Daily Current Affairs April 11

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April 11 | Daily Current Affairs 2025

Important Days – Daily Current Affairs April 11

1. Which of the following is the official symbol of World Parkinson’s Day observed annually on April 11?
A) White rose
B) Blue ribbon
C) Red tulip
D) Purple lotus
E) Green leaf
Answer: C) Red tulip

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Observation of World Parkinson’s Day 2025
• Date: April 11, 2025
• Location: Global

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Day: To spread awareness about Parkinson’s Disease, promote early diagnosis, and support ongoing research.
• Focus for 2025: Emphasis on exercise and movement as critical components of Parkinson’s management.
• Organizing Body: First declared in 1997 by Parkinson’s Europe in collaboration with World Health Organization (WHO).
• Historical Significance: April 11 marks the birth anniversary of Dr. James Parkinson, who first described the disease in 1817.
• Symbolism: The red tulip represents hope, unity, and strength for those affected by Parkinson’s globally.

Important Terms Explained:

• Parkinson’s Disease: A neurodegenerative disorder that progressively affects a person’s ability to move, think, and feel.
• Substantia Nigra: A region in the brain where dopamine-producing neurons deteriorate, causing symptoms of Parkinson’s.
• Bradykinesia: Refers to the slowness of movement, a common motor symptom in Parkinson’s patients.
• Levodopa-Carbidopa: The most effective medication to treat motor symptoms by replenishing brain dopamine levels.
• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): A surgical treatment for advanced Parkinson’s that involves implanting electrodes in the brain.

Tabular Summary:

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2. Which of the following themes was adopted for National Safe Motherhood Day 2025?
A) “Every Mother Matters”
B) “Safe Mothers, Strong Nation”
C) “Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures”
D) “Empowering Women, Saving Lives”
E) “Mothers First, Always”
Answer: C) “Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures”

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Observation of National Safe Motherhood Day 2025
• Date: April 11, 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Day Significance: National Safe Motherhood Day is observed to raise awareness on maternal health and care and is commemorated on the birth anniversary of Kasturba Gandhi.
• Established By: The day was initiated in 2003 by the White Ribbon Alliance India (WRAI).
• Theme of 2025: “Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures” with a focus on promoting accessible and quality maternal healthcare from the beginning of pregnancy.

Key Objectives:

• Awareness Promotion: Raise public understanding of maternal rights and healthcare.
• Access to Services: Ensure timely and adequate prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care.
• Mortality Prevention: Address causes of maternal deaths through safe childbirth practices.
• Nutrition Focus: Combat malnutrition during pregnancy for healthier outcomes.
• Empowerment: Enhance health literacy and decision-making among women.
• Skilled Assistance: Advocate for trained birth attendants at all delivery points.

Important Terms Explained:

• National Safe Motherhood Day: An Indian national observance focusing on maternal safety, healthcare access, and the empowerment of women through better health practices.
• Kasturba Gandhi: Wife of Mahatma Gandhi, commemorated for her commitment to women’s welfare and whose birth anniversary marks the observance of this day.
• White Ribbon Alliance India (WRAI): A civil society movement that advocates for the health and rights of women, particularly in reproductive and maternal healthcare.
• Skilled Birth Attendance: The presence of trained health professionals during delivery to reduce risk and complications.
• Postnatal Care: Healthcare provided to the mother and newborn immediately after birth to prevent complications and promote recovery.

Tabular Summary:

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Sports – Daily Current Affairs April 11

3. Which country has emerged as the sole valid bidder to host the 2035 FIFA Women’s World Cup, as confirmed by FIFA?
A) United States
B) Australia
C) Spain
D) United Kingdom
E) Morocco
Answer: D) United Kingdom

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: UK confirmed as sole bidder for 2035 FIFA Women’s World Cup
• Date: April 2025
• Location: United Kingdom

Mandates and Objectives:

• Host Confirmation: FIFA President Gianni Infantino announced that the United Kingdom is the only valid bidder for the 2035 FIFA Women’s World Cup.
• Bidding Nations: The bid is a joint submission by the four home nations—England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
• Rotation Policy: According to FIFA’s continental rotation policy, the 2035 edition must be hosted in Europe or Africa, which favored the UK bid.
• Deadline Status: Despite initial interest from Spain, Portugal, and Morocco, no other formal bids were submitted before the deadline.
• Final Decision: FIFA will make its official confirmation at the FIFA Congress in 2026, following the formal bid submission in winter 2025.
• Tournament Expansion: FIFA has expanded the format to 48 teams starting with the 2031 edition, which is likely to be retained for 2035.
• Legacy and Hosting History: This would be the UK’s first time hosting the FIFA Women’s World Cup, following the success of UEFA Women’s Euro 2022.

