Daily Current Affairs April 23

Dear Champions, as you all know that a lot of competitive exams have been notified consequently. Candidates have to prepare themselves according to the level of competition and expectation of the Recruitment board. Regarding that one of the most important topic is Daily Current Affairs April 23. Current Affairs in the form of contemporary events of national & international play a crucial role in almost every competitive exams like Banking, Insurance, SSC, UPSC, TNPSC, Railway etc.

Current affairs are the most dynamic yet scoring among all sections and need to be prepared from the right source. Here, we cafunsta team, providing Daily GK Updates, Current Affairs Questions, and Monthly current affairs pdf.

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April 23 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs April 23

1. When was Aryabhata, India’s first indigenously built satellite, launched into space?
A) January 26, 1974.
B) October 4, 1975.
C) April 19, 1975.
D) August 15, 1976.
E) December 18, 1973.
Answer: C) April 19, 1975.

Event and Location:

• Event: 50th anniversary celebration of the launch of Aryabhata satellite.
• Date: April 19, 2025.
• Location: Nationwide, India (commemoration of a launch that took place at Kapustin Yar, Russia).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Marking India’s formal entry into space research with its first indigenously built satellite.
• Objective: To develop indigenous capability in satellite technology and space-based scientific research.
• Objective: Inspire future space missions by demonstrating technological potential and scientific ambition.

Important Terms Explained:

• Aryabhata Satellite: India’s first experimental satellite, named after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata. It marked India’s debut in space technology and satellite-based science research.
• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation): India’s premier space agency responsible for the development and launch of Aryabhata.
• Kosmos-3M Rocket: A Soviet rocket that launched Aryabhata, highlighting Indo-Soviet space collaboration during the Cold War.
• Kapustin Yar: The Russian space launch site from where Aryabhata was launched on April 19, 1975.
• Scientific Instruments: Aryabhata was equipped to conduct studies in X-ray astronomy, solar physics, and ionospheric science.
• Mission Outcome: Communication was lost after 5 days due to a power failure, but the satellite continued to orbit Earth for several years, offering vital data and experience.

Tabular Summary:

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2. Which government body launched Fire Safety Week 2025 to enhance fire preparedness in healthcare facilities?
A) Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
B) Ministry of Home Affairs.
C) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
D) Union Health Department.
E) Ministry of Defence.
Answer: D) Union Health Department.

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of Fire Safety Week 2025 campaign.
• Date: April 21–25, 2025.
• Location: Nationwide, India (central launch at Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To reinforce fire and electrical safety in public and private healthcare infrastructure across India.
• Objective: Enhance emergency preparedness through training, planning, and fire audits in health institutions.
• Objective: Foster a culture of safety, awareness, and patient protection through capacity building and mock drills.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fire Safety Week: A nationwide observance organized by the Union Health Department from April 21–25, 2025, focusing on fire prevention in healthcare settings.
• Union Health Department: The organizing body under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, leading the national fire safety initiative.
• Punya Salila Srivastava: Union Health Secretary, who led the pledge and spearheaded the campaign.
• Fire and Electrical Safety Audits: Systematic assessments of fire and electrical hazards in medical facilities to ensure safety compliance.
• Mock Drills: Simulated evacuation and emergency exercises conducted to train healthcare staff and improve responsiveness.
• Webinars: A two-day virtual series focused on fire prevention, regulatory standards, and patient evacuation strategies.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs April 24

3. Who was named the Leading Men’s Cricketer in the World in the 2025 Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack?
A) Pat Cummins.
B) Ben Stokes.
C) Jasprit Bumrah.
D) Mitchell Starc.
E) R Ashwin.
Answer: C) Jasprit Bumrah.

Event and Location:

• Event: Announcement of Wisden 2025 Honours.
• Date: April 2025.
• Location: United Kingdom (publication of Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Recognize the top-performing cricketers globally across all formats and acknowledge lifetime achievements.
• Objective: Celebrate excellence in international and domestic cricket with annual honours in Wisden’s prestigious almanack.
• Objective: Highlight inspirational stories, historic records, and impactful performances within the cricketing world.

