflects focused efforts in recovery, digital transformation, and risk management.
• Dividend and Shareholder Value: The proposal of ₹4 per share as FY25 dividend underscores the bank’s commitment to rewarding shareholders amid strong financial results.
• Growth in Business Base: Canara Bank has expanded both its global and domestic advances and deposits, contributing to higher revenue from interest income.

Important Terms Explained:

• Net Interest Income (NII): The difference between interest earned on loans and interest paid on deposits; a key profitability metric for banks.
• Net Interest Margin (NIM): A ratio that shows how efficiently a bank earns income from its interest-earning assets; expressed as a percentage.
• Gross NPA (Non-Performing Asset): Loans that have not been repaid for over 90 days; lower NPAs indicate better asset quality and recovery.
• Net NPA: NPAs after deducting provisions; a more realistic measure of actual bad assets.
• Operating Profit: Profit before provisions and taxes, indicating the bank’s core operational strength.

Tabular Summary:

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9. What is the final dividend per equity share recommended by Tata Power for FY25?
A) ₹1.50
B) ₹2.00
C) ₹2.25
D) ₹2.75
E) ₹3.00
Answer: C) ₹2.25

Event and Location:

• Event: Tata Power announced a 25% year-on-year rise in Q4 FY25 net profit, with a major capex plan and strong revenue growth across segments.
• Location: The results were declared from the company’s headquarters in Mumbai and released through the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
• Date: The financial update was announced on May 15, 2025, covering the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Profit Growth Goal: Tata Power aimed to deliver sustainable earnings growth through expanded operations in generation, solar rooftop installations, and EV infrastructure.
• Capital Expenditure Target: The company has planned a capital expenditure (capex) of ₹25,000 crore for FY26, aimed at strengthening infrastructure and clean energy projects.
• Dividend Distribution Objective: The Board recommended a final dividend of ₹2.25 per equity share for FY25, rewarding shareholders for strong company performance.
• Revenue Boost Strategy: Expansion in module and cell production in Tirunelveli and improved Odisha discom profits played a key role in increasing revenue.

Important Terms Explained:

• PAT (Profit After Tax): A company’s net earnings after taxes have been deducted; Tata Power recorded a PAT exceeding ₹5,000 crore in FY25.
• EBITDA: Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortisation—a measure of operational profitability. Tata Power’s FY25 EBITDA stood at ₹14,468 crore.
• Capex: Capital expenditure refers to funds used by a company to upgrade or acquire physical assets. Tata Power plans a ₹25,000 crore investment in FY26.
• Final Dividend: The dividend declared at the end of a financial year; Tata Power declared ₹2.25 per share for FY25.
• Discoms: Electricity distribution companies; PAT from Odisha discoms surged 3x in Q4 FY25 and 43% in the fiscal.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs May 15

10. Who has been appointed as the new Chairman of the BRICS Chamber of Commerce & Industry in May 2025?
A) Rajiv Kumar
B) Nandan Nilekani
C) Harvansh Chawla
D) Sanjeev Sanyal
E) Ramesh Abhishek
Answer: C) Harvansh Chawla

Event and Location:

• Event: Harvansh Chawla has been appointed as the new Chairman of the BRICS Chamber of Commerce & Industry (BRICS CCI), an organization dedicated to fostering trade and economic cooperation among BRICS nations.
• Location: The announcement pertains to the BRICS CCI, headquartered in India, with a global network representing BRICS countries—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• Date: The leadership change was officially reported on 15 May 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Purpose: The main aim of the appointment is to enhance the BRICS CCI’s strategic leadership and strengthen collaboration among the BRICS member countries in trade and development.
• Policy and Advocacy Goals: The Chamber under Chawla’s leadership seeks to facilitate greater business-government engagement and influence policymaking for the private sector across BRICS nations.
• Innovation and Sustainability: Promoting sustainable growth, innovation, and responsible business practices will be central to the Chamber’s agenda.
• Capacity-Building Initiatives: The Chamber plans to support programs such as business matchmaking, knowledge exchange, and entrepreneur capacity building.
• Global Positioning: The organization aims to expand its global presence and influence by fostering stronger economic partnerships and aligning with evolving global economic trends.