Important Terms Explained:

• FIFA Women’s World Cup: The premier international women’s football tournament organized every four years by FIFA.
• FIFA Congress: The supreme legislative body of FIFA where major decisions, including tournament hosts, are confirmed.
• Continental Rotation Policy: A FIFA guideline that rotates tournament hosting across different continents to ensure equal global participation.
• Wembley Stadium: Iconic stadium in London expected to host the final match of the 2035 tournament.

Tabular Summary:

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Business and Economy – Daily Current Affairs April 11

4. Which of the following GDP growth rates has been projected for India by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for FY2025?
A) 6.5%
B) 6.8%
C) 6.4%
D) 6.7%
E) 7.0%
Answer: D) 6.7%

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: ADB projection of India’s GDP growth in Asian Development Outlook April 2025
• Date: April 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Projection Authority: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) released the GDP forecast in its Asian Development Outlook (ADO) April 2025 report.
• Purpose of Projection: To assess India’s economic performance for FY2025 and FY2026, highlighting growth momentum, policy support, and risks from global factors.
• FY2025 Forecast: ADB projected 6.7% GDP growth for India in FY2025.
• FY2026 Forecast: ADB forecasted a 6.8% GDP growth for FY2026.
• RBI Estimate: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) revised its own projection down to 6.5% for FY2025, citing global trade and policy uncertainties.
• Growth Drivers: Higher domestic demand, rising rural income, moderating inflation, and policy measures including tax cuts and repo rate reductions.

Policy Actions:

• Income Tax Cuts for the middle class.
• Repo Rate Cut of 50 basis points over two monetary policy meetings.
• Current Repo Rate: Reduced to 6%.

Important Terms Explained:

• Asian Development Bank (ADB): A regional development bank that provides financial and technical assistance to its member countries in the Asia-Pacific region.
• Asian Development Outlook (ADO): A flagship economic publication by ADB that presents macroeconomic analysis and forecasts for ADB’s developing member countries.
• Repo Rate: The rate at which RBI lends to commercial banks. A cut in repo rate lowers borrowing costs and stimulates investment and consumption.
• GDP (Gross Domestic Product): A measure of a country’s economic output and performance over a given period.
• Inflation Rate: The rate at which general prices for goods and services rise. Lower inflation generally boosts consumer confidence and spending.

Tabular Summary:

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5. Which range is being projected by economists for the repo rate by December 2025 according to the article?
A) 4.5% – 5%
B) 6% – 6.5%
C) 5.25% – 5.5%
D) 4% – 4.5%
E) 6.5% – 7%
Answer: C) 5.25% – 5.5%

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Repo rate projected to decline amid global uncertainties
• Date: April 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Objective of Rate Forecasting: Economists are assessing future monetary policy direction based on global uncertainties, growth risks, and inflation trends. The projections are meant to anticipate the RBI’s stance on interest rate movements to support economic stability.
• Monetary Policy View:
  • Economists are expecting a terminal repo rate between 5.25% and 5.5% by December 2025.
  • Some even forecast a slightly deeper cycle, with a terminal rate of 5%, depending on inflation and economic performance.
• Reason for Rate Cut Expectations:
  • Easing inflation
  • Slowing global growth
  • Accommodative shift in RBI’s monetary policy
  • Improved liquidity conditions

Important Terms Explained:

• Repo Rate: The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lends short-term funds to commercial banks. It is a critical tool to control liquidity, inflation, and economic growth.
• Terminal Rate: The end-point of a rate-hiking or cutting cycle, indicating the likely lowest or highest level the repo rate will reach during a specific monetary phase.
• Accommodative Policy: A monetary policy stance that supports economic growth, usually by lowering interest rates or injecting more liquidity.