Important Terms Explained:

• Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack: A globally respected cricket reference book, published annually in the UK since 1864, known as the “Bible of Cricket.”
• Jasprit Bumrah: Named Leading Men’s Cricketer in the World for his phenomenal performances in 2024, including 71 Test wickets at an average under 15 and a starring role in India’s T20 World Cup win.
• Smriti Mandhana: Awarded Leading Women’s Cricketer in the World for scoring 1659 runs in 2024, including four ODI centuries and a crucial Test hundred against South Africa.
• Nicholas Pooran: West Indies batter named Leading T20 Player in the World for his impact across domestic and international T20s.
• Five Cricketers of the Year: A lifetime honour given once by Wisden to five players based on their influence on English cricket in the previous year.
• Mitchell Santner: Honoured for the Outstanding Performance of the Year, taking 13 wickets in a Test against India, helping New Zealand secure a 3–0 series win.
• Tributes & Farewells: The 2025 edition included emotional tributes to legends like James Anderson, Derek Underwood, and Graham Thorpe.

Tabular Summary:

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4. Who did Virat Kohli surpass to become the player with the most fifty-plus scores in IPL history?
A) Rohit Sharma.
B) Suresh Raina.
C) AB de Villiers.
D) David Warner.
E) KL Rahul.
Answer: D) David Warner.

Event and Location:

• Event: Virat Kohli becomes the player with the most fifty-plus scores in IPL history.
• Date: April 2025.
• Location: Mullanpur, during RCB vs PBKS match in IPL 2025.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To recognize consistent performance and contribution in the Indian Premier League (IPL).
• Objective: Highlight Virat Kohli’s continued dominance in T20 cricket, specifically in the IPL, through statistical milestones.
• Objective: Celebrate the sporting excellence and longevity of top cricketing icons.

Important Terms Explained:

• Fifty-Plus Scores in IPL: Includes all individual scores in a match that are 50 runs or more, including both half-centuries and centuries.
• Virat Kohli: Legendary Indian batsman and former captain of Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB), now holds the record for the most fifty-plus scores (67) in IPL history.
• David Warner: Australian cricketer previously held the record with 66 fifty-plus scores.
• Match Context: Kohli scored 73 off 54 balls* against Punjab Kings (PBKS), helping RCB secure a 7-wicket win.
• IPL Stats 2025 (So Far): Kohli has scored 322 runs in 8 innings at an average of 64.40 and a strike rate of 140.00, with four fifties.
• Overall IPL Record: Kohli has scored 8,326 runs in 190 matches, with an average of 39.27 and a strike rate of 132.26, including 8 centuries and 59 half-centuries.
• PBKS Record: Against Punjab Kings, Kohli has scored 1,104 runs in 34 innings, including a century and six fifties.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Who won the 2025 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix held at the Jeddah Corniche Circuit?
A) Max Verstappen.
B) Charles Leclerc.
C) Oscar Piastri.
D) Lewis Hamilton.
E) Lando Norris.
Answer: C) Oscar Piastri.

Event and Location:

• Event: 2025 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix.
• Date: April 20, 2025.
• Location: Jeddah Corniche Circuit, Saudi Arabia.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Conduct the second race of the Formula 1 calendar on one of the fastest street circuits in the world.
• Objective: Highlight the competitiveness of the 2025 F1 season and showcase driver talent and team strategy.
• Objective: Provide championship points towards the FIA Formula 1 Drivers’ and Constructors’ Standings.

Important Terms Explained:

• Oscar Piastri: Australian F1 driver for McLaren, who won his third race of the 2025 season, becoming the leader in the Drivers’ Championship standings after this win.
• Jeddah Corniche Circuit: A high-speed, street-based Formula 1 track in Saudi Arabia, known for its fast corners and challenging layout.
• Max Verstappen: Red Bull Racing driver who finished 2nd, after receiving a 5-second penalty for cutting Turn 1 during a battle with Piastri.
• Charles Leclerc: Ferrari driver who claimed 3rd place, marking his first podium finish of the 2025 season.
• Lando Norris: McLaren driver who started from P10 and finished P4, after leading briefly with a strategic long stint.
• Winning Time: Oscar Piastri completed the race in 1:21:06.758.
• Penalty: Verstappen’s penalty was a pivotal moment, impacting the race lead and final result.

Tabular Summary:

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Banking and Finance – Daily Current Affairs April 24

6. According to the BlueKraft Digital Foundation, how much has India’s Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) system saved between 2009 and 2024?
A) ₹1.85 lakh crore.
B) ₹2.1 lakh crore.
C) ₹3.48 lakh crore.
D) ₹42,534 crore.
E) ₹22,106 crore.
Answer: C) ₹3.48 lakh crore.