Important Terms Explained:

• BRICS: BRICS is a grouping of five major emerging economies—Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa—which collectively account for a significant share of global GDP, trade, and population.
• BRICS CCI (Chamber of Commerce & Industry): This is a private sector-led platform that represents the interests of businesses in BRICS nations and acts as a facilitator of trade, investment, and policy dialogue among member countries.
• Harvansh Chawla: He is a senior legal professional with over 30 years of experience in corporate law and international trade, and is the Founder and Managing Partner of K.R. Chawla & Co. Advocates.
• Business-Government Dialogue: This refers to the interaction between the private sector and government entities to influence economic policy, regulatory frameworks, and trade strategies.
• Sustainable Economic Growth: This implies economic development that balances profitability with environmental stewardship, social equity, and long-term value creation.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs May 15

11. Which honorary military rank was conferred upon Olympic gold medallist Neeraj Chopra in 2025?
A) Captain
B) Major
C) Lieutenant Colonel
D) Brigadier
E) Colonel
Answer: C) Lieutenant Colonel

Event and Location:

• Event: Neeraj Chopra, India’s Olympic gold-winning javelin thrower, was conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army, recognizing his exceptional contributions to Indian sports and national pride.
• Location: The recognition was issued by the Department of Military Affairs under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, with Chopra currently residing in Haryana and serving nationally.
• Date: The official announcement was made on 13 May 2025, and the honorary rank is effective from 16 April 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Honour: The honorary rank acknowledges Neeraj Chopra’s exemplary performance in international athletics and his former service in the Indian Army, serving as a symbol of excellence and dedication.
• Regulatory Framework: The title was conferred under Para-31 of the Territorial Army Regulations, 1948, which enables honorary commissions for distinguished civilians or veterans.
• Civil-Military Connection: The initiative fosters closer ties between the armed forces and the civilian sector, encouraging national unity and pride through recognition of exceptional individuals.
• Role of Honorary Officers: While the position does not involve active service, it allows ceremonial participation and engagement in motivational and national events.

Important Terms Explained:

• Territorial Army (TA): A voluntary part-time force under the Indian Army established on 9 October 1949, designed to support the regular forces during emergencies, war, and national service activities.
• Honorary Lieutenant Colonel: A ceremonial rank given to civilians or ex-servicemen who have brought distinction to the nation; it allows limited ceremonial participation without military duties.
• Para-31 of TA Regulations, 1948: A provision under which the President of India or the Ministry of Defence can confer honorary commissions upon individuals who have achieved excellence in their respective fields.
• Neeraj Chopra: A world-renowned Indian athlete, Olympic Gold Medalist in Tokyo 2020 (held in 2021), World Champion (2023), and Silver Medalist at Paris Olympics 2024; previously served as Subedar Major in the Indian Army.
• M.S. Dhoni: Former Indian cricketer and captain who was awarded the honorary Lieutenant Colonel rank in the Territorial Army in 2011, setting a precedent for distinguished sportspersons.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Who won the 2025 World Food Prize for her work on biological nitrogen fixation in agriculture?
A) Vandana Shiva
B) Norman Borlaug
C) Mariangela Hungria
D) Louise Fresco
E) Jennifer Doudna
Answer: C) Mariangela Hungria

Event and Location:

• Event: Brazilian scientist Mariangela Hungria was awarded the 2025 World Food Prize for her pioneering contribution to sustainable agriculture through biological nitrogen fixation.
• Location: The announcement and ceremony were globally recognized and coordinated by the World Food Prize Foundation, headquartered in Des Moines, Iowa, USA.
• Date: The award was conferred in May 2025, highlighting achievements that support environmentally sustainable farming and global food security.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Award: The award recognizes significant contributions to sustainable food production and global agricultural innovation, especially methods that reduce environmental harm.
• Scientific Mission: Hungria’s work promotes biological nitrogen fixation, enabling crops to access nitrogen naturally through soil bacteria, minimizing the need for synthetic fertilizers.
• Agricultural Impact Objective: Her research enhances soil health, crop yield, and reduces pollution from fertilizer runoff, supporting both farm productivity and ecological balance.
• Broader Global Aim: This work serves as a model for other nations facing agro-environmental challenges like land degradation, climate change, and nitrogen pollution.