Tabular Summary:

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Awards – Daily Current Affairs April 11

6. Which police department received the SKOCH Award 2025 for its digital Investigation, Prosecution and Conviction Portal?
A) Delhi Police
B) Maharashtra Police
C) Karnataka Police
D) Uttar Pradesh Police
E) Tamil Nadu Police
Answer: D) Uttar Pradesh Police

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: UP Police Investigation Portal wins SKOCH Award for Police & Safety
• Date: April 9, 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Award Purpose: The SKOCH Award recognized UP Police’s Investigation, Prosecution and Conviction Portal for enhancing transparency, accountability, and efficiency in criminal investigations.
• Objective of the Portal: To streamline the entire investigation lifecycle including monitoring serious crimes, tracking case progress, and accelerating court trials through a digital platform.
• Core Goal: Facilitate timely chargesheet filing, faster convictions, and restore public confidence in law enforcement.
• Tech Development: The portal was developed by the Technical Services Unit of UP Police to promote data-driven policing.

Important Terms Explained:

• SKOCH Award: A prestigious Indian award recognizing excellence in governance, technology, finance, and social impact sectors.
• POCSO Act: The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act aims to protect minors from sexual assault and harassment.
• Data-driven policing: Use of digital tools and data analytics to enhance policing effectiveness and decision-making.
• Chargesheet Filing: A formal document of accusation submitted to the court, which the portal helps expedite.

Tabular Summary:

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7. Which international university conferred an honorary doctorate on President Droupadi Murmu in April 2025?
A) Charles University, Czech Republic
B) University of Coimbra, Portugal
C) Constantine The Philosopher University, Slovakia
D) University of Vienna, Austria
E) University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
Answer: C) Constantine The Philosopher University, Slovakia

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: President Droupadi Murmu conferred honorary doctorate during state visit
• Date: April 2025
• Location: Nitra, Slovakia

Mandates and Objectives:

• Honorary Recognition: President Droupadi Murmu received an Honorary Doctorate from Constantine The Philosopher University in Slovakia for her distinguished contributions to public life.
• Purpose of the Honor: To acknowledge her commitment to social justice, inclusive governance, women’s empowerment, and cultural-linguistic preservation.
• Diplomatic Significance: The event marks a symbol of growing respect for India’s leadership, democratic values, and its global image.
• Focus of Her Speech: President Murmu emphasized education as a key to empowerment, expressed gratitude to the people of India, and highlighted her work in preserving indigenous languages like Santhali.

Important Terms Explained:

• Honorary Doctorate: A prestigious academic recognition awarded without the requirement of academic coursework, honoring an individual’s exceptional contributions to society.
• Constantine The Philosopher University: A Slovak public university known for promoting democracy, education, and international understanding, and named after Saint Constantine Cyril, a key figure in Slavic cultural history.
• Santhali Language: A recognized scheduled tribal language in India, promoted by President Murmu as part of her efforts to preserve cultural diversity.

Tabular Summary:

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8. Which award is often referred to as the “Oscars of Science” and was presented in Santa Monica in April 2025?
A) Abel Prize
B) Kavli Prize
C) Breakthrough Prize
D) Fields Medal
E) Lasker Award
Answer: C) Breakthrough Prize

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: 11th Breakthrough Prize Ceremony held to honor global scientific excellence
• Date: April 5, 2025
• Location: Santa Monica, California, United States

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Award: The Breakthrough Prize celebrates transformative advancements in Life Sciences, Fundamental Physics, and Mathematics to elevate the visibility of scientists, inspire innovation, and recognize scientific excellence.
• Founders: The prize was established in 2013 by prominent tech and philanthropic leaders including Mark Zuckerberg, Priscilla Chan, Sergey Brin, Anne Wojcicki, Yuri Milner, and Julia Milner.
• Award Objective: To provide substantial monetary awards to top scientists and researchers and draw public attention to their critical contributions.
• Prize Amounts: Six prizes of $3 million each, in addition to New Horizons Prizes and Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prizes for emerging and women researchers.

Important Terms Explained:

• GLP-1 Hormone: A hormone targeted in diabetes and obesity treatments, leading to drugs like Ozempic and Wegovy; discovered by awardees in Life Sciences.
• Higgs Boson: A fundamental particle discovered at CERN; explains how particles acquire mass and was central to this year’s Physics award.
• Geometric Langlands Conjecture: A major unsolved problem in mathematics, resolved by Dennis Gaitsgory using derived algebraic geometry.
• Maryam Mirzakhani New Frontiers Prize: An award named after the first woman to win the Fields Medal, given to early-career women mathematicians.
• CERN Collaborations (LHC): Global physics teams including ATLAS, CMS, ALICE, and LHCb working on Large Hadron Collider experiments.