Event and Location:

• Event: Report on DBT-led welfare efficiency gains in India.
• Date: April 2025.
• Location: India (report released by BlueKraft Digital Foundation).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Enhance transparency, reduce leakages, and improve the efficiency of welfare delivery.
• Objective: Use technology-backed systems like DBT to ensure timely and targeted subsidy transfers.
• Objective: Maximize the impact of government expenditure by identifying and eliminating ineligible beneficiaries.

Important Terms Explained:

• Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT): A reform initiative by the Government of India aimed at transferring subsidies directly to beneficiaries’ bank accounts, eliminating middlemen and reducing corruption.
• Welfare Efficiency Index (WEI): A composite index introduced to measure the effectiveness of DBT based on savings, subsidy reduction, and beneficiary expansion.
• BlueKraft Digital Foundation: An Indian think tank and policy research organization that authored the report detailing DBT outcomes.
• Aadhaar-linked Authentication: A crucial mechanism for curbing leakages in schemes like PDS, ensuring subsidies reach genuine beneficiaries.
• MGNREGS (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme): A rural employment scheme that saw 98% timely wage payments through DBT.
• PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi): A farmer support scheme that saved ₹22,106 crore by removing 2.1 crore ineligible beneficiaries.
• Correlation Values:
  • Positive correlation of 0.71 indicates that more DBT coverage leads to higher savings.
  • Negative correlation of -0.74 shows reduced subsidy burden enhances welfare efficiency.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Under which section of the Income Tax Act has the 1% TCS on luxury goods above ₹10 lakh been implemented effective April 22, 2025?
A) Section 194Q.
B) Section 194C.
C) Section 206C.
D) Section 195.
E) Section 80C.
Answer: C) Section 206C.

Event and Location:

• Event: Implementation of 1% TCS on luxury goods exceeding ₹10 lakh.
• Date: April 22, 2025.
• Location: Nationwide (India).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Introduce Tax Collected at Source (TCS) on high-value purchases to curb tax evasion and improve fiscal tracking.
• Objective: Ensure financial transparency and create a verifiable audit trail for luxury transactions.
• Objective: Strengthen tax compliance and prevent the use of unaccounted income for lavish spending.

Important Terms Explained:

• TCS (Tax Collected at Source): A tax collected by the seller at the time of sale of certain goods, which is then deposited with the government against the buyer’s PAN.
• Section 206C: A provision under the Income Tax Act that mandates sellers to collect 1% TCS on the sale of specific high-value luxury goods when the sale price exceeds ₹10 lakh.
• Luxury Goods Covered: Includes designer watches, handbags, premium footwear, paintings, rare collectibles, private yachts, helicopters, home theatre systems, and even racehorses.
• Form 26AS: A consolidated tax statement reflecting TCS and TDS amounts credited to a PAN, viewable through the Income Tax portal.
• Claiming TCS: Buyers can claim the collected TCS amount as a tax credit while filing their Income Tax Return (ITR), similar to TDS on salary.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs April 24

8. What was the year-on-year growth rate of India’s core sector output in March 2025?
A) 2.5%.
B) 3.4%.
C) 3.8%.
D) 6.3%.
E) 5.2%.
Answer: C) 3.8%.

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of March 2025 core sector output growth data.
• Date: March 2025 (report published in April 2025).
• Location: India (data released by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Track the performance of key infrastructure sectors that collectively indicate trends in industrial output.
• Objective: Provide insight into economic momentum by analyzing output across eight core industries.
• Objective: Serve as a key input in estimating the overall Index of Industrial Production (IIP) performance.

Important Terms Explained:

• Core Sector Industries: Comprises eight major sectors — coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, fertilizers, steel, cement, and electricity — contributing 40.27% to the IIP.
• Electricity Growth: Recorded a 6.2% increase in March 2025 due to early summer and heatwaves boosting demand.
• Steel and Cement: Strong performance with 7.1% and 11.6% growth respectively, supported by public and private infrastructure investment.
• Natural Gas Output: Fell 12.7%, marking nine months of contraction due to increased reliance on imports and weak prices.
• Crude Oil Output: Declined 1.9%, reversing a positive streak seen in earlier months.
  Refinery Products: Posted marginal growth of 0.2% because of weak export demand and low global oil prices.
• IIP (Index of Industrial Production): An important indicator of industrial activity; core sector output heavily influences its trajectory.
• ICRA & BoB IIP Growth Forecast: Estimated overall IIP growth in the 3.0%–4.5% range based on core sector performance.