Important Terms Explained:

• World Food Prize: An international award established in 1987 by Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug, honoring individuals who have improved the quality, quantity, or availability of food globally.
• Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF): A natural process in which soil-dwelling bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by plants, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.
• Soybean Agriculture: A major global crop used for oil, feed, and food; Brazil’s production has surged in part due to sustainable practices enabled by BNF.
• Deforestation Link: Unsustainable expansion of agriculture has often led to forest loss; BNF helps increase yield per acre, reducing pressure on forest lands.
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Chemical fertilizers contribute to nitrous oxide emissions, a potent greenhouse gas; BNF reduces this environmental impact significantly.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs May 15

13. Which country inaugurated the world’s first commercial-scale e-methanol production plant in May 2025?
A) Germany
B) Denmark
C) Netherlands
D) Japan
E) Sweden
Answer: B) Denmark

Event and Location:

• Event: The world’s first commercial-scale e-methanol plant began operations to produce carbon-neutral methanol, aiming to revolutionize green fuel alternatives in global shipping and industrial sectors.
• Location: The plant is located in Kasso, Southern Denmark, and represents a collaboration between European Energy (Denmark) and Mitsui (Japan).
• Date: The facility was officially inaugurated on 13 May 2025, marking a milestone in sustainable fuel innovation.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Facility: The plant aims to reduce carbon emissions in the maritime industry by producing e-methanol, a low-carbon, renewable fuel derived from green electricity and captured CO₂.
• IMO Compliance Goal: The initiative supports the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions in shipping by 2050.
• Broader Application: Beyond marine fuels, the e-methanol produced will be used by plastics and pharmaceutical industries, expanding its environmental impact.
• Scalability and Innovation: The plant showcases scalable renewable solutions using advanced carbon capture and renewable energy integration, setting a precedent for global replication.
• Additional Benefits: The facility’s excess heat is utilized to supply heating to 3,300 local homes, highlighting its community-level impact and resource efficiency.

Important Terms Explained:

• E-Methanol: Also known as green methanol, e-methanol is produced using renewable electricity (like wind or solar) and captured CO₂, making it a carbon-neutral fuel for transportation and industry.
• International Maritime Organization (IMO): A UN body responsible for regulating global shipping emissions, targeting carbon neutrality by 2050 through sustainable marine fuels.
• Dual-Fuel Ships: Vessels like those operated by Maersk that can run on both conventional fuels and e-methanol, allowing flexible and greener fuel use.
• Carbon Capture: A technology that traps CO₂ emissions from sources like biogas plants or waste incineration, preventing them from entering the atmosphere and reusing them in industrial processes.
• Cost Parity: Refers to the point when green methanol becomes economically competitive with fossil-based methanol, which is projected around 2035.

Tabular Summary:

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Defence – Daily Current Affairs May 15

14. Which indigenous system did India successfully test in 2025 to neutralize coordinated drone swarms?
A) Prahaar
B) Bhargavastra
C) Agni-V
D) Trinetra
E) Astra
Answer: B) Bhargavastra

Event and Location:

• Event: India successfully conducted a test of Bhargavastra, an advanced indigenous counter-drone weapon system capable of neutralizing hostile drone swarms using hard-kill and soft-kill technologies.
• Location: The system was test-fired at an undisclosed military test range in India, likely within a designated defence testing zone under the Ministry of Defence.
• Date: The successful trial took place in May 2025, with the announcement officially made shortly after the test.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of Bhargavastra: The system is designed to neutralize hostile drone swarms using a combination of lethal force and electronic disruption, thereby protecting critical military infrastructure.
• Strategic Objective: The system aims to counter emerging threats from swarm-based drone attacks, including cross-border incursions using autonomous and kamikaze drones.
• Multi-Terrain Deployment: Bhargavastra is engineered for mobile and modular deployment, suitable for diverse geographical conditions including high-altitude terrains.
• Force Multiplication: The integration with network-centric warfare systems allows rapid detection, targeting, and engagement of threats in a synchronized manner.
• Defence Indigenization: This test highlights India’s commitment to self-reliance in defence technology under initiatives like Make in India and Atmanirbhar Bharat.

Important Terms Explained:

• Drone Swarms: These are coordinated formations of multiple drones operated using AI, capable of carrying out simultaneous attacks from multiple vectors, making traditional air defences less effective.
• Hard-Kill Technology: A form of active defence involving the physical destruction of a threat using weapons such as micro rockets and guided missiles.
• Soft-Kill Technology: Non-lethal methods such as jamming and spoofing that interfere with enemy drone navigation or communication systems, diverting or disabling them.
• EO/IR Sensors: Electro-Optical and Infrared sensors are used for enhanced visual tracking and thermal imaging, vital for detecting low radar cross-section drones.
• Network-Centric Warfare: A modern combat concept where military assets are digitally connected, enabling shared situational awareness and coordinated engagement.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs May 15

15. Which country recently saw the removal of all U.S. sanctions as announced by President Donald Trump in May 2025?
A) Iran
B) Venezuela
C) Syria
D) Cuba
E) North Korea
Answer: C) Syria

Event and Location:

• Event: U.S. President Donald Trump announced the complete removal of U.S. sanctions on Syria, signaling a potential new chapter in U.S.-Middle East diplomatic engagement.
• Location: The declaration was made during Trump’s visit to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in a regional summit setting that included diplomatic figures from the Middle East.
• Date: The announcement occurred in May 2025, shortly after the installment of Syria’s new transitional government following the fall of the Assad regime.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Policy Objective: The U.S. aims to support Syria’s transitional government, foster political stability, and encourage economic recovery by lifting long-standing sanctions.
• Humanitarian Relief Facilitation: The move is also intended to unlock humanitarian aid, unfreeze financial channels, and allow international organizations to operate more freely in Syria.
• Geopolitical Strategy: This decision forms part of a broader regional realignment strategy, potentially positioning the U.S. as a key player in Syria’s reconstruction and reintegration.
• Governance Encouragement: By easing sanctions, the U.S. is incentivizing responsible governance from the newly installed administration led by Ahmed al-Sharaa.

Important Terms Explained:

• U.S. Sanctions on Syria: These were a set of economic and financial restrictions initially imposed in 2004 and expanded after 2011 in response to the Assad regime’s crackdown on protests and human rights abuses.
• State Sponsor of Terrorism: A U.S. designation applied to countries accused of repeatedly supporting terrorism, resulting in heightened sanctions and restrictions. Syria has held this label since 1979.
• Transitional Government: A temporary ruling administration established to manage a country’s affairs after a major political shift—here, following the overthrow of Bashar al-Assad.
• Ahmed al-Sharaa: The new transitional head of state in Syria, previously linked to militant groups but now claiming reform and a commitment to peace and democratic transition.
• Diplomatic Normalization: The process of restoring formal relations between countries after a period of conflict or disengagement, usually involving trade, travel, and diplomatic recognition.