Tabular Summary:

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9. Which new award category will be introduced at the 100th Academy Awards to recognize the work of stunt professionals?
A) Best Visual Effects Coordination
B) Best Action Choreography
C) Best Stunt Design
D) Best Physical Performance
E) Best Motion Capture Acting
Answer: C) Best Stunt Design

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Announcement of Best Stunt Design category for 100th Academy Awards
• Date: April 2025 (for films released in 2027, awarded in 2028)
• Location: United States (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Category: The Best Stunt Design award is being introduced to formally recognize stunt professionals for their contributions to modern filmmaking.
• Year of Debut: The category will debut at the 100th Academy Awards in 2028, honoring films released in 2027.
• Objective: To highlight the innovation, creativity, and physical artistry involved in crafting action and stunt sequences, long considered essential yet underappreciated in cinema.
• Recognition Type: The award will acknowledge stunt teams as a collective rather than individual performers, recognizing the collaborative nature of action design.

Important Terms Explained:

• Academy Awards (Oscars): Annual awards presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to honor excellence in cinematic achievements.
• Stunt Design: The creative and technical planning of action sequences, including fight choreography, car chases, and high-risk physical performances.
• David Leitch: A former stuntman turned film director (Deadpool 2, Bullet Train) who advocated for the inclusion of this category.
• Chris O’Hara: A veteran stunt coordinator and collaborator with Leitch in lobbying for formal stunt recognition.
• Chad Stahelski: Director of the John Wick franchise and vocal supporter of recognizing stunt teams over individuals.
• Jeff Wolfe: President of the Stuntmen’s Association, who called this a historic win for the stunt community.

Tabular Summary:

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Science and Technology – Daily Current Affairs April 11

10. Which country has built the world’s first 3D-printed train station, completed in under six hours?
A) South Korea
B) China
C) Germany
D) Japan
E) United States
Answer: D) Japan

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Construction of the world’s first 3D-printed train station
• Date: April 2025
• Location: Arida City, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan

Mandates and Objectives:

• Project Goal: To showcase a cost-effective, rapid, and scalable infrastructure solution through 3D printing technology in the public transport sector.
• Innovation Intent: Address labor shortages and rising construction costs in Japan, especially in rural areas, by shifting to automated and modular construction.
• Key Objective: Reduce construction time and disruption to railway services by completing overnight assembly.
• Construction Efficiency: The station was constructed using prefabricated, 3D-printed segments assembled in under six hours.

Important Terms Explained:

• West Japan Railway Company (JR West): One of the major railway companies in Japan, operating in the western part of the country.
• Serendix: A Japanese construction tech firm specializing in 3D-printed structures and prefabricated building technologies.
• 3D Printing in Construction: A modern method using computer-aided design and layering materials to create structures faster and with fewer resources.
• Prefabrication: Manufacturing building components off-site in a controlled environment before transporting them to the construction site.

Tabular Summary:

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International Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 11

11. Which country received a USD 990,000 grant from India under a UN-backed project to support persons with disabilities?
A) Ghana
B) Kenya
C) Nigeria
D) Sierra Leone
E) Tanzania
Answer: D) Sierra Leone

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: India pledges USD 990,000 to Sierra Leone under UN Partnership
• Date: April 2025
• Location: Sierra Leone

Mandates and Objectives:

• Financial Assistance: India has extended a USD 990,000 grant to Sierra Leone for a project titled “Enabling Economic Independence for Specially Abled Persons in Sierra Leone”.
• Project Implementation: The initiative is supported through the India-UN Development Partnership Fund and executed in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• Project Objective: To promote sustainable livelihoods and economic independence for persons with disabilities, particularly in rural regions of Sierra Leone.

Main Components of the Project:

• Training Centers: Refurbishment of dedicated skill training centers for differently abled persons.
• Skill Development: Creation of customized training curricula in priority employment sectors.
• Technology Use: Enhanced mobility and access to social services through technology adoption.
• Financial Access: Introduction of loan schemes for tools, materials, and work-related equipment.
• Cooperative Formation: Establishment of rural work cooperatives to facilitate collective livelihoods.