Tabular Summary:

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Appointments – Daily Current Affairs April 24

9. When will T. Rabi Sankar’s renewed tenure as Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India begin?
A) April 1, 2025.
B) May 3, 2025.
C) June 15, 2025.
D) March 31, 2025.
E) July 1, 2025.
Answer: B) May 3, 2025.

Event and Location:

• Event: Re-appointment of T. Rabi Sankar as Deputy Governor of RBI.
• Date: May 3, 2025.
• Location: Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To ensure continuity in key monetary and fiscal functions at the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
• Objective: Maintain stability in foreign exchange, currency management, and government accounts through experienced leadership.
• Objective: Support the RBI’s mission in navigating emerging financial challenges and fostering economic resilience.

Important Terms Explained:

• T. Rabi Sankar: Senior central banker re-appointed as Deputy Governor of the RBI, first appointed in May 2021, and now continuing through a second extension.
• Deputy Governor of RBI: A top executive role at the RBI, responsible for managing crucial domains including foreign exchange regulation, currency issuance, and government banking operations.
• Foreign Exchange Management: Involves maintaining external sector stability, currency reserves, and exchange rate policies.
• Currency Management: Covers issuance, distribution, and withdrawal of currency notes and ensuring adequate cash flow across the country.
• Government Accounts: RBI maintains the central and state government accounts, ensuring transparency and fiscal discipline.
• RBI Re-Appointments: Deputies may be re-appointed based on performance and policy alignment, ensuring leadership continuity in monetary policymaking.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs April 24

10. Who was awarded the Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award 2025 for contributions to education and social empowerment?
A) Sonam Wangchuk.
B) Kailash Satyarthi.
C) Achyuta Samanta.
D) Anand Kumar.
E) Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak.
Answer: C) Achyuta Samanta.

Event and Location:

• Event: Presentation of the Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award 2025.
• Date: April 2025 (on the occasion of the 166th birth anniversary of Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma).
• Location: Kokrajhar, Assam.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To recognize significant contributions in the fields of education and societal development.
• Objective: Honor individuals who work towards social empowerment and community upliftment through knowledge.
• Objective: Keep alive the legacy of Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma by acknowledging those who emulate his reformist spirit.

Important Terms Explained:

• Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Award: An award instituted by the Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma Trust, presented annually to individuals making exceptional contributions to education and social upliftment.
• Achyuta Samanta: Founder of KIIT and KISS, known for providing free, quality education, accommodation, and healthcare to thousands of tribal and underprivileged students across India.
• KIIT (Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology): A multidisciplinary university in Odisha offering advanced technical and professional education.
• KISS (Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences): A unique institution offering free education, food, and healthcare to tribal children in India.
• Gesture of Generosity: Achyuta Samanta donated the ₹1 lakh cash prize back to the Trust, reflecting his continued support for social causes.
• Gurudev Kalicharan Brahma: Revered as the “Mech Gandhi of Assam”, he was a prominent Bodo spiritual leader and reformer who championed the spread of education and social reform in the Bodo community.

Tabular Summary:

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11. Which of the following organizations was honored in the 2025 Yashraj Bharti Samman Awards for its work in education?
A) Jan Swasthya Sahayog.
B) National Informatics Centre.
C) ASER Centre.
D) Pratham Education Foundation.
E) NITI Aayog.
Answer: D) Pratham Education Foundation.

Event and Location:

• Event: Presentation of the Yashraj Bharti Samman Awards 2025.
• Date: April 2025.
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To recognize and honor outstanding grassroots-level contributions in healthcare, education, and governance.
• Objective: Promote and reward impactful work in underserved and rural communities, encouraging broader social development.
• Objective: Support innovation in public service delivery and educational outcomes for sustainable progress.