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs May 15

16. What was the primary focus of the Inclusive India Summit 2025 held on Global Accessibility Awareness Day?
A) Agricultural innovation
B) Digital inclusion for persons with disabilities
C) Renewable energy policies
D) Women entrepreneurship
E) Cybersecurity in education
Answer: B) Digital inclusion for persons with disabilities

Event and Location:

• Event: The Inclusive India Summit 2025 was organized to celebrate Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD) and to promote digital inclusion and accessibility for persons with disabilities.
• Location: The summit was held in hybrid mode at the India International Centre, New Delhi, bringing together stakeholders from across India.
• Date: The summit took place on 15 May 2025, coinciding with GAAD which is globally observed on the third Thursday of May.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Summit: The summit aimed to reaffirm India’s commitment to building a digitally accessible environment for persons with disabilities (Divyangjan).
• Digital Equity Goal: The event focused on raising awareness about the importance of digital accessibility and fostering equal digital participation.
• Collaborative Engagement: The summit brought together key actors from government, industry, academia, civil society, and the Divyangjan community to collaborate on inclusive development.
• Technology Integration: The event included the introduction of technology tools such as an AI-enabled chatbot to improve access to departmental schemes for beneficiaries.
• Curriculum and Research Promotion: The summit also emphasized education reform by introducing a draft digital accessibility curriculum for computer science and design courses.

Important Terms Explained:

• Global Accessibility Awareness Day (GAAD): An international observance held annually on the third Thursday of May to promote digital access and inclusion for people with disabilities.
• Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD): A central government department under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment responsible for policies, programs, and initiatives aimed at empowering persons with disabilities.
• Digital Accessibility: This refers to the design of digital tools, websites, applications, and systems so that they can be easily used by people with visual, auditory, physical, and cognitive impairments.
• Mission Accessibility: An initiative promoting accessible environments across India, known for publishing its Annual Accessibility Report Card.
• AI-enabled Chatbot: A newly launched interactive tool developed to assist persons with disabilities in understanding and accessing government schemes.

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17. Which two institutions signed an MoU on 13 May 2025 to enhance India’s ground-based Space Situational Awareness capabilities?
A) ISRO and BARC
B) DST and DRDO
C) NASA and DRDO
D) ISRO and DRDO
E) DST and CSIR
Answer: B) DST and DRDO

Event and Location:

• Event: A strategic Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed to enhance India’s ground-based Space Situational Awareness (SSA) capabilities through the joint efforts of scientific and defence institutions.
• Location: The MoU was signed between the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES) in Nainital and the Instruments Research & Development Establishment (IRDE) in Dehradun, both in Uttarakhand.
• Date: The agreement was formally signed on 13 May 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Purpose: The aim of the MoU is to strengthen India’s space surveillance capabilities through the integration of astronomical and defence technologies.
• Research and Development Goals: The collaboration involves the joint development of AI and ML-powered image processing systems to detect and track space objects.
• Infrastructure Utilization: ARIES will offer its advanced telescopes and atmospheric monitoring systems, while IRDE will provide electro-optical surveillance equipment.
• Collaborative Framework: The agreement promotes scientific exchange, capacity building, and long-term joint research between civil and defence sectors.

Important Terms Explained:

• Space Situational Awareness (SSA): SSA is the capability to detect, monitor, and predict the movement of objects in space, which is essential for satellite safety and national security.
• Electro-Optical Systems: These systems use light and electronic components to observe and track space objects with high precision, widely used in defence and astronomy.
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML): AI and ML technologies enhance the analysis of large datasets, improving automation and accuracy in space object identification.
• ARIES: The Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences is an autonomous institute under DST, known for its work in astronomy and housing the 3.6-metre Devasthal Optical Telescope.
• IRDE: The Instruments Research and Development Establishment is a DRDO lab specializing in electro-optical systems for defence applications, including space-based surveillance.

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18. Which anti-terror operation was conducted in Tral, Awantipora on 15 May 2025 by Indian security forces?
A) Operation Sindoor
B) Operation Rakshak
C) Operation Nader
D) Operation Vijay
E) Operation Saffron
Answer: C) Operation Nader

Event and Location:

• Event: Multiple anti-terror operations were conducted by Indian security forces in Jammu and Kashmir in response to increased terrorist activity, including the high-impact Operation Nader, Shopian encounter, and cross-border Operation Sindoor.
• Location: The operations occurred in various areas of Jammu and Kashmir including Tral in Awantipora, Keller Forest in Shopian, and cross-border targets in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK).
• Date: The operations took place between 13 and 15 May 2025, with Operation Nader specifically launched on 15 May 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Immediate Purpose: The operations were launched to neutralize terrorist threats after the Pahalgam terror attack and based on actionable intelligence regarding the presence of militants.
• Security Collaboration: The missions involved a coordinated effort between the Indian Army, Jammu and Kashmir Police, and Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) to eliminate threats through joint action.
• Operation Nader Objective: This focused on flushing out armed terrorists hiding in the Nader area of Tral based on precise intelligence inputs.
• Operation Sindoor Objective: This cross-border strike aimed to destroy terrorist infrastructure located in Pakistan and Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK), particularly targeting camps of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed.
• Counter-Terror Strategy: These operations demonstrate a shift towards high-precision, intelligence-led counter-terrorism initiatives intended to prevent future attacks and secure civilian populations.

Important Terms Explained:

• Operation Nader: A joint counter-terrorism operation launched on 15 May 2025 in Tral, Awantipora, based on intelligence reports about armed terrorist presence, leading to a fierce gunfight.
• Operation Sindoor: A cross-border military operation targeting terror camps in Pakistan and PoK, which reportedly neutralized around 100 terrorists and dismantled key infrastructure of LeT and JeM.
• Shopian Encounter: A counter-insurgency action conducted on 13 May 2025 in the Keller Forest, leading to the killing of three terrorists, including a top commander from The Resistance Front (TRF).
• The Resistance Front (TRF): A banned terror outfit believed to be a front for Lashkar-e-Taiba, active in orchestrating attacks in Jammu and Kashmir, including the recent Pahalgam massacre.
• Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT): A UN-designated Pakistan-based terror group responsible for multiple attacks in India; TRF is considered its proxy.
• Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM): Another Pakistan-based banned terror group involved in cross-border terrorism against India, targeted during Operation Sindoor.

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19. On which occasion did India launch its first cluster of Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) testbeds for the cement sector?
A) World Environment Day
B) Republic Day
C) National Science Day
D) National Technology Day
E) Energy Conservation Day
Answer: D) National Technology Day

Event and Location:

• Event: The Government of India, through the Department of Science and Technology (DST), launched the country’s first cluster of five Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) testbeds to address industrial carbon emissions from the cement sector.
• Location: The testbeds are located across India at institutions and industrial sites including Ballabhgarh, IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, IIT Tirupati, and BITS Pilani-Goa, in collaboration with major cement companies.
• Date: The initiative was launched on 11 May 2025, during the celebration of National Technology Day.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Initiative: The primary goal is to reduce carbon emissions from India’s cement industry, a hard-to-abate sector, by deploying innovative CCU technologies.
• Alignment with Climate Goals: The initiative supports India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and its national Net Zero target by 2070.
• Technology Translation Focus: The testbeds emphasize translational research—moving laboratory solutions to large-scale, real-world industrial applications.
• Collaborative Structure: Implemented under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model, the initiative links research institutions with industry for scalable impact.
• Long-Term Vision: To establish India as a leader in green cement technologies, sustainable construction, and carbon utilization strategies.

Important Terms Explained:

• Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU): A set of technologies that capture carbon dioxide emissions from industrial sources and convert them into useful products like concrete, fuels, and chemicals.
• Hard-to-Abate Sector: These are industrial sectors, like cement and steel, where reducing carbon emissions is technically challenging due to inherent CO₂ release in production.
• Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs): These are climate goals that countries commit to under the Paris Agreement; India’s NDCs include reducing carbon intensity and enhancing non-fossil energy capacity.
• Public-Private Partnership (PPP): A collaborative model where government bodies and private entities jointly develop and implement projects, sharing responsibilities and outcomes.
• Vacuum Swing Adsorption: A gas separation technique used to capture CO₂ efficiently by cycling pressure and vacuum levels across adsorbent materials.