Important Terms Explained:

• India-UN Development Partnership Fund:
  • Launched in June 2017 by the Government of India.
  • Supports sustainable development projects in developing countries, especially least developed countries and small island developing states.
• UNDP (United Nations Development Programme):
  • UN’s global development network focused on eliminating poverty, promoting democratic governance, and building resilience.
• South-South Cooperation:
  • Collaborative development strategy between countries of the Global South, promoting knowledge sharing, resources, and technology exchange.
• e-VBAB (Pan-African e-Network):
  • India’s tele-education initiative under which over 450 Sierra Leonean students have studied via Indian universities.
• ITEC (Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation):
  • India’s flagship development assistance programme offering training and capacity-building.
• ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations):
  • Provides scholarships to international students for higher education in Indian institutions.

Tabular Summary:

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National Affairs – Daily Current Affairs April 11

12. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Modernization of Command Area Development and Water Management (M-CADWM) sub-scheme approved by the Union Cabinet?
A) It is implemented as an independent scheme without relation to PMKSY
B) It targets farmers with land holdings of more than 5 hectares
C) It excludes the use of any modern technology for irrigation
D) It uses SCADA and IoT for water accounting and real-time management
E) It will not involve community participation through Water User Societies
Answer: D) It uses SCADA and IoT for water accounting and real-time management

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Cabinet approval of M-CADWM sub-scheme
• Date: April 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Parent Scheme: Implemented as a sub-scheme of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY).
• Scheme Duration: The scheme will be operational during 2025–2026.
• Total Outlay: The government has approved a budget of ₹1,600 crore for the scheme.
• Primary Goal: To modernize existing irrigation water supply networks and enhance Water Use Efficiency (WUE).
• Infrastructure Focus: Development of backend infrastructure using pressurized underground piping systems.
• Farmer Benefit: The scheme is targeted towards farmers owning up to 1 hectare of irrigated land.
• Technology Integration: Use of SCADA and IoT for real-time water accounting and farm-level water management.
• Implementation Strategy: The sub-scheme will be implemented through pilot projects across various agro-climatic zones using a challenge funding model.
• Sustainability Approach: Introduction of Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT) to Water User Societies (WUS), supported for five years.
• Institutional Linkages: WUS will be connected with Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS).
• Youth Engagement: The scheme aims to encourage youth participation in agriculture through modern irrigation techniques.
• Future Vision: A comprehensive National Plan for CADWM will be launched from April 2026 under the 16th Finance Commission.

Important Terms Explained:

• Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY): A central scheme launched to improve irrigation coverage and water use efficiency through various interventions.
• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition): A real-time monitoring and control system for efficient water distribution in irrigation networks.
• IoT (Internet of Things): A network of devices connected through the internet to collect data and enhance smart irrigation practices.
• Water Use Efficiency (WUE): A measure of crop yield obtained per unit of water used; critical for sustainable water resource management.
• Irrigation Management Transfer (IMT): The process of transferring control of irrigation systems from the government to local Water User Societies for better efficiency.
• FPOs (Farmer Producer Organizations): Farmer-based organizations aimed at improving market access, production, and profitability.
• PACS (Primary Agricultural Credit Societies): Cooperative institutions that provide credit and input services at the village level.

Tabular Summary:

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13. Which of the following states had the highest number of Front Runner Gram Panchayats as per the first Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) Report for FY 2022–23?
A) Telangana
B) Maharashtra
C) Gujarat
D) Uttar Pradesh
E) Madhya Pradesh
Answer: C) Gujarat

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Release of first Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) Report
• Date: April 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Index: The Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) was launched to assess and promote data-based governance and developmental accountability at the Gram Panchayat level.
• Main Objective: The aim is to promote evidence-based planning, support rural development, and foster a competitive and inclusive governance environment.
• Performance Categories: Panchayats were categorized into five performance groups — Front Runners, Performers, Aspirants, Beginners, and Achievers — based on LSDG indicators.
• Index Year: The first report was released for the financial year 2022–23.
• Planning Support: The results will aid in creating Strategic Development Plans (SDPs) for Panchayats and help shape state and national policy decisions.

Important Terms Explained:

• Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI): A framework developed by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj to evaluate the development of Gram Panchayats using measurable indicators.
• Gram Panchayat (GP): The basic unit of local self-government in rural India.
• Localized Sustainable Development Goals (LSDGs): Nine rural-specific thematic goals derived from the global SDGs to assess Panchayat performance.
• National Indicator Framework (NIF): A set of indicators created by MoSPI to measure India’s progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• Strategic Development Plans (SDPs): Medium- to long-term planning documents prepared by Panchayats based on index results to guide local development.