Important Terms Explained:

• Yashraj Bharti Samman: A prestigious state-level award initiated to honor individuals and organizations for exemplary grassroots work in public welfare, focusing on healthcare, education, and governance.
• Jan Swasthya Sahayog: A Chhattisgarh-based non-profit recognized for providing equity-driven, affordable healthcare in tribal and remote regions.
• Pratham Education Foundation: A leading NGO awarded for pioneering efforts in education for sustainable development, and well-known for its ASER report that tracks learning outcomes in India.
• Services Plus (NIC): A digital governance initiative by the National Informatics Centre, awarded for its role in improving e-governance and providing citizen-centric services transparently.
• C.P. Radhakrishnan: The Governor of Maharashtra, who presented the awards and emphasized improving education, healthcare, and ethical governance.
• Amitabh Kant: India’s G-20 Sherpa, present as a key dignitary at the ceremony.
• Dilip Walse Patil: Former Speaker of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, also in attendance.

Tabular Summary:

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12. Which actress is set to receive the inaugural Global Vanguard Honor at the 4th Annual Gold House Gold Gala in 2025?
A) Lucy Liu.
B) Awkwafina.
C) Priyanka Chopra.
D) Sandra Oh.
E) Michelle Yeoh.
Answer: C) Priyanka Chopra.

Event and Location:

• Event: 4th Annual Gold House Gold Gala.
• Date: May 10, 2025.
• Location: Music Centre, Downtown Los Angeles, USA.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Celebrate global cultural leaders who have advanced Asian Pacific representation and cross-cultural influence.
• Objective: Honor trailblazers across industries who have broken barriers and opened paths for future generations.
• Objective: Highlight achievements that foster inclusivity, innovation, and cross-cultural understanding in mainstream society.

Important Terms Explained:

• Gold House Gold Gala: A prestigious cultural event hosted by Gold House, recognizing Asian Pacific changemakers and allies for their contributions to global culture.
• Global Vanguard Honor: An inaugural award being presented to Priyanka Chopra for her 25-year career in both Bollywood and Hollywood, and her advocacy for underrepresented communities.
• “First Light” Theme: Symbolizes those who were the first to break new ground in their field, igniting change not just for themselves, but for entire communities.
• A100 List: An annual list released by Gold House to honor the top 100 Asian Pacific personalities making a global impact in business, entertainment, media, and more.
• Bing Chen: CEO of Gold House, who emphasized the gala as a launchpad for the next wave of cultural influence.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs April 24

13. Where was the world’s first Humanoid Robot Half-Marathon held on April 19, 2025?
A) Tokyo, Japan.
B) Seoul, South Korea.
C) San Francisco, USA.
D) Berlin, Germany.
E) Beijing, China.
Answer: E) Beijing, China.

Event and Location:

• Event: Humanoid Robot Half-Marathon.
• Date: April 19, 2025.
• Location: Beijing, China.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Showcase the growing capabilities of humanoid robotics and their integration into real-world human activities.
• Objective: Promote innovation in robotics and artificial intelligence through public demonstration.
• Objective: Raise awareness and provoke discussion on the societal and ethical implications of robotics in everyday life.

Important Terms Explained:

• Humanoid Robot Half-Marathon: The first event of its kind where humanoid robots competed alongside human runners on a dedicated marathon course in Beijing.
• Tiangong Ultra: The fastest robot participant in the event, completing the half-marathon in 2 hours and 40 minutes.
• Engineering Teams: 20 teams that designed, built, and managed robot participants with varying heights and designs.
• Pit Stops: Dedicated stations for robots to change batteries and receive engineering support during the race.
• Humanness in Design: Many robots were dressed in human-like attire such as shoes, headbands, and boxing gloves, and some featured facial expressions like winking or smiling.
• Public Reaction: Ranged from enthusiastic support as a symbol of AI progress to skepticism regarding the practicality of humanoid robots in such roles.
• China’s Tech Vision: This event aligns with China’s push to become a global leader in AI and robotics, as part of its long-term economic and industrial strategy.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 24

14. Who received a ceremonial Guard of Honour at Palam Airport during their first official visit to India in April 2025?
A) Antony Blinken.
B) Kamala Harris.
C) JD Vance.
D) Joe Biden.
E) Lloyd Austin.
Answer: C) JD Vance.

Event and Location:

• Event: First official visit of US Vice President JD Vance to India with ceremonial Guard of Honour.
• Date: April 21, 2025.
• Location: Palam Airport, New Delhi.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Strengthen the bilateral relationship between India and the United States.
• Objective: Expand cooperation in trade, defence, and strategic affairs.
• Objective: Explore possibilities for future agreements and deepen diplomatic ties through high-level meetings.