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20. Which company is building India’s largest single-site renewable energy complex in Andhra Pradesh in 2025?
A) Tata Power
B) NTPC
C) ReNew Power
D) Adani Green
E) Brookfield
Answer: C) ReNew Power

Event and Location:

• Event: ReNew Power has announced the construction of India’s largest single-site renewable energy complex, marking a major step toward clean energy leadership in the country.
• Location: The mega renewable energy project will be located in Bethapalle village, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh, under the state’s Integrated Clean Energy Policy (ICEP).
• Date: The project will be officially inaugurated on 16 May 2025, with Andhra Pradesh IT & HRD Minister Nara Lokesh in attendance.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Project: The project aims to accelerate India’s energy transition by building large-scale solar, wind, and battery storage systems in a single integrated site.
• State and National Alignment: The project supports Andhra Pradesh’s target of 72 GW of renewable energy by 2029 and complements India’s national clean energy roadmap.
• Infrastructure and Grid Stability: By integrating a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), the project enhances grid resilience, reliability, and energy dispatch flexibility.
• Economic Development Goal: The investment is expected to generate employment, boost local infrastructure, and attract more clean energy investments to the region.
• Policy and Investment Climate: The revival of RE investments is attributed to the state’s new ICEP policy, introduced in October 2024, and proactive government engagement at global forums.

Important Terms Explained:

• ReNew Power: One of India’s largest renewable energy companies, focused on utility-scale solar, wind, and hybrid energy projects, playing a key role in India’s transition to clean energy.
• Battery Energy Storage System (BESS): A system used to store surplus renewable energy, improve load balancing, and ensure grid stability by dispatching energy during peak demand.
• Integrated Clean Energy Policy (ICEP): Introduced by the Andhra Pradesh government in October 2024, this policy aims to consolidate RE development under a structured, long-term vision.
• Single-Site RE Complex: Refers to a large-scale renewable energy installation located at one site, combining various RE technologies for optimized performance and land use.
• Grid Resilience: The ability of the power grid to manage variability and respond to disruptions by integrating storage and flexible energy dispatch technologies.

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21. Which global investment firm signed an MoU with Maharashtra to develop logistics and industrial parks worth ₹5,127 crore?
A) Carlyle Group
B) Brookfield
C) Blackstone
D) GIC
E) Temasek
Answer: C) Blackstone

Event and Location:

• Event: The Maharashtra government signed an MoU with Blackstone Group for an FDI-backed project to develop smart logistics and industrial parks aimed at boosting infrastructure and job creation.
• Location: The MoU was signed on 14 May 2025 at Sahyadri Guest House in Mumbai, Maharashtra, in the presence of Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis and Deputy CM Eknath Shinde.
• Date: The formal agreement was finalized on 14 May 2025 as part of Maharashtra’s industrial investment push.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Project: The initiative aims to develop over 10 smart logistics and industrial parks across key hubs to support Make in India, enhance regional infrastructure, and create jobs.
• Policy Integration: The investment is aligned with the Maharashtra Logistics Policy 2024, which promotes tech-enabled, environment-friendly logistics facilities for supply chain optimization.
• Employment Generation: The project is expected to generate approximately 27,510 direct and indirect jobs, fostering local economic development.
• Support for National Missions: It also complements national initiatives such as Digital India and Atmanirbhar Bharat by boosting warehousing and connectivity in the state.

Important Terms Explained:

• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Capital inflow from a foreign entity into a domestic business for expansion, asset creation, or infrastructure development, often bringing technology and jobs.
• Horizon Industrial Parks: A logistics infrastructure platform owned by Blackstone Group, focused on developing modern warehousing and industrial facilities in India.
• Logistics Parks: Integrated infrastructure projects that include warehousing, transport nodes, and support services, facilitating seamless goods movement and supply chain efficiency.
• Maharashtra Logistics Policy 2024: A forward-looking state policy aimed at improving logistics infrastructure through smart technology, green practices, and public-private partnerships.
• Make in India: A Government of India initiative to encourage domestic manufacturing and make India a global production hub.

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