Tabular Summary:

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14. Which town in Maharashtra is being renamed to Ratnapur as part of a cultural reclamation initiative?
A) Osmanabad
B) Khultabad
C) Satara
D) Parbhani
E) Solapur
Answer: B) Khultabad

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Announcement of renaming Khultabad to Ratnapur
• Date: April 8, 2025
• Location: Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar, Maharashtra

Mandates and Objectives:

• Renaming Purpose: The renaming of Khultabad to Ratnapur is part of a broader effort by the Maharashtra government to restore original pre-Mughal place names and reclaim cultural identity.
• Initiative Context: This is a cultural restoration move rather than a political one, aimed at reviving Maratha legacy and indigenous heritage.
• Historical Significance: Ratnapur was the original name of Khultabad before it was changed during the Mughal era.
• Political Involvement: The move is driven by the BJP-Shiv Sena alliance under their mission to promote Maratha history and cultural pride.
• Development Plans: Memorials for Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and Sambhaji Maharaj are proposed to be constructed in the town.

Important Terms Explained:

• Khultabad: A historic town known for its religious significance and as the burial site of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, now being renamed Ratnapur.
• Ratnapur: The ancient name of Khultabad that is being revived to reflect its original identity and local heritage.
• Aurangzeb: Mughal emperor whose tomb is located in Khultabad; now a point of cultural and political contention.
• Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar: The new name of the former Aurangabad district, showing a trend of renaming Mughal-era cities.
• Asaf Jah I: Founder of the Hyderabad Nizam dynasty, also buried in Khultabad along with Azam Shah.

Tabular Summary:

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15. Which city is the focus of the ₹3,880-crore development package recently unveiled by Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
A) Prayagraj
B) Varanasi
C) Lucknow
D) Ayodhya
E) Gorakhpur
Answer: B) Varanasi

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: PM Modi unveils ₹3,880-crore development projects
• Date: April 2025
• Location: Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

Mandates and Objectives:

• Project Goal: The initiative aims to modernize Varanasi with multi-sectoral development while preserving its cultural heritage.
• Infrastructure Development: Over ₹980 crore allocated for road connectivity including flyovers, bridges, and underpasses, improving traffic and access.
• Energy Sector Focus: Over ₹1,820 crore invested in substations and power network expansion across Varanasi, Jaunpur, Chandauli, and Ghazipur.
• Law Enforcement Upgrade: Facilities like new police barracks, administrative buildings, and a transit hostel inaugurated to enhance public safety.
• Educational Advancement: Includes inauguration of polytechnic and government colleges, 356 rural libraries, Anganwadi centres, and smart school renovations.
• Public Services & Beautification: Revamping of Samne Ghat and Shastri Ghat, urban landscaping, and rural drinking water projects under Jal Jeevan Mission.
• MSME & Artisans Support: Foundation for MSME Unity Mall, solar energy projects, and Transport Nagar launched to promote crafts and clean energy.
• Welfare Initiatives: Distribution of Ayushman Vay Vandana health cards and GI certification for traditional products like Tabla, Thandai, Tiranga Barfi.
• Rural Economic Boost: ₹105 crore bonus transferred to milk suppliers of Banas Dairy, supporting the dairy and agriculture sectors.

Important Terms Explained:

• Jal Jeevan Mission: A central government scheme ensuring safe and adequate drinking water to rural households through individual household tap connections.
• Ayushman Vay Vandana Yojana: A health and pension scheme designed specifically for senior citizens, focusing on accessible care and financial protection.
• GI Certificate (Geographical Indication): A tag given to products with a specific geographical origin that have qualities or reputation due to that origin.
• MSME Unity Mall: A government initiative to promote traditional crafts and local products by giving artisans a national platform.

Tabular Summary:

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16. Which Indian city will host the STREE Summit 2025 focusing on women’s safety and empowerment?
A) Bengaluru
B) Mumbai
C) Chennai
D) Hyderabad
E) New Delhi
Answer: D) Hyderabad

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Hyderabad to host STREE Summit 2025 on women’s safety and empowerment
• Date: April 15, 2025
• Location: Hyderabad, Telangana

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of the Summit: The STREE Summit 2025 aims to address safety and security concerns of women, while promoting gender equality and empowerment through a collaborative and actionable approach.
• Organizer: The event is organized by the Hyderabad City Security Council (HCSC), which operates under the leadership of Hyderabad Police Commissioner C.V. Anand.
• Key Objective: To create a platform for dialogue, foster shared learning, and drive sustainable solutions for challenges faced by women in daily life.
• Long-term Vision: According to C. Shekar Reddy, HCSC’s Secretary General, the summit demonstrates a long-term commitment to building a culture of respect and safety for women.

Important Terms Explained:

• HCSC (Hyderabad City Security Council): A public-private partnership that works with citizens and civil society to improve urban safety, especially for vulnerable groups like women and children.
• STREE Summit: A focused initiative aiming at Systematic Training for Respect, Empowerment, and Equality, bringing together experts from various fields to shape inclusive safety strategies.
• Gender Equality: Refers to equal rights, responsibilities, and opportunities for women and men, which the summit aims to promote through collaborative measures.

Tabular Summary:

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17. Which species is the focus of the joint wildlife census being conducted by Kerala and Tamil Nadu in April 2025?
A) Lion-tailed macaque
B) Nilgiri Tahr
C) Indian Gaur
D) Malabar Civet
E) Great Indian Hornbill
Answer: B) Nilgiri Tahr

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Joint Nilgiri Tahr Census 2025 by Kerala and Tamil Nadu
• Date: April 24–27, 2025
• Location: Kerala and Tamil Nadu (Western Ghats region)

Mandates and Objectives:

• Purpose of Census:
  • To commemorate the 50th anniversary of Eravikulam National Park.
  • To scientifically estimate and monitor the population of the Nilgiri Tahr, a vulnerable mountain species.
• Conservation Objective:
  • To assess the distribution, habitat health, and population dynamics of the Nilgiri Tahr using advanced ecological tools.
• Collaboration Scope:
  • Kerala and Tamil Nadu are conducting a synchronised census to enhance regional biodiversity management and share data.

Important Terms Explained:

• Nilgiri Tahr:
  • A vulnerable mountain ungulate endemic to the Western Ghats.
  • Listed under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
  • Key species for assessing montane ecosystem health.
• Eravikulam National Park:
  • Located near Munnar, Kerala.
  • Hosts the largest population of Nilgiri Tahr.
• Bounded Count Method:
  • A scientific population estimation technique using defined geographical areas and repeat counts.
• Camera Traps:
  • Used for photographic documentation of wildlife without disturbance.
• Pellet Sampling:
  • Collection of animal droppings for genetic and dietary analysis.

Tabular Summary:

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18. Which mission was launched by India in 2025 to ensure long-term availability and secure supply of minerals crucial for green technologies?
A) National Mineral Security Mission
B) Green Resource Initiative
C) National Renewable Material Program
D) India Critical Energy Mission
E) National Critical Mineral Mission
Answer: E) National Critical Mineral Mission

Event and Location:

• Event and Location: Launch of the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM)
• Date: 2025
• Location: India

Mandates and Objectives:

• Primary Aim: The National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) aims to secure India’s supply of essential minerals for clean energy technologies like solar, wind, EVs, and batteries.
• Strategic Goals:
  • Reduce import dependency on critical minerals.
  • Promote domestic exploration, processing, and recycling.
  • Build strategic partnerships for overseas mineral asset acquisition.
  • Develop value chains and support R&D and innovation.
  • Enable a sustainable, future-ready mineral ecosystem.
• Implementing Agencies:
  • Geological Survey of India (GSI): Spearheading exploration.
  • Ministry of Mines: Coordinating the overall mission.

Important Terms Explained:

• Critical Minerals: Essential resources required for high-tech applications like solar PVs, EV batteries, and wind turbines; include lithium, cobalt, nickel, REEs, etc.
• MMDR Act, 1957 (Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation Act): The key legislation governing mineral exploration and mining in India.
• KABIL (Khanij Bidesh India Ltd): A government joint venture responsible for securing overseas mineral assets, including lithium blocks in Argentina and MoUs with Australia.
• IREL (India) Limited: A public sector company specializing in the production and refining of rare earth elements and strategic minerals.
• Exploration Licence (EL): Newly introduced reform to incentivize private sector exploration under relaxed rules.
• UNFC Classification: United Nations Framework Classification used for resource estimation and reporting in mining projects.

Tabular Summary:

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