Important Terms Explained:

• JD Vance: Vice President of the United States, making his first official visit to India in April 2025.
• Guard of Honour: A formal military salute and ceremonial welcome extended to visiting dignitaries.
• Usha Vance: Second Lady of the United States, accompanying JD Vance on his diplomatic visit.
• Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw: Minister who officially received JD Vance at Palam Airport, symbolizing India’s warm diplomatic gesture.
• Bilateral Relations: The visit focused on reinforcing India-US ties across sectors like trade, defence, and economic partnerships.
• High-Level Meeting: JD Vance held discussions with Prime Minister Narendra Modi on April 21, 2025, at 6:30 PM at 7, Lok Kalyan Marg.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Which significant treaty between India and Pakistan was officially terminated by India in April 2025?
A) Shimla Agreement.
B) Lahore Declaration.
C) Tashkent Agreement.
D) Indus Water Treaty.
E) SAFTA Agreement.
Answer: D) Indus Water Treaty.

Event and Location:

• Event: Termination of the Indus Water Treaty and diplomatic disengagement with Pakistan.
• Date: April 23, 2025.
• Location: India–Pakistan border and diplomatic channels globally.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To revoke diplomatic and cooperative agreements with Pakistan in response to continued cross-border security threats.
• Objective: Assert hydro-sovereignty over the Indus basin and reinforce a strategic shift toward coercive diplomacy.
• Objective: Suspend all forms of bilateral civilian, diplomatic, and military engagement with Pakistan.

Important Terms Explained:

• Indus Water Treaty (IWT): A 1960 water-sharing agreement mediated by the World Bank between India and Pakistan, which allocated the eastern rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India and the western rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan. Termination marks the collapse of one of the world’s longest-standing bilateral water accords.
• Atari-Wagah Border Closure: The sealing of the primary land border between India and Pakistan, effectively halting trade, cultural exchanges, and civilian transit.
• Visa Suspension: India suspended all visa categories for Pakistani nationals, cutting off legal travel and contact.
• Defence Diplomacy Withdrawal: Both countries withdrew military advisors, ending communication channels typically used during crises or ceasefire talks.
• Hydro-Sovereignty: The concept of a nation exercising full control over its water resources, particularly significant in transboundary water management.
• Strategic Recalibration: A shift in foreign policy focus, where non-military, coercive tools such as treaty withdrawal and diplomatic isolation are used to address security concerns.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 24

16. Which company released ₹269.97 crore as land compensation for the 3,097 MW Etalin Hydro Power Project in Arunachal Pradesh?
A) NHPC Ltd
B) NTPC Ltd
C) Power Grid Corporation
D) SJVN Ltd
E) THDC India Ltd
Answer: D) SJVN Ltd

Event and Location:

• Event: Release of land compensation for Etalin Hydro Power Project
• Date: March 26, 2025
• Location: Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: To facilitate land acquisition for the Etalin Hydro Electric Project by providing due compensation
• Objective: Support India’s renewable energy goals and accelerate hydroelectric development in the Northeastern region
• Objective: Promote inclusive development and ensure rights of local communities are respected

Important Terms Explained:

• SJVN Ltd (Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam): A public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Power, engaged in hydro, wind, and solar power development.
• Etalin Hydro Electric Project: A 3,097 MW hydro power project involving construction of two dams on the Dri and Talo (Tangon) rivers, with an underground powerhouse, scheduled for completion by December 2033.
• Land Compensation: Payment of ₹269.97 crore made to a joint account of the Deputy Commissioner and District Land Revenue and Settlement Officer for fair compensation to landowners.
• MoA (Memorandum of Agreement): Agreement signed in August 2023 between SJVN Ltd and the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, covering the Etalin project and four other hydro projects totaling 5,097 MW with an estimated investment of ₹60,000 crore.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which program was launched by MSDE in collaboration with Microsoft to train women in AI from Tier-II and Tier-III towns?
A) Digital Sakhi Initiative.
B) Women in Tech Fellowship.
C) AI Careers for Women.
D) Shakti in AI Program.
E) Bharat Tech Women Scheme.
Answer: C) AI Careers for Women.

Event and Location:

• Event: Launch of the ‘AI Careers for Women’ initiative.
• Date: April 22, 2025.
• Location: Nationwide (focus on six Indian states with Tier-II and Tier-III towns).

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Promote gender inclusivity in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital technology.
• Objective: Train 20,000 women from less urbanized areas to prepare them for careers in AI.
• Objective: Encourage leadership, innovation, and entrepreneurship among rural and underrepresented women.

Important Terms Explained:

• MSDE (Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship): A central ministry of the Government of India, responsible for coordinating skill development efforts across the country.
• Microsoft: A global technology company partnering with MSDE to drive digital empowerment through AI training.
• AI Careers for Women: A joint initiative by MSDE and Microsoft aimed at empowering 20,000 women through AI skills training.
• NCVET (National Council for Vocational Education and Training): A regulatory body that helped align the AI training curriculum with industry needs.
• Edunet Foundation: The implementing partner responsible for executing the program across institutions and centers.
• Hub-and-Spoke Model: A delivery model used in the program, featuring 30 Centres of Excellence (CoEs) and 150 spoke centers for widespread training coverage.
• NEP (National Education Policy): The program integrates training with the academic curriculum, supporting interdisciplinary learning as encouraged by NEP.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Who inaugurated the ‘Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025’ in Agartala on April 21, 2025?
A) Bikash Debbarma.
B) Shuklacharan Noatia.
C) Deepak Majumder.
D) Manik Saha.
E) Biswajit Shil.
Answer: D) Manik Saha.

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration of ‘Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav 2025’.
• Date: April 21, 2025.
• Location: Swami Vivekananda Maidan, Agartala, Tripura.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Promote and preserve the cultural heritage of Tripura’s indigenous communities.
• Objective: Celebrate Garia Puja, a traditional tribal festival, to encourage cultural awareness and social unity.
• Objective: Showcase traditional art, dance, and cuisine of the Tripuri and Reang communities.

Important Terms Explained:

• Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav: A two-day cultural festival in Tripura, celebrating the new year and Garia Puja, a tribal festival dedicated to Mahadev (Lord Shiva).
• Garia Puja: A sacred ritual of the Kokborok-speaking Tripuri and Reang tribes, performed to seek blessings for peace, happiness, and agricultural prosperity.
• Tripuri and Reang Communities: Indigenous tribes of Tripura known for rich cultural traditions, including dance, music, and festive rituals.
• Traditional Performances: Dances and songs such as Caria, Cajan, Mamita, Lebang Boomani, and Rabindra Sangeet that celebrate tribal folklore and seasonal cycles.
• Manik Saha: Chief Minister of Tripura, who inaugurated the festival and praised Garia Puja’s cultural importance, likening it to Durga Puja in Bengali communities.
• Organizing Bodies: The festival was organized by the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs, with support from various state and municipal bodies.

Tabular Summary:

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19. Who inaugurated the Mumbai International Cruise Terminal (MICT), India’s largest cruise terminal, in April 2025?
A) Nitin Gadkari.
B) Hardeep Singh Puri.
C) Sarbananda Sonowal.
D) Jyotiraditya Scindia.
E) Amit Shah.
Answer: C) Sarbananda Sonowal.

Event and Location:

• Event: Inauguration and commencement of operations of Mumbai International Cruise Terminal (MICT).
• Date: April 21, 2025.
• Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra.

Mandates and Objectives:

• Mandate: Strengthen India’s position in global cruise tourism and modernize its maritime infrastructure.
• Objective: Provide world-class cruise facilities and boost tourist inflow to Mumbai and the western coast.
• Objective: Support the government’s Sagarmala Programme by improving port infrastructure and trade connectivity.

Important Terms Explained:

• Mumbai International Cruise Terminal (MICT): India’s largest cruise terminal, located in Mumbai, capable of handling 1 million passengers annually and five cruise ships at once.
• Sarbananda Sonowal: Union Minister for Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, who inaugurated the MICT on April 21, 2025.
• Vadhavan Port Development: A parallel port infrastructure initiative involving investment of over ₹5,700 crores, focused on creating container, bulk, and liquid cargo terminals.
• Sagarmala Programme: A Government of India initiative aimed at enhancing the performance of the country’s logistics sector through port-led development.
• Terminal Specifications: The terminal has a draft of 11 meters, and it can accommodate ships up to 300 meters in length.

Tabular Summary:

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Over All Review